2025年中考英语语法精讲精练系列-定语从句课件(共20张PPT)

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名称 2025年中考英语语法精讲精练系列-定语从句课件(共20张PPT)
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更新时间 2024-12-07 21:38:19

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(共20张PPT)
中考英语语法
精讲精练系列
定语从句
定语从句的概念
定语从句
定语从句定义:在复合句中用来用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
在复合句中用来用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
eg. The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.
解析: 在这个句子中,“The book”是先行词,也就是被修饰的名词。 “which I bought yesterday”是定语从句,其中“which”是关系代词,在定语从句中作宾语,指代先行词“the book”。整个定语从句“which I bought yesterday”用来修饰“the book”,说明是“我昨天买的那本书”。
先行词
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词(antecedent)。
The girl who wears a red dress is my sister. 解析: 这里的“girl”是先行词。它被定语从句“who wears a red dress”所修饰。“who”是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语,这个定语从句描述了“girl”的穿着情况,用来明确是“穿着红色裙子的女孩”。
关系代词
关系代词
英语关系代词,即用来引导定语从句的代词。它们连接名词和定语从句,起到连接作用。英语中的关系代词包括that、 who,whom, whose和which。
The man who helped me yesterday is my neighbor.
解析: 在这个句子中,“man”是先行词。 “who”是关系代词,它引导定语从句“who helped me yesterday”。“who”在定语从句中作主语,连接先行词“man”和定语从句,表明是“昨天帮助我的那个男人”。
关系代词
关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注
关系 代词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother whom, which 和that 在从句 中做:宾语时, 常可以省略, 但介词提前时 后面关系代词 不能省略,也 不可以用that
whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.. whose 人,物 定语 _上 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. [ that 人,物 主语,宾 语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 物 主语,宾 语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as 人,物 主语,宾 语 He is such a person as is respected by all ofus. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般 不省略
关系副词
关系副词是英语中用于引导定语从句并在从句中作状语的副词,主要用来修饰表示时间、地点或原因的先行词。When, where, why等。
I still remember the day when we first met.
解析: 在这个句子中,“the day”是先行词,表示时间。 “when”是关系副词,它引导定语从句“when we first met”。“when”在定语从句中作时间状语,用来描述是“我们初次见面的那一天”。
关系副词
关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注 关系词
关系副词 when 时间 时间状语 一 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which
where 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which
why 原因 原因状语 I can't imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which
that 与 which, who, whom 的用法区别:
情况 用法说明 例句
只用 that的情况 1. 先行词为ll, everything, anything, nothing, lttle;much,等不定代词时。 2. 先行词被l, ay, every, each, muhd ,little no, some, few等修饰时 3. 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时 4. 先行词既指人又指物时 5. 先行词被the only, the very修饰时 6. 句中已经有who或which时,为了避免重复时 1.He told me everything that he knows.
2.Al the books that you offered has been given out
3.This is the best film that I have ever read.
4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
5.He is the only man that I want to see. 6.Who is the man that is making a speech
情况 用法说明 例句
只用 which, who, whom的 情况 1. 在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指 代物,用 who/whom指人 2. 在由"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句中, 只能用 which指物,whom指人。 3. 先行词本身是that 时,关系词用which,先 行词为 those, one, he时多用 who。 He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study. Ilike the person to whom the teacher is talking. Those who respect others are usually respected by others.
I have a book ________ is very interesting.
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. what
答案:B
解析:根据表格中关于只用"that"的情况,当先行词为不定代词或被某些词修饰时,使用"that"。在这个句子中,先行词"a book"是物,且没有被特定的限定词修饰,因此应该使用"which"来引导非限制性定语从句。
The man ________ you met yesterday is my uncle.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. whose
答案:A
解析:根据表格中关于只用"who, whom"的情况,在限制性定语从句中指人时,使用"who"或"whom"。在这个句子中,先行词"The man"是指人的名词,并且是从句中的主语,所以应该使用"who"。
as 与 which的用法区别:
定语从 句 区别 例句
限制性定语从句中 名词前有such和 the same修饰时,关系 代词用 as,不能用 which He is not such a fool as he looks. Don't read such books as you can't understand.
非限制 性定语 从句中 as和which 都可以指代前面整个主句。如 果有"正如,象"的含义,并可以放在主 句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而 which 引导的从句只能放主句后,并无"正 如"的意思。 They won the game, as we had expected. They won the game, which we hadn't expected. As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.
He is not such a fool ________ he looks.
A. as
B. which
C. that
D. whom
答案:A
解析: 根据表格中关于"as 与 which 的区别"的描述,当名词前有 such 和 the same 修饰时,关系代词用 as,不能用 which。在这个句子中,"such a fool"是被 such 修饰的名词短语,因此应该使用 as。
They won the game, ________ we had expected.
A. as
B. which
C. that
D. whom
答案:A
解析:根据表格中关于"as 与 which 的区别"的描述,如果从句有“正如,象”的含义,并可以放在主句前或后面,那么用 as;而 which 引导的从句只能放主句后,并无“正如”的意思。在这个句子中,从句表示的是“正如我们所预料的那样”,因此应该使用 as。
The accident happened at the time ________ I left.
A. when
B. as
C. which
D. where
答案:A
解析:根据表格中关于"限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别"的描述,限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开。在这个句子中,"at the time"是一个时间状语,需要一个关系副词来引导定语从句,因此应该使用 when。
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