Unit 5 Educational exchanges知识单 沪教牛津版八年级上册

U5 Educational exchanges
U5词汇 Vocabulary
adj. 有教育意义的; n. 教育; n. 教育家；v. 教育；adj. 受过教育的
educational; education; educator；educate；educated
n. 文化；adj. 文化的
culture；cultural:
host 3个含义
n. 主人; n. 主持人; v. 主持
adj. 当地的; n. 地方; adv. 本地地
local; location; locally:
adj. 英国的; n. “英国”
British; Britain
“高兴做……”
be glad to do ...
在工作日
on/at weekdays
v. 在…旅游; n. 游客; n.旅游业
tour; tourist: tourism
experience 3个含义
cn．经历; un．经验; vt.“经历”
把某物介绍给某人
introduce sb to sth
v. 介绍；n. 介绍
introduce；introduction
un. 成功; vi. 成功; adj. 成功的; adv. 成功地
success; succeed; successful; successfully
尊重某人, 2种表达
show respect for sb＝ respect sb
起初，2种表达
at first = in the beginning
到目前为止，3种表达
so far =until now=up to now
a bit of用法
a bit of /a little +un“小量”
从......到......
come over(to)
U5 语法 Grammar
现在完成时
1. 定义&时间状语:
(1) 定义1: 表过去发生动作对现在造成的影响和结果,
时间状语1: already/just/yet/ever/never/before
eg. I have just lent my book to John. 我刚刚把书借给约翰。
(I don’t have the book now. )
① already: “已经”, 用在肯定句中; 放在have和done中间, 也可放在句末
eg. We have already finished our homework.
= We have finished our homework already.
我们已完成家庭作业了。
② just: “刚刚”, 用在肯定句中; 放在have和done中间
eg. I have just finished lunch.
我刚吃过午饭。
③ yet: 放在句末
“已经”, 用在疑问句中
eg. Have you finished your homework yet 你完成家庭作业了吗？
“还”, 用在否定句中
eg. I haven't made a decision yet. 我还没做决定。
④ ever: “曾经”, 用于疑问句和肯定句中, 放在have和done中间
eg. I have ever seen this film. 我曾经看过这电影。
Have you ever been to the USA 你去过美国吗？
⑤ never: “从来不”, 用在否定句中, 放在have和done中间
eg. Is he famous I have never heard of him.
他很有名吗？我从来没听说过他。
⑥ before: “以前”, 放在句尾
eg.Ｉhave never read this kind of books before.
我之前从没读过这种书。
(2) 定义2: 表过去发生动作一直延续到现在, 还有可能继续下去, 动词用延续性动词
时间状语2: for+段时间,
since+点时间,
since+ 段时间 + ago,
since+句子(过去时)
ever since(then) 自从(那以后)
eg. Kate has lived here for 3 years.
He has stayed here since 5 o’clock.
Kate has lived here since 3 years ago.
Kate has lived here since she came to China.
(She began to live there many years ago, she lives there now and she will go on living there.)
【拓展】其他时间标志:
once,twice…/several times (...次)；
still(仍然)；
these days/recently/lately(最近)；
so far/up to now/by now (到目前为止)；
in the past/last ... years (过去几年来)
【注】若对时间状语划线提问, 可用How long...
eg. How long has he learned math
他学习数学学多久了？
常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变
直接换为持续性动词:
buy →have, borrow →keep, get sth →have sth, become →be
2. 换为be +名词:
join the army →be a soldier/be a member of the army
go to school →be a student
3. 变为be + 状态的形容词
die →be dead, finish →be over, start/ begin →be on,
leave (sp.)→be away (from sp.), close →be closed, open →be open
fall asleep →be asleep, wake up →be awake, get married →be married
come back/get back/return(to sw.) → be back (to sw.)
4. 换为be +介词
come to sp./ go to sp. / arrive in(at或on) sp. /get to sp. /reach sp.
→be in/at/on sp.
join the army →be in the army
2. 基本句型:
数时用has, 其他人称用have
(1) 肯: 主语+have/has+动词过去分词(+其他)
(2) 否: 主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词(+其他)
have not=haven't has not=hasn't
(3) 一般疑: Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词(+其他)？
回答: Yes, 主语+have/has.
/No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t.
eg. 肯: I have already finished my homework.
否: I haven’t finished my homework yet.
一般疑: Have you finished the homework yet
回答: Yes, I have. /No, I haven't.
(4) 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has + 主语+过去分词 (+其他)
eg. What has Li lei eaten for his breakfast
3. 过去分词的变化规则:
规则动词过去分词与过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词需逐个记
规则变化：
(1) 一般在词尾直接加ed
pick → picked → picked
(2) 以e结尾, 后面加d
like → liked → liked
(3) 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾, 变y为i, 再加-ed
study → studied → studied;
(4) 以“辅元辅”字母结尾, 双写尾字母, 再加-ed
stop → stopped → stopped;
不规则变化：
Type 原形 过去式 过去分词
AAA cut cut cut
hit hit hit
cost cost cost
hurt hurt hurt
put put put
read read read
ABB have had had
make made made
say said said
get got got/gotten
sit sat sat
stand stood stood
understand understood understood
sell sold sold
lose lost lost
light lit/lighted lit/lighted
shine shone shone
win won won
hang hung hung
dig dug dug
stick stuck stuck
meet met met
lead led led
shoot shot shot
keep kept kept
feel felt felt
sleep slept slept
leave left left
spell spelt/spelled spelt/spelled
smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled
bring brought brought
buy bought bought
think thought thought
teach taught taught
fight fought fought
tell told told
learn learnt/learned learnt/learned
mean meant meant
lend lent lent
spend spent spent
find found found
hear heard heard
build built built
ABC am/is/are was/were been
do/does did done
go went gone
(be)come (be)came (be)come
take took taken
see saw seen
know knew known
drive drove driven
give gave given
eat ate eaten
write wrote written
ride rode ridden
hide hid hidden
rise rose risen
begin began begun
sing sang sung
drink drank drunk
run ran run
swim swam swum
ring rang rung
speak spoke spoken
forget forgot forgotten
break broke broken
choose chose chosen
fall fell fallen
steal stole stolen
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
fly flew flown
throw threw thrown
blow blew blown
lie lay lain
4. (1) have/has been to: 曾经去过(已返回) 可接表 “次数”的状语;
(2) have/has gone to: 已经去了某地或在途中, 还没有返回(不在此处)
(3) have/has been in: 已在某地停留一段时间, 现仍在那里, 可接表“一段时间”的状语(延
续性)
【注】to遇到here, there, home等副词时省略
U5 Writing 写作
【话题】谈论交换生的经历
【范文】
假设你是一名国际交换生，马上就要完成在美国的奥斯汀高中(Austin High School) 的访问学习了。请你根据以下内容提示，写一份关于此次活动的报告。要求：80 词左右，给出部分不计入总词数，可适当发挥。
A report on my exchange visit to Austin High School
奥斯汀高中交流访问报告
My exchange visit to Austin High School has gone well.
我对奥斯汀高中的交流访问进展顺利。
I have enjoyed my studies at the school. I have had classes with American students and I have learnt a lot about American culture and history. In addition, I have also taken part in school club activities and made many friends so far. My host family are very friendly to me. They have taught me how to make different kinds of delicious food. At weekends, they have also taken me to attend some parties.
我很享受在学校的学习。我和美国学生一起上课，我学到了很多关于美国文化和历史的知识。此外，到目前为止，我还参加了学校俱乐部的活动，交了很多朋友。我的寄宿家庭对我很友好。他们教我如何做各种美味的食物。周末，他们还带我去参加一些聚会。
　 In my opinion, it is an educational experience because it not only gives me a chance to learn a lot, but also helps me make many friends. I really want to show my thanks to my friends and my host family. I will keep in touch with them after I return home.
在我看来，这是一次教育经历，因为它不仅让我有机会学到很多东西，还帮助我交到了很多朋友。我真的很想向我的朋友和寄宿家庭表示感谢。我回家后会和他们保持联系。
2.
A report on my exchange visit to Woodpark School
我对伍德帕克学校的交流访问报告
My exchange visit to Woodpark School has gone well.
我对伍德帕克学校的交流访问进展顺利。
I have enjoyed my studies at the school. I have had classes with British students. I have learnt a lot about British culture and history. I have taken part in school club activities. It is a fantastic experience for me. I have also introduced Tai'chi and Chinese painting to the British students. I'm glad to share Chinese culture with them.
我很享受在学校的学习。我和英国学生一起上课。我学到了很多关于英国文化和历史的知识。我参加了学校俱乐部的活动。这对我来说是一次美妙的经历。我还向英国学生介绍了太极和中国画。我很高兴与他们分享中国文化。
My host family are friendly. They have cooked me delicious British food. We have had a picnic together. I really enjoy it. They have taken me to the British Museum. I have played football with British friends. I haven't played well, but I'll keep trying. I have also visited some places of interest with my friends, such as the London Tower Bridge. I can't wait to have another trip with them tomorrow.
我的寄宿家庭很友好。他们给我做了美味的英国菜。我们一起野餐了。我真的很喜欢。他们带我去了大英博物馆。我和英国朋友踢足球。我打得不好，但我会继续努力。我还和朋友们参观了一些名胜古迹，比如伦敦塔桥。我迫不及待地想明天再和他们一起旅行。
It is wonderful for me to meet my host family and friends in the UK. I really had a good time with them and I will keep in touch with them.
我很高兴在英国见到我的寄宿家庭和朋友。我真的和他们度过了一段美好的时光，我会和他们保持联系。