2025年河南中考英语二轮复习语法过关课件：专题七介词和介词短语(共64张PPT)

(共64张PPT)
专题七　介词和介词短语　
考点精讲
考点　 　时间介词
1. on/in/at
介词 用法 举例
on ①用于星期前。②用于具体的日期、节日前。 ③用于某一天的上午、下午或晚上前。 巧学妙记　有day必有on ①on Sunday
②on October 1st, on the eve of New Year
③on a fine morning, on the night of June 1
特例　at Christmas
介词 用法 举例
in ①用于世纪、年代、年份、月份或季节前。 ②用于泛指的上午、下午或晚上前。 ③“in＋一段时间”表示“在……之后”，常用在一般将来时或过去将来时的句子中，可用来回答how soon引出的问句。 ①in the 21st century, in the 1980s, in 2049, in June, in summer
②in the morning/afternoon/ evening
③in three days, in a week
介词 用法 举例
at 常用于具体的时刻、正午、午夜前或用于某些词组中。 at five o’clock, at noon, at night, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of eight
注意　在含this, that, next, last等表示时间的词组及某些表示时间的词(tomorrow, yesterday等)前通常不用介词。
2. during/for/since/from
介词 用法 举例
during (2019.66) “during＋时间段/表示事件延续一段时间的名词(stay, travel, visit等)”，意为“在……期间内”。 During the week, I’ll wear smart clothes. 在工作日期间，我将会穿智能服装。(RJ八上U7)
for(2021.48) “for＋时间段”，表示动作持续的时长，可与现在完成时连用，谓语动词只能是延续性动词。 He has worked in this company for three years. 他在这个公司已经工作三年了。
介词 用法 举例
since “since＋时间点”及“since＋一段时间＋ago”，意为“自从……以来”，表示从过去某一时刻起一直延续至今，通常与现在完成时连用。 Children have learned to read and count at my old primary school since the mid-20th century. 从20世纪中期开始，孩子们就在我以前就读的小学里学习阅读和算术了。(RJ八下U10)
from 表示“从”，表示时间的开始。from… to… 从……到…… I go to school from Monday to Friday. 我周一到周五上学。
注意　from… (to…)还可表示“(地点、状态、范围等)从…… (到……)”。如：How far is it from Shanghai to Zhengzhou 从上海到郑州有多远？(2021.60, 2023.67)
3. 其他常见的时间介词
介词 用法 举例
before 表示“在……之前”，后可接时间点。 I have to go to bed before 10:00 pm. 我必须在晚上10点前上床睡觉。
after 表示“在……之后”，其后跟时间点或时间段。 ①I’ll study after dinner. 我将在晚餐后学习。
②He came back after a few days. 几天后他回来了。
介词 用法 举例
until/till 表示“到……为止”，谓语动词用延续性动词。否定形式为not… until…，表示“直到……才……”，谓语动词用短暂性动词。 ①He will stay here till/until next Sunday. 他将在这儿待到下周日。
②In England, tea didn’t appear until around 1660．在英国，茶直到1660年左右才出现。(RJ九全U6)
介词 用法 举例
by 表示“不迟于……；在……之前”，后常接时间点。若其后跟将来的时间点，谓语动词用一般将来时；若其后跟过去的时间点，谓语动词用过去完成时。 ①By the end of this term, I’ll learn 2,000 words. 到这个学期期末，我将学会2000个单词。
②By the end of last March, we had planted fifty trees in the school. 到去年三月底为止，我们已经在校园里种了50棵树。
through (2017.27) 表示“自始至终；从头到尾”。 She kept quiet all through breakfast. 吃早饭的时候，她从头到尾一言不发。
1．(2024河北改编)Hurry up, Nancy! The meeting will start ______ ten minutes.
2．Everyone was tired out because they worked without a break _____ about eight in the evening.
during　since　in　from　before　on　till　after
in　
till　
3．I must practice the guitar __________ dinner and then I have to do the dishes _________ dinner. (RJ七下U4)
4．I have stayed at my grandparents’ home ________ last Monday. __________ these days, I cook for them every day.
5．The 2024 Dragon Boat Festival falls ______ June 10．Chinese people can enjoy three days off ________ June 8 to 10．
before　
after　
since　
During　
on　
from　
考点　 　方位介词
1. on/to/in
介词及其用法 拓展
表示地理位置关系： to还可表示“到；往(地点或方向)”。如：He was on the way to the station. 他在去车站的路上。
in还可表示“在某地”，后接大地点(国家、城市等)。如：I have lived in Henan for many years. 我已经在河南生活了很多年。
注意　at表示“在某地”，后接小地点(车站、电影院、家等)。如：I arrived at the cinema at 8 o’clock. 我八点钟到达电影院。
2. between/among
介词 用法 举例
between (2015.68) “在……之间”，强调两者之间，常用于between … and … 结构中。 Lily is sitting between Lucy and Jack. 莉莉坐在露西和杰克中间。
among “在……之间”，一般用于三者或三者以上之间。 They walked among the crowds in Red Square. 他们走在红场上的人群之中。
3. on/over/under/above/below
介词及其用法 拓展
above还可表示“(数量、年龄、温度等)超过；大于”。
如：We cannot accept children above the age of 10．我们不能接受10岁以上的儿童。
介词及其用法 拓展
under还可表示“少于；小于”。
如：It took us under an hour. 这事花了我们不足一个小时。
below还可表示“气温低于……”。
如：The temperature remained below 10℃ all day. 气温一整天都保持在10度以下。
4. across/over/through
介词及其用法 拓展
across与cross均表示“横过；穿过”，across是介词，cross是动词，go across相当于cross。
over还可表示“(数量、时间等)多于”。 如：over sixty六十多
5. by/beside/near
介词 用法 举例
by 表示“在……旁边”，比near更近。 My house is by the river. 我的房子在河边。
beside 表示“在……旁边”，有紧靠的意味，相当于next to/close to。 Come and sit beside me. 过来坐在我旁边。
near 表示“在……附近”，可以表示空间、时间关系等。 There is a theatre near his home. 他家附近有一家剧院。
6. in the front of/in front of
介词短语 用法 举例
in the front of “在……(内部的)前面” Jack is sitting in the front of his car when he suddenly sees his friend Tom standing in front of/before the car. 杰克正坐在小汽车的前排，这时他突然看到他的朋友汤姆就站在小汽车前。
in front of＝ before (2020.69) “在……(外部的)前面”
7. 其他常见的方位介词
介词及 其意义 behind“在……后面”(2016.26) around (2016.74, 2015.36) “在……周围；环绕着” opposite“在……的对面”，相当于across from
图解 助记
(　　)6．Beijing is ______ the north of China and Japan is ______ the east of China.
A．in; to B．on; in
C．in; on D．to; on
(　　)7．We stared in disbelief at the black smoke rising ______ the burning building.
A．below B．on
C．under D．above
A　
D　
(　　)8．—It’s raining hard. Let’s stand ______ that big tree.
—You had better not. It’s very dangerous to do so in such weather.
A．below B．over
C．under D．above
(　　)9．(2024凉山州改编)—Did you have fun watching the volleyball game
—No. A tall man stood ______ me. I couldn’t see the players at all.
A．next to B．across from
C．in front of D．in the front of
C　
C　
10．The library is ________ the bus station, and you can go there on foot.
11．What a good day it is! The sunlight is going ___________ the window into our classroom.
across　through　between　over　near　in　among
near　
through　
12．Last night, a thief walked __________ the street, jumped ________ a tall wall and ran away.
13．(2024扬州改编)The Marco Polo Memorial Hall stands at the east end of Dongguan Street ______ Yangzhou.
14．The small village lies _________ the mountains and there is a big river ___________ the village and the outside world.
across　
over　
in　
among　
between　
考点　 　方式介词
介词 用法 举例
by 表示“靠……手段”，后接动词-ing形式。 by working with a group
表示“乘坐”，与表示交通工具的名词连用。 by car, by train
with 表示“用；借助于”，后常接具体的工具或手段，即“with＋冠词/代词＋名词”结构。 write with a pen, with his both hands
介词 用法 举例
through 表示“凭借；以……”，指媒介，方法。后常接名词或动名词。 through labour education 通过劳动教育
in 表示用某种语言、方式等。 in English, in such a way
on表示“通过/用……(方式)”，后跟通讯设备或电子产品等。 on the phone/radio/Internet
15．Jack is talking with his best friend ______ the phone.
16．He stood on the chair and stuck the picture on the wall ________ glue.
by　with　in　on　through
on　
with　
17．(2024自贡改编)We can go to school ______ bike to make our city greener.
18．We’re sure that the environment will be greatly improved ___________ our work in the near future.
19．Miss Smith asked each of us to keep a dairy ______ English every day to improve our writing skills.
by　
through　
in　
考点　 　其他常见介词
1. for
2. against
3. like
4. as
5. with
6. without
意为“没有；不(做某事)”。如：We never visit a friend’s house without calling first. 我们从不未事先通电话就登门拜访朋友。(RJ九全U10)
7. about
意为“关于；有关”。 如：The film is about friendship. 这部电影是关于友谊的。
8. including(2017.43)
意为“包含……之内”。如：There are many kinds of pollution around us, including air pollution，soil pollution, noise pollution and light pollution. 我们周围有很多种污染，包括空气污染、土壤污染、噪音污染和光污染。(课标九上U2)
9. except/besides/but(讲解详见本书第1部分教材梳理P60)
20．______ a ping-pong fan, Peter is looking forward to watching the coming WTT.
21．(2024眉山改编)Everyone is here __________ Alan, because he is still ill in hospital.
As　
except　like　as　for　against
except　
22．The worker put a ladder(梯子) ___________ the wall to help him hang the picture on it.
23．(2024临夏州改编)The health website provides a lot of useful advice _______ teenagers.
24．It’s important for parents to put dangerous things ________ knives beyond the reach of children.
against　
for　
like　
考点　 　介词短语
1. 介词与名词的搭配
介词 搭配
in in a word 总而言之　in danger处于危险中　in time 及时　in fact 事实上　in trouble 处于麻烦/困难之中　in the end 最后　in a hurry 匆忙地　in surprise 惊奇地　in silence 沉默地　in need 需要　in public公开地　in total总共；合计　in one’s free time 在某人的空闲时间中　in person 亲自
介词 搭配
on on time准时；按时　on foot步行　on one’s way to在去……的路上　on holiday/vacation在度假　on business在出差　on sale正在出售　on purpose故意地
at at the same time 同时　at first起初　at last最终　at that time 那时候　at a low price以低价　at present 现在　at the top of在……顶部
介词 搭配
by by the way 顺便说一下　by hand 用手做　by accident偶然　
by mistake错误地；无意中
by the end of 在(某时间点)以前
其他 with the help of 在……的帮助下　as a result 结果　
for example 例如
2. 介词与形容词的搭配
介词 搭配
at be good at 擅长　be surprised at对……感到惊讶　be mad at 生……的气
to be similar to与……相似　be harmful to对……有害　be kind/friendly to对……友好　be thankful to 对某人心存感激
with be popular with 受……欢迎　be busy with sth. 忙于某事　be pleased/satisfied with对……感到满意　be angry with 生……的气　be filled with 充满　be strict with 对……要求严格
介词 搭配
for be good/bad for对……有益/害　be sorry for 对……感到遗憾　be ready for sth. 为……做好准备　be famous for 以……闻名　be late for迟到　be responsible for 对……负责　be thirsty for 渴求……
of be full of 充满　be proud of 为……感到骄傲(2024.68)　be bored of 对……感到厌倦　be afraid of害怕……
其他 be hard on 对……苛刻　be interested in 对……感兴趣(2021.68)　be different from 与……不同　be worried about 对……担忧
3. 介词与动词的搭配
介词 搭配
at look at 看　laugh at 嘲笑　call sb. at＋电话号码 (拨打某个电话号码) 给某人打电话
of hear of 听说　die of 死于(疾病等)　think of想到　dream of梦想　remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事
介词 搭配
from come from来自　hear from收到……的来信　learn… from从……学到……　stop/prevent…from (doing) sth. 防止……受……之害；阻止……做某事　keep away from 避免接近；远离　separate from分离　give away捐赠
about think about考虑　talk about谈论　worry about担忧　care about关心；在意　know about了解(2024.61)
to listen to听　look forward to 期待　belong to 属于　pay attention to注意　compare… to… 把……比作……
介词 搭配
with agree/disagree with同意/不同意　deal with处理　compare … with … 将……与……比较/对比　get on/along with 和睦相处；关系良好　provide sb. with. sth. 提供某人某物　come up with提出
for look for 寻找　pay for付款；付出代价　wait for等待　leave for 前往　prepare for为……做准备　care for 照顾　ask … for help向……寻求帮助　give thanks for… 感谢……　search for寻找
介词 搭配
in take part in/join in参加　hand in 上交　play a role in 在……上发挥作用　have interest in 对……感兴趣　believe in sb. 信任某人　take pride in 以……为骄傲
up put up 张贴；搭建(帐篷)　take up (尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做　make up编造(故事；谎言等) 　set up创立　pick up捡起；接电话　turn up调大(声音)　give up放弃　look up查阅
介词 搭配
on; down get on上车　depend on依靠　turn on 打开　put on 增加(体重)　write down写下；记录下　turn down调小(声音等)；拒绝　take down取下来
其他 turn … into … 把……变成……(2022.60)　be divided into被分成……　look like 看起来像　look after照顾(2022.42)　turn off关掉(电视等)　take off脱掉(衣服等)　give out分发　work out计算出
throw away扔掉　look through浏览　be considered as 被认为是
4. 其他常见介词搭配
thanks to 幸亏；由于 because of 因为；由于(2019.72)　　
from then on 从那以后 according to 根据
after all 毕竟 instead of 代替
at first 首先 at last 最后
at least 至少 at most 至多
as a result 结果；因此 as well 也
next to 紧挨着 first of all 首先
all in all 总的来说 together with 连同；包括……在内
along with 与……一起；与……同样地
on one’s own/by oneself 独自
一、单项选择
(　　)25．(2024白银)My grandpa decided to ______ smoking for his health.
A．give away B．give out
C．give back D．give up
D　
(　　)26．(2024云南改编)The students worked in groups to ______ the difficult problem in the math class.
A．work out B．turn down
C．look for D．worry about
(　　)27．(2024镇江改编)—Mum, could you please ______ the poster in my bedroom I really like it!
—Sure, baby.
A．look up B．take up
C．put up D．make up
A　
C　
二、盲填。每空限填一词。
28．You’d better not always depend ______ your parents, or you will never grow up.
29．They love coming to Beijing to learn about Chinese culture and improve their Chinese ______ the same time.
30．(2024龙东地区改编)Hainan is famous _______ its beautiful beaches. Many tourists visit it every year.
on　
at　
for　
试题精练
一、单项选择
(　　)1．Look at the picture. The cartoon character is ______ the box.
A．before B．on
C．behind D．under
C　
(　　)2．Mary has just gone to New York. She’ll not be back ______ next Monday.
A．for B．until
C．from D．since
(　　)3．(2024凉山州改编)—Maria. You have made such a great progress in English.
—Thanks, Ms Chen. I can’t make it ______ your help.
A．with B．without
C．for D．including
B　
B　
(　　)4．—Can you hang out ______ us
—Sorry. I have to prepare for the test ______ the beginning of September.
A．with; at B．for; from
C．besides; in D．without; on
A　
(　　)5．(2024滨州改编)—I miss Bill very much as we haven’t seen each other ______ two years.
—Me, too. Whenever I see the photo, it reminds me ______ the happy days we spent together.
A．since; about B．during; on
C．for; of D．in; to
C　
二、盲填。每空限填一词。
1．Jeff, don’t turn _______ the light. I’m reading newspapers.
2．Jim has learned a lot ________ the social work since he joined the projects at school.
3．(2024吉林改编)Mary plays light music ______ her free time to enjoy the beauty of music.
off　
from　
in　
4．Don’t be worried _________ me, Mum. I can cook some simple meals and look _________ myself.
5．I found a strange stone ______ accident when climbing the mountain yesterday. It looks ________ a leaf.
about　
after　
by　
like　
语篇填空
第一节　阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。

Feeling joy is good, not just because you’re happy in the moment. It can be saved and 1．________ again.
by　for　use　easy　into　express　with　moment　around　sad
used　
When you feel joyful, you’re in a positive mood, which helps you deal 2．________ challenges and solve problems. Experiencing joy is also good 3．_______ your health. It protects you from illness and reduces pain, worry and stress. Joy spreads quickly, benefiting not only yourself but also those 4．__________ you.
It’s a good choice to record something joyful 5．______ making a joy journal. It can help you remember happy times when you are feeling 6．_______, lonely, and worried. Turning the pages can help the feeling of joy flood back, making you feel better.
with　
for　
around　
by　
sad　
How do you keep a joy journal Choose a notebook and decorate the cover. You can keep all your joyful things together or divide your journal 7．_______ areas such as family, friends and school. To best 8．__________ yourself, you can write, draw, use colorful pens, and stick things in. In your joy journal, you can write lists of your favorite things：your favorite foods, TV shows or animals, and what you like about them. You can record 9．___________ that give you joy：who was there, what happened, and what you saw, heard, and smelt. This will help you remember the joy and feel the joy again more 10．__________.
into　
express　
moments　
easily　
第二节　阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。
Pets can be great friends. Keeping pets is a good way 11．______ relax and learn about love and responsibility. Most 12．______ us choose cats or dogs as pets. But now some young people would rather keep unusual pets.
to　
When I was in the fourth grade, I learned to raise caterpillars(毛毛虫). Now I’m an expert in raising them. I’m lucky enough to see them turn into beautiful butterflies several times. I put caterpillars into a box and feed them with leaves that I buy online.
of　
After about a month, they will become chrysalises(蛹). They don’t need any food or water during that time. After another 15 days, 13．_______ most exciting moment will come—emergence(羽化)! Their wings spread in just about one minute. I 14．______ amazed by the power of life when I see the scene. Every butterfly finishes its emergence 15．______ its own. It encourages me to be independent and not to give up.
Wu Jiayu
a 13-year-old boy from Jiangsu
the　
am　
on