Unit 6 Survival—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册单元检测卷（B卷）
一、填空题（共10小题；每小题4分，满分40分）
1.The average daily _____(consume) of fruit and vegetables is around 200 grams.
2.Evidence of a link between______ (expose) to the sun and skin cancer has been found.
3.A failure in my youth, a vast lesson a whole life. That is what I experienced in this _____(fierce) hot summer!
4.In California, fires _______(cause) by the earthquake led to lots of damage, destroying a total of 25,000 buildings.
5.It would be safer for a ________(hike) to wear a pair of jeans or pants.
6.It is a_____ (terrify) experience, so I don't want to talk about it anymore.
7.My mother_____ (wipe) the table with a piece of cloth when I came back home.
8.I wasn't certain what she was getting at, but I was surprised at the _____(infer) about her.
9.The club provides a wide _____(vary) of activities including tennis, swimming and squash.
10.He told the inhabitants that the date of the meeting _____(advance) from Friday to Monday.
二、阅读理解（共4小题；每小题5分，满分20分）
Due to the effects of climate change, new species of birds are coming to the UK. A recent study by the RSPB and Durham University has found that European birds have been migrating further north by an average of 300 miles. While fewer birds, such as the tufted duck, are returning for the winter months, there has been an increase in other species as they seek a new holiday home or a quiet stop-off!
It's thought that in the UK, we will gain many more species than we'll lose through climate change—a 3℃ change won't affect the migrations of most birds, so birds such as robins, blackbirds, blue tits and greenfinches will still be regular visitors to our gardens. Climate change has been affecting domestic birds though—the Dartford warbler, a species that was literally down to just a couple of pairs in the UK in the 1960s, has been spreading further north from its traditional home in south-east England. Other birds such as green woodpeckers and nuthatches have already been regular visitors to the country, but have now started to spread further north, with some even going as far as northern England.
Scops owls have also been regular visitors, mostly in the south of England. And over the next 50 years or so, these visitors will eventually start to settle in the UK as they continue to breed(繁殖) and adapt themselves to the conditions.
Other birds are, for the moment, just passing through on their migration, using the UK as a pitstop. The exotic-looking hoopoe—a striking black-and-white-winged bird, the size of a mistle thrush—regularly passes England's south coast and, although it doesn't breed here, up to 100 of them can turn up during the spring.
As climate change continues, there's nothing to suggest that these birds won't continue to breed northwards during the next decade and spotting them will become a regular occurrence throughout the country.
11.What can we infer from paragraph 2
A. There are fewer birds in the UK due to the climate change.
B. Birds won't be affected by temperature change within 3℃.
C. It may get warmer than before in the north of the UK.
D. Birds in the UK don't need migrations any more.
12.Which birds are expected to live in the UK in the future
A. Scops owls. B.Robins. C. Dartford warbler. D. Hoopoe.
13.What does the underlined word "pitstop" in paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Garage. B.Gas station. C. Resting place. D.Nest.
14.What is the main idea of the text
A. Birds visit the UK regularly in winter.
B. Climate change is affecting the population and migrations of birds in the UK.
C. Birds start to inhabit the northern parts of the UK.
D. The population of birds in the world is on the increase due to the climate change.
三、七选五（共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分）
Hotels orbit Saturn's pale orange moon, Titan. Cruise ships roam the docking stations like fish. Have you ever imagined making this future space travel in the fiction films a reality ①______
Large companies and entire governments have teamed up to make space travel and exploration easier and quicker. Several countries are planning space missions between now and 2025. Some aim to build stations orbiting the moon. ②______ Eventually, they maybe build settlements there!
Yet no human has traveled beyond Earth's orbit since 1972. Money is part of the problem. To put a pound of anything in space costs about $10,000. Consider that the old NASA space shuttles carried 2.2 million pounds (998,000 kg) of fuel alone. Once in space, we face the problem of enormous space. Current technology and fuels can propel spacecraft at around 36,000 miles (58,000 km) per hour. ③______ Therefore, Human astronauts need some sort of new engine technology. Without it, they would not likely live long enough to complete journeys to other worlds.
④______ Some human astronauts live and work in the International Space Station(ISS). They're in small spaces far from home. They suffer mentally and emotionally. Moods sour. Depression kicks in. Clear thinking muddies. Fear runs high.
Accessing fresh food is another issue. Today, astronauts eat lots of freeze-dried meals. ⑤______ We need those to be healthy. Of course, space doesn't have grocery stores. Deep-space travelers may need to grow food on board. Unfortunately, good nutrition cannot fully protect an astronaut. All that time spent floating affects bones, muscles, and the blood. The body suffers damage from radiation streaming from stars and supernovas.
A. Others intend to land humans on Mars.
B. Freezing food reduces its vitamins and minerals.
C. Even if a trip fit within a lifetime, it wouldn't be easy.
D. In some ways, we are on the edge of this imagined future.
E. Frozen food cannot provide them with enough good nutrition.
F. With that amazing speed, spacecrafts would carry astronauts to other worlds.
G. Even at that speed, it would take 78,000 years to reach the nearest star system.
四、书面表达（满分20分）
假设你是李华,最近你所在的城市发生了严重的地震,你的英国好友Alan非常关心,发邮件询问目前的情况。请你给他写封回信,向他介绍情况,内容包括以下几点:
1. 感谢关心;
2. 介绍目前的情况;
3. 表达信心。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3. 开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。
Dear Alan,
I'm glad to receive your email.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：consumption
解析：句意:每日平均果蔬消耗量约为200克。分析句子结构可知,此处作主语,用名词形式。
2.答案：exposure
解析：句意为:有证据表明在阳光下暴晒与皮肤癌之间存在关联。设空处作介词between的宾语,应用名词形式。故填 exposure。
3.答案：fiercely
解析：考查词性转换。句意:青春的失败,一生的巨大教训,这就是我在这个极度炎热的夏天所经历的事情!fiercely是副词,在句中修饰形容词hot。
4.答案：caused
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:在加利福尼亚州,地震引起的火灾造成了许多损失,共摧毁了25000座建筑物。分析句子结构并由句意可知,空处作定语,修饰fires, cause与fires为逻辑上的动宾关系,故应用过去分词短语作定语。
5.答案：hiker
解析：考查名词。句意:对一位徒步旅行者而言,穿牛仔裤或长裤会更安全。根据空前的冠词a可知此处应用名词。故填hiker。
6.答案：terrifying
解析：考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,设空处修饰名词 experience,所以应用形容词作定语,此处表示“可怕的经历”,故填 terrifying。
7.答案：was wiping
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意:当我回家的时候,,我妈妈正用一块布擦桌子。表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作应用过去进行时;主语 My mother 为第三人称单数形式,故填 was wiping。
8.答案：inference
解析：句意:我不确定她是什么意思,但我对这个有关她的推论感到惊讶。分析句子结构可知,空格处位于定冠词the后面,故填其名词形式inference(推断;推理;推论)。
9.答案：variety
解析：句意:这家俱乐部的活动丰富多彩,包括网球、游泳和壁球。a variety of各种各样的。
10.答案：had been advanced
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意:他告诉居民们会议日期已经从星期五提前到星期一。advance意为“提前”。根据句意和结构可知这里用过去完成时的被动语态。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：C
解析：从第二段Climate change has been affecting domestic birds though—the Dartford warbler, a species that was literally down to just a couple of pairs in the UK in the 1960s, has been spreading further north from it's traditional home in south-east England.可知,以前住在南边的达特福德莺，也到了远向北的地区。以及下一句 Other birds such as green woodpeckers and nuthatches have already been regular visitors to the country, but have now started to spread further north, with some even going as far as northern England.其他鸟类，如绿色的啄木鸟和五子鸟已经是这个国家的常客，但现在已经开始向北飞去，有些甚至远到英格兰北部。可推知，英国北部比以前更暖了。
12.答案：A
解析：从第三段可知，Scops猫头鹰也是常客，主要在英格兰南部。在接下来的50年左右，这些游客最终会开始在英国定居，因为他们会继续繁殖并适应环境。
13.答案：C
解析：从第四段可知,别的鸟儿在迁徙的过程中,just passing through on their migration只是路过,因此只能是把英国当成是短暂休息的地方。
14.答案：B
解析：根据全文，尤其是第一段，可知本文主要讲的是气候变化对英国鸟儿数量及其迁徙习惯的影响。
三、七选五
答案：①-⑤DAGCB
解析：①语境衔接题。根据上文Have you ever imagined making this future space travel in the fiction films a reality？（你有没有想过把科幻电影里的未来太空旅行变成现实？）及下文Large companies and entire governments have teamed up to make space travel and exploration easier and quicker.（大公司和整个政府已经联手使太空旅行和探索更容易、更快捷。）可知此处是说我们已经实现了一些方面。D项"在某些方面，我们正处于这种想象未来的边缘。"符合语境。故选D。
②联系上文题。根据上文Several countries are planning space missions between now and 2025.Some aim to build stations orbiting the moon.（几个国家正在计划从现在到2025年的太空任务。一些国家的目标是在月球轨道上建立空间站。）可知此处是说一些国家的行动。A项"其他国家则打算将人类送上火星。"符合语境。故选A。
③语境衔接题。根据上文Current technology and fuels can propel spacecraft at around 36，000 miles （58，000 km） per hour.（目前的技术和燃料可以推动航天器以每小时36000英里（58000公里）的速度飞行。）及下文Therefore，Human astronauts need some sort of new engine technology.（因此，人类宇航员需要某种新的引擎技术。）可知此处是说这样的速度还不够。G项"即使以这样的速度，也需要78000年才能到达最近的恒星系统。"符合语境。故选G。
④联系下文题。根据下文Some human astronauts live and work in the International Space Station（ISS）.They're in small spaces far from home. They suffer mentally and emotionally. Moods sour. Depression kicks in. Clear thinking muddies. Fear runs high.（一些人类宇航员在国际空间站生活和工作。他们住在远离家乡的小地方。他们在精神上和情感上都很痛苦。情绪恶化。抑郁开始了。清晰的思维模糊。恐惧情绪高涨。）可知此处是说在空间站的旅行并不简单。C项"即使一生只有一次旅行，也不是一件容易的事。"符合语境。故选C。
⑤语境衔接题。根据上文Today，astronauts eat lots of freeze-dried meals.（今天，宇航员吃很多冻干的食物。）及下文We need those to be healthy.（我们需要这些来保持健康。）可知此处是说吃冷冻食物的原因。B项"冷冻食物会减少食物中的维生素和矿物质。"合语境。故选B。
四、书面表达
答案：
Dear Alan,
I'm glad to receive your email. Thank you for your concern. Don't worry about me.
A strong earthquake unexpectedly struck my city last week. Lots of houses fell down, causing serious damage. Lots of people were buried in the ruins and many of them lost their lives. Luckily, my family are all safe, so you don't need to worry. Thankfully, our government took many effective measures immediately after it occurred and people all over the world offered their help. I believe the present situation will soon become better.
Yours,
Li HuaUnit 6 Survival—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册单元检测卷（A卷）
一、填空题（共10小题；每小题4分，满分40分）
1.The senior high school is a witness to his______ (commit) to the local education.
2.In the journey of self-discovery, nothing is______ (significant) than finding inner peace and contentment.
3.It has not been decided which plan to be adopted; therefore, we have no choice but____ (wait).
4.Most of the 3D food prints now____ (restrict) to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad.
5.He has committed himself to____ (do)everything in his power to prevent the crisis from happening.
6.I would like to express my _____(appreciate) and thanks to you all.
7.The future of the company will depend _____(crucial) on how consumers respond.
8.It is a mysterious tool for the police and can help the police catch people who _____(commit) a crime.
9.Put a small amount of the powder into a ________(contain) and mix it with water.
10.The course is aimed at developing the children's ________(appreciate) of music performances.
二、阅读理解（共4小题；每小题5分，满分20分）
The Eye of the Sahara is a geological formation in the Sahara Desert that resembles an enormous blue bullseye. The formation stretches across a 40-kilometre-wide region of the desert in the nation of Mauritania.
For centuries, only a few local tribes knew about the formation. It was first photographed in the 1960s by the astronauts who used it as a landmark to track the progress of their landing sequences. Later, the Landsat satellite took additional images and provided information about the size, height, and extent of the formation.
Geologists originally believed that the Eye of the Sahara was created when an object from outer space crashed into the surface. However, lengthy studies of the rocks inside the structure show that its origins are entirely Earth-based, as the formation contains rocks that are at least 100 million years old; some date back to well before the appearance of life on Earth.
Millions of years ago, volcanic activity from deep beneath Earth's surface lifted the entire landscape around the Eye. After the volcanism died down, wind and water erosion (侵蚀) began to eat away at the layers of rock. The region began to settle down and collapse in on itself, creating the roughly circular "eye" feature.
The Eye of the Sahara attracts both tourists and geologists to study the unique geological feature in person. However, because the Eye is located in a remote region of the desert with very little water or rainfall ,it is not under much threat from humans.
That leaves the Eye at the mercy of nature. The ongoing effects of erosion threaten the landscape, just as they do other places on the planet. Desert winds may well bring more dunes (沙丘) to the region, particularly as climate change causes increased desertification in the area. It's quite possible that, in the distant future, the Eye of the Sahara will be buried under sand and dust. Future travellers may find only a windswept desert burying one of the most striking geological features on the planet.
11.What do we know about the Eye of the Sahara
A. It has been known for centuries.
B. It was created by objects from outer space.
C. It was useful to astronauts in the 1960s.
D. It was first photographed by a satellite.
12.Which factor directly contributes to its circular “eye” feature
A. Volcanic activity. B. Climate change.
C. Wind and water erosion. D. Desertification.
13.Which best describes the future of the Eye of the Sahara according to the text
A. Desirable. B. Secure. C. Uncertain. D. Worrying.
14.What is the text mainly about
A. What is the Eye of the Sahara
B. Why is the Eye of the Sahara in danger
C. Why is the Eye of the Sahara popular
D. How can we save the Eye of the Sahara
三、七选五（共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分）
The earthquake can strike without warning. But many injuries and deaths from this kind of natural disaster can be prevented if people follow these safety tips.
If you're inside a building, stay there! One of the most dangerous things to do in an earthquake is to try to leave a building. ①_________ Drop to the ground. Get under an object that is not easily damaged. Hold on to it until the shaking stops. You can also get to a comer formed by two walls with your arms over your head. If you're in bed when the earthquake hits, stay there and protect your head with a pillow.
②_________ Don't take shelter under a tree, streetlights or tall buildings. If you are driving, stop as quickly as possible and stay away from overpasses, buildings, bridges or anything else that might fall or collapse. ③_________
If you are trapped in ruins, cover your mouth with a handkerchief or a piece of cloth. Use your cellphone to call for help if possible. Don't shout. ④_________ Tap on a pipe or the wall so rescuers can find you.
Be prepared for aftershocks. ⑤_________ However, sometimes they even happen months later. Therefore, if you are not in a safe position after the first shock, you should move quickly but carefully to a safer place.
A. Don't move along or kick up dust.
B. If you're outdoors, go to open space.
C. Shouting can cause you to breathe in dust.
D. Don't park your car under a tree or any tall objects.
E. Keep hold of your cellphone in the building.
F. They can happen in the first hours after the earthquake.
G. Most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out.
四、书面表达（满分20分）
假如你是李华,学校最近要组织一次英语演讲比赛,主题为“垃圾分类益处多”。请你根据此话题写一篇演讲稿。要点如下:
1. 你的观点;
2. 你的建议。
参考词汇:垃圾分类garbage classification
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
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答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：commitment
解析：句意为:这所高中见证了他对当地教育的奉献。His to the local education作介词to的宾语,且设空处被形容词性物主代词his修饰,应用名词。故填commitment。commitment作“投入;奉献”讲时,为不可数名词。
2.答案：more significant
解析：句意为:在自我发现的旅程中,没有什么比寻求内心的平静和满足更重要的了。设空处作is的表语,根据 than可知,应用比较级;significant 意为“重要的”,其比较级形式为 more significant。
3.答案：to wait
解析：考查动词不定式。句意:尚未决定采用哪一项计划,因此,我们别无选择,只能等待。have no choice but to do为固定搭配,意为“别无选择只能做......”。故填 to wait。
4.答案：are restricted
解析：考查动词的时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:由于肉类和奶制品容易变质,大多数3D食品打印现在仅限于干燥的食材。分析句子结构可知,because 引导原因状语从句, because前边为主句,主句中缺少谓语,则空处应填谓语动词。由主句中的now及句意可知此处为客观陈述,表示现阶段的一般情况,应用一般恩在时;主句主语 Most of the 3D food prints与 restrict之间为被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态;主语为复数形式,故填 are restricted。
5.答案：doing
解析：考查动名词。commit oneself to (doing)sth.意为“使自己致力于(做)某事”,其中to为介词。故填doing。
6.答案：appreciation
解析：句意:我想对你们所有人表达我的感激和谢意。在形容词性物主代词my后面,用名词形式。
7.答案：crucially
解析：句意:这家公司的未来主要取决于消费者的反应。修饰谓语动词,在句中作状语,用副词形式。
8.答案：committed
解析：句意:它是警方的神秘工具,可以帮助警方抓获犯罪分子。commit v.犯罪,做坏事。who引导定语从句,commit在从句中作谓语,发生在过去,用一般过去时。
9.答案：container
解析：考查名词。句意:将少量粉末放入容器中,将它与水混合。冠词a后应用名词。故填container。
10.答案：appreciation
解析：考查名词。句意;该课程旨在提高孩子们对音乐表演的欣赏能力。children's是名词所有格,修饰名词。故填appreciation。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的It was first photographed in the 1960s by the astronauts who used it as a landmark to track the progress of their landing sequences.可知,在20世纪60年代,它对宇航员很有用。
12.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的After the volcanism died down, wind and water erosion began to eat away at the layers of rock. The region began to settle down and collapse in on itself, creating the roughly circular “eye” feature.可知,风和水的侵蚀使它形成了圆形“眼睛”特征。
13.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的The ongoing effects of erosion threaten the landscape ... It’s quite possible that, in the distant future, the Eye of the Sahara will be buried under sand and dust.可知,很有可能在遥远的将来,撒哈拉之眼将被埋在沙尘之下,所以撒哈拉之眼的未来是让人担忧的。
14.答案： A
解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知,本文主要介绍什么是撒哈拉之眼以及它形成的原因、未来等。
三、七选五
答案：GBDCF
解析：①根据空前"One of the most dangerous things to do in an earthquake is to try to leave a building."可知,地震发生时最危险的事情之一是试图离开一栋建筑物,与G项“大多数的伤害发生在建筑物内的人试图出来的时候。”相符,故选G。
②根据空后"Don't take shelter under a tree, streetlights or tall buildings."可知,不要在树下、街灯下或高楼下避难,与B项“如果你在户外,就去开阔的空地。”相符,故选B。
③根据空前"If you are driving, stop as quickly as possible and stay away from overpasses, buildings, bridges or anything else that might fall or collapse."可知,如果你在开车,尽快停下来,而且要远离高架桥、建筑物、桥或者其他任何可能落下或坍塌的东西,与D项“不要把你的车停在树下或任何高的物体下面。”相符,故选D。
④根据空前"Don't shout."可知,不要大叫,与C项“大叫可能会让你吸入灰尘。”顺承,故选C。
⑤根据空前"Be prepared for aftershocks."可知,为余震做好准备,与F项“它们可能发生在地震后的前几个小时。”相符,故选F。
四、书面表达
答案：
Hello, everyone! I'm glad to have this chance to share some ideas about garbage classification with you.
In my understanding, the earth is home to every individual, and it's our duty to protect the environment voluntarily. By sorting the waste, we can not only reduce pollution but also conserve energy, which will pave the way for the recycling of valuable resources.
For the sake of our environment and life, we are expected to learn to sort the rubbish and make it a habit. Every individual can make a difference and let's bring a brighter future for the planet!
Thank you!
