中考英语二轮复习——宾语从句与定语从句+首字母专题之动词学案

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
授课类型 宾语从句+ 定语从句 首字母解题技巧+动词 （综合（ 一模））
教学内容
宾语从句专题知识梳理概念：在复合句中充当宾语成分的句子就叫宾语从句，基本句式为“主句+连接词+宾语从句”。题型特点：在中考当中的考查题型为选择题及句型转换题，分值一般为3-4分左右，主要围绕宾从的三要素，语序，时态，连接词进行考察。宾从也可以在写作中适当使用，进行文采的提高。知识点1： 引导词1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is 3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如： I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.中考考点---if和whether的区别if/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词，意为“是否”，在一般情况下可以互换。if多用于口语和非正式文体中，whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。如：e.g. She asked me if/whether I could help her with her English. I don’t know if/whether it is going to rain.只用whether的情况：1）在带to的动词不定式前He doesn’t know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home.2） 在介词后I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing.3） 直接与or not连用时I don’t know whether or not they will come to help us.4） 在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中We discussed whether would have a sports meeting next week.5） 宾语从句提前时只能用whetherWhether this is true or not, I can’t say.6） 引导位于句首的主语从句或表语从句用whether Whether he is right or wrong is a question.知识点2：语序在含宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾从一定要用陈述句的语序，其标点符号由主句来决定。因此当宾语从句是由whether\if 或者特殊疑问词引导时，因将其原来的疑问句语序还原为陈述句的语序。知识点3：时态主句宾语从句一般现在时一切时态一般过去时过去范畴的某一时态（一般过去时；过去进行时；过去完成时；过去将来时）e.g. She says （that）：she often goes to school on foot ; she went to school on foot yesterday ; she will go to school on foot tomorrow; she is eating an apple now .she has eaten the apple ……e.g. She said （that）: she often went to school on foot ; she went to school on foot the day before ; she would go to school on foot the next day ; she was eating an apple then . she had eaten the apple ……知识点4：特殊情况1.当宾语从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时，主句不管是什么时态，从句只能用一般现在时。eg. She said (that) the sun rises in the east. She told me (that) knowledge is power.2.当主句是：Could you… \ Would you …表示建议或者请求的句型时，主句的时态是一般现在时，从句时态不限定。e.g. Would you tell me what you want to eat Could you tell me how he will come tomorrow 3.当疑问代词在宾语从句中作宾语，从句语序不需要改变，如what’s the problem/ what’s the matter/ what’s up/ what’s wrong表示“怎么了”.。e.g. I don’t know what’s the problem/ what’s the matter/ what’s up/ what’s wrong.二、同步题型分析例1：“Who is responsible for the food safety problem asked the reporter. (改为宾语从句) The reporter asked ________ _________ responsible for the food safety problem.解析：本题先根据特殊疑问句，因此直接使用特殊疑问词who 引导宾从，根据主语谓语asked 过去时，因此，从句的一般现在时改为一般过去时，因此本题答案为 who was。例2："Is it the first boys-only school in the city " asked a parent. (改为宾语从句) A parent asked _______ it _________ the first boys-only school in the city.解析：本题根据原题一般疑问句，因此连接词使用if/whether，同时，主语谓语动词为asked，从句的时态由一般现在时改为一般将来时，因此本题答案为 if/whether was。例3： Are there any new markets in Asia The sales manager wants to know. (合为一句) The sales manager wants to know____ there____any new markets in Asia.解析：本题根据原题一般疑问句，因此连接词使用if/whether，同时，主句为一般现在时，从句时态不需要改变，因此本题答案为 if/whether are。例4：I want to know______________. A) when we should arrive at the airportB) when should we arrive at the airport C) when the airport we should arrive at D) when the airport should we arrive at解析：选择题中宾语从句的做题技巧从两方面出发，一个是语序，一个使时态。本题根据陈述语序便可排除B、D选项，C项宾语位置错误，因此正确答案为A。例5：Could you please tell us _________ in Shanghai A) when will you visit the World Expo B)when you will visit the World ExpoC) when the World Expo will you visit D) when the World Expo you will visit 解析：本题结合宾语从句考察，本题需要注意could you please只表示委婉语气，不表示过去时态，同时根据陈述语序进行排除，因此本题选B。三、专题过关一、单项选择( ) 1. I don’t think he will come here on time, A. won’t he B. will he C. does he D. is he( ) 2. Will you please tell me A. where Pudong Airport is B. how far Pudong Airport wasC. how can we get to Pudong Airport D. when was Pudong Airport built( ) 3. It’s not polite to ask people in England. A. how much money you have got B. what the weather is likeC. what your city looks like D. how old are you( ) 4. I wonder if he tonight. If he , I’ll let you know. A. will come; will come B. comes; comesC. will come; comes D. comes; will come( ) 5. I can’t say I want to see him again. We haven’t seen each other for nearly three years. A. how long B. how soon C. how often D. how much( ) 6. Mr. Green told me that he on a trip next Sunday. A. are going B. was going C. will go D. would going( ) 7. Our geography teacher told us that Japan the east of China. A. is in B. was in C. is to D. was to( ) 8. Nobody knows he’ll come or not. A. that B. if C. / D. whether二、用所给动词的正确形式填空：1、I won't return the book to the library because I _______ (not finish) reading it.2、As soon as he saw me, he _______ to speak to me. (stop)3、I hope he _______ (come) back in a week.4、It _______ (rain) hard when I got to the factory this morning.5、The old man told the children _______ (not walk) in the rice fields.6、He told me he _______ (help) her with her math the next evening.7、She said they _______ (know) each other for quite some time.8、If it _______ (not rain) tomorrow, we _______ (visit) the People's Museum.9、John _______ (write) something when I _______ (go) to see him.10、Our teacher told us that light _______ (travel) much faster than sound.三、按要求改写句子1. “Do you want to try something new ” Tom’s mother asked him. (改为复合句,句意不变) Tom’s mother asked him to try something new.2. Could you tell me the way to the station (改写句子,句意不变) Could you tell me to the station 3. “I have finished my homework.” John told me. (改为复合句,句意不变) John told me that homework.4. I don’t know how I can reach the zoo. (改为简单句) I don’t know the zoo.Keys: 一、1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. B 6.B 7.C 8. D 二、1、haven't finished 2、stopped 3、will come 4、was raining 5、not to walk 6、would help 7、had known 8、doesn't rain, will visit 9、was writing, went 10、travels 三、1. if he wanted 2.how can I get to 3.he had finished his 4. how to get to 四、学法提炼关于宾语从句应注意事项：熟练掌握宾语从句三大要素：语序、时态、连接词注意特殊情况，如：Could you please/ Would you please 表示委婉语气，不影响时态；从句表示客观事实或真理，从句时态使用一般现在时，不受主句时态的影响；与or/or not连用，只用whether，不用if；当疑问代词在宾语从句中作宾语，从句语序不需要改变，如what’s the problem等。一、定语从句专题知识梳理概念：在句中作定语的句子，它修饰一个名词或代词，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句。这个被修饰的名词、代词叫做先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词 ( http: / / baike. / view / 200887.htm" \t "_blank )或关系副词 ( http: / / baike. / view / 149.htm" \t "_blank )）引出。定语从句的引导词：关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有：when, where, why等知识点1：关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1.who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。e.g. Is he the man who/that wants to see you 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2.whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。e.g. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.　那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green.　请递给我那本绿皮的书。3.which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。e.g. A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） 知识点2：关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。e.g.There are occasions when （on which） one must yield.　任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。　 Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born.　北京是我的出生地。知识点3：判断关系代词与关系副词 1.用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。e.g. This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。　 2.准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。e.g.例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age 　 A. where　B. that　 C. on which　 D. the one例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.　 A. where　B. that　 C. on which　　D. the one答案：例1 D，例2 A知识点4：限制性和非限制性定语从句1.定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。e.g. This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）　　 The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。e.g. Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.　我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。　3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。e.g. He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。　　Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。知识点5：关系代词that 的用法不用that的情况引导非限定性定语从句时及介词后不能用that。　　　　 2．只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况1）在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。2）　在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词 时，只用that，不用which。3）　先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。　 4）　先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.5）　先行词既有人，又有物时。e.g. All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。　 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。二、专题精讲(备注：中考并不考察定语从句，针对定语从句的考察主要是在一些阅读中，以及平时的日校试卷练习中，还有写作中要求程度中上的学生使用定从的表达来提高文采，因此这部分省略)三、专题过关一、选择填空 ( )1.The man ____ was a friend of mine.A. that you just talked to B. whom you just talked to himC. who you just talked to him D. which you just talked to ( )2.This is the best film ____has been shown this year.A. who B. that C. which D. when( )3.Finally, the thief handed everything ____ he had stolen to the police.A. which B. what C. that D. in where( )4.Mr. Li told us the novels and writers ____ interested himA. what B. who C. that D. which( )5.My father still remembers the day ___ he joined the army.A. when B. which C. to which D. from which( )6.I’ll never forget the summer holidays ____ we play together.A. when B. in which C. which D. how( )7This is the place _____I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which ( )8.The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.A. who B. where C. what D. that( )9.I hate people _______ talk much but do little.A. whose B. whom C. which D. who( )10.—Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher —Oh! It’s Mr. Baker, our maths teacher.A. he B. that C. whom D. which( )11.I know the man with _____ you are talking on the phone .A. who B. which C. that D. whom( )12.George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.A. who B. whom C. he D. which( )13. —Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees —Yes, he does.A. which B. whose C. where D. who( )14.Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.A. that B. which C. why D. when( )15.The moon is a world ___there is no life.A. that B. which C. where D. why( )16.He has forgotten the day ___ he arrived.A. on when B. where C. that D. on which( )17.He still remembers the days ______ he stayed with your family.A. when B. where C. that D. which( )18.Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.A. who B. that C. whose D. which( )19.He got to the village in _______ his family once lived before liberation(解放).A. that B. which C. when D. where( )20.This is the house ______ I want to buy.A. in which B. that C. whose D. where二关系词填空1. The skirt ________ is made of silk is very expensive. I can’t afford it.2. Two years has passed, but Chinese people still remember those exciting days ________ they spent during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.3. They rushed over to help the man __________ car had broken down.4. I have told you everything ___________ I know about it.5. Please pass me the book _________ cover is green.6. ---Do you know Yao Ming ---Yes. He’s a basketball player ________ is very famous in the world.7. The reason _________ I am late is that the traffic is terrible .8. The farm _________ my parents work is very big . 9. The factory _________ Mr. Wang owns locates in the east of the city .10. Do you remember the day _________ you met Jack in the street Keys : 一 1-5 ABCCA 6-10 ADDDB 11-15 DADCC 16 -20 DACBB 二 which\that ; which \ that \ 不填 ; whose ; that ; whose ; who ; why ; where ; that \ which \ 不填;when 四、学法提炼关于定语从句注意事项：1.关系代词的判断步骤:首先，要看先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系代词可用 who, whom, that。如果先行词指物,关系代词可用which, that; 不管先行词指人还是指物，在定语从句中是所有格的关系就用whose然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词 主格（不能省）宾格(可省略) 所有格 人 who, that（who/whom/that） whose 物 which, that（which/that） whose, of which2.关系副词的判断步骤:还是要先看先行词。如果先行词在从句中充当时间状语用 when或介词+which ; 充当地点状语用where或介词+which; 充当原因状语用why或介词+which 。能力培养（原夺宝奇兵环节）1.宾语从句的知识点复习和再次梳理（由学生进行知识点复习巩固）语序：时态：连接词：2.定语从句的知识点复习和再次梳理（看学生的程度，不同学生有不同层次的对于定从掌握的要求）重点：关系代词和关系副词的选用：只用that的情况：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：二、能力检测（原斩妖除魔环节）1.宾从练习（ ）1.Excuse me, could you please tell me ____________ A.when will the film start B.how much the ticket would costC.where does this bus go D.which gate is open（ ）2.The class teacher asked the monitor_______________. A.why was Jeff late for school B.why Jeff was late for schoolC.why is Jeff late for school D.why Jeff is late for school（ ）3.Rose wondered _______ the new mobile phone. A.how much would she pay for B.how much will she pay forC.how much she would pay for D.how much she will pay for（ ）4.Please tell us _________________.A.when will the winter vocation start B.when the winter vocation will startC.when does the winter vocation start D.when did the winter vocation start（ ）5.Could you tell me ______________ A.how often do you see a film B.who they are staying withC.where did he live D.what is she doing now（ ）6.Could you tell me what day __________ the Palace Museum for free A.can elementary and high school students visit B.could elementary and high school students visitC.elementary and high school students can visitD.elementary and high school students could visit（ ）7.Do you know how long _______ to leave Shanghai for Tokyo A.does it take you B.will it take you C.it takes you D.you take it （ ）8.I didn’t understand _______in class, so I raised my hand to ask.A.what my teacher said B.what did my teacher sayC.how did my teacher say D.how my teacher said（ ）9.My English Teacher asked me _____________A.why Jane hasn’t watched the game B.why hasn’t Jane watched the gameC.why Jane hadn’t watched the game D.why hadn’t Jane watched the game（ ）10.Tom told me ________this afternoon.A.he is going to watch a ball gameB.he was going to have a meetingC.if he is going to see a filmD.if he was going to take a walk（ ）11.Could you tell me ____________ A. where were you at seven last nightB. how’s your memory-improvement courseC. when you had seen the performanceD. if there are three kinds of memory（ ）12.Do you know ______________？A.when he has come B.why he didn’t comeC.if he comes tomorrow D.whom is he looking for（ ）13.Mary’s aunt has no idea______________.A.where can she go B.which skirt she should buyC.what she had said D.when will she leave for Beijing（ ）14.The class teacher wanted to know _____________.A.what does Alan do last weekend B.what Alan does last weekendC.what did Alan do last weekend D.What Alan did last weekend（ ）15.I’m interested in ____________.A.how he opened the door without a key B.where did they come backC.whether he would invite Jack to his party next weekendD.how many books you had read（ ）16.Father asked me ________________.A.what I had done in school B.what had I done in schoolC.what I have done in school D.what have I done in schoolKeys:1-5 D B C B B 6-10 C C A C B 11-16 D B B D AA 1.定从练习1. A football fan(球迷) is _____ has a strong interest in football.　　 A. a thing that B. something that C. a person who D. what　2. The house, _____ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired.　　 A. the roof of which B. which roof C. its roof D. the roof　3. Can you lend me the novel _____ the other day 　　 A. that you talked B. you talked about it　　 C. which you talked with D. you talked about　4. The matter _____ you were arguing about last night has been settled.　　 A. that B. what C. why D. for which　5. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the school.　　 A. which B. that C. who D. whom　6. Who _____ has common sense(常识) will do such a thing 　　 A. which B. who C. whom D. that　7. All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs.　　 A. that B. those C. which D. what　8. They asked him to tell them everything _____ he saw at the front.　　 A. what B. that C. which D. where　9. I'll tell you _____ he told me last night.　　 A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all　10. A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan.　　 A. who B. who's C. whose D. whichKeys:1-5 CADAB 6-10 DABDC三、能力点评 四、学法总结1. 知识收获1）宾语从句学习2）定语从句的基础学习2. 方法总结1）熟练掌握宾从三要素，学会从语序，时态和连接词进行宾从习题的练习和正确选择2）掌握基本的定从的概念，关系词的选择和使用课后作业作业1：1. I don't know________. A. where does he come from B. what is his nameC. how old he is D. when will he leave 2. —Did Mr White tell you________ —Yes. He said he went there in 2003.A. when he traveled to Tibet B. how he goes to WuhanC. where he spent his holidays D. why did he visit Kunming 3. —Do you know________ now —In the People's Hotel.A. where is Tom working B. where did Tom workC. where Tom is working D. where Tom worked 4. —Will you please show me how to do the role-play exercise —Sure. Now let me tell you ________ first. A. which to do B. how to do C. when to do D. what to do 5. —I don't know________ to do with this maths problem. It's too hard.—You can ask your classmates or teachers for help. A. which B. how C. what D. when 6. —Do you know________the MP3 player last week —Sony, I have no idea. A. how much did she pay for B. how much will she pay forC. how much she paid for D. how much she will pay for 7. —Could you tell me________ —Yes. To take back my dictionary. A. why did you come here B. when do you come hereC. why you came here D. when you come here 8. —Could you tell me________ tomorrow morning —Well, it will start at 9:00 o'clock. A. when the meeting will start B. where will the meeting startC. where the meeting starts D. when the meeting would start 9. —Are you going to buy a camera — Yes. But there're so many kinds that I can't decide________ to buy. A. What B. which C. how D. where 10. Who can tell me________ at the meeting A. what he said B. he said whatC. what did he say D. how he said 11. My aunt forgot________.A. where she first met John B. where did she first meet JohnC. where she first meets John D. where does she first meet John 12. Don't lose heart! I'm sure you can get________ through hard work.A. what you want B. why you wantC. where you want D. how you want 13. —Is the girl________ is interviewing the manager of that company your friend —Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV. A. whom B. which C. who D, whose 14. —Doctor, it seems________ you like to work with animals.—Yes, I think animals should________ as our friends. A. that; regard B. that; be regardedC. what; regard D. What; be regarded 15. Please tell me________. A. how many days are there in a week B. what novel is thatC. how old you are D. what's your name Keys:1-5 ：CACDC 6-10: CCABA 11-15 AACBC作业 2： 1. We should learn from those are always ready to help others.A. who B. whom C. they D. that2. Tom is the only one of the students who to Shanghai.A. have gone B. have been C. has been D. had gone3. I, your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A. who is B. who am C. that is D. which am4. The old man has two sons, are lawyers.A. both of them B. both of who C. both of whom D. both of they5. The man has gone to Japan.A. whom I told you B. that I told youC. whom I told you about him D. I told you about6. Please pass me the dictionary cover is black.A. which B. its C. whose D. which of7. The radio set last week has been out of order.A. I bought B. I bought it C. which I bought it D. what I bought8. This is the biggest lab we have ever built in our university.A. which B. what C. that D. where9. Air, we breathe every day, is around us all the time.A. that B. / C. which D. it10. This is the museum we saw an exhibition the other day.A. that B. which C. where D. in that11. This museum is you visited the other day.A. that B. which C. where D. the one12. This is the museum you saw the other day.A. that B. where C. in which D. in that13. It is the third time late this month.A. that you arrived B. when you arrivedC. that you've arrived D. when you've arrived14. Have you ever been to Shanghai, I left ten years ago A. where B. which C. that D. when15. This is the very place I'm wishing to live in.A. where B. which C. that D. in whichKeys: 1-5 AC BCD 6-10 CACCC 11-15 DACBC 一、专题知识梳理 1.首字母填空类短文题是近几年中考试题经常采用的题型之一，因为它有非常好的信度和效度，又能拉开考生间的分差、提高区分度。这种题型属于能力测试的范畴，它考查的范围极广，可以是英语知识的方方面面，还可能涉及其它学科。2.它要求考生在充分理解短文的基础上将单词拼写出来，并且单词形式合理，符合语法规范，符合短文需要。这种试题的首字母已给，所填的就必须是该字母开头的单词。这既是一种限制，又是一种提示。3.向学生明确这5大词类，是缩小答案范围；同时也突出了词性是解决首字母填空题的关键。二、专题精讲台阶式解题法： 台阶一：掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系。通过对单一成分的分类练习，掌握该句子成分与何种词性相对应。词性正确是答案正确的前提。批注：词性和句子成分在解答首字母填空题时很重要。如果学生可以判断出一个句子缺少了什么成分，而又知道该种句子成分由何种词性的词汇可以充当，这样可以大大缩小选择范围，也可以避免一些语法错误。以下是详细的讲解及训练。对主语的判断But as it was her turn to join, a c 90 took place in her team. The w__89__ , Sushil Kumar, is 27 years old. He works as a computer operator in a government office.Their total l___89___ would even be longer than the famous Great wall, which is about 4000 miles. Every year, the n 71 of crimes goes up and up. They often come from sad homes, with only one parent or no parents at all. There are problems with drugs. (毒品) (2009一模)Another r 88 might be the change of lifestyle (生活方式). (崇明一模)Keys: 1) change 2) winner 3) length 4) number 5) reason 批注：由于做篇章式样的首字母填空时会受到前后逻辑关系的影响，会加大填空难度。因此这里遵循由易入难的原则，先从单一的句子开始做起。这里需要学生发挥想象力来填充，题目难度比较低，不存在理解困难。做完让学生自己做个总结，哪些词性可以充当主语：名词、动名词、代词、数词等。2) 对谓语的判断1.Vegetables and fruits are very important because they p 88 necessary vitamins and minerals (矿物质) . （ 卢湾一模）2. When he r__92__ the blanket from the fire, there was a cloud of smoke. The number of clouds of smoke told his message in code.（ 浦东一模）3."They are loyal, funny and loving. They seldom complain and always o 86 their owners," said Mary Smith of Washington D.C. （普陀一模）4.Who would put trash(垃圾) in the middle of the street Brian n 88 all the other trash in the street and on sidewalks. He explained to Carla how much he hated litter and how lazy it was to be a "Jitterbug" (垃圾虫). （ 青浦一模）5.An Indian office worker has b__88__ the first person to win the＄1 million top prize on the Indian TV game show Who Wants to be a Millionaire. （闸北一模）Keys: 1)provide 2).removed 3)obey 4)noticed 5)become 批注：通过这些例题去了解谓语都是由哪些词性来充当的：只有动词是可以的。由于文章中涉及到直接英语和间接引语，学生可以发现动词的时态在填空时需要关注。3) 对宾语的判断1. It was very exciting when I opened my presents. There were lots of wonderful games, but I was really happy when I saw a t 87 for a space flight! （普陀一模）2. In online communication at least, entering untrue details about name or age may no longer prevent others from working out exactly w 86 you are. （浦东一模）3. In fact, it's not good to hide your anger, and it's normal for you to get angry sometimes. But anger must be let out in the right way, without hurting o 89 or yourself. Let me give you some advice. （奉贤一模）4. It is not a shame to tell o 92 that you are having a hard time. They may comfort (安慰) you or give you some useful advice. You may feel better from sharing your problems with them. （金山二模）Keys: 1)ticket 2)who 3)others 4). others 解析：讲解充当宾语成分的词性时，需要和主语对比着讲解，基本上可以充当主语的词性都可以充当宾语，如：名词、代词、动名词、数词等。4) 对表语的判断 1．In 1864, a group of artists became a ___88____ because they didn’t get into the show. （虹口二模）2. “It’s really s___87_____---we’re in the middle of one of the biggest cities in the world, but in these hutongs it feels as if we are in a village in the countryside. （徐汇二模）3. Family life, school learning and life experience can also make you the person you are. This doesn’t mean it’s i__89____ to change your personality. You can always try to make yourself better. （奉贤二模）4. When the parents come home, they are often very t____88____ from a hard day at work. Still, they have to take care of the children, cook, clean, wash clothes, shop, etc. （黄浦二模）5. When there is only one parent, of course the responsibilities of looking after the children are much h____89____ for him or her. They have to work out all the things by themselves. （黄浦二模）Keys: 1）angry 2）strange 3）impossible 4）tired 5）heavier/harder 批注：表语一般要放到系动词的后面，所以能正确识别系动词是关键。常见的系动词：感官动词（look, sound, smell, taste, feel+状态动词（be, seem, appear, stay, remain, keep）+动态系动词（get, become, grow, go, turn, fall, make）5) 对定语的判断 1. Today you can find v___90___ Hutongs with different shapes, lengths or directions. The shortest one is only 40 centimeters wide. And some Hutongs have more than 20 turns. （浦东二模）2. In the Northeast and Middle West, it is very hot at some times and very cold at other times. People in these states have more heart trouble because of the c____86____ weather in February or March. （闵行二模）3. What’s more important is that people love to watch highs and lows of the relationships in movies. Friendship has been the f___92___subject of movie makers for a long time. （奉贤二模）4.Friends make sacrifices (牺牲): In most of the movies, friends make sacrifices for each other. A g___97___example is “Sholay”. （奉贤二模） Keys: 1) various 2)changeable 3).first/favorite 4).good 解析：透过例子让学生总结出可以充当定语的词性：形容词、序数词、现在分词、过去分词。6) 对状语的判断1. Do you have sleeping problems Is it hard for you to remember or pay attention in class Do you get angry e 86 If your answer is yes, you may be under stress (压力). （金山二模）2. Next, you can read a book a__94: in a car, in a waiting-room, on a plane, in bed — even in the bath. All you need is a book! Reading is a convenient hobby as it is easy to stop and then start again. (2005上海中考)3. Some of her friends worked when school was finished for the day. So Cindy went to some of the stores and asked for work. She f___93___ got a job in a cafe. She was very happy. (黄浦二模)4. They can be the people who live next door or the mothers of our children's closest friends. Friends of convenience are convenient i___92___ .They'll help us when we need it. (闵行二模)Keys: 1）easily 2）anywhere 3) finally 4) indeed解析：透过例子让学生总结出可以充当状语的词性：副词（可以用于修饰动词、形容词和副词）7) 对连词的判断1. British teenagers can leave school at sixteen after taking their GCSE exams. They study for exams in as many as ten subjects, s______ they have to work pretty hard! 2. When I want to go anywhere in China, I just take my bicycle. Here in England, I have to get a bus everywhere. It’s really confusing b 90 buses don’t stop automatically like they do in Beijing. You have to put your hand out, ring the bell or press the signal button. 3. Opening the box, Oscar saw an umbrella inside—— a very old one with a beautifully carved handle. A__87__he had not seen it in more than 20 years, he recognized it immediately. Joe: In my eyes, top brand means top quality. So I love top brand products a___87__ they’re very expensive. 5. “I like eating duck neck very much and I often buy it on Taobao from shops in Wuhan. It’s much more delicious than w 90 our local stores sell,” said Zhang Xi, a girl in Yangzhou. keys: 1) so 2) because 3) Although 4) although 5) what 解析：老师需要引导学生透过句子和句子之间的关系判断逻辑关系，在平时的词汇学习中，也需要学生去总结每个字母开头的连词。台阶二：在牢记了七种句子成分与十种词性的对应关系之后，多做做综合的“用所给单词的正确形式填空”，提高对句子成分的判断能力。熟练掌握词性转化的技巧是通向首字母完形的第二步Fried food tastes quite good, but in fact it is ________ food. (health)Tom’s ______ made the people all over the world sad. (die)In some supermarkets you can easily choose the suitable ________ appliance. (electricity)With the development of our country, more and more people go abroad for further study and ________ visits. (educate)Let me ________ myself to everyone. (introduction)Jack’s parents are proud of his ________. (honest)Luckily, the man wasn’t ________ hurt. (bad)I saw a dog ________ (lie) in front of our house this morning.Keys: 1.unhealthy 2.death 3.electric 4.educational 5.introduce 6.honesty 7.badly 8.lying台阶三：锻炼自己的发散和归纳思维的能力，或称为“猜谜”的能力Exercise: Guess the missing word. 1. ________ are helpful to students. 2. ________ are helpful to students. They give them knowledge. 3. ________ are helpful to students. In class they teach them knowledge and after class they care for them like parents. 4. ________ are helpful to students. They keep them healthy. 解析：思维发散和逐步收缩是解答首字母填空的关键，是学生需要培养的能力。首先，只给出一句话，答案一般不会有一个，如上面的题目1，parents/teachers/books….都是正确的，可以说基本是无法穷尽的；题目2多了后面一条限制“They give them knowledge”,第一步的答案将会被删除掉很大一部分，这里parents/teachers/books还是正确的；题目3后面的限制使答案非常确定，就是teachers；回到问题4，要重新做个筛选，sports可以是正确的，但是parents/teachers/books就不正确了。 透过这组小练习，需要培养学生的解题习惯：发散思维，画个思维导图，想到很多可能性；根据后面的限制条件逐个筛选，直至选出最佳的答案为止。 台阶四：对词性、词义、词形的精确判断阶段，即综合运用阶段A driver stopped his car on a street side to have a rest. He lay down in the seat and c_____ his eyes. A man came up and k_____ at the window to ask the time. The driver o______ his eyes and looked at his watch. "It's 8 a.m." he said. Then he went to sleep again.But soon he woke up b________ a second person was knocking at the window. "Sir, do you have the time " he asked. The driver looked at his watch again, and told the man it was 8:30a.m.At this rate, he could not have a good rest, so he wrote a short n_______ and put it upon the window for all to see. It s_______: "I don't have the time. "Again the man lay down in the seat for his sleep. A few minutes later, a t______ person came along and began knocking at the window. “Hay, sir,” he said. "It is a quarter to nine."Keys: closed, knocked, opened, because, note, said, third.解析：练习的时候可以由浅入深的，刚开始可以看点简单的，关键还是锻炼自己判断词性的能力。三、专题过关 1Millions and millions of years ago, the world was much w________ than it is now. There was never any winter or snow. Warm rain fell on the land. Even the sea was warm. In this warm world lived some beasts called dinosaurs. They were the kings of the world for a long time.In the days of the dinosaurs there were no human beings. So no man has ever seen a r________ dinosaur. But we found a lot about the dinosaurs after years of study. Some dinosaurs lived near the water w_______ some lived on land. Some ate only plants and some ate other a________.After millions of years, something h________ to the dinosaurs. They began to die out at once. No one knows what happened. But we know that the world grew a little colder. Maybe the dinosaurs could live when it was very warm, and they died out when it became cold. But we are not sure. All we know is that the dinosaurs were the kings of the world for a long time. And no animals like them have ever been seen a______.2A woman saw three old men sitting in front of the house. She said. "You must be e in and have something to eat.""We do not go into a house together." they replied. "Why is that " asked the woman. One of the old men e________, "His name is Wealth, this is Success, and I am Love." Then he went on to say. "Now go in and discuss with your husband which one of us you want in your home."Then the woman went in and told her husband what was said. Her husband said. "Let's invite Wealth! Let him come and fill our home with wealth!" His wife d_______, "My dear, why don't we invite Success " Then the daughter made a s________, "Would it be better to invite Love Our home will then be filled with love!" "Let's take our daughter's advice," said the father.Love got up and started walking toward the house. The other two also got up and f_______ him. Surprised, the lady asked Wealth and Success, "I only invite Love. Why are you coming in with him "The old men answered t________, "If you had invited Wealth or Success, the other two of us would have stayed out, s_______ you invited Love, there is also Wealth and Success!"3When you want to go s________, decide how much money you can s_____ on new clothes. Think about the kind of clothes you really need. Then look for those clothes on sale.There are labels(标签)inside all new clothes. The labels tell you how to take care of your clothes. The label for a shirt may tell you to wash it in w________ water. A sweater label may tell you to wash it in cold water The label on a coat may say "dry clean only". If you do as the d_________ say on the label, you can keep your clothes looking their best. Many clothes must be dry cleaned. Dry cleaning is expensive. When buying new clothes, check to see if they will need to be dry cleaned. You will save money if you buy clothes that can be washed.You can save money if you buy clothes that are well made. Well-made clothes l_______ longer. They look good even after they have been washed many times. Clothes that c________ more money are not always better made. They do not always fit better. Sometimes l______ expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes.Keys: 1.warmer, real, while, animals, happened, once, again.2.hungry, explained, disagreed, suggestion, followed, together, since3.shopping, spend, warm, directions, money, last, cost, less, 四、学法提炼对首字母填空中的句子成分进行了解并训练2、通过适当形式填空的练习来掌握各种不同词性的转换及首字母的解题技巧 3、通过锻炼自己的思维并进行思维发散能力的训练提高解题能力学法升华一、知识收获 本次课主要帮助学生首字母解题的方法。 （1）通过对单一成分的分类练习，掌握该句子成分与何种词性相对应。 （2）多做做综合的“用所给单词的正确形式填空”，提高对句子成分的判断能力。 （3）锻炼自己的发散和归纳思维的能力，或称为“猜谜”的能力二、方法总结 （1）划分长句的句子成分，了解空格的单一成分 （2）在适当形式填空的题型中提高对句子成分的理解能力 （3）通过发散思维的练习，提高思维能力三、技巧提炼 （1）学会五大基本句型，有助于判断词性 （2）对于长难句要学会从抓主干的角度进行分析 （3）填完整篇文章之后一定要进行检查课后作业1 There was once a man in South America who had a parrot, a pet bird that could imitate (模仿) human speech. The parrot was unique (珍奇的). There was no other bird like him in the whole world. He could learn to say any word e l one. He could not say the n 2 of his native town, Ketunnel. The man did everything he could to teach the parrot to say Ketunnel, but he never s 3 . At first he was very gentle with the bird. But gradually, he lost his temper. "You s 4 bird. Why can't you learn to say that one word Say Ketunnel or I will kill you." But the parrot would not say it. Many times the man screamed （失声喊叫), "Say Ketunnel, or I'll kill you. "But the bird would never r 5 the name. Finally, the man gave up. He picked up the parrot and threw him into the chicken house. "You are even more foolish than the chickens." In the chicken house, there were four old chickens, waiting to be killed for Sunday's d 6 . The next morning, when he went into the chicken house, the man opened the door. He was shocked by what he saw. He could not believe his eyes and ears. On the floor l 7 three dead chickens. The parrot was screaming at the fourth. "Say Ketunnel, or I'll kill you.2 The red kangaroo is a famous Australian animal. It moves by jumping on its long hind(后面的)legs. Its long, heavy tail helps it keep its b I . If it is run after, a large kangaroo can reach a s 2 of 40 kilometers an hour. One jump may be 8 meters long and up to 3 meters high. The red kangaroo is found m 3 in the dry grasslands of Australia. It usually travels in small groups. Each group has about 12 kangaroos. When a baby red kangaroo is born, it weighs only 28 grams! After being born, it crawls （爬行）through the mother's fur to her pouch (育儿袋). In hard times, the mother kangaroo can s 4 the baby from being born till there is enough grass for her to eat. The mother feeds the baby with milk from her body. The baby kangaroo will spend at least a year in the pouch. If a kangaroo is being run after and cannot run away, it will turn and f 5 . It will lean back on its tail and kick with its hind legs. These legs are very, very s 6 and have large claws（爪）. The front legs are used to hold, not to box with, as you often see in cartoons. Kangaroos can live for up to 20 years. A kangaroo never stops growing bigger, so an old kangaroo can be very large. There are probably m 7 of kangaroos of all types in Australia. They were a very important food for Aborigines（土著居民）.3 Can animals be made to work for people Some s l think that one day animals may be trained to do a number of simple jobs instead of people. They say that at a circus (杂技场) , for example, we may see e 2 ,monkeys, dogs and other animals doing quite skillful things. P 3 you have seen them on the television or in a film. If you watch c 4 , you may find that the trainer always gives the animal some sugar or a piece of fruit as a reward (报酬). They say that many different animals may be trained to do a lot of simple things if they know they will get a reward for doing that. Of course, as we know, dogs can be trained to look after a house and soldiers in both old and modern times have used geese to give w 5 by making a lot of noise when an e 6 comes near. And also it may be p 7 to train animals to work in families or factories.4 If we observe carefully, we can find that most of the flowers in nature are red, orange and yellow. If we have seen a black flower, it's a c 1 in a million. People have made a r 2 to colors of more than four thousand kinds of flowers and discovered that only eight of them are black. Why are black flowers so rare (稀罕的) As we know, sunlight is formed by seven different colored lights. The wave l 3 of each light varies, so the quantity of heat in each light varies, too. Flowers, especially their petals (花瓣), are very tender (嫩的) and easy to be harmed by a high t 4 . So black flowers can take all the light waves which get the flowers to d 5 up. So black flowers can rarely live on in the sun. On the other hand, red flowers, orange flowers and yellow flowers can protect t 6 from sunlight by throwing back the red light, orange light and yellow light, each of which holds a large quantity of heat in itself. That is why red, orange and yellow flowers are very c 7 in nature, while black flowers are so difficult to find.Keys:1. 1. except 2. name 3. succeeded 4.stupid/silly5. repeat 6. dinner 7. lay2.1. balance 2. speed 3. mainly 4. stop5. fight 6.strong 7. millions3.1. scientists 2. elephants 3. Perhaps/Probably 4. closely/carefully 5. warning 6.enemy 7. possible4.1. chance 2.research 3.length 4. temperature5 .dry 6. themselves 7.common专题知识梳理 1，首字母填空题答题时要求既要使所填的词在语法和语义上正确，又要使其符合短文内容与情景的需要，所给出的词首字母同时起着提示和限定的作用。它不仅考查学生在词汇、语法等方面的基础知识，还考察理解、推导、分析等综合能力。2，从近几年的考题来看，短文填空题所考查的单词涉及的词性范围较广，几乎涉及到了十大词类；文中所涉及的语言知识面较宽，学生需运用已学过的词法、句法及常用词组、短语、惯用法等知识进行具体分析后再答题，有一定的难度。文章短小、精致，字数通常在100～150之间。短文的体裁不一，有记叙文、说明文、议论文等。短文题材丰富，内容通俗易懂，与现代生活紧密相关，可读性、趣味性强，符合初中生的认知特点。专题精讲一、动词解密 我们都知道，首字母填空第一步应该先判断词性，这个虽然在实际做题过程中，是一个一闪而过瞬间做出的判断，但是我们有必要把这个思考过程用慢镜头的形式放慢，我们一起来分析下，什么样的情况下，这个空格里填的词就应该是动词。所以，我们把上海历年真题拿出来做一个汇总来看下，能否发现什么规律。1、空格前有助动词出现，这也往往是某种时态或者是被动语态的信号。 如: has, had, was, did, does等真题例句：①、She was not a to eat her favorite food by the doctor. 此句动词为被动语态形式，看by可知动作发出者不是主语she ②、However, modern technology has c all that. 此句为完成时态，has作为助动词是现在完成时的标志词，动词应为完成形式。例题：1. Our manager has gone to Paris on business already and he will be b______ in a few days. 2. The Eiffel Tower was d ________ by a Frenchman called Gustave Eiffel over 100 years ago. 3. While we were t__________ in Australia last summer, I visited Lucy who once taught English in our school.2、空格前有情态动词时，如：can, must, will, should等， 真题例句：These places often have thin walls which can't s the noise from next door. Key: stand 3、空格前有动词连接的不定式结构时，如：used to _____ stop to ____ 真题例句：In fact, one million people in Britain would like to m______ because they don't get along well with their neighbors Key: move 4、复合句的主句和从句的（初中主要是宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）主语后面。如：真题例句：①、This m that you will read faster and will become better at understanding what you read. As your reading improves.Key: means ②、and try to forget that you d this when you wake up the next morningKey: did 例题：1. When spring c_______, the animals which sleep in winter start waking up. 2. I’m sorry I didn’t h_________ you because I was listening to music. 3. Scientists have s_________ the global warming for several years. They are working hard to find a solution. 5、and或or等并列连词连接的两个句子时，某一个句子缺乏谓语时。如：真题例句：Six weeks later, Christopher tried to phone Jeff and f he had moved and left no link address. Key: found 例题：Last Sunday, My friend and I d________ to the Summer Palace in Beijing.三、专题过关学年初三英语一模首字母填空汇编OneC. Reading the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给) （14分）This is a true story of a teenager caught in a deadly storm. He m 81 to stay alive by using tips the survival TV shows taught.One Sunday, Nicholas went skiing. In the early afternoon, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he r 82 this, Nicholas found he was lost! He didn’t have food, water, a phone, or other useful things.Nicholas had no idea where he was. He told himself to be c 83 . He thought about all the survival shows he had watched. He decided to stop skiing. He needed to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow.Nicholas built a snow c 84 . He gathered a huge amount of snow and dug out a hole in the middle with his skis. He got in. Then he put branches on himself, like a b 85 , to stay as warm as he could. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby streams so that his body wouldn’t lose too much water.The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldn’t find anyone. He didn’t dare to go too far, o 86 he might not be able to find his way back. Without shelter, he could die that night. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him.Nicholas had often watched Bear Grills’ survival show Man vs. Wild. That’s where he learned the tips that helped him survive. When Grills heard about Nicholas experience, he said it was really a 87 that the teenager had made it. He told the reporters that most people would likely make big mistakes if they were lost in a deadly storm.答案：81. managed 82. realized 83. calm 84. cave 85. blanket 86. or 87. amazingTwoC. Reading the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给) （14分）Paper cutting can be seen in many parts of China during the Spring Festival. People stick patterns on the window, doors or desks for the festival. A thousand years ago, paper cutting was used for decoration. A____81______to historical books, women in the Tang Dynasty used paper cutting as headdress. In the Song Dynasty, it was the decoration for the gifts. And People pasted them on windows, doors, walls, mirrors or lanterns. Some people made a living by the skill. Paper cutting is all made by hand. It is e____82____ to learn. You need only a knife and paper. It can be one piece of paper or many pieces. Simple patterns can be cut with a knife. For complicated patterns, people first pasted the pattern on the paper and t____83______used various kinds of knives to make it. No m___84______ can be made during the process, or the work would fail. Paper cutting c____85_____nearly all topics, from flowers, birds, animals to people in history and characters in classic novels. In the past, women living in the countryside gathered in their free time to make paper cutting. Nowadays, fewer and fewer people learn this skill, while there are some who still make a living by it. At present, there are factories making paper cutting in China. Exhibitions are held regularly and books of this kind are p____86______. Paper cutting has changed from decoration to a kind of a_____87_____. At the same time, paper cutting also appears in cartoons, on stages, in magazines or in TV series.KEYS: 81. According 82. easy 83. then 84. mistakes 85. covers 86. published 87. artThreeC. Reading the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给) （14分）When I was 13, my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That means beating out Miller King, who was the best p 81 at our school.Football season started in September and all summer long I practiced. I carried my football wherever I went.Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and l 82 his right arm. I went to see him after he came back from hospital. He looked very pale, but he didn`t cry.That season, I broke all of Miller`s r 83 while he watched the home games from the bench. We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable footballer ,but I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s a 84 .One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller stuck going over a fence, which wasn’t hard to climb if you had b 85 arms. I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept assistance from. But even that challenge he accepted. I helped him move slowly over the fence. When we were finally safe on the o 86 side, he said to me,＂You know, I didn’t tell you this during the season, but you did fine. Thank you for filling in for me .His words freed me from my bad dreams. I thought to myself, even though he had only one arm he was more of a leader. Damaged but not defeated, he was s 87 ahead of me. I was right to have admired him. From that day on，I grew up and became a little more real.答案：81-87 player；lost；records; accident; both; other; stillFourC. Reading the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给) （14分）In 1997, Lottie Williams was walking through a park in Oklahoma, in the US, with her friends. Suddenly something tapped her on the shoulder and fell to the ground. She picked the object up. It was about as heavy as an empty soda can. L___________81 scientists told her it was a piece of a Delta H rocket that had been used to launch a satellite. Many countries around the world have sent satellites into space. We need satellites to send receive TV and radio signals, to r________82 the weather and for many other things. But when they become old or they break down or we don’t need them any more, we just leave them there. They become space junk. Scientists think there are about 16,000 objects larger than 10 centimeters wide flying around the Earth, and tens of millions of smaller objects too. They travel at around 7 kilometers a second. That’s fast! And it’s their speed that makes these pieces of space junk really d__________83. If one small piece of space junk hits something at high speed, it can do a lot of damage. Luckily, there haven’t been many collisions(撞). But in 2009, an old Russian satellite hit and destroyed an American satellite---and that c__________84 2,000 new pieces of space Junk! Pieces of space junk re-enter the Earth’s atmosphere every day. But Lottie Williams is the o__________85 person who has been hit. The piece that hit her was light, and the air in the atmosphere had slowed it down. Most space junk burns up and doesn’t reach the Earth’s s__________86. But in , a metal ball 35 centimeters wide fell to Earth in Namibia, Africa. It made a hole in the ground 30 centimeters d__________87 and over 3 meters wide. Lottie was lucky she wasn’t hit by that!答案：81.Later 82. report 83. dangerous 84. caused 85. only 86. surface 87. deepFiveC. Reading the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给) （14分）Nowadays, with the development of the Internet, emoji(表情) are more and more popular among citizens(网民). Some People even feel difficult to talk online w___81____ using emoji. Emoji help netizens to communicate with each other easily and vividly. Yet, not all images are p___82____ used on the social media. Therefore, we are going to introduce some common but confusing emoji to help you have a b___83____ understanding of these small emotion signs.You see, emoji are also a kind of language. And different people have different understanding of them.答案：81.without 82. properly 83. better 84. surprised 85. actually 86. opinions 87. considerSixC. Reading the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给) （14分）With smiling eyes, quick minds and good humor, Jia Ling seems like a natural crosstalk performer（相声演员）.Jia Ling was born on April 29th, 1982 in the city of Xiangyang, Hubei Province. Having studied acting since she was 11, Jia Ling was admitted to the nation’s top drama college —The Central Academy of Drama when she was 19, but she c 81 to learn crosstalk there.Jia Ling is not an overnight success. After graduation in 2003, she was living in a basement that was just eight square meters and without a bathroom. However, Feng Gong, who is one of the top crosstalk performers in China, opened the door to her success. He provided her with o 82 to perform. Jia Ling seized(抓住) the chances she was offered and worked hard to improve her skills. As an excellent performer, the young lady first took part in the Spring Festival Gala in . W 83 her unique（独特的） style and great sense of humor, Jia Ling is loved by many people. Since her crosstalk is unique, fashionable and attractive, she becomes more and more p 84 .Besides performing as a crosstalk performer, Jia Ling is also a talented actress. She has s 85 acted in several TV series. “My acting experience has given my crosstalk more creativity and inspiration,” Jia Ling said.Now, Jia Ling has become one of the top crosstalk performers in China. She is trying so hard that crosstalk can s 86 to more people. She has founded her own club called New Laughter Inn. There people can enjoy traditional or m 87 crosstalk performances. She hopes it can influence her generation and even the next generation and let more and more people fall in love with crosstalk.Jia Ling is proud of being a crosstalk performer and she says she is positive about the future of crosstalk because people will always want to laugh.答案：81.changed/chose 82. opportunities 83.With 84.popular 85.successfully 86.spread 87.modernSevenC. Reading the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给) （14分）I've always wanted to try rock climbing, but never had time or money for it. But I've discovered a way to e 81 the excitement of climbing rock. Indoor climbing is an easy and exciting way to get a taste of rock climbing. And it is also much cheaper and safer! Indoor climbers don't climb on r 82 rock, but on a plastic wall. You can probably find a climbing wall near you. Many gyms, schools and camps have one. You can climb indoors at any time of the year, no matter how the weather is. It is usually not expensive. Most gyms p 83 the equipment you need. The convenience of indoor climbing is one reason why it has become so popular.But the r 84 people climb is for the rush （刺激感）they get. When I stand at the foot of the wall and look up, I'm always scared. But once I start climbing, fear changes to determination. With my heart pounding(心剧烈跳动）, I reach the top and look down. I can't stop grinning(咧嘴而笑）. I did it! Indoor climbing is a great workout （锻炼）.Climbing uses muscles(肌肉）that are hard to exercise, e 85 those in the shoulders, arms, chest and back. Many people say climbing makes exercise fun. Most gyms have several climbing walls with v 86 degrees of difficulty. The easier ones are like climbing a ladder. The difficult ones bulge out （凸出）in places so that climbers must sometimes climb parallel （平行的） with the floor. Although gym climbing is safer and simpler than real rock climbing, you should still be careful. Always climb with a partner. As you climb, your partner pulls your climbing rope t 87 something called a belay device （绳索控制器）. The belay catches you if you slip. But make sure your partner knows how to use this equipment. And if you are a first-time climber, get some instruction before you begin.答案：81-87：enjoy; real; provide; reason; especially; various; throughEightC. Reading the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给) （14分）An extract from The Greatest Tales of Sherlock HolmesI think I will tell you what happened last night. My husband Sir Eustace went to bed at about half past ten. The servants had already gone to their rooms. Only my housekeeper s_____81_____in her room at the top of the house until I needed her.I sat until after eleven in this room, deep in a book. Then I walked round to see that all was right before I went u____82____. I always did this myself, to be sure that everything is OK. I went into the kitchen, the storeroom, the living room, and f____83_____the dining-room. As I came near the window, which is covered with thick curtains, I suddenly felt the wind blow on my face ,and realized that it was o___84___.I pulled the curtain to one side, and found myself face to face with a broad-shouldered, elderly man who had just walked into the room, The window is a long French one, which really forms a door leading to the lawn, By the light of my bedroom candle, I saw two other men entering behind the first .I was so scared, trembling. I s__85__back quickly, but the man was on me in a moment. He caught me first by the wrist and then by the throat. I struggled to scream, but he hit me heavily over the eyes, and I fell to the ground.I must have been unconscious for a few minutes. When I woke up, I found that they had torn down the bell-rope and had tied me tightly to the c____86___ standing at the head of the dining table. I was so firmly bound that I could not move, and a handkerchief round my mouth prevented me from making any sound. It was at this moment that my unfortunate husband came into the room. He had c__87__heard some suspicious sounds, and he came prepared. When he rushed at one of the burglars, another man bent down and took the poker(拔火棍)out of the fireplace and struck him heavily as he passed. My husband fell without a groan（呻吟）and never moved again.(To be continued)答案：81-87 stayed, upstairs/up, finally, open, stepped/stood, chair/cupboard, clearly/certainly 四、学法提炼1、 根据短文或上下句提供的情景判断该动词的发出者是谁，如: 该动词所在句子的主语能否做出这动作）动词的搭配 (如: 动词与介词的搭配关系；后接的特殊名词宾语是什么。 如:后接人做宾语的动词: dress/ seat/…、后跟的动词的形式是to do / doing 还是 do / 等)动词的种类及其用法。如：该动词是vt还是vi；是持续性动词还是瞬间动词；是否是系动词（特殊用法：后可接adj作表语）、助动词（构成否定、疑问、do用来强调谓语动词等语法形式）等动词短语的搭配与用法5、 该动词与上下句子说到的内容与形式的呼应关系等与生活常识有关的常识性问题;同近义动词的区分等一、专题知识梳理 首字母填空是阅读体中的一个重点和难点，但是只要掌握良好的解题技巧，静下心来认真对待，细心捉摸就一定能攻克这一堡垒。而同时，如果能够有所侧重，有所积累，肯定会对做题给到一定的帮助。所以，平时就要养成时时积累首字母填空的高频词汇的好习惯。并且进行词性的梳理。二、专题精讲At one time, making a film was an expensive activity only for a small group of people and film companies. Not only were the tools and machines expensive but also the cost of film was also far greater than most people could afford. However, modern technology has c 92 all that. 【讲解】根据我们上图的解题思路，我们应该判断词性，空格前有助动词，且是完成时的标志 词has，必定是动词的完成形式了。然后我们再来看词义。根据上图首字母填空通关 第二步，应该是看语言逻辑，那么我们来看看这个空的前后有哪些词能帮助我们判断 逻辑。 前面有个关键词是however，这个词一出现，意味着前后语境是转折关系，那 我们来看看前面however前讲的是什么，大意是讲：曾几何时，拍电影是一小部分人 的事情，不仅仅是拍摄器材贵，还有电影的制作成本大多数人都承受不起。但是！现 代科技_____了这一切。前面说了那么多这不行那不行， 后面一个“但是”出现了， 就说明前面说的那些不是问题了，问题都烟消云散了，主语是technology，动作是它 发出来的，让学生体会。若还不行，干脆把汉语翻译给学生看，基本上会才出来是改 变，然后再看是c开头的，就肯定是change了，完成式，变成changed。25% don't talk to the people who live next door and 10% don't even know their names. In fact, one million people in Britain would like to m ____93__because they don't get along well with their neighbors. 【讲解】判断词性，空格前面是不定式结构，肯定是动词。再看语言逻辑。空格后面有个because 引导的句子，那么because后面的原因，前面的句子应该就是结果了，那么我们来看看句 子意思，因为他们都跟邻居相处不好，所以，事实上，有百万英国民众想_____，邻里关 系处理不好，连隔壁阿姨名字都叫不出来。说不定还经常吵架，谁看谁都不爽，那何苦住 这么近，干脆_______.引导学生去思考。应尽量给学生营造一个语境，让学生想象，依据 自己的常识、感情、习惯来做出选择。语言只是这些的符号反应形式。Many of the complaints about noise came from people who live in flats and old houses. These places often have thin walls which can't s 95 the noise from next door. 【讲解】判断词性，空格前是情态动词can’t,那么后面要填的肯定是动词原形。再结合句意，“这些 地方通常有着薄的墙，不能阻止来自隔壁的噪音”。所以此处为“stop”。Week 4 Mum used to d 97 us to school, but now my sister and I have started riding our bikes to school. It's hard work but good exercise! 【讲解】不定式结构，后面肯定是动词，接着看语言逻辑。有but出现，太好了，转折关系，前后 语义对