新概念第三册
Lesson 58 A spot of bother
单词精讲
lift /lift/n.电梯
【释义】一种垂直运输人员或货物的设备,通常安装在建筑物内。例如:Take the lift to the fifth floor.(乘电梯到五楼。)
【词源】源自中古英语“liften”(举起),因为电梯的作用是将人或物举起,后来演变为表示这种设备。
【短语】lift shaft(电梯井);lift operator(电梯操作员)。
【例句】The lift is out of order, so we have to take the stairs.(电梯坏了,所以我们不得不走楼梯。)
prudent(adj. 谨慎的)
【释义】小心谨慎的,明智的,在做决策或行动时考虑周全以避免风险。例如:A prudent investor will always do research before buying stocks.(一个谨慎的投资者在购买股票之前总是会做研究。)
【词源】源自拉丁语“prudens”,由“pro - ”(向前)+“videre”(看)组成,原意为有预见的,引申为谨慎的。
【短语】prudent decision(谨慎的决定);prudent management(谨慎的管理)。
【例句】It is prudent to save some money for emergencies.(为紧急情况存些钱是谨慎的做法。)
monstrous(adj. 极大的,可怕的)
【释义】形容非常大(常带有负面、令人震惊的意味);或者极其可怕、恐怖的。例如:The monstrous waves crashed against the shore.(巨大的海浪拍打着海岸。)
【词源】源自拉丁语“monstrum”(怪物)+“ - ous”(形容词后缀),最初表示像怪物一样的,即极大的或可怕的。
【短语】monstrous size(巨大的尺寸);monstrous crime(可怕的罪行)。
【例句】They heard a monstrous roar in the forest.(他们在森林里听到了一声可怕的吼叫。)
composure(n. 镇静,沉着)
【释义】一种冷静、镇定的心理状态,尤其是在压力或困难情况下。例如:She maintained her composure during the difficult interview.(在艰难的面试中她保持着镇静。)
【词源】源自拉丁语“com - ”(一起)+“ponere”(放置),原意为放在一起,后引申为将情绪等放在一起,即镇静。
【短语】lose one's composure(失去镇静);keep one's composure(保持镇静)。
【例句】His composure impressed everyone in the room.(他的沉着给房间里的每个人都留下了深刻的印象。)
negligence(n. 粗心大意)
【释义】没有给予应有的注意或小心,从而导致错误或事故的发生。例如:The accident was caused by the driver's negligence.(事故是由司机的粗心大意引起的。)
【词源】源自拉丁语“negligentia”,由“neglegere”(忽视)的现在分词形式+“ - ia”(名词后缀)组成,表示忽视的状态,即粗心大意。
【短语】criminal negligence(刑事疏忽);gross negligence(严重疏忽)。
【例句】The company was sued for negligence in safety procedures.(该公司因安全程序上的粗心大意而被起诉。)
intruder(n. 入侵者(尤指欲行窃者))
【释义】未经允许进入某个地方的人,通常带有不良意图,如行窃等。例如:The security system detected an intruder in the building.(安全系统检测到大楼里有一个入侵者。)
【词源】源自拉丁语“in - ”(进入)+“trudere”(推),表示强行进入的人,即入侵者。
【短语】intruder alarm(入侵报警器);unwanted intruder(不受欢迎的入侵者)。
【例句】The dog barked at the intruder in the yard.(狗对着院子里的入侵者狂吠。)
lurk(v. 潜藏)
【释义】隐藏或潜伏在某个地方,通常是暗中等待或准备做某事。例如:A thief might lurk in the shadows.(小偷可能潜藏在阴影里。)
【词源】可能源自中古英语“lurken”,具体词源不确定,可能与隐藏、潜伏的动作有关。
【短语】lurk about(潜藏在附近);lurk in the corner(潜藏在角落)。
【例句】Danger lurks everywhere in the old castle.(危险在古堡里无处不在。)
toss(v. 扔)
【释义】轻轻地、随意地将某物抛向空中或扔到某个方向。例如:He tossed the ball to his friend.(他把球扔给他的朋友。)
【词源】源自古英语“tossian”,可能是拟声词,模仿扔东西时的声音。
【短语】toss up(抛硬币决定);toss aside(把…扔到一边)。
【例句】She tossed her hat on the bed.(她把帽子扔在床上。)
hinder(v. 妨碍)
【释义】阻止或阻碍某事的进展,使事情变得困难或不能顺利进行。例如:The bad weather hindered our progress.(恶劣的天气妨碍了我们的进展。)
【词源】源自古英语“hindrian”,与“hind”(后面的)有关,表示使落后,即妨碍。
【短语】hinder from(阻止…做某事);hinder development(妨碍发展)。
【例句】His laziness hinders him from achieving his goals.(他的懒惰妨碍他实现自己的目标。)
discard(v. 丢弃)
【释义】扔掉不再需要或想要的东西。例如:Please discard the empty bottles.(请丢弃空瓶子。)
【词源】由“dis - ”(分开、除去)+“card”(纸牌)组成,原意为把纸牌扔掉,引申为丢弃任何东西。
【短语】discard waste(丢弃废物);discard old clothes(丢弃旧衣服)。
【例句】Don't discard your dreams so easily.(不要这么轻易地丢弃你的梦想。)
fingerprint(n. 指纹)
【释义】手指末端皮肤上的纹路形成的独特印记,常用于识别身份。例如:The police found his fingerprints at the crime scene.(警察在犯罪现场发现了他的指纹。)
【词源】由“finger”(手指)+“print”(印记)组成,表示手指上的印记。
【短语】fingerprint identification(指纹识别);fingerprint analysis(指纹分析)。
【例句】Everyone has a unique fingerprint.(每个人都有独特的指纹。)
constable(n. 警察)
【释义】警察的一种称呼,尤其在英国的一些地区使用。例如:The constable arrested the suspect.(警察逮捕了嫌疑犯。)
【词源】源自拉丁语“comes stabuli”,原意为马厩的侍从,后来演变为表示维持治安的警察。
【短语】village constable(乡村警察);constable patrol(警察巡逻)。
【例句】The constable is on duty around the clock.(警察全天候值班。)
chaos(n. 混乱,无秩序)
【释义】一种完全无序、杂乱无章的状态。例如:The earthquake left the city in chaos.(地震使城市陷入混乱。)
【词源】源自希腊语“khaos”,表示最初的混沌状态。
【短语】in chaos(处于混乱状态);chaos theory(混沌理论)。
【例句】There was chaos in the classroom after the teacher left.(老师离开后教室里一片混乱。)
ransack(v. 洗劫)
【释义】彻底搜查并抢劫(一个地方),通常是粗暴地进行。例如:The burglars ransacked the house for valuables.(窃贼洗劫了房子寻找贵重物品。)
【词源】由“ran - ”(可能是“re - ”的变体,表示加强)+“sack”(抢劫、掠夺)组成,表示彻底的抢劫。
【短语】ransack a room(洗劫一个房间);ransack for(到处搜寻…)。
【例句】The invaders ransacked the village.(侵略者洗劫了村庄。)
inconceivable(adj. 不可思议的)
【释义】难以想象的,无法相信的。例如:It is inconceivable that he could do such a thing.(他能做这样的事是不可思议的。)
【词源】由“in - ”(不)+“conceive”(想象、构想)+“ - able”(可…的)组成,表示不可想象的。
【短语】inconceivable idea(不可思议的想法);inconceivable event(不可思议的事件)。
【例句】The speed of technological progress is inconceivable to people in the past.(技术进步的速度对过去的人来说是不可思议的。)
balcony(n. 阳台)
【释义】建筑物外部突出的平台,通常有栏杆围绕,可用于休闲、晾晒等。例如:She enjoys sitting on the balcony in the evening.(她喜欢晚上坐在阳台上。)
【词源】源自意大利语“balcone”,最初指建筑物上的突出部分。
【短语】balcony railing(阳台栏杆);balcony view(阳台景色)。
【例句】There are some potted plants on the balcony.(阳台上有一些盆栽植物。)
veritable(adj. 真正的;地地道道的)
【释义】用于强调某事是真正的、名副其实的。例如:It was a veritable masterpiece.(这是一件真正的杰作。)
【词源】源自拉丁语“veritas”(真理)+“ - able”(可…的),表示符合真理的,即真正的。
【短语】veritable paradise(真正的天堂);veritable treasure(真正的宝藏)。
【例句】The storm was a veritable disaster for the small town.(这场风暴对这个小镇来说是一场地地道道的灾难。)
fussy(adj. 大惊小怪的;小题大作的)
【释义】过分关注细节、要求过高而显得挑剔、麻烦的。例如:Don't be so fussy about your food.(不要对你的食物这么大惊小怪的。)
【词源】可能源自“fuss”(忙乱、大惊小怪)+“ - y”(形容词后缀)。
【短语】fussy eater(挑食的人);fussy customer(挑剔的顾客)。
【例句】Her fussy nature made it difficult to work with her.(她大惊小怪的性格使和她一起工作变得困难。)
magpie(n. 喜欢收藏物品的人)
【释义】原指喜鹊(一种喜欢收集小物品的鸟),用来比喻喜欢收藏物品的人。例如:He is a magpie, always collecting old coins.(他是个喜欢收藏物品的人,总是收集旧硬币。)
【词源】源自古英语“m gg ”,表示喜鹊这种鸟,后用于比喻。
【短语】like a magpie(像喜鹊一样爱收集东西)。
【例句】My aunt is a magpie, her house is full of all kinds of knick - knacks.(我的阿姨是个喜欢收藏物品的人,她的房子里满是各种各样的小玩意儿。)
二、课文精讲
The old lady was glad to be back at the block of flats where she lived. Her shopping had tired her and her basket had grown heavier with every step of the way home.
-with every step of the way home,这里介词 with引起的短语作状语,表示“随……(情况发生某种变化)”。
译文:老太太很高兴又回到了自己居住的公寓楼。她逛街逛累了,往家走的每走一步,手里的篮子就变得更重。
In the lift her thoughts were on lunch and a good rest; but when she got out at her own floor, both were forgotten in her sudden discovery that her front door was open.
译文:在电梯里她只想着午餐和好好休息一下,但等到走出电梯,她突然发现自己家的房门开着,就马上把这两件事都忘记了。
She was thinking that she must reprimand her home help the next morning for such a monstrous piece of negligence, when she remembered that she had gone shopping after the home help had left and she knew that she had turned both keys in their locks.
-reprimand / rep.r .mɑ nd/ v.训斥;申斥;谴责
-reprimand sb.for…,因为……而训斥某人。
-monstrous / m n.str s/ adj.骇人听闻的
-negligence / neɡ.l .d ns/ n.疏忽,过失
译文:她想明天早上一定要因为这个严重的疏忽而好好训斥一下家政阿姨,但是她记起了自己是在家政阿姨离开后才出的门,也确定自己把两个锁都锁好了。
She walked slowly into the hall and at once noticed that all the room doors were open, yet following her regular practice she had shut them before going out.
-yet following her regular practice,然而按照她的惯例。这是现在分词短语作方式状语,修饰 had shut。
译文:她慢慢地走进客厅,立刻发现所有的门都开着,然而,按照她的惯例,她出门前会把门都关上。
Looking into the drawing room, she saw a scene of confusion over by her writing desk. It was as clear as daylight then that burglars had forced an entry during her absence.
-drawing room / dr . ru m/ n.客厅,起居室
-confusion /k n fju . n/ n. 混乱状态
-as clear as daylight,十分清楚。
-force /f s/ v.砸开(锁、门、窗等),把…撬开
-force an entry 破门而入
译文:她看向起居室,发现写字台旁边一片混乱。很明显,小偷在她出门的时候,破门而入了。
Her first impulse was to go round all the rooms looking for the thieves, but then she decided that at her age it might be more prudent to have someone with her, so she went to fetch the porter from his basement.
-impulse / m.p ls/ n.冲动,突然的强烈欲望
-it might be more prudent to have someone with her,有人陪伴她可能更谨慎一些。it是形式主语,不定式短语 to have someone with her是真正的主语。
-prudent / pru .d nt/ adj. 谨慎的,慎重的;精明的
-fetch /fet / v.(去)拿来,取回;(去)请来
-porter / p .t r/ n.门房,守门者
译文:她立刻就想去房间转转,看看小偷是不是还在房间里,但理智告诉她,在她这个岁数,最好还是有人陪她一起,因此,她走去地下室,请门卫和她一起上去看看。
By this time her legs were beginning to tremble, so she sat down and accepted a cup of very strong tea, while he telephoned the police.
-tremble / trem.b l/ v.(通常因寒冷、害怕或情绪激动)颤抖,发抖
-strong tea 浓茶。
译文:这时,她的双腿开始发抖,她坐下, 门卫给了她一杯浓茶并报了警。
Then, her composure regained, she was ready to set off with the porter's assistance to search for any intruders who might still be lurking in her flat.
-composure /k m p . r/ n.镇静,沉着,泰然自若
-intruder / n tru .d r/ n.闯入者,侵入者
-lurk /l k/ v.(尤指为攻击某人或做坏事而)潜伏,隐蔽,悄悄移动
译文:随后,她恢复了冷静,准备和门卫出发去搜捕小偷,而且小偷可能还躲在她的公寓里。
They went through the rooms, being careful to touch nothing, as they did not want to hinder the police in their search for fingerprints. The chaos was inconceivable.
-hinder / h n.d r/ v.阻碍,妨碍
-chaos / ke . s/ n.混乱;无秩序状态
-inconceivable / n.k n si .v .b l/ adj.不能想象的;不可思议的
-being careful to touch nothing是现在分词短语作方式状语,修饰 went through。
译文:他们一个房间一个房间地挨个地找,小心翼翼地不碰到任何东西,以免妨碍警察寻找指纹。现场混乱到不可思议。
She had lived in the flat for thirty years and was a veritable magpie at hoarding; and it seemed as though everything she possessed had been tossed out and turned over and over.
-veritable / ver. .t .b l/ adj.十足的,不折不扣的;名副其实的
-magpie / m ɡ.pa / n.收集各式物品的人;有多种不同风格的人
-hoarding / h .d / n.(尤指路旁的)大型广告牌
-toss /t s/ v.(随意地)扔,掷,抛
译文:她已经在这个公寓住了30年,而且是一位真正的广告牌收藏爱好者。整个现场看上去就好像她所有的东西都被扔了出来,每个都被翻了遍。
At least sorting out the things she should have discarded years ago was now being made easier for her. Then a police inspector arrived with a constable and she told them of her discovery of the ransacked flat.
-discard /d skɑ d/ v.抛弃,扔掉
-police inspector 督察
-constable / k n.st .b l/ n.(英国最低级别的)警察,保安官
-ransack / r n.s k/ v.洗劫;劫掠;粗暴地搜翻
译文:至少现在,处理她那些早该扔掉的东西似乎变得更简单了。之后,一位督察带着一位小警员来了。她把自己发现的情况向他们告知了一下。
The inspector began to look for fingerprints, while the constable checked that the front door locks had not been forced, thereby proving that the burglars had either used skeleton keys or entered over the balcony.
-skeleton key,万能钥匙。
译文:督察开始收集指纹,而小警员检查了大门的锁,发现并没有被撬开的迹象,因此证明,小偷要么用了万能钥匙,要么就是从阳台翻入。
There was no trace of fingerprints, but the inspector found a dirty red bundlethat contained jewellerywhich the old lady said was not hers.
-bundle / b n.d l/ v.束;捆
译文:现场没有采集到指纹,但是督察发现了一个脏脏的红色小包,里面有珠宝,但老太太说不是她的。
So their entry into this flat was apparently not the burglars' first job that day and they must have been disturbed.
译文: 这样看来,这并不是小偷当天的首次作案,他们一定是中途受到了干扰。
The inspector then asked the old lady to try to check what was missing by the next day and advised her not to stay alone in the flat for a few nights.
译文:督察让老太太在明天之前检查一下损失的物品并建议她最近几晚都不要独自在家。
The old lady thought he was a fussy creature, but since the porter agreed with him, she rang up her daughter and asked for her help in what she described as a little spot of bother.
-fussy / f s.i/ adj.大惊小怪的,小题大作的
译文:而老太太觉得督察过于大惊小怪,但鉴于门卫也同意他的说法,她就打给了自己的女儿寻求帮忙,而理由只是遇到了一点小麻烦。