专题十 动词的非谓语形式 课件(共65张PPT) 2025年中考英语译林版语法专项复习(江苏)

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名称 专题十 动词的非谓语形式 课件(共65张PPT) 2025年中考英语译林版语法专项复习(江苏)
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(共65张PPT)
目录
课标知识图谱
高频考点精研
专题十 动词的非谓语形式
考点1 动词不定式
考点2 动词的-ing形式
考点3 动词的-ed形式
A组 考点突破
B组 语段提升
课标知识图谱
1
高频考点精研
2
动词不定式
一、动词不定式的构成
  动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,这里的to是不定式符号,
本身无意义,有时可以省略。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中
不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留了动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状
语。动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。
二、不定式的基本用法
  动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中可以作主语、宾
语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。
句法功能 示例
作状语 He went to the library to borrow some books.他去图书馆
借了几本书。
作宾语 I want to ask him a question.
我想问他一个问题。
He is learning to swim.
他在学习游泳。
句法功能 示例
作宾语补足语 She asked me to speak louder.
她要求我更大声地说话。
作定语 They have no house to live in.
他们无房子可住。
作主语 To learn English well is not easy.
学好英语是不容易的。
作表语 To have a dream is to have a goal.
有一个梦想就是有一个目标。
1. 不定式作状语
①作目的状语常用结构:only to do (仅仅为了), in order to do, so as to
do。
He ran fast so as to catch the first bus.
他跑得很快,为的是赶上第一趟公共汽车。
I come here only to say goodbye to you.
我来仅仅是为了向你告别。
②作结果状语常用结构:so…as to, too…to…, enough…to…, only to do
(表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果)。
I’m not so stupid as to believe that.
我还不至于傻到去相信那个。
③作原因状语,不定式在某些形容词后,表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的原因。
I’m glad to see you.见到你很高兴。
I’m only too glad to have passed the exam.
考试及格了,我非常高兴。
拓展
  不定式用作独立成分,往往是用作评注性状语。常用作独立成分的不定式短
语有:to be frank 坦率地说;to begin with 首先;to tell you the truth 说实话;to be
honest 老实说;to start with 首先。
To be honest, it is one of the worst books I’ve ever read.说实话,那是我读过最差的
书之一。
2. 不定式作宾语
  有些及物动词后接不定式作宾语,常见的这类及物动词有begin,
choose, continue, decide, fail, forget, hate, help, hope, learn,
manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prefer, promise, refuse, try,
wait, want, wish, afford, agree, start, like, expect等。
She promised to come at nine o’clock.
她答应九点来的。
…, so she decided to enter the garden.……,因此她决定进入花园。[七下
-Unit 6]
提醒
①接在表示“除……之外”意义的but, except之后的动词不定式,若but, except
之前有实义动词do的任何形式,通常省略动词不定式符号to;如果没有do的形式要
加to。
His mother could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive.
他妈妈除了等着医生到来之外别无他法。
I have no choice but to accept her advice.我别无选择,只能接受她的建议。
②如果宾语的不定式后有宾语补足语,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正宾语的不定式
(短语)移到宾语补足语之后。
I found it important to get up early in the morning.我发现早上早起很重要。
拓展
  不定式可以和疑问代词who, what, which及疑问副词when, how, where连
用构成不定式短语,在句中充当宾语。
Millie has decided what to read.米莉已经决定读什么书了。[八下-Unit 4]
3. 不定式作宾语补足语
①常见接to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词或短语有teach, invite,
advise, encourage, ask, allow, tell, expect, order, want, wish,
warn, would like等。
My mother asks me not to play computer games before finishing my homework.
我妈妈要求我在完成家庭作业之前不许玩电脑游戏。
②在动词help后面作宾语补足语的不定式,可以带to,也可以不带to。
He often helps his parents (to)do housework on weekends.他经常在周末帮
助父母做家务。
重难点
一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略to。这些动
词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to)、三让(let,make,have)、
四看(look at,see,watch,notice)。但这些动词变为被动语态时,必须加
上to。
4. 不定式作主语
(1)用作主语的动词不定式通常表示一种具体的、特定的行为,其谓语动
词用第三人称单数形式。
To see is to believe.眼见为实。
(2)当作主语的不定式(短语)较长时,通常用it作形式主语,而将真正
的主语后置。
常用的句型有:
①It+is+adj.(+for/of sb)+to do sth。
It is important (for us)to learn maths well.
(对于我们来说)学好数学很重要。
It is kind of you to help people in need.
帮助有需要的人,你真是太好了!
②It takes/took sb+一段时间+to do sth。
It takes me half an hour to ride to school every day.每天骑自行车上学花费我
半个小时。
5. 不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语时,它的位置是在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。常见的
能跟不定式作定语的名词有ability, attempt, chance, decision, effort,
need, plan, time等。
There are lots of things to do in Sunshine Town.在阳光镇有很多事情可做。
[七下-Unit 3]
(2)如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有被动关系,不定式后应有
介词。
I want some paper to write on.
我想要一些写字的纸。
(3)不定式修饰 something, anything, nothing等复合不定代词时,放在
它们的后面,如果复合不定代词有形容词来修饰,词序是“复合不定代词
+形容词 + 不定式”。
Have you got anything important to buy?
你有什么重要的东西要买吗?
I had something cold to drink.我喝冷饮了。
6. 不定式作表语
  动词不定式可以跟在连系动词后作表语,表示主语的具体内容、目的
等。动词不定式作表语通常可以跟主语进行位置互换。
My dream is to be/become a famous scientist.我的梦想是成为一名著
名的科学家。
三、含不定式的特殊结构
1. “too+adj./adv.+ to do sth”意为“太……(以至于)不能……”。
You’re never too old to learn.
活到老学到老。[八下-Unit 5]
2. “adj./adv.+enough to do sth”意为“足够……做某事”。
You’re old enough to learn about manners now, Hobo.你已经长大了,该学
会礼貌了,霍波。[八下-Unit 5]
动词的-ing形式
一、动词的-ing形式构成
  动词的-ing形式包含动名词和现在分词两种形式,由“动词原形+
ing”构成,否定形式是“not+动词原形+ing”。
二、动词的-ing形式的基本用法
1. 动名词的基本用法
句法功能 说明 示例
作主语 谓语动词用单数 Eating too much is bad for your
health.吃得太多对你的健康害。
作宾语 动词 宾语 表示一般的习惯、抽象行为或经常性的动作 I like playing the piano very
much.我非常喜欢弹钢琴。
作宾语 介词宾语 表示一般的习惯、抽象行为或经常性的动作 Stamps are used for sending
letters.邮票是用来寄信的。
句法功能 说明 示例
作表语 多数情况下,动名词作表语可转换成作主语 His hobby is playing basketball.=
Playing basketball is his hobby.打篮球
是他的爱好。
作定语 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等,置于被修饰词之前 She is in the dinning room.她在餐厅。
We should improve our learning
methods.我们应该改进我们的学习方
法。
2. 现在分词的基本用法
句法功能 说明 示例
作定语 现在分词在句中作形容词用,
如果是一个单词,位于名词之
前;如果是分词短语,位于名
词之后 China is a developing
country.中国是一个发展中
国家。
作表语 现在分词作表语,一般表示主
语的性质和特征,含有“令
人……”的意思。主语多数情
况下是物 The news sounds
encouraging.这则消息听起
来令人鼓舞。
句法功能 说明 示例
作状语 分词作状语,可表时间、原
因、条件、让步、方式、伴
随、结果 Being a student, he likes to
help others.作为一名学生,
他喜欢帮助他人。
作宾语 补足语 可以接现在分词作宾补的动词
有:see,watch, hear,
keep, find等 I heard Lily singing in the
classroom.我听见莉莉在教
室唱歌。
三、常跟动名词作宾语的(短语)动词
  英语中有一些(短语)动词后面常跟动名词作宾语。初中阶段常见的
有:finish, enjoy, mind, miss, consider, suggest, avoid, be worth,
be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problems (in), feel like, be
used to (习惯于), give up, keep on, can’t help, look forward to, pay
attention to, devote…to。
妙记
我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词:
完成练习值得忙(finish, practice, be worth, be busy);
继续习惯别放弃(keep on, be used to, give up);
考虑建议不禁想(consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like);
喜欢思念要介意(enjoy, miss, mind);
避免期盼应注意(avoid, look forward to, pay attention to)。
四、动词后接不定式和动名词的区别
1. remember to do sth记着要去做某事;remember doing sth记得过去
做过某事
I remember seeing this film before.
我记得以前看过这部电影。
I remember to see the film this evening.
我记着今天晚上要去看电影。
2. forget to do sth忘记要去做某事;forget doing sth忘记曾做过某事
I forgot turning off the lights when I left the room.我忘了当我离开房间时已经
把灯关掉了
I forgot to turn off the lights when I left the room.离开房间时,我忘
记关灯了。
3. stop doing sth停止正做的事情;stop to do sth停下(正做的事情)去做另
一件事
She stopped reading the story.
她停止读那个故事了。
She stopped to read the story.
她停下来去读那个故事。
She stopped doing her homework to watch TV. 她停止做作业去看电视了。
提醒
stop to do sth=stop doing sth to do sth,不定式在这里作目的状语。
4. go on doing sth继续做某事;go on to do sth继续去做另一件事
After some rest,we will go on doing that.
休息一会儿后,我们将继续做那件事。
After playing football,we will go on to play basketball.我们踢完足球后,将
继续去打篮球。
5. try doing sth尝试着做某事;try to do sth设法去做某事,努力去做某事
They will try doing it in a new way.
他们将试着用一种新的办法做此事。
We are trying to learn English well.
我们在努力去学好英语。
6. regret doing sth对做过的事后悔;regret to do sth对未做的事表示遗憾
I regret telling you the bad news.
我后悔把这个坏消息告诉了你。
I regret to say I’m not able to help you finish it.很抱歉,我不能帮你
完成此事。
7. mean to do sth打算做某事;mean doing sth意味着做某事
I meant to go running this morning.
今天早上我本打算去跑步的。
This new order will mean working overtime.
这个新订单意味着我们要加班加点了。
拓展
  need,require,want后跟不定式和动名词作宾语的区别:当need,require,
want作“需要”讲时,后接动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,也可跟不定式的被
动式。此时,need,want,require后动词的逻辑宾语必须是句子的主语。即sth
wants/needs doing (=to be done)某物需要做;sb want/need to do sth某人想要/需
要做某事
He needs to do his homework.
他需要做家庭作业了。
The flower needs watering.
花需要浇水了。
易错点
  现在分词作宾语补足语和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别:
1. 常见的动词如see, watch, notice, hear, feel, have等,接不带to的不
定式作宾语补足语,表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作;接动词的-ing作
宾语补足语,表示动作正在进行。
I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这
个动作正在进行)
I heard him sing in the classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动
作已经结束)
2. 常用动词的-ing形式的句型
①It+is+n.+ doing sth做某事是……的
It’s no use complaining.抱怨没有用。
It is not much fun playing basketball.
打篮球没什么意思。
②There be+n./pron.+ doing sth有某人/物在做某事
There are already robots working in factories.已经有在工厂里工作的
机器人了。
③There is no+doing sth做某事是不可能的
There is no joking about such a serious matter.这件事很严肃,开不得玩笑。
④There be+(no)problem/difficulty/trouble+doing sth做某事(没)有困难
There is no trouble finishing the work on time.按时完成工作没有困难。
⑤Sb spend(s)some time/money (in)doing sth某人花费一些时间/金钱做
某事
My sister always spends a lot of money buying clothes.我的姐姐总是花很多钱
买衣服。
动词的-ed形式
一、动词的-ed形式构成
  动词的-ed形式是指动词的过去分词,有规则变化和不规则变化两种
形式。
二、动词的-ed形式基本用法
句法功能 说明 示例
作定语 修饰名词,表示完成、被动
意义,可置于名词前,也可
置于名词后。 I know the boy called Jim.我
认识那个叫吉姆的男孩。
作表语 表示主语的性质、状态等。 The glass is broken.玻璃碎
了。
句法功能 说明 示例
作宾语 补足语 说明宾语的性质、状态或表
示完成、被动意义。 You’ve had your hair cut!你
理发了!
作状语 表示原因或伴随等。 Moved by their speech, I was
at a loss what to say.被他们的
发言感动,我不知说什么
好。
易错点
现在分词和过去分词的区别
1. 在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成
的动作
the rising sun 正在升起的太阳
the risen sun 升起来的太阳
2. have sb do sth, have sb/sth doing sth和have sth done的区别
①have sb do sth意为“让某人做某事”,have可以用let, make代替。不定
式往往表示一次性的具体动作,且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。
The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背
对他的父亲站着。
②have sb/sth doing sth意为“让某人/物一直做某事”,have 可以用keep代
替,现在分词(doing)所表示的动作往往具有持续进行的含义。
The two men had their lights burning all night long.那两个人让他们的灯通宵
亮着。
③have sth done意为“让某事被别人做”,即ask sb else to do sth,过去分词
(done)所表示的动作由他人(非主语本身)来完成,含有被动意义。
The driver had his car washed once a week.这个司机一周洗一次他的车。
A组 考点突破
考点1 动词不定式
1. (2024扬州)China has made great efforts other countries build high-
speed railways.
A. help B. to help
C. helping D. helped
B 
2. (2024南通海安一模) the Museum’s 90th year, Nanjing
Museum displayed more than 200 valuable treasures in 90 groups.
A. Celebrate B. Celebrating
C. To celebrating D. To celebrate
3. (2024南京江宁高新区中学三模) Environmental protection groups have
advised governments laws for all ocean life.
A. to developing B. to develop
C. developing D. develop
D 
B 
4. (2024南通如皋、崇川二模) students’ eyesight and make sure they
focus on their studies, schools will have more rules to limit mobile phone use.
A. Protect B. To protect
C. Protected D. Protecting
5. (2024扬州宝应二模)I have decided to go to Beijing and one of my
old friends there.
A. visiting B. visited
C. visits D. visit
B 
D 
6. (2024扬州梅岭中学教育集团二模)-What else should I pay attention
to my English?
-You should watch English videos as often as possible.
A. improve B. improves
C. improving D. to improve
7. (2023南通) healthy, we’ve got used to washing hands before meals
and using public chopsticks.
A. Keeping B. Keep
C. To keep D. To keeping
D 
C 
8. (2023扬州)Science is my favourite subject, so I have prepared the
STEAM Club.
A. join B. joining
C. to join D. to joining
C 
考点2 动词的-ing形式
9. (2024宿迁)By reading the public signs, he had no difficulty in the
shopping mall.
A. find B. found C. to find D. finding
10. (2024南通海安十三校联考二模)The sun was shining
brightly, everything there look more beautiful.
A. making B. to make
C. and make D. and making
D 
A 
11. (2024常州金坛直溪中学一模)-Did you lie to your mother when you
were a child?
-Yes. But now I realize I was wrong. I really regret that silly thing to my
mom.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. did
C 
12. (2024宿迁沭阳一模)-Are there many students about the Mid-
term Star Awards after class?
-Yes, of course.
A. talk B. to talk
C. talking D. talked
13. (2024无锡江阴一模)A new underground Jiangyin with Wuxi has
been in use for several months.
A. comparing B. charging
C. connecting D. covering
C 
C 
14. (2024扬州广陵一模)The young player spends four hours volleyball
every day.
A. practise B. practising
C. to practise D. practised
15. (2024扬州树人学校一模)Many students have difficulty with their
parents, which causes trouble in their life.
A. communicate B. to communicate
C. communicating D. communicated
B 
C 
考点3 动词的-ed形式
16. (2024南京玄武一模)An artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT by
OpenAI is one of the fastest-growing consumer apps in history.
A. decided B. divided
C. developed D. discovered
C 
17. (2024宿迁宿城一模)-Be quick! There is little time before the
film starts.
-OK. Let’s go now.
A. leaving B. to leave
C. leaves D. left
18. (2024常州金坛一模) “the Dragon Year”, the name “Loong
Year” increases our cultural confidence as Chinese.
A. Compare with B. To compare with
C. Compared with D. Comparing with
D 
C 
B组 语段提升
  阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式
重难点拨
Hi Alice,
How are you? I want to tell you about my trip to the city space museum
two days ago. I have never been there before, so I was 1.
(excite)! I was taking care of my little sister and she was bored so I said,
“We are going on an 2. (usual) experience!”
excited 
unusual 
When we arrived, we started to explore (探索). The space museum is
very large and full of interesting and exciting objects 3. (touch).
The first room you enter looks like deep space. There is information about
different planets with a quiz (知识竞赛) at the end. The 4.
(win) has a chance to invent a name for a planet-that’s exciting, isn’t it?
The 5. (two) room looks like the inside of a spaceship. You can
touch an astronaut’s spacesuit (宇航服). It looks really heavy! I don’t know
how an astronaut can wear it. It looks a little old. I don’t know when it
6. (make) either. And you can see where the astronauts prepare
their food. Did you know they use a knife, fork and spoon to eat? I didn’t.
to touch 
winner 
second 
wasmade 
I thought it was all in bags.
We were looking at the oven from the spaceship when my sister 7.
(tell) me she was hungry. So we went to have a snack. They were preparing a
pizza (比萨饼) in the restaurant and the smell of food always makes me
hungry so we had a piece of pizza! It was delicious. While we 8.
(eat) a pizza, they were baking (烘焙) biscuits, so we ate some. Don’t worry! We have bought some 9. you-you will love them! They look
like rockets and taste like honey!
told 
were
eating 
for 
After lunch, we explored more of the museum 10. stayed for the
rest of the day. They were turning off the lights when we left!
Have you ever been to a museum? See you soon!
Helen
and 
素养专练3 动词填空
1. (2024扬州)My father always (避免) clothes shopping, for
he doesn’t care about his clothing.
2. (2024无锡) (keep) calm and carry on. There’s still a long way
to go.
3. (2024无锡) The children did a lot of research in the lab
(finish) the science project.
4. (2024宿迁)Judy (承诺) to serve people in need when he
was in college.
avoids 
Keep 
to finish 
promised 
5. (2023南通)-How heavy the rain is!
-It started at about seven this morning. I (wait)for the school
bus then.
was waiting 
6. (2024宿迁)He often walks in nature because he thinks it is a good way
to (rest after work).
7. (2023南通)The children (begin)to talk about the project after
the teacher divided them into groups.
relax 
began 
8. (2023南通)-I (do)a survey on how to go green later this afternoon.I need your help.
-With pleasure.
9. (2023南通)He likes staying in the room because he (paint)
the walls blue, a calm and peaceful colour.
10. (2023南通)-Hello, may I speak to Miss Zhang?
-Sorry.She (hold)a parents’ meeting in the school hall.
paints 
is holding 
will do/am going to do 
11. (2023无锡)This T-shirt (make)of silk and it feels very
smooth.
12. (2023无锡)What you (do)to my computer? It’s
dead!
13. (2023无锡)If this (go)on, the wild animals will soon have
nowhere to live.
14. (2023无锡)Sorry, buddy.I (drive)at the moment.Can
I call you back later?
is made 
have 
done 
goes 
am driving 
15. (2023无锡,51)Go and have a good sleep, baby.Let me
(worry)about these things.
16. (2023无锡)China’s Shenzhou-15 astronauts (take)a 7-hour
-long spacewalk in February, 2023.
not worry 
took 
17. (2023淮安)-Professor Wang will give us a talk on the history of Huai’an
tomorrow.
-Really? I look forward to (attend)it.
attending