新概念第三册Lesson 59 Collecting讲义

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更新时间 2024-12-05 14:12:53

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新概念第三册
Lesson 59 Collecting
单词精讲
amass / 'm s/ v.积聚
【释义】逐渐地大量收集或积累(尤指财富、资源或信息等)。例如:He has amassed a great fortune over the years.(多年来他积聚了一大笔财富。)
【词源】源自法语“amasser”,来自拉丁语“ad - ”(到、向)+“massa”(团、块),表示聚集成团或块,即积聚。
【短语】amass wealth(积聚财富);amass evidence(收集证据)。
【例句】The company has amassed a large amount of data for market research.(公司为市场调研积聚了大量数据。)
relaxation(n. 休息,娱乐)
【释义】放松的状态或活动,是从紧张、压力或工作中解脱出来的休息或娱乐形式。例如:Yoga is a good form of relaxation.(瑜伽是一种很好的休息放松形式。)
【词源】由“relax”(v. 放松)+“ - ation”(名词后缀)构成,“relax”源自拉丁语“re - ”(回)+“laxare”(放松)。
【短语】relaxation time(休息时间);relaxation therapy(放松疗法)。
【例句】We all need some relaxation after a long week of work.(在漫长的一周工作之后,我们都需要一些娱乐休息。)
indiscriminate(adj. 不加选择的)
【释义】不加以区分或挑选的,随意的,缺乏判断力地对待所有事物。例如:Indiscriminate use of antibiotics can lead to resistance.(不加选择地使用抗生素会导致抗药性。)
【词源】由“in - ”(不)+“discriminate”(v. 区分、辨别)构成,“discriminate”源自拉丁语“discriminare”。
【短语】indiscriminate killing(滥杀);indiscriminate collection(不加选择的收集)。
【例句】His indiscriminate spending habits got him into financial trouble.(他不加选择的消费习惯使他陷入财务困境。)
verify(v. 查证,核实)
【释义】确定某事是否真实、准确或符合标准,通过检查、比较或调查来证明。例如:Please verify your identity before accessing the system.(在访问系统之前请核实你的身份。)
【词源】源自拉丁语“verus”(真实的)+“ - fy”(使…化),表示使成为真实的,即查证。
【短语】verify information(核实信息);verify the authenticity(验证真实性)。
【例句】The inspector will verify the quality of the products.(检查员将核实产品的质量。)
clutter(n. 一堆杂物)
【释义】大量的、无秩序地堆放的东西,使空间显得杂乱。例如:There is so much clutter in this room.(这个房间里有很多杂物。)
【词源】可能源自中古英语“clotter”(凝结、聚集),表示聚集在一起的杂乱物品。
【短语】clutter up(使杂乱);clear the clutter(清理杂物)。
【例句】Her desk was full of clutter, making it hard to find anything.(她的桌子上满是杂物,很难找到任何东西。)
bearing(n. 关系,联系)
【释义】事物之间的关联、影响或意义上的联系。例如:What bearing does this news have on our project (这个消息对我们的项目有什么关系?)
【词源】源自古英语“beran”(承载、带有),表示所承载或带有的联系。
【短语】have a bearing on(与…有关系);lose one's bearings(迷失方向,不知所措)。
【例句】His words had no bearing on the current situation.(他的话与当前的情况没有关系。)
string(n. 细线)
【释义】一种细长的、通常由纤维或金属制成的线状物。例如:She tied the parcel with a string.(她用一根细线捆扎包裹。)
【词源】源自古英语“streng”,表示绳子、线。
【短语】string of pearls(珍珠串);a piece of string(一根线)。
【例句】The kite was flying high, held by a long string.(风筝被一根长线拉着飞得很高。)
like - minded(adj. 志趣相投的)
【释义】具有相似的想法、兴趣或观点的。例如:They formed a club for like - minded people.(他们为志趣相投的人组建了一个俱乐部。)
【词源】由“like”(相似的)+“minded”(有…思想的)构成。
【短语】like - minded friends(志趣相投的朋友);a like - minded group(一个志趣相投的团体)。
【例句】It's easier to work with like - minded colleagues.(和志趣相投的同事一起工作更容易。)
requisite(n. 必需品)
【释义】为实现某一目的所必需的东西。例如:A good education is a requisite for a successful career.(良好的教育是成功职业的必需品。)
【词源】源自拉丁语“requirere”(要求、需要)的过去分词形式,“ - ite”为名词后缀,表示被要求的东西,即必需品。
【短语】essential requisites(基本必需品);requisite skills(必备技能)。
【例句】Water is a requisite for human survival.(水是人类生存的必需品。)
mania(n. 癖好)
【释义】对某事物极度的热爱或痴迷,近乎狂热的状态。例如:His mania for collecting stamps is well - known.(他对集邮的癖好是众所周知的。)
【词源】源自希腊语“mania”,表示疯狂、狂热。
【短语】shopping mania(购物癖);mania for something(对某事的癖好)。
【例句】She has a mania for detective novels.(她有阅读侦探小说的癖好。)
specimen(n. 标本)
【释义】为了科学研究、展示或测试而采集、制备的单个的样本,如动植物标本等。例如:The scientist examined the specimen under the microscope.(科学家在显微镜下检查标本。)
【词源】源自拉丁语“specere”(看)+“ - men”(表示结果的名词后缀),即供观看的东西,标本。
【短语】biological specimen(生物标本);collect specimens(采集标本)。
【例句】The museum has a large collection of insect specimens.(博物馆有大量的昆虫标本收藏。)
sketch(n. 草图,图样)
【释义】一种简单、快速绘制的图画,通常是为了初步呈现想法、设计或场景等。例如:The artist made a sketch of the landscape before painting it.(画家在画风景画之前画了一幅草图。)
【词源】源自荷兰语“schets”,表示草图、略图。
【短语】rough sketch(草图);sketch map(略图)。
【例句】He showed me a sketch of his new house design.(他给我看了他新房子设计的草图。)
constructively(adv. 有益的,积极的)
【释义】以建设性的方式,即有助于改进、发展或解决问题的方式。例如:They dealt with the problem constructively.(他们以积极的方式处理这个问题。)
【词源】由“constructive”(adj. 建设性的)+“ - ly”(副词后缀)构成,“constructive”源自“construct”(v. 建造)。
【短语】think constructively(建设性地思考);act constructively(积极行动)。
【例句】We should try to communicate constructively in a team.(我们应该在团队中尝试建设性地沟通。)
remote(adj. (机会,可能性)少的,小的)
【释义】形容某事发生的机会或可能性非常小,遥远的。例如:The chances of success are remote.(成功的可能性很小。)
【词源】源自拉丁语“remotus”,是“removere”(移开、远离)的过去分词,意味着远离的、遥远的,引申为可能性小的。
【短语】remote possibility(极小的可能性);remote chance(渺茫的机会)。
【例句】There is a remote chance that we can finish this project on time.(我们按时完成这个项目的机会很渺茫。)
contented(adj. 心满意足的)
【释义】对现状感到满意和快乐的。例如:He had a contented smile on his face.(他脸上带着心满意足的微笑。)
【词源】由“content”(n. 满足)+“ - ed”(形容词后缀)构成,“content”源自拉丁语“contentus”。
【短语】
contented life(满足的生活);feel contented(感到满足)。
【例句】A contented person is more likely to be happy.(一个心满意足的人更有可能是快乐的。)
strong - minded(adj. 意志坚强的)
【释义】具有坚定的意志、决心和主见的。例如:She is a strong - minded woman who never gives up easily.(她是一个意志坚强的女人,从不轻易放弃。)
【词源】由“strong”(强壮的)+“minded”(有…思想的)构成。
【短语】strong - minded attitude(意志坚强的态度);a strong - minded leader(一个意志坚强的领导者)。
【例句】Only strong - minded people can survive in such a tough environment.(只有意志坚强的人才能在如此艰难的环境中生存。)
boredom(n. 烦恼,无聊)
【释义】一种因缺乏兴趣或刺激而产生的厌烦、无趣的感觉。例如:He couldn't stand the boredom of the long journey.(他无法忍受长途旅行的无聊。)
【词源】由“bore”(v. 使厌烦)+“ - dom”(名词后缀,表示状态)构成。
【短语】relieve boredom(解除无聊);boredom - killing(解闷的)。
【例句】The movie was so dull that it added to my boredom.(这部电影太枯燥了,让我更加无聊。)
二、课文精讲
People tend to amasspossessions, sometimes without being aware of doing so. Indeed they can have a delightful surprise when they find something useful which they did not know they owned.
-amass / m s/ v.集聚,积累,大量收集(尤指钱或信息)
-possession /p ze . n/ n.所有物,个人物品;财产
-without being aware of doing so = unwaring of doing st
译文:人们有时会无意识的囤积物品。确实,有时他们会惊喜得在这些物品里找到有用的东西。
Those who never have to move house become indiscriminate collectors of what can only be described as clutter.
-indiscriminate / n.d skr m. .n t/ adj.不加思考的,未加计划的,任意的(尤指带来不良后果)
-clutter / kl t. r/ n.杂乱,凌乱;杂乱的东西
译文:那些从来不需要搬家的人成了什么都要的收藏家,而那些东西只能称为杂物。
They leave unwanted objects in drawers, cupboards and attics for years, in the belief that they may one day need just those very things.
-in the belief that,这个介词短语在句子中作谓语动词 leave的状语。=believe in。
-those very things,就是那些东西,very在这里起强调作用,可译作“正是那个(些)”,“正是所要的”。
译文:他们把不需要的东西长年放在抽屉里、橱柜里和阁楼里,相信总有一天会用到它们。
As they grow old, people also accumulate belongings for two other reasons, lack of physical and mental energy, both of which are essential in turning out and throwing away, and sentiment.
-sentiment / sen.t .m nt/ n.观点;意见;看法;情绪
-be essential in sth 在...方面是不可缺少的。
-lack of physical and mental energy,… and sentiment,在这个句子中,lack of…和sentiment是两个并列的成分,作reasons的同位语,
译文:等他们老去,还会因为另外两种理由囤积物品,一是缺乏体力和精力,两者都是整理和处理杂物的必要条件,二是情感原因。
Things owned for a long time are full of associations with the past, perhaps with relatives who are dead, and so they gradually acquire a value beyond their true worth.
-beyond their true worth,超过它们的实际价值。
译文:长久拥有的物品都充满了对过去的回忆,也或许是与过世的亲人相关。慢慢地这些东西的价值就超越了它们的实际价格。
Some things are collected deliberately in the home in an attempt to avoid waste. Among these I would list string and brown paper, kept by thrifty people when a parcel has been opened, to save buying these two requisites.
-thrifty / θr f.ti/ adj.节约的,节俭的
-requisite / rek.w .z t/ n.必需品;必要条件
-in an attempt to = attempting。
译文:有些东西是故意放在房间里的,就为了避免浪费。比如绳子和牛皮纸,节俭的人就会在拆快递的时候保留下来,就可以不用再买这两样生活必需品了。
Collecting small items can easily become a mania. I know someone whoalways cuts sketches out from newspapers of model clothesthatshe would like to buy if she had the money.
-mania / me .ni. / n.狂热;热衷
-sketch /sket / n.草图,速写;素描
译文:收集小东西很容易变得狂热。我知道有一个人总是会从时尚报纸上先把自己想要买的衣服样本剪下来,等到自己有钱的时候去把它们买回家。
As she is not rich, the chances that she will ever be able to afford such purchases are remote; but she is never sufficiently strong-minded to be able to stop the practice.
-remote /r m t/ adj.绝少的;微小的;微乎其微的
-strong-minded / str ma n.d d/ adj.意志坚定的;有主见的;坚持己见的
译文:由于她并不富有,能够负担得起这些购物的希望十分渺茫,尽管如此,她意志还是不够坚定,无法停止这种行为。
It is a harmless habit, but it litters up her desk to such an extentthat every time she opens it,loose bits of paper fall out in every direction.
-to such an extent that,达到了这样的程度, that后面的从句作 extent的同位语。
-litter / l t. r/ v.四处乱扔,到处乱丢
译文:这虽然是一个无害的习惯,但当她的桌子已经乱到每次打开书桌抽屉的时候,都有散乱的纸片飞的到处都是。
Collecting as a serious hobby is quite different and has many advantages. It provides relaxation for leisure hours, as just looking at one's treasures is always a joy.
-as just looking at one's treasures is always a joy,因为欣赏自己收藏的珍品总会充满了乐趣。as是连词,引导原因状语从句。
译文:当收集成为一个真正的爱好的时候,那就是另一回事了,而且有许多好处,光是盯着这些宝贝看,就已经是件高兴的事情,而且可以放松好几个小时。
One does not have to go outside for amusement, since the collection is housed at home.
-house /ha z/ v.为…提供住处,收容;为…提供空间
译文:因为收藏品就摆在家里,人们就不需要去外面找乐子了。
Whatever it consists of, stamps, records, first editions of books, china, glass, antique furniture, pictures, model cars, stuffed birds, toy animals, there is always something to do in connection with it, from finding the right place for the latest addition, to verifying facts in reference books.
-consist of 由...组成。
-in connection with =connecting。
译文:不管是邮票,唱片,头版书籍,瓷器,玻璃杯,古董家具,画,汽车模型,鸟标本,动物玩具,总可以找到与它们相关的事做,包括为最新的藏品找到最合适的摆放位置,还有从一些参考书里核实事实。
This hobby educates one not only in the chosen subject, but also in general matters which have some bearing on it.
-bearing / be .r / n.与…有关系;对…有影响
-have some bearing on it,与它有关。
-句型:not only ... but also...
译文:兴趣爱好对人们来说不仅只在特定的方面有教育意义,而是与之有关的一切事物,都可以从中学到知识。
There are also other benefits. One wants to meet like-minded collectors, to get advice, to compare notes, to exchange articles, to show off the latest find.
-show off 炫耀,卖弄
译文: 还有其他的好处。人们想要遇见和自己志趣相投的收藏家,寻求建议,交换经验,交换物品,炫耀自己最新的藏品。
So one's circle of friends grows. Soon the hobby leads to travel , perhaps to a meeting in another town, possibly a trip abroad in search of a rare specimen, for collectors are not confined to any one country.
-specimen / spes. .m n/ n.样品;标本;样本
-be confined to sth 仅存在于…;仅限于。
-circle of friends 朋友圈。
-in search of = searching 。
译文:这样,人们的朋友圈就扩大了。不久,兴趣爱好就把人们带向了旅行。可能是去另一个城市参加会议,也可能去国外寻找罕见的标本,因为收藏家不局限于某一个国家。
Over the years, one may well become an authority on one's hobby and will very probably be asked to give informal talks to little gatherings and then, if successful, to larger audiences.
-authority / θ r. .ti/ n.权威人士;专家;泰斗
-gathering / ɡ . r. / n.聚会;集会
译文:多年后,有人或许就成了某方面兴趣爱好的专家,很可能会被邀请在一些小聚会上发表非正式的讲话,之后,更成功的话,还会有更多的人来听讲。
In this way self-confidence grows, first from mastering a subject, then from being able to talk about it. Collecting, by occupying spare time so constructively, makes a person contented, with no time for boredom.
-self-confidence / self k n.f .d ns/ n.自信
-master / mɑ .st r/ v.精通,掌握
-constructively /k n str k.t v.li/ adv.有益的,积极的
-content /k n tent/ adj.满意的;满足的;知足的
-boredom / b .d m/ n.厌烦;厌倦;乏味;无聊
-in this way 以这样的方式。
译文:这样,自信心就增加了,最先从掌握一门学问开始,再到能够就这门学问发表谈论。靠着有效规划业余时间,收藏可以让人变得充实,不再无聊。
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