专题十二　主从复合句课件(共80张PPT) 2025年中考英语译林版语法专项复习（江苏）

(共80张PPT)
目录
课标知识图谱
高频考点精研
专题十二　主从复合句
考点1 状语从句
考点2 宾语从句
考点3 定语从句
考点突破
课标知识图谱
1
高频考点精研
2
状语从句
　　在主从复合句中，作状语的从句叫作状语从句。状语从句可以修饰主
句中的谓语动词或整个谓语部分。状语从句由从属连词引导，可以分为时
间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从
句、地点状语从句等。（比较状语从句和方式状语从句初中阶段不涉及）
一、时间状语从句
从属连词 说明 示例
when “当…… 的时候” 引导时间状语从句，
可用于主句的动作和
从句的动作同时发
生，也可用于从句动
作先于主句动作发生 I wasn’t in when you called.你打电话
时我不在家。
When I got home， my sister was
doing her homework.我到家时，我妹
妹在做作业。
I was doing my homework when my
mother was cooking.妈妈做饭时，我
在写作业。
从属连词 说明 示例
when “当…… 的时候” 引导时间状语从句，
既可以用延续性动
词，也可以用非延续
性动词 I wasn’t in when you called.你打电话
时我不在家。
When I got home， my sister was
doing her homework.我到家时，我妹
妹在做作业。
I was doing my homework when my
mother was cooking.妈妈做饭时，我
在写作业。
从属连词 说明 示例
while“当……的时候；在……期间” 常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词作谓语 While he was washing the car， Jenny
was cooking the dinner.当他在洗车的
时候，珍妮在做晚饭。
as“随着/当……时” as引导时间状语从句时可以表达“正当，一边……边……，随着”等意思 He sat watching her as she got ready.
他一直坐着看她准备妥当。
As time goes by， he is getting stronger
and stronger.随着时间的推移，他变
得越来越强壮了。
从属连词 说明 示例
before表示“在……之前”；after表示 “在……之后” 引导时间状语从句，表示先于（晚于）主句动作 I will always work hard before I enter
Peking University.在我考入北京大学
之前我将一直努力。
She showed me many beautiful stamps
after I got to her home.我到达她家以
后，她给我看了很多漂亮的邮票。
从属连词 说明 示例
until/till“直到……为
止”（常可换用，但till不用于句首） 主句谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句用肯定形式，表示这一动作或状态一直持续到until/till引导的从句的动作发生为止 I’ll wait for you until/till you come to see me.我会一直等到你来看我。
从属连词 说明 示例
until/till“直到……为
止”（常可换用，但till不用于句首） 主句的谓语动词是非延续
性动词时，主句用否定形
式，表示主句的动作直到
until 引导的从句的动作发
生才发生，构成
not...until...结构 I didn’t go to bed until I finished
my homework.直到做完作业，
我才去睡觉。
从属连词 说明 示例
since“自…
…以来” 主句用现在完成时，从句
用一般过去时 I have worked in this company
since I graduated from Peking
University.从北京大学毕业
后，我就在这家公司工作。
as soon
as“一……
就……” 表示从句的动作一发生，
主句的动作随即发生 I’ll ring you up as soon as I get
to Beijing.我一到北京就给你
打电话。
提醒
描述未来事件时，在含有时间状语从句的主从复合句中，若主句是一般将
来时，从句用一般现在时，即“主将从现”。
二、条件状语从句
从属连词 示例
if“如果” I’ll visit the Great Wall if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
如果明天不下雨，我将去游览长城。
unless（＝if…not）
“如果不，除非” Unless he says sorry to me， I won’t talk to him.＝If
he doesn’t say sorry to me， I won’t talk to him.他不
给我道歉，我就不理他了。
as/so long as“只
要” We’ll go as long as the weather is good.只要天气好我
们就去。
提醒
主句为祈使句、一般将来时或含有情态动词时，条件状语从句用一般现在时
表将来。
三、原因状语从句
从属连词 示例
because“因为” I was late because I missed the school bus.我迟到是因
为我错过校车了。
since“因为，既
然” Since everyone is here， let’s begin.既然人都到了，我
们开始吧
as“由于，鉴于” As I had a sore throat， I kept silent in class.由于咽喉
痛，我上课保持沉默。
警示
①because“因为”，引导原因状语从句；so“所以”，连接并列复合句。两者不
能同时出现在一个句子里，只能用其一。
Because her parents died， she had to make a living by herself.（√）
Her parents died， so she had to make a living by herself.（√）
Because her parents died， so she had to make a living by herself.（×）
②表示原因的语气由强到弱依次为because ＞ since ＞ as ＞ for（并列连词）。
四、目的状语从句
从属连词 示例
so that“以便”可转换
为“to/in order to＋动词
原形” He must get up early so that he can catch the early
bus.＝He gets up early to/in order to catch the
early bus.他必须早起，以便赶上早班公共汽车。
in order that “为了”可
转换为“to/in order to＋
动词原形” He worked day and night in order that he could
succeed.＝He worked day and night to/in order to
succeed.他夜以继日地工作为的是取得成功。
提醒
目的状语从句的谓语中常含有may，might，can，could，will，would等情态动词。
五、结果状语从句
从属连词 示例
so…that“如此……以至
于”（so修饰形容词） She is so lovely that we all love her.
她如此可爱，以至于我们都喜欢她。
such…that“如此……以
至于”（such修饰名
词） She is such a lovely girl that we all love her.她是一
个如此可爱的女孩，以至于我们都喜欢她。
①
　　有时so…that…可以与such…that…相互转化，即“such a/an＋adj.＋可数名词
单数形式＋that从句”＝“so＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数形式＋that从句”。
拓展
　　　so…that与such…that的区别
She is so honest a girl that everybody believes her.＝She is such an honest girl that
everybody believes her.她是个诚实的女孩，每个人都喜欢她。
②so…that句型的否定形式可与too…to…或not…enough to…转化。
My brother is so young that he can’t go to school.＝My brother is too young to go to
school.＝My brother is not old enough to go to school.我弟弟太小了，不能去上学。
六、让步状语从句
从属连词 说明 示例
although/though
虽然，尽管 一般情况下可互换使
用，只是although语气
较重，大多置于句
首。可以与yet连用，
但不与but连用 Although/Though Mike didn’t win
the race， he was still wearing a
smile on his face.虽然迈克赛跑没
有赢，但是他仍然面带微笑。
从属连词 说明 示例
even though/even if意
为“尽管，即使” 表示语气更强的让步 We’ll go on a picnic even if/even
though the weather is bad.即使天
气不好，我们也要去野餐。
从属连词 说明 示例
wh－ever类引导词
（whatever，whenever， wherever，
whoever，
however，
whichever） wh－ever引导让步状语从句时，常可换成“no matter＋相应的wh－词” Whenever I’m unhappy， it is my
parents who cheer me up.（＝No
matter when I’m unhappy，it is
my parents who cheer me up.）不
管什么时候我不高兴，总是我的
父母使我高兴起来。
警示
although/though“虽然”，引导让步状语从句；but“但是”，连接并列复合句。两
者也不能同时出现在一个句子里，只能用其一。但although/though和yet可以同时出
现在一个句子里（此时yet作副词用）。
Although the traffic was heavy，we got to the railway station on time.（√）
The traffic was heavy， but we got to the railway station on time.（√）
Although the traffic was heavy， but we got to the railway station on time.（×）
七、地点状语从句
　　引导地点状语从句的从属连词有where和wherever。
He lives where he was born.
他住在他出生的地方。
宾语从句
　　在句中起宾语作用的从句叫作宾语从句。宾语从句可以作及物动词的
宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。有些形容词如afraid， sorry， sure， glad，
worried等，在句中作表语时，其后也可以接宾语从句。
Sandy asks if/whether orange can cheer her up.桑迪问橙色是否能使她高兴起
来。[九上－Unit 2]
I do not know how I should deal with the problem.我不知道该如何处理这个问
题。[九上－Unit 3]
一、宾语从句的连接词
连接词 用法 示例
that 无词义，只起连接作用，可省略 He said（that）his brother was good
at swimming.他说他弟弟擅长游泳。
what，who，
whom，
whose， which
等连接代词 在从句中作主语、宾
语、定语等 Nobody knows what will happen in
the future.没有人知道未来会发生
什么。
连接词 用法 示例
when，
where， why，
how等 连接副词 在从句中作状语 Could you tell me where they live？
你能告诉我他们住在哪里吗？
if/whether 意为“是否”，不作
句子成分，但不能省
略 He asked if/whether I could go there
with him.他问我是否能跟他去那
里。
易错点
只能用whether的情况
①介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether引导。
I’m interested in whether he likes English.
我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
②在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用
whether。
Let me know whether or not he will come.
让我知道他是否能来。
③在不定式前用whether。
He hasn’t decided whether to visit the old man.
他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。
④宾语从句置于句首时，只能用whether。
Whether it rains or snows， I don’t care.
无论是下雨还是下雪，我都不在乎。
二、宾语从句的时态
　　含宾语从句的主从复合句，主句、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以
下三点。
1. 如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句，从句的谓语
动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。
I don’t know when he will come back.
我不知道他将何时回来。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
2. 如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选
用过去时态，即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某
一种形式。
The children didn’t know who he was.
孩子们不知道他是谁。
I thought that you would be free today.
我原以为你今天有空的。
3. 如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作
等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。
三、宾语从句的语序
　　宾语从句的语序必须是陈述句语序，即主语＋谓语（＋宾语）/主语＋
系动词＋表语。
I wonder where he lives.我想知道他住在哪里。
I don’t know if/whether he is right.我不知道他是否正确。
妙记
宾语从句是重点，三类引导词最关键；
引导词that很常见，在句中可省略不见，
if、whether表是否，通常情况可互换。
连接代词和副词，陈述语序记心间。
主句是现在时态，从句时态不受限；
主句是过去时态，时态后退不要乱。
四、宾语从句的简化
1. 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope，
decide， agree等时，从句可以简化为不定式结构。
I don’t know how I should deal with the presents.＝I don’t know how to deal
with the presents.我不知道该怎么处理这些礼物。
2. 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，主句的谓语动词是know，
remember， forget， learn等，且宾语从句由what， who， which， when，
where等引导时，可以把宾语从句简化为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。
The robot no longer knew when it should cook breakfast.[九下－Unit 3]＝The
robot no longer knew when to cook breakfast.机器人不再知道什么时候该做早
餐了。
3. 当主句的谓语动词是ask， tell， show， teach等，且宾语从句的主语和主
句的间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可以简化为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。
Can you tell me how I can get to the bank？＝Can you tell me how to get to the
bank？ 你能告诉我怎样才能到达银行吗？
4. 在“及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”中，若宾语是宾语从句，则通常放
在宾语补足语后，而用形式宾语it代替宾语从句并放在原来的位置上。
I found it necessary that we should build a bridge here.我觉得我们有必要在这
里建一座桥。
5. 有时，也可以用“宾语＋宾语补足语”将含宾语从句的复合句转化为简
单句。
He found that his flat was in a complete mess.
＝He found his flat in a complete mess.[九下－Unit 3]他发现他的公
寓一团糟。
五、宾语从句的否定前移
　　宾语从句跟在think， believe， suppose， expect等动词后，主句时态为
一般现在时，且主句主语是第一人称（I， we），若宾语从句表示否定意
义，习惯上要将否定前移到主句的谓语动词前，即：I/We don’t
think/believe/suppose/expect＋宾语从句，这种情况称之为“否定前移”；变
反意疑问句时，附加问句要与从句一致。
提醒
“否定前移”的4个常用词
我认为（think）猜想（suppose）不可相信（believe），我期待着
（expect）你的回答。
I think you are right.我认为你是对的。
→I don’t think you are right.我认为你是不对的。
→I don’t think he is clever， is he？ 我认为他不聪明，是吗？
拓展
　　若主句的主语是第二、三人称，变否定句时，要在从句上否定；变反意疑问
句时，附加句要与主句一致。
They think you are right.他们认为你是对的。
→They think you are not right.他们认为你是对的。
→They think you are right， don’t they？ 他们认为你是对的，不是吗？
定语从句
　　在主从复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常
放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，用来进一步说明该名词或代词的特征、属
性、状态、性质等。定语从句通常由关系代词（that，who， whom，
which， whose）和关系副词（when、where、why）引导，这些关系代词在
从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分，关系副词作状语。
初高衔接
限制性定
语从句 对先行词起修饰、限制作用，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果
省略，所修饰的先行词往往不明确，因此前面不用逗号
非限制性
定语从句 为先行词提供补充信息，起附加说明作用，即使去掉也不会影
响先行词的明确性，常用逗号与主句隔开；除用于对具体事物
补充信息外，还可以是针对整个主句内容的说明
We knew the scientist who had studied the problem.我们知道那个研究过该问
题的科学家。（若把从句去掉，则不知道是哪位科学家）
We knew the physical scientist Hawking， who had studied the problem.我们知
道物理学家霍金，他研究过该问题。（若把从句去掉，仍然知道是哪位科
学家）
Laura couldn’t come to our party， which was a pity.劳拉不能来参加我们的聚
会，这真遗憾。（针对整个主句内容的说明）
一、关系代词的用法
关系代词 所作成分 指代对象 示例
that， who， whom （只作 宾语） 主语， 宾语 指人 I met a man who/that speaks five
languages.我遇到了一个会说五种语言的
人。
Mrs.Jones is the person who/whom you
should wait for.琼斯太太就是那个你应该
等的人。
A detective is someone who looks for clues
to something important.侦探是寻找重要线
索的人。[九上－Unit 8]
关系代词 所作成分 指代对象 示例
that， which 主语， 宾语 指物 I like apples that/which are red.我喜欢红色的苹果。
whose 定语 指人/物 He’s a man whose opinion I respect.他是我尊重其意见的人。
It’s the house whose door is painted red.这就是那所门涂成红色的房子。
拓展
　　①在定语从句中，关系代词who， which和that作动词的宾语时，通常可
以省略。
The pen （that/which）I bought yesterday is on the desk.我昨天买的那支
钢笔在书桌上。
　　②关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式应
与先行词一致。先行词是单数时，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数时，从
句的谓语动词用复数。
After school， she often helps the students who are not good at Maths.放学后，她经常
帮助不擅长数学的学生。
The student who is standing at the door is from Nanjing.站在门口的那个学
生来自南京。
易错点
宜用that不用which的情况
①先行词是all， little， much， any， everything， nothing， something，
anything，none等（不定）代词且指物或被all、little、much、few、every、
any、no等修饰时。
All the students that are present will take the test.所有在场的学生都
要参加考试。
②先行词前有the last、the only、the very、the right、the same等词修饰时。
The only thing that matters is to find our way home.唯一要紧的是找到我们回
家的路。
③先行词是形容词最高级或被序数词或最高级修饰时。
The first job that I found was to be a cleaner.我找到的第一份工作是当一名清
洁工。
④当先行词既有人又有物时。
We are talking about the people and the places that we have visited in a
countryside.我们正在谈论在乡下拜访过的人和参观过的地方。
⑤当主句是以what（about）、which开头的疑问句时。
Which is the book that you want to buy？
你想买的是哪一本书？
考点突破
考点1　状语从句
1. （2024无锡）Everyone loves my dog Coffee， he often makes a mess
at home.
A. until B. since
C. though D. whether
C　
2. （2024连云港） Our school life is more interesting now we can enjoy
ourselves in different clubs.
A. because B. whether
C. unless D. although
3. （2024常州）Practice is very important. You will forget the new
words you often use them.
A. when B. unless
C. if D. until
A　
B　
4. （2024无锡惠山省锡中实验学校一模） What a hot day！ Food will go bad
quickly we put it into the fridge.
A. before B. although
C. while D. unless
5. （2024徐州邳州运河中学一模） I will do what I can about these
problems all of them are solved out.
A. whenever B. as soon as
C. after D. until
D　
D　
6. （2024扬州广陵一模）It has been about two years the young man
became a soldier.
A. when B. before C. since D. as
7. （2024南京雨花台二模）－I am nervous about the football match.
－Take it easy. You will get a good result you keep training hard.
A. unless B. though
C. as D. before
C　
C　
8. （2024南通海安十三校联考二模）－It’s said that Beijing Duck is
very delicious.
－Well， we are here， why not have a try？
A. though B. unless
C. since D. before
9. （2024扬州文津中学二模）If you miss this chance， it must be
years you get another one.
A. since B. after
C. until D. before
C　
D　
考点2　宾语从句
10. （2024扬州）Teenagers don’t always understand their parents have so
many rules.
A. why B. which
C. where D. what
A　
11. （2024镇江）I know you’ve bought a book about Mars. I wonder .
A. where can I buy one
B. that it cost thirty－five yuan
C. when you will finish reading it
D. who you will borrow one from
C　
12. （2024常州）－Could you tell me ？
－Sorry， I’ve never had a home robot before. Why not read the instructions
first？
A. where can I buy a home robot
B. where I can buy a home robot
C. how can I turn the home robot on
D. how I can turn the home robot on
D　
13. （2024宿迁）－Miss Song， I haven’t decided .
－I really hope you will visit it. It’s a good chance to learn about the history of
our city.
A. how will I go to Suqian Museum
B. how I will go to Suqian Museum
C. whether will I go to Suqian Museum
D. whether I will go to Suqian Museum
D　
14. （2024连云港）－John， can you tell me in the future？　
－I want to be a football player.
A. what will you do B. where will you go
C. what you will do D. where you will go
C　
15. （2024常州新北北郊中学一模） Changzhou is a popular city with a long
history. Could you tell me ？
A. where can visitors enjoy delicious Changzhou snacks
B. when I can visit the Tianning Temple
C. how will people get to China Dinosaur Park
D. why was the city also called Yanling in ancient times
B　
16. （2024南京鼓楼一模）－Would you like to enjoy the folk dance drama A
Dream of Red Mansions with me？
－I’d love to. Could you please tell me ？
A. when will the show begin
B. who the dancers were
C. how long the show will last
D. what the show was like
C　
17. （2024南京市联合体一模） This famous saying “When I walk along with
two others， they may serve me as my teachers.” tells us .
A. how should we behave B. who we can learn from
C. why do we need teachers D. what we can say in public
B　
18. （2024南京秦淮一模）－I want to know .
－Maybe Kexiang Alley is a good place to go.
A. why I can buy some tasty Nanjing snacks
B. how can I buy some tasty Nanjing snacks
C. when can I buy some tasty Nanjing snacks
D. where I can buy some tasty Nanjing snacks
D　
19. （2024南京鼓楼二模）“We have forgotten how to be good guests and
how to walk lightly on the earth as other living things do.” The sentence tells
us .
A. why should we take care of the earth
B. what we can do to improve our manners
C. whether we are rude to other living things
D. that it is important to protect the environment
D　
20. （2024南京秦淮二模）－Could you please tell me ？
－You can go there by underground. It’s very beautiful.
A. where Jiming Temple is
B. how I can get to Jiming Temple
C. what I can see in Jiming Temple
D. how long it takes to get to Jiming Temple
B　
21. （2024南通海安十三校联考二模）－If I am curious about
Haian’s local culture， could you tell me ？
－Haian Museum would be a wonderful place.
A. where can I travel
B. which place my first choice is
C. how I can go to Haian Museum
D. if Haian Museum would be a wonderful place to visit
B　
22. （2024徐州邳州二模）－Mr. Wu has recommended many books. Have
you decided ？
－Yes. This Saturday.
A. how you’d like to borrow them
B. which you’d like to read first
C. when you’d like to buy them
D. where you’d like to find them
C　
23. （2024徐州三模）James shows great interest in space exploration， so he
would like to know .
A. which foreign language he’d better learn
B. how he can develop his creative thinking ability
C. when foldable smartphones will be common products
D. what scientists have discovered on the far side of the moon
D　
24. （2023常州）Could you tell me something about Qu Qiubai？ I need to
know about .
A. how many books did he publish
B. that he studied and worked in Russia
C. which part of Changzhou did he live in
D. what foreign languages he could speak
D　
25. （2023南通）－Mike， your first Dragon Boat Festival in China is
coming.Shall we celebrate it together？
－I’d love to， but could you tell me ？
A. what is the meaning of the festival
B. where we would have the celebration
C. how you usually celebrate the festival
D. when is this year’s Dragon Boat Festival
C　
26. （2023无锡）－You know ？ In 12 hours！
－That’s crazy. How is it even possible？
A. how soon we must finish the task
B. how often we must finish the task
C. how soon must we finish the task
D. how often must we finish the task
A　
27. （2023无锡）Hey， Aunt Jenny！ It’s you！ I didn’t expect you
over.What a nice surprise！
A. had come B. have come
C. would come D. will come
C　
考点3　定语从句
28. （2024徐州邳州运河中学一模）－She is an excellent coach .
－Yes. She’s good at teaching.
A. whom helps us get good grades
B. which make our marks improve a lot
C. that have great influence on the test
D. who knows how to get results
D　
29. （2024徐州邳州一模）－Which one is your Maths teacher？
－Over there！ The tall man wears a pair of round glasses.
A. who B. which C. what D. where
30. （2024徐州新沂一模）Four Springs is a documentary film tells a
family’s daily life in the small town in Guizhou in Southwest China.
A. where B. who
C. which D. when
A　
C　
31. （2024徐州撷秀中学三模）Is this factory you visited last week？
A. that B. where
C. the one D. in which
C