(共31张PPT)
中考英语语法
精讲精练系列
倒装句
倒装句的概念
倒装句
就是主语谓语位置是颠倒的句子.
一般句子,主语在谓语前;倒装句,谓语在主语前.
基本语序
主语 + 谓语
He knew no one in Australia.
倒装语序
部分倒装
完全倒装
谓语 + 主语
助动词/情态动词+主语+V
部分倒装
1)never, often, seldom, little, nowhere, not, hardly 等词位于句首时
Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.
解析: 在正常语序中句子为“I have never seen such a beautiful sunset.”。当“never”位于句首时,句子要部分倒装,即把助动词“have”提前到主语“I”的前面。这个句子表达“我从未见过如此美丽的日落”。
Seldom does he go to the movies.
解析: 正常语序是“He seldom goes to the movies.”。“seldom”位于句首时,句子部分倒装,把助动词“does”提前,主语“he”紧跟其后,原句中的动词“goes”变为原形“go”。这个句子的意思是“他很少去看电影”。
1)never, often, seldom, little, nowhere, not, hardly 等词位于句首时
Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain.
解析: 正常语序是“I had hardly arrived home when it began to rain.”。“hardly”位于句首时,部分倒装,将助动词“had”提前到主语“I”之前。这个句子表示“我刚到家就开始下雨了”。
2)Only + 状语,位于句首
Only when the war was over could he go back to his hometown.
解析: 正常语序为“He could go back to his hometown only when the war was over.”。当“Only when the war was over(时间状语从句)”位于句首时,句子部分倒装,将情态动词“could”提前到主语“he”之前。此句的意思是“只有当战争结束时,他才能回到他的家乡”。
Only in this way can we solve the problem.
解析: 正常语序是“We can solve the problem only in this way.”。这里“Only in this way(介词短语作状语)”位于句首,部分倒装把情态动词“can”提前到主语“we”之前。句子的含义是“只有通过这种方式我们才能解决这个问题”。
Only recently have I realized the importance of health.
解析: 正常语序为“I have realized the importance of health only recently.”。“Only recently(副词作状语)”位于句首时,部分倒装,把助动词“have”提前到主语“I”之前。这个句子表示“直到最近我才意识到健康的重要性”。
3) No sooner…than…
Hardly …when…
Scarcely …when… 位于句首
No sooner had I lain down than the telephone rang.
解析: 在正常语序中句子为“I had no sooner lain down than the telephone rang.”。当“No sooner”位于句首时,句子要部分倒装,即将助动词“had”提前到主语“I”之前。这个句子表示“我刚躺下电话就响了”。
Hardly had she finished her speech when the audience started to applaud.
解析: 正常语序为“She had hardly finished her speech when the audience started to applaud.”。“Hardly”位于句首时,句子部分倒装,把助动词“had”提前到主语“she”之前。此句的意思是“她刚完成演讲观众就开始鼓掌了”
Scarcely had he entered the room when he noticed something strange.
解析: 正常语序为“He had scarcely entered the room when he noticed something strange.”。“Scarcely”位于句首时,部分倒装,将助动词“had”提前到主语“he”之前。这个句子的意思是“他刚进入房间就注意到一些奇怪的东西”。
4) not…until…
so …that…位于句首
Not until the rain stopped did he leave the house.
解析: 正常语序为“He didn't leave the house until the rain stopped.”。当“not…until…”结构中的“not until”部分位于句首时,句子要部分倒装。这里把助动词“did”提前到主语“he”之前,动词“leave”使用原形。此句的意思是“直到雨停了他才离开房子”。
So fast did he run that he won the race easily. 解析: 正常语序为“He ran so fast that he won the race easily.”。当“so fast”位于句首时,句子部分倒装,把助动词“did”提前到主语“he”之前,动词“run”变为原形。此句的意思是“他跑得如此之快,以至于轻松赢得了比赛”。
5) Not only…but also…连接两个句子时
Not only does he like reading, but also he is good at writing.
解析: 正常语序为“He likes reading and he is good at writing.”。当使用“Not only…but also…”连接这两个句子并且“Not only”位于句首时,句子要部分倒装。在这个例子中,“he likes reading”这部分进行部分倒装,把助动词“does”提前到主语“he”之前,动词“like”变为原形。此句表示“他不仅喜欢阅读,而且擅长写作”。
Not only can she sing, but also she can dance.
解析: 原本的句子可以是“She can sing and she can dance.”。由于“Not only”位于句首,“she can sing”这部分进行部分倒装,把情态动词“can”提前到主语“she”之前。这个句子的意思是“她不仅会唱歌,而且会跳舞”。
6) so
neither/nor引起的句子表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人
He likes football, so do I.
解析: 这里前面说“He likes football”,表示“他喜欢足球”。当要表达“我也喜欢(足球)”这种前面情况适用于自己(另一个人)的情况时,使用“so do I”这种部分倒装结构。其中“do”是助动词,代替前面句子中的“like”这个动作,“I”是主语。
She doesn't like coffee, neither/nor do I.
解析: 前面句子“She doesn't like coffee”表示“她不喜欢咖啡”,当要表达自己(另一个人)也不喜欢咖啡这种情况时,使用“neither/nor do I”这种部分倒装结构。其中“do”是助动词,代替前面句子中的“like”这个动作,“I”是主语。
7) prep. + no + n. 位于句首
At no time should you give up hope.
解析: 正常语序为“You should never give up hope.”,这里“at no time”(表示“在任何时候都不”,相当于“never”)位于句首,句子要部分倒装,把情态动词“should”提前到主语“you”之前。此句的意思是“你任何时候都不应该放弃希望”。
完全倒装
Here comes the bus.
解析: 正常语序是“The bus comes here.”。当“Here”位于句首时,句子使用完全倒装,把谓语动词“comes”提前到主语“the bus”之前。此句表示“公共汽车来了”。
Here, there, then, now, 或 out, in, up, down, away, off
等副词开头的句子
There stands a tall building.
解析: 正常语序是“A tall building stands there.”。“There”位于句首时,句子完全倒装,将谓语动词“stands”提前到主语“a tall building”之前,这个句子的意思是“那里矗立着一座高楼”。
Then came the moment we had been waiting for.
解析: 正常语序是“The moment we had been waiting for came then.”。“Then”位于句首时,句子完全倒装,把谓语动词“came”提前到主语“the moment we had been waiting for”之前,此句表示“我们一直等待的时刻到了”。
Here you are.
解析: 正常语序就是“Here you are”,这里“you”是人称代词,当“Here”位于句首时,语序不需要改变。这是一个常见的表达,意思是“给你”。
There he stands.
解析: 正常语序就是“There he stands”,“he”是人称代词,虽然“There”位于句首,但语序不变。此句表示“他站在那里”。
主语是人称代词,语序不变
What should I do next ” asked the student.
解析: 正常语序是The student asked, “What should I do next ”。这里直接引语“What should I do next ”的全部放在句首,句子使用了完全倒装,把谓语动词“asked”放到了主语“the student”的前面。
“I will never give up,” said Tom.
解析: 正常语序是Tom said, “I will never give up.”。由于直接引语“I will never give up”放在句首,句子采用完全倒装,将谓语动词“said”置于主语“Tom”之前。
直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时,有时用倒装。
Among the trees stands a small house.
解析: 正常语序是A small house stands among the trees. 这里“Among the trees”是介词短语作表语,“stands”是系动词,“a small house”是主语。当表语(介词短语)“Among the trees”位于句首时,句子采用完全倒装结构,将系动词“stands”放在主语“a small house”之前。
表语(介词短语)+ 系动词 + 主语
强调表语时使用
Young as he is, he is very knowledgeable.
解析: 正常语序是He is young as he is very knowledgeable. 在“As”引导的让步状语从句中,当表语“young”提前时,句子要进行部分倒装。这里把表语提前强调“尽管他年轻”这一情况,而后面的主句“he is very knowledgeable”保持正常语序。
*As 引导的让步状语从句
1.n./adj. + as + S + v.
2.adv. + as + S + v.
3.v. + as + S + 情态动词/助动词
Child as he is, he can help his parents a lot.
解析: 正常语序是He is a child, but he can help his parents a lot. 这里“Child”作为名词提前,“as”引导让步状语从句,主语是“he”,动词是“is”,这种倒装结构表示“尽管他是个孩子”。
Hard as he tried, he couldn't pass the exam.
解析: 正常语序是He tried hard, but he couldn't pass the exam. “Hard”作为副词提前,“as”引导让步状语从句,主语是“he”,动词是“tried”,表示“尽管他很努力地尝试”。
Try as he may, he will never succeed.
解析: 正常语序是He may try, but he will never succeed. 这里“Try”作为动词提前,“as”引导让步状语从句,主语是“he”,情态动词是“may”,表示“尽管他可能尝试”。
In the classroom stands a teacher.
解析: 正常语序是A teacher stands in the classroom. 这里“In the classroom”是介词短语作状语,“stands”是动词,“a teacher”是主语。当介词短语作状语位于句首时,句子采用完全倒装结构,将动词“stands”放在主语“a teacher”之前。
On the wall hangs a beautiful picture.
解析: 正常语序是A beautiful picture hangs on the wall. “On the wall”是介词短语作状语,“hangs”是动词,“a beautiful picture”是主语。此句中由于状语前置,句子进行完全倒装,将动词“hangs”置于主语之前。
状语(介词短语)+ v. + S.
小试牛刀
-I don't like reading newspapers.
-_________.
A. So do I
B. Neither do I
C. So I do
D. Neither I do
答案:B
解析:前一句是否定句“我不喜欢读报纸”,表示“我也不”要用“neither 助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”这种部分倒装结构。A选项“So do I”用于肯定句中的“我也一样”;C选项“So I do”表示“我确实如此”,不是倒装结构;D选项“Neither I do”结构错误。。
Only when he reached the tea house_____ it was the same place he'd been
in last year.
A. he realized
B. he did realize
C. realized he
D. did he realize
答案:D
解析:“only 状语从句”位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装。正常语序是He realized it was the same place he'd been in last year only when he reached the tea house. 这里把助动词“did”提前,主语“he”放在助动词后面,动词“realize”用原形。A和B选项没有倒装;C选项倒装结构错误。
-You seem to be an actor.
-_____. I have played many parts in a lot of films.
A. So do I
B. So I do
C. So am I
D. So I am
答案:D
解析:前一句说“你看起来像个演员”,回答“我确实是(演员)”,要用“So 主语+系动词/助动词/情态动词”这种结构,表示对前面所说内容的肯定,这里系动词是“am”。A选项“So do I”用于表示“我也一样”,是部分倒装,用于肯定句中,但是这里是强调“我确实是”;B选项“So I do”用于强调动作,这里是说身份,要用系动词;C选项“So am I”结构错误。
Not until the early years of the 19th century____ what heat is.
A. man did know
B. man knew
C. didn't man know
D. did man know
答案:D
解析:“not until...”位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装。正常语序是Man didn't know what heat is until the early years of the 19th century. 这里把助动词“did”提前,主语“man”放在助动词后面,动词“know”用原形,C选项“didn't man know”多了一个“not”,不符合部分倒装结构。A和B选项没有倒装。
-Look! Over there ______ a group of students.
A. comes
B. come
C. is coming
D. are coming
答案:B
解析:这是一个完全倒装句,正常语序是A group of students come over there. 当表示地点的副词或介词短语等作状语位于句首时,句子采用完全倒装,这里主语是“a group of students”,是复数概念,所以动词用“come”。A选项“comes”是第三人称单数形式,不符合主语的数;C和D选项“is coming”和“are coming”是进行时态,这里不需要用进行时,只是描述客观存在的情况。
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