(共68张PPT)
目录
课标知识图谱
高频考点精研
专题三 代词
考点1 人称代词、生物代词和反身代词
考点2 指示代词、不定代词与疑问代词
考点3 it的用法
A组 考点突破
B组 语段提升
课标知识图谱
1
高频考点精研
2
人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
一、代词的形式变化
人称 数 主格 宾格 形容词性 物主代词 名词性 物主代词 反身
代词
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
人称 数 主格 宾格 形容词性 物主代词 名词性 物主代词 反身
代词
第三人称 单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its / itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
二、人称代词的用法
1. 人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语,宾格作宾语。
He also enjoys listening to music. It makes him happy.他也喜欢听音乐。那使
他开心。(He和It作主语;him作宾语)[七上-Unit 2]
2. 人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。
-Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门?
-It’s me. 是我。
3. 人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,用主格和宾格都
可以。
She is shorter than me./She is shorter than I am.她比我矮。 [八上-Unit 1]
三、物主代词的用法
1. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于“形容词”,可在句中作定语,不单独
使用。
My classroom is on the ground floor.
我的教室在一楼。[七上-Unit 3]
2. 名词性物主代词常用来避免与前面已提及的名词重复,相当于“形容词
性物主代词+名词”。在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。
And yours is here too, Simon. 西蒙,你的(书包)也在这儿。(作主语)
[七下-Unit 3]
Is it yours? 它是你的吗?(作表语)[七下-Unit 3]
I’ve already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? 我已经做完我
的作业了。你做完你的了吗?(作宾语)
3. 名词性物主代词可与of连用,构成双重所有格。
He is a friend of mine.他是我的一位朋友。
四、反身代词的用法
反身代词可以在句中作宾语、表语、同位语。
1. 作宾语。表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人
或一些人。
Let’s enjoy ourselves!
让我们尽情享受吧! [八上-Unit 3]
2. 作表语。
The girl in the news is myself.
新闻里的女孩就是我自己。
3. 作主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本人。
I myself washed the clothes.(=I washed the clothes myself.)我自己洗衣
服。(作主语同位语)
You should ask the teacher himself.
你应该问老师他自己。(作宾语同位语)
五、反身代词的常用词组
teach oneself/learn…by oneself自学
enjoy oneself 过得愉快,玩得高兴
help oneself to 自用,自取(食物、饮料等)
come to oneself 苏醒
hurt oneself 受伤
look after/take care of oneself 照顾自己
提醒
人称代词的顺序:
单数二三一:you, she/he, I你,她/他,我;
复数一二三:we, you, they我们,你们,他/她们。
归纳
①人称代词使用小口诀:
人称代词有两格,分为主格和宾格;
主格句中作主语,宾格句中作宾表;
句首、动前用主格,动后、介后用宾格。
②物主代词使用小口诀:
物主代词分两种,形容词性名词性;
形容词性能力差,自己不能来当家;
句子当中作定语,身后定把名词加;
物主代词名词性,相当名词可单用;
句中充当主宾表,身后没有名词影;
两种代词形不同,添个s形变名;
his, its不用变,my变mine要记清。
指示代词、不定代词与疑问代词
一、指示代词
类别 指示代词及词义 示例
近指或下文提
到的事 单数 this这个 This is my pen.这是我的钢笔。
Please remember this: No
pain, no gain. 请记住:没有付
出,就没有收获。
复数 these这些 These are my books.这些是我的
书。
类别 指示代词及词义 示例
远指或上面刚
提到的事 单数 that 那个 That is her bike.
那是她的自行车。
He was ill. That’s why he didn’t
go to school. 他病了。那就是他
没去上学的原因。
复数 those那些 Those are my sheep.那些是我的
绵羊。
二、不定代词
不定代词是不明确指代某个(些)人或物的代词,有时可作定语修饰
名词。
1. some与any
相同点 既可以指代或修饰可数名词,也可以指代或修饰不可数名词 不同点 some ①一般用于肯定句中 ②在疑问句中,当表示说话
人希望得到肯定回答或表达
请求、建议时,应用some Then you can buy him
some stamps. 那你可以给
他买一些邮票。[七上-
Unit 7]
相同点 既可以指代或修饰可数名词,也可以指代或修饰不可数名词 不同点 any ①多用于疑问句、否定句中②用于肯定句中,表示“任何(一个)” Do we need to buy any paper cups? 我们需要买一些纸杯吗?[七上-Unit 7]
2. many与much
不定代词 意义及用法 示例
many 指代或修饰可数名词复数,
可以与表示程度的副词
so,too,as,how等连用 Don’t take so many.别拿这么多。
How many books do you have? 你
有多少本书?
much 指代或修饰不可数名词,可
以与表示程度的副词so,
too,as,how等连用 He never eats so much.他从不吃那
么多。
How much is the coat?这大衣多少
钱?
3. other, the other, others, the others,another
不定代词 意义及用法 示例
other 另外的 Books, clothes, shoes, toys and some
other nice things. 书、衣服、鞋、玩具和其
他的一些漂亮的东西。[七上-Unit 5]
the other 两者中的另一个,常与one构成“one …, the other…”结构 She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise
book in the other. 她一手拿着尺子,一手拿着练习本。
不定代词 意义及用法 示例
others 泛指“另外的人或物”,常
与some搭配构成
“some …, others…”结构 Some went to the cinema, and
others went swimming. 一些人
去看电影,其他人去游泳。
the others 表示特指某范围内的“其他
的人或物”,相当于“the
other+复数名词” In our class only Tom is
English. The others are
Chinese. 我们班只有汤姆是英
国人,其他的都是中国人。
不定代词 意义及用法 示例
another 另一个 Can we see another pair? 我们能看看另外一双吗? [七上-Unit 7]
拓展
表示相互关系的代词叫作相互代词。相互代词有each other和one another两种形
式,两者几乎没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语,相互代词的所有格形式
在句中作定语。
Family members get together and give each other presents. 家人聚在一起,互相赠送
礼物。[七上-Unit 5]
4. both, either, neither, all, none
不定 代词 指代 范围 意义及用法 示例
both 两者 意为“两者都”,是
对两者的肯定 Both (of) the plans are good.
两个计划都很好。
either 意为“(两者中)任
一个”,表示二选一 You can keep one of the two
pens. Either is OK. 你可以拿
走两支钢笔中的一支,哪一支
都行。
不定 代词 指代范围 意义及用法 示例
neither 两者 意为“都不”,是对两者的否定 Neither of them has a bike.
他们两个都没有自行车。
all 三者或三 者以上 意为“全部”,指代或修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词 All of the food has gone.食物
全吃光了。
不定代词 指代范围 意义及用法 示例
none 三者或三 者以上 意为“全无,没有一
点”,指代可数名词复
数或不可数名词 They have three sons,but
none of them lives/live
nearby.他们有三个儿子,但
他们都不住在附近。
不定代词 指代范围 意义及用法 示例
none 三者或三 者以上 指物或人,其后通常接表示范围的of… None of the work was done.
工作一点都没做。
回答how many/how much
的提问 -How many tickets do you
have left?你还剩下多少张
票?-None.没有了。
5. few, a few,little, a little
不定代词 意义及用法 例句
肯定 a few “一些”,接可数名
词复数 I have a few friends in this
school, but few are good
friends. 这个学校里我有一些朋
友,但几乎没有好朋友。
I had a little meat for lunch, but
I had little water. 我午饭吃了点
肉,但我没有喝水。
不定代词 意义及用法 例句
肯定 a little “一点”,接不可数
名词 I have a few friends in this
school, but few are good
friends. 这个学校里我有一些朋
友,但几乎没有好朋友。
I had a little meat for lunch, but
I had little water. 我午饭吃了点
肉,但我没有喝水。
few “几乎没有”,接可
数名词复数 little “几乎没有”,接不
可数名词 拓展
口语中常用only a few 或only a little表示“只有一些(点)”,quite a few表示
“相当多”。
6. each与every
不定代词 意义及用法 示例
each 意为“各自,每个”,用
来指两个或两个以上的人
或物,强调个体;作主语
时,谓语动词用单数形式 Each of us wears a yellow T-
shirt. 我们每个人都穿着一件黄
色T恤。
There are many stone lions on
each side of the bridge. 桥的两边
有许多石狮子。
不定代词 意义及用法 示例
every 意为“每一个”,用来指
三个或三个以上的人或
物,强调全体;在句中只
能作定语,修饰作主语的
名词时,谓语动词用单数
形式 Every student has passed the
exam. 每个学生都通过了这次考
试。
7. 复合不定代词
与some,any结合的词如something,somebody,someone,anything,
anyone,anybody
在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法,大致和some,any的用
法相同。
some any no every
thing something anything nothing everything
one someone anyone no one everyone
body somebody anybody nobody everybody
①some开头的复合不定代词常用于肯定句中。
Give me something to do.给我点活儿干吧。
②any或no开头的复合不定代词常用于否定句或疑问句中。
-Is there anything in the cup?杯子里有东西吗?
-No, there is nothing.没有,什么也没有。
③在表示请求、建议或邀请等,期待一个肯定回答时,用some开头的复合
不定代词, 而不用any开头的复合不定代词。
Would you like something to eat?
你想吃点什么吗?
④every开头的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句中,也可用于疑问句中;如果
用于否定句则表示部分否定(不完全否定)。
-Is everyone here?大家都到了吗?
-Yes, everyone has arrived on time though the snow is heavy.是的,尽管雪
很大,大家都准时到了。
-The problem is not easy for everyone.
这道题并非对每个人都很容易。
-Yes, only a few students can work it out.
是的,只有几个学生能算出来。
⑤当句中有little, few, seldom, hardly, never, without等否定意义的词
或too…to…等具有否定意义的结构时,通常用any开头的复合不定代词。
I was too nervous to say anything at the meeting.在会上我太紧张了,什么也
没说。
⑥当表示“人”时,使用 -body 或者 -one类复合不定代词。
There is somebody at the door.门口有个人。
⑦当表示“事/物”时,使用-thing类复合不定代词。
Something strange happened in our neighborhood.我们街区发生了奇
怪的事情。
①复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Is everybody/everyone here today? 今天每个人都在这儿吗? [七下-Unit 8]
②形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时,形容词或else须放在复合不定代词后。
There’s nothing wrong with keeping a snake if you like it. 如果你喜欢,养蛇没有什
么问题。[七下-Unit 8]
③动词不定式修饰不定代词时,动词不定式放在不定代词之后。
Can I have something to drink? 我能喝些什么吗?
重难点
三、疑问代词
疑问代词 意义及用法 示例
what 可询问职业,意为“什么”;也可指不定数目中的那一个,意为“什么,哪一些,”无范围 What does he want for Christmas?
他圣诞节想要什么? [七上-Unit 5]
意为“哪一个”,指在一定范围内特指的人或物 Which present is for Grandma? 哪个礼物是给奶奶的? [七上-Unit 5]
疑问代词 意义及用法 示例
who 意为“谁”,可用来询问身
份和姓名,在句中可作主
语、表语或宾语,但不能放
介词后 Who is that girl in a red coat? 那个穿红色外套的女孩儿是谁? [七上-Unit 5]
疑问代词 意义及用法 示例
whom 意为“谁”,是who的宾格形式,在句中作宾语,有时可用who代替 Daniel does not know whom he
should talk to. 丹尼尔不知道他应该跟谁谈。[九上-Unit 3]
whose 意为“谁的”,是who的所有格形式,在句中作定语 Whose mask is this? 这是谁的面
具?[七上-Unit 5]
it的用法
1. 指代前面提到过的事物
The book is Interesting. Would you like to have a look at it?这本书很有趣,你
想看看吗?[七下-Unit 1]
2. 代替指示代词this或that
-What’s that,Tom?汤姆,那是什么?
-It is a pencil.是一支铅笔。
3. 指代时间或季节
-What’s the time now?现在几点了?
-It’s nine o'clock.九点了。
4. 指代天气
-What’s the weather like today?今天天气怎么样?
-It’s cloudy.今天是阴天。
5. 指代距离
How far is it from your school to your home?从学校到你家有多远?
6. it作形式主语常用来代替不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句,用于句首。
常用于以下句型:
①It is+adj.+(for sb/of sb) to do sth (对某人来说/某人)做某事
是……的
It is very important for me to learn Chinese well.学好汉语对我来讲很重要。
②It seems that…看起来好像……
It seems that they know what they’re doing.看来,他们知道自己在干什么。
7. it作形式宾语
it作形式宾语时常用于“…think/find/believe/feel/make+it+adj./n.(+for
sb)+to do sth”结构。
I feel it necessary to take exercise every day.我感觉每天锻炼是必要的。
易错点
one、that和it的区别
one表示泛指,that和it表示特指;that与one所指名词为同类,但不是同一个,而it
与所指名词为同一个。
She can’t find her pen. She thinks she must buy one.(泛指同类中的一个)
She couldn’t find her purse;she didn’t know where she had put it.(特指同一个)
The picture you have is more beautiful than that I have.(前后比较双方的结构要一
致,单数用that)
The books in that shop are cheaper than those in this shop.(前后比较双方的结构要一
致,复数用those)
A组 考点突破
考点1 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
1. (2024无锡)Oh, come on! Stop telling me what to do. Mind own
business.
A. you B. your C. us D. our
2. (2024常州)Little Mary was proud of because she taught Uncle Li
how to borrow books online.
A. herself B. hers C. she D. her
B
A
3. (2024南京市联合体一模)Kitty got a letter from her best friend. It
makes very excited.
A. she B. her C. hers D. herself
4. (2024扬州江都一模)It is the time for all the teenagers to make the most
of youth.
A. they B. them C. their D. themselves
B
C
5. (2024南京鼓楼二模)-Are you ready for our Open Day, boys and
girls?
-Yes. We’ll manage , staying organized and friendly. 重难点拨
A. yourself B. yourselves
C. myself D. ourselves
D
6. (2024南通海安十三校联考二模)My bike is broken. I asked if he
would like to share with me.
A. his; his B. him; his
C. him; him D. his; him
7. (2024南通启东二模)Don’t fix your problems. Fix your thinking. Then
the problems will fix .
A. you B. yourselves
C. them D. themselves
B
D
8. (2023连云港)Your school library looks as modern as . Can you show
me around?
A. we B. us C. our D. ours
9. (2023扬州)The children have painted since could first pick up a
brush.
A. they B. them C. their D. themselves
D
A
11. (2023无锡)Think about it and ask : have you really done
everything right?
A. you B. yourself C. me D. myself
12. (2022南京)Children often hurt when they play that game.
A. they B. them C. their D. themselves
B
D
10. (2023淮安)My teacher Miss Chen often helps me with my English. I
thank very much.
A. she B. her C. hers D. herself
B
考点2 指示代词、不定代词与疑问代词
13. (2024无锡)We’re looking for who can deal with the new computer
virus.
A. someone B. everyone
C. something D. everything
14. (2024扬州)“What’s that?” is of the first things that children say.
A. some B. each C. one D. that
A
C
15. (2024无锡) is the girl wearing a scarf? Is she your sister?
A. Who B. Which
C. What D. Where
16. (2024镇江)Chemistry is as interesting as Physics. of them help
students explore the science world.
A. Neither B. Both C. All D. None
17. (2024南通崇川、如皋一模)The China you see today is quite a different
country from it used to be. It has become greener, stronger and wealthier.
A. this B. that C. the one D. 不填
A
B
C
18. (2024南通海门一模)Wow! The music makes me feel good. is
better than listening to soft music.
A. Nothing B. Anything
C. Something D. Everything
19. (2024泰州泰兴一模)-Excuse me, can I park my car here?
-Sorry, the street is crowded with people. You can’t park your car
on side of it.
A. both B. none C. either D. neither
A
C
20. (2024徐州邳州运河中学一模)Buses to the airport only come once every
hour, and we just missed . Why don’t we take a taxi?
A. another B. it C. one D. them
21. (2024南通通州一模)-If you have the chance, where do you prefer to
live, on Mars or the Moon?
- is OK. I will never move away from the Earth.
A. Either B. Neither C. Any D. None
C
B
22. (2024南京鼓楼三模)-Nanjing is a historic city with many historical
figures.
-So I think Nanjing is more monumental(具有纪念意义的) than city in
Jiangsu.
A. other B. any other C. any D. others
23. (2024南通如皋、崇川二模)Since Nantong Metro Line 2 came into
operation, the time on the trip has been much less than in the past.
A. that B. this C. one D. it
B
A
24. (2024徐州二模)-Give some clear instructions, then you can make
ChatGPT do its magic.
-That’s I need to do?
A. it B. any C. all D. none
25. (2023徐州) other nurses in the hospital have worked here longer
than Helen; only Lucy and Mary started working here before her.
A. All B. Most C. Some D. Few
C
D
26. (2023常州)I’ve visited New York and Los Angeles, but I don’t
like of them very much.
A. either B. any C. neither D. none
27. (2023无锡)-You’ve been so quiet today, Tom. Talk to me. Say
something. !
-What am I supposed to say after all this? Just leave me alone!
A. Something B. Anything
C. Everything D. Nothing
A
B
28. (2023宿迁)-Sandy is well organized.
-Exactly. in her room is in good order.
A. Something B. Everything
C. Nothing D. None
29. (2023镇江) The twin brothers are good at football and of them have
a talent for sports.
A. neither B. either C. both D. all
B
C
30. (2022南京)-May, is the e-mail from?
-A new friend. His name is Mike and he lives in Newcastle.
A. who B. how C. when D. what
A
考点3 it的用法
31. (2024南京鼓楼一模)Listening to music can make easy to develop
happiness.
A. it B. one C. this D. that
32. (2024扬州翠岗中学二模)-Listen! someone is crying upstairs.
-Oh, must be my baby sister Meimei. She must be hungry.
A. she B. it C. this D. he
A
B
33. (2024常州模拟)-What is the purpose of education in your opinion?
-I think is very important to teach students how to learn.
A. one B. it C. that D. this
34. (2023南通)-It’s neither too cold nor too hot all year round in
Kunming, making a perfect place to live in or visit.
-Right. I went there last year.
A. that B. one C. this D. it
B
D
B组 语段提升
阅读下面短文,并根据各题所给首字母的提示,写出一个合适的英语
单词完整的、正确的形式,使短文通顺 重难点拨
Today is Duanwu Jie or the Dragon Boat Festival, one of the most
important festivals in China. Chinese people remember the great patriotic poet
(爱国诗人) Qu Yuan by rowing dragon boats and making zongzi on this day.
My village is famous for 1. great protection of traditional culture and
2. have the best dragon boat race team of the city. Every year, villagers
raise our dragon boats from under the river about a month before the festival.
And then it is carefully cleaned and repainted. Our dragon boat is already 40
years old. Made of a special kind of wood, 3. is still strong enough to last
for a long time.
This year, 4. elder brother is accepted into our dragon boat race
team as its youngest member. He’s only 18, and I’m so proud of 5. .
its
we
it
my
him