2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第二册强化练习题--Unit 5 Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（含答案与解析）
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2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第二册
Unit 5 A delicate world
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Several safety accidents and (事件) related to campus safety have occurred recently in a number of places.
2.The roof of the house (倒坍) under the weight of snow after the heavy snowfall yesterday.
3.(2024河北示范性高中期中)His work has raised our awareness of the threats that these (栖息地) face, and it reminds us how we are all connected.
4.The speaker's speech was so funny that the audience (爆发) with laughter.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.A few days after our (depart) from the camp, our car was well and truly stuck in the mud.
2.As we can see, the public have a strong appetite this matter.
3.The United Nations estimates that by 2050, the population of European countries will decrease from 0.72 billion 0.63 billion.
4.The eye-catching advertisements will trap us buying things that we actually don't need.
5.The statistics showed that wind energy production (multiply) over the last decades.
6. the saying goes, “Do in Rome as the Romans do.” So it's wise to follow the local customs in a foreign country.
Ⅲ.选词填空
in harmony with;turn out;once and for all;out of control
It's reported that if human activities get 1. , the ecosystem will break down. To tackle the problem, people around the world collaborate with each other to take measures to live 2. nature and protect our planet. In the past few years, it has 3. that some joint efforts work well. And we hope we will solve the problem 4. in the future.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.几年前,我和一个朋友因一个误会吵了一架。
Years ago, I had a quarrel with a friend .(读后续写—情节描写)
2.在今天的英国,茶仍然是日常生活的一大部分,但是似乎正在减少。(decrease)
Tea is still a large part of daily life in the UK today, but .
3.(2021新高考Ⅰ写作)这些故事不仅可以缓解我的紧张,还可以开阔我的视野。(倒装句)
relieve my stress, but they can also broaden my horizons.
4.小女孩高兴地跳了起来,因为她之前从来没收到过如此精美的礼物。(倒装句)
The little girl jumped for joy because never such a beautiful gift before.(读后续写—情节描写)
5.这部影片结果大获成功。(一句多译:turn out)
①The film a great success.
② the film was a great success.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Macquarie Island is a beautiful and 1 (harmony) place. However, in 1810, humans arrived on the island, unknowingly 2 (bring) rats and mice. The small animals ate birds' eggs and attacked baby birds. People brought cats 3 (control) them, but the cats developed an appetite for the birds, too. People also introduced rabbits as a source of food, but they multiplied so rapidly, eating vegetation and digging holes, 4 they led to soil erosion. The exploding rabbits supplied enough food to the cats, 5 caused more cats. To control the rabbits, a virus 6 (release) onto the island, which caused the rabbit population to decrease rapidly. As 7 result, the food was less for the cats, so they started to eat the birds again. In the 1980s, people used dogs and 8 (trap) to catch them. The rats and mice began to increase.The rabbits developed an immunity to the virus and their population 9 (explode) again. To solve the problem 10 (complete), people dropped poison on the island and removed all the invading species. In 2014, the island's ecology started to recover.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2023辽宁葫芦岛四校期中联考)
Water shortage is one of the 1 (great) crises we are facing today, with two thirds of the global population living in the areas 2 water is rare for a month or more every year. There are two contributing factors to this problem: the increasing global demand 3 water, and unsustainable means by which these demands are being met. Yet, despite global water usage already exploding threefold (三倍地) over the last fifty years, it 4 (predict) that there will be a further 60%-100% increase in water usage by 2050.
This is not just 5 matter of turning the tap off when you brush your teeth, 6 (decrease) your showers to 3 minutes, or sharing the washing load with your flatmates. In fact, daily activities of humans make up less than 4% of our total water consumption, with the 7 (remain) 96% falling into two “invisible” categories: the industrial production of household items and the production of food. Astonishingly, 69% of our total daily water consumption comes from the 8 (grow) and production of food alone.
9 (unfortunate), there is no single go-to reference book for the exact number of litres used in the production of any individual food item. This is a bitter pill to swallow, for we have other factors 10 (consider) when weighing up the benefits of every food choice: taste, cost and convenience.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024山东名校考试联盟期中)
Coral reefs in Florida have lost an estimated 90% of their corals in the last 40 years. This summer, a marine heatwave hit Florida's coral reefs. The record high temperatures created an extremely stressful environment for the coral reefs, which are currently also experiencing intense coral bleaching(使变白).
A coral is an animal, which has a symbiotic relationship with microscopic algae(藻类). The algae gets energy from the sun and shares it with the coral internally. The coral builds a rock-like structure, which makes up most of the coral reef, providing habitats and food for many organisms that live there. Coral bleaching is when the symbiotic relationship breaks down. Without the algae, the corals appear white because the rock skeleton becomes visible. If the bleaching continues for an extended period, the corals can starve to death without the energy.
Florida is on the front lines of climate change. It is also at the cutting edge of restoration science. Many labs, institutions and other organizations are working nonstop to conserve and maintain the coral reefs. This includes efforts to understand what is troubling the reef, from virus outbreaks to coastal development impacts. It also includes harvesting coral spawn(卵), or growing and planting coral parts. Scientists moved many coral nurseries into deeper water and shore-based facilities during this marine heatwave. They are digging into the DNA of the coral to discover which species will survive best in the future.
There are some bright spots in the story, however. Some corals have recovered from the bleaching, and many did not bleach at all. In addition, researchers recorded coral spawning. Although it's not clear yet whether the larvae(幼虫) will be successful in the wild, it's a sign of recovery potential. If the baby corals survive, they will be able to regrow the reef. They just have to avoid one big boss: human-induced climate change.
1.What does the underlined word “symbiotic” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Reliable. B.Loose. C.Harmonious. D.Contradictory.
2.What caused the coral bleaching
A.The rock skeleton. B.The microscopic algae.
C.The high temperatures. D.The symbiotic relationship.
3.Which is NOT the efforts scientists made to help coral reefs
A.Transferring coral nurseries. B.Growing and planting coral spawn.
C.Researching the DNA of the coral. D.Figuring out the reasons for problems.
4.Which of the following best describes the impact of scientists' efforts
A.Identifiable. B.Predictable. C.Far-reaching. D.Effective.
B
(2024黑龙江双鸭山市第一中学月考)
The world's forests may hold more secrets than previously thought: a new global estimate of tree biodiversity suggests that there are about 9,200 tree species remaining undocumented. Most are likely in the tropics, according to the new research.
The new research drew on the efforts of hundreds of contributors, who have categorized trees into two huge data sets: One, the Global Forest Biodiversity Initiative, records every species found in extensively documented forest plots worldwide; the other, TREECHANGE, puts together sightings of individual species. Together they suggest there are approximately 64,100 recorded tree species on the planet—up from the previous estimate of around 60,000.
The researchers reached their estimate of an additional 9,200 yet undocumented species on the basis of the number of rare ones already in the database. Most unknown species are likely to be defined as rare, found in limited numbers in small geographical areas, says the quantitative forest ecologist Liang Jingjing. “The team's result is ‘a rather conservative estimate’,” Liang says, “because scientists know less about the preponderance of uncommon trees in places such as the Amazon, where out-of-the-way spots could host pockets of unusual species found nowhere else.” “If we can focus the resources on those rainforests in the Amazon,” Liang adds, “then we would be able to estimate it with higher confidence.”
Silman, a conservation biologist, who was not involved in the new study agrees that the study result is likely an underestimate. He and his colleagues did local surveys which suggested there are at least 3,000 and possibly more than 6,000 unknown tree species in the Amazon Basin alone. Tree species often get grouped together based on appearance, he notes, so new genetic analysis techniques will likely lead to the discovery of even more biodiversity. Silman wonders how many species will go extinct before scientists describe them. “How many are already known to native peoples in the Amazon—or were known to peoples or cultures who have themselves been made extinct through colonization, disease, or absorption How many ‘species’ already have dried samples sitting in a cabinet ” he says.
Searching for the new species will inform not only conservation but the basic evolutionary science of how and why species diversify and die out, Silman says. “Just the fact that there are thousands of species of something as common as trees out there that are still left to be discovered,” he adds.
5.What is the finding of the new research
A.About nine thousand new tree species have been identified.
B.Thousands of tree species remain unknown to science.
C.Maintaining tree diversity has become a global challenge.
D.Human activities have led to the reduced number of trees.
6.What can be learned about the research method
A.The researchers adopted quality method to analyze data.
B.The researchers did extensive field study in out-of-the-way spots.
C.Inferring from the existing dada is the main research method.
D.Doing surveys and interviews is the main research method.
7.What does the underlined word “preponderance” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Majority. B.Evolution. C.Cultivation. D.Capability.
8.According to Silman, what could be one of the reasons for the underestimate of the tree species
A.Genetic analysis techniques failed to produce accurate information.
B.Trees of similar sizes in the Amazon Basin are grouped together.
C.Too many rare trees were made into dried samples before being documented.
D.The local peoples or the local cultures are not fully aware of the tree species.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 5 A delicate world
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.incidents 2.collapsed 3.habitats 4.exploded
Ⅱ.1.departure 考查名词。句意:在我们离开营地几天后,我们的汽车完全陷在泥里了。根据空前的形容词性物主代词our可知该空应用名词,作介词after的宾语;由句意可知设空处表示“离开”,故填departure。
2.for 考查介词。句意:正如我们看到的,公众对这件事喜闻乐道。have an appetite for是固定搭配,意为“对……有欲望;渴望……”。
3.to 考查介词。句意:联合国估计,到2050年,欧洲国家的人口将从7.2亿减少到6.3亿。decrease from...to...是固定搭配,意为“从……减少到……”。
4.into 考查介词。trap sb. into doing sth.是固定搭配,意为“诱骗某人做某事”。句意:这些引人注目的广告会诱使我们买一些实际上我们并不需要的东西。
5.has multiplied 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:统计资料显示,在过去的几十年里,风能的产量成倍增加。分析句子结构可知showed后是that引导的宾语从句,设空处为该从句的谓语。根据该从句的时间状语over the last decades可知从句用现在完成时。从句主语是wind energy production,production在此处意为“产量”,是不可数名词,从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式,故填has multiplied。
6.As 考查关系代词。 句意:俗话说,“入乡随俗”,因此在国外遵循当地风俗是明智的。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作宾语,表示“正如”,因此要用As。as the saying goes...意为“俗话说/常言道……”。
Ⅲ.1.out of control 2.in harmony with 3.turned out 4.once and for all
Ⅳ.1.owing to/due to/because of a misunderstanding
2.it seems to be on the decrease 3.Not only can these stories 4.had she received 5.①turned out to be
②It turned out that
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.harmonious 考查形容词。设空处与空前的形容词beautiful是and连接的并列成分,共同作定语修饰名词place,则设空处应用形容词。由语境可知此处表示“Macquarie Island是一个美丽、和谐的地方”,则设空处表示“和谐的”,故填harmonious。
2.bringing 考查现在分词。句中已有谓语arrived,故此处应用非谓语动词。句意:然而,1810年人类到达这座岛,无意中带来了大大小小的老鼠。设空处表示的动作和arrived同时发生,所以设空处作伴随状语;bring与其逻辑主语humans是主动关系,应用现在分词。
3.to control 考查不定式。此处表示“人们把猫带过来以控制它们(老鼠)”,由此可知设空处表示目的,应用不定式作目的状语。
4.that 考查连词。句中but连接两个并列分句。在but后的分句中,multiplied为谓语,设空处无提示词,空后为完整句子,故推测此处应用连词。由语境和空前的so可知此处构成so...that...结构,引导结果状语从句。
5.which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:数量暴涨的兔子为猫提供了充足的食物,这使猫的数量更多了。设空处前句子意思完整,不缺成分,且空后缺主语(空后谓语为caused),由此推测此处用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句,which指代整个主句的内容。
6.was released 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句中which引导非限制性定语从句,第二个逗号前为主句,设空处为主句的谓语。此处表示“病毒被释放到岛上”,a virus与release是被动关系,应用被动语态。结合上下文可知此处表示过去的事,应用一般过去时。主语a virus为单数,故填was released。
7.a 考查冠词。as a result是固定短语,意为“因此;结果”。故填a。
8.traps 考查名词的数。由空前的dogs和and可知,and连接并列名词作used的宾语,则设空处应用名词。trap在这里指“夹子;陷阱”,为可数名词,与dogs并列,故用其复数形式。
9.exploded 考查时态。句中and连接两个并列分句,由and前一分句中的developed和语境可知and后的分句也应用一般过去时。故填exploded。
pletely 考查副词。此处表示“为了彻底解决这个问题”,设空处修饰动词solve,应用副词作状语。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了水资源短缺是我们今天面临的最大危机之一及造成水资源短缺的两个因素,并指出并不是日常生活中节约用水就能解决问题,我们每天总用水量的96%来自家居用品的生产和食品的生产。
1.greatest 考查形容词最高级。句意:水资源短缺是我们今天面临的最大危机之一,全球三分之二的人口生活在每年缺水一个月或更长时间的地区。根据该空前的one of the可知,此处应该用形容词最高级,构成“one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词”结构,表示“最……的……之一”。故填greatest。
2.where 考查定语从句。空前为表示地点的名词areas,空后内容为主系表结构,句子主干完整,与空前的areas可构成“water is rare for a month or more every year in the areas”,由此推断空处引导定语从句,在从句中作地点状语,先行词为areas,所以此处应用关系副词where引导定语从句。
3.for 考查介词。句意为“造成这一问题的因素有两个:全球不断增加的对水的需求以及为了满足这些需求而采取的不可持续的手段。”the demand for意为“对……的需求”,为固定搭配。故填for。
4.is predicted 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:然而,尽管全球用水量在过去五十年中已经突增了三倍,但据预测,到2050年,全球用水量将进一步增长60%到100%。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语,it是形式主语,that引导的从句是真正的主语,和动词predict之间是被动关系,句子描述一个事实,应用一般现在时。主语是it,故填is predicted。
5.a 考查不定冠词。句意:这不仅仅是刷牙时关上水龙头,把淋浴时间缩短到3分钟,或者和你的室友一起洗衣服的问题。a matter of...是固定短语,意为“一个……的问题”。故填a。
6.decreasing 考查动名词。设空处与turning和sharing并列,都作介词of的宾语,应用动名词形式。故填decreasing。
7.remaining 考查形容词。句意:事实上,人类的日常活动只占我们总用水量的不到4%,剩下的96%属于两个“看不见的”类别——家居用品的工业生产和食品的生产。设空处修饰96%,96%后省略了of our total water consumption,且由语境可知设空处表示“剩下的”,应用形容词remaining。
8.growth 考查名词。句意:令人惊讶的是,我们每天总用水量的69%仅来自食物的生长和生产。根据该空前的冠词the可知,此处要用名词,与名词production并列。故填growth。
9.Unfortunately 考查副词。句意:不幸的是,对于生产任何一种食品所使用的(水的)确切升数,没有一本现成的参考书(可供参考)。此处应用副词作状语,修饰整个句子,首字母应大写。故填Unfortunately。
10.to consider 考查动词不定式。句意:这是一个不得不接受的现实,因为在权衡每种食物选择的好处时,我们还有其他因素要考虑——味道、价钱和便利性。分析句子结构可知,此处应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to consider。
【高频词汇】 1.shortage n.不足;缺少,短缺 2.crisis n.危机 3.contributing factor起作用的因素 contribute v.是……的原因之一 4.make up 构成;弥补;和解;编造;化妆 5.consumption n.消耗;消耗量;消费
6.single adj.单个的;单身的;单人的;甚至一个
7.reference book参考书 8.individual adj.单独的;个别的;独特的 9.weigh up衡量;权衡 10.convenience n.方便;便利性
【差距词汇】 1.unsustainable adj.不能持续的;无法维持的 2.go-to adj.寻求协助的,征询意见的 3.litre n.升
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了佛罗里达州的珊瑚礁因受高温天气影响而出现白化危机的现象。
1.A 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“The algae gets energy...for many organisms that live there. (藻类从阳光中获得能量,并在内部与珊瑚虫分享。珊瑚虫构建了一个类岩石结构,构成了大部分珊瑚礁,为生活在那里的许多生物提供了栖息地和食物。)”可知,珊瑚虫和藻类有一种相互依赖的共存关系。A.可依赖的,可靠的;B.不受约束的,自由的;C.和谐的;D.相互矛盾的,对立的。分析选项可知A项最符合文意,故选A。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The record high temperatures created...intense coral bleaching.(创纪录的高温给珊瑚礁造成了极其紧张的环境,目前珊瑚礁也在经历严重的珊瑚白化。)”可知,创纪录的高温引起了珊瑚白化现象。故选C。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This includes efforts...or growing and planting coral parts. Scientists moved many coral nurseries into...survive best in the future.”可知,为了帮助珊瑚礁,科学家们寻找问题的原因、孵化珊瑚虫卵、种植珊瑚枝节、转移珊瑚苗圃、研究珊瑚虫的DNA,而不是种植珊瑚虫卵。故选B。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“There are some bright spots in the story, however. Some corals have recovered from the bleaching, and many did not bleach at all. (然而,这个故事也有一些有希望的地方。一些珊瑚虫已经从白化中恢复过来,还有许多珊瑚虫根本没有白化。)”可知,科学家们的努力有了成效。A.可识别的,可辨认的;B.可预料的,意料之中的;C.影响深远的,广泛的;D.有效的。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.estimated adj.估计的;估算的
2.extremely adv.极其;非常 3.currently adv.目前;当前
4.intense adj.强烈的;严肃紧张的 5.make up组成
6.break down (关系)破裂/失败; (系统) 瘫痪;(机器、车辆等) 出故障;分解 7.maintain v.保持;维持
8.transfer v.使转移;转让;改变
【差距词汇】 1.organism n.有机体;生物;(尤指)微生物 2.skeleton n.框架;轮廓;骨架 3.nursery n.苗圃 4.induce v.引起;导致
长难句
原句 The coral builds a rock-like structure, which makes up most of the coral reef, providing habitats and food for many organisms that live there.
分析 本句为主从复合句。“which makes up most of the coral reef”为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词structure;“providing habitats and food for many organisms that live there”为现在分词短语作状语,其中“that live there”为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词many organisms。
译文 珊瑚虫构建了一个类岩石结构,构成了大部分珊瑚礁,为生活在那里的许多生物提供了栖息地和食物。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究者们通过新的调查研究,得出了对全球树木生物种类的数量估算,其中还包括一些未记录在案的树种。同时一些生物学家通过调查认为在亚马孙热带雨林里面,还有许多未知的树种等待人们去发现,他们也为此倍受鼓舞。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The world's forests may hold...there are about 9,200 tree species remaining undocumented.”可知,该项新研究指出成千上万的树种仍不为科学所知。故选B。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The new research drew on the efforts of hundreds of contributors, who have categorized trees into two huge data sets(这项新研究利用了数百名贡献者的努力,他们对两个巨大的数据库中的树木进行了集中分类)”和第三段中的“The researchers reached their estimate of...rare ones already in the database.(根据数据库中已有的稀有物种的数量,研究人员得出了他们对另外9,200个尚未记录的物种的估计。)”可知,该研究的主要方法是从已有的数据中进行推断得出结论。故选C。
7.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“such as the Amazon, where out-of-the-way spots could host pockets of unusual species found nowhere else (比如亚马孙,在那里偏僻的地方可能有一些其他地方没有的不常见的树种)”可知,这里通过举例子说明画线词所在部分“scientists know less about the preponderance of uncommon trees in places such as the Amazon”所说的在如亚马孙雨林这样的地方有很多科学家们没见过、不了解的树种,再结合画线词前边的“The team's result is ‘a rather conservative estimate’”可知,此处指他们对这里大多数不常见的树木都知之甚少。由此推测画线词表示“大多数”,与majority同义。故选A。B.进化;C.种植,栽培;D.能力。
8.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Silman wonders how many species will go extinct before scientists describe them.(Silman想知道有多少树种会在科学家描述它们之前灭绝。)”及他的话可知,Silman认为当地的民族或文化也不完全了解这些树种,所以这也是树种数量被低估的一个原因。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.previously adv.先前地;以前地
2.extensively adv.广泛地 3.approximately adv.大约;大概 4.analysis n.分析
【差距词汇】 1.undocumented adj.未被记录的
2.categorize vt.将……分类;把……加以归类
3.quantitative adj.定量性的;数量的 4.evolutionary adj.进化的 evolution n.进化;演变 5.diversify v.使多样化;变化
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2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第二册
Unit 5 A delicate world
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Several safety accidents and (事件) related to campus safety have occurred recently in a number of places.
2.The roof of the house (倒坍) under the weight of snow after the heavy snowfall yesterday.
3.(2024河北示范性高中期中)His work has raised our awareness of the threats that these (栖息地) face, and it reminds us how we are all connected.
4.The speaker's speech was so funny that the audience (爆发) with laughter.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.A few days after our (depart) from the camp, our car was well and truly stuck in the mud.
2.As we can see, the public have a strong appetite this matter.
3.The United Nations estimates that by 2050, the population of European countries will decrease from 0.72 billion 0.63 billion.
4.The eye-catching advertisements will trap us buying things that we actually don't need.
5.The statistics showed that wind energy production (multiply) over the last decades.
6. the saying goes, “Do in Rome as the Romans do.” So it's wise to follow the local customs in a foreign country.
Ⅲ.选词填空
in harmony with;turn out;once and for all;out of control
It's reported that if human activities get 1. , the ecosystem will break down. To tackle the problem, people around the world collaborate with each other to take measures to live 2. nature and protect our planet. In the past few years, it has 3. that some joint efforts work well. And we hope we will solve the problem 4. in the future.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.几年前,我和一个朋友因一个误会吵了一架。
Years ago, I had a quarrel with a friend .(读后续写—情节描写)
2.在今天的英国,茶仍然是日常生活的一大部分,但是似乎正在减少。(decrease)
Tea is still a large part of daily life in the UK today, but .
3.(2021新高考Ⅰ写作)这些故事不仅可以缓解我的紧张,还可以开阔我的视野。(倒装句)
relieve my stress, but they can also broaden my horizons.
4.小女孩高兴地跳了起来,因为她之前从来没收到过如此精美的礼物。(倒装句)
The little girl jumped for joy because never such a beautiful gift before.(读后续写—情节描写)
5.这部影片结果大获成功。(一句多译:turn out)
①The film a great success.
② the film was a great success.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Macquarie Island is a beautiful and 1 (harmony) place. However, in 1810, humans arrived on the island, unknowingly 2 (bring) rats and mice. The small animals ate birds' eggs and attacked baby birds. People brought cats 3 (control) them, but the cats developed an appetite for the birds, too. People also introduced rabbits as a source of food, but they multiplied so rapidly, eating vegetation and digging holes, 4 they led to soil erosion. The exploding rabbits supplied enough food to the cats, 5 caused more cats. To control the rabbits, a virus 6 (release) onto the island, which caused the rabbit population to decrease rapidly. As 7 result, the food was less for the cats, so they started to eat the birds again. In the 1980s, people used dogs and 8 (trap) to catch them. The rats and mice began to increase.The rabbits developed an immunity to the virus and their population 9 (explode) again. To solve the problem 10 (complete), people dropped poison on the island and removed all the invading species. In 2014, the island's ecology started to recover.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2023辽宁葫芦岛四校期中联考)
Water shortage is one of the 1 (great) crises we are facing today, with two thirds of the global population living in the areas 2 water is rare for a month or more every year. There are two contributing factors to this problem: the increasing global demand 3 water, and unsustainable means by which these demands are being met. Yet, despite global water usage already exploding threefold (三倍地) over the last fifty years, it 4 (predict) that there will be a further 60%-100% increase in water usage by 2050.
This is not just 5 matter of turning the tap off when you brush your teeth, 6 (decrease) your showers to 3 minutes, or sharing the washing load with your flatmates. In fact, daily activities of humans make up less than 4% of our total water consumption, with the 7 (remain) 96% falling into two “invisible” categories: the industrial production of household items and the production of food. Astonishingly, 69% of our total daily water consumption comes from the 8 (grow) and production of food alone.
9 (unfortunate), there is no single go-to reference book for the exact number of litres used in the production of any individual food item. This is a bitter pill to swallow, for we have other factors 10 (consider) when weighing up the benefits of every food choice: taste, cost and convenience.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024山东名校考试联盟期中)
Coral reefs in Florida have lost an estimated 90% of their corals in the last 40 years. This summer, a marine heatwave hit Florida's coral reefs. The record high temperatures created an extremely stressful environment for the coral reefs, which are currently also experiencing intense coral bleaching(使变白).
A coral is an animal, which has a symbiotic relationship with microscopic algae(藻类). The algae gets energy from the sun and shares it with the coral internally. The coral builds a rock-like structure, which makes up most of the coral reef, providing habitats and food for many organisms that live there. Coral bleaching is when the symbiotic relationship breaks down. Without the algae, the corals appear white because the rock skeleton becomes visible. If the bleaching continues for an extended period, the corals can starve to death without the energy.
Florida is on the front lines of climate change. It is also at the cutting edge of restoration science. Many labs, institutions and other organizations are working nonstop to conserve and maintain the coral reefs. This includes efforts to understand what is troubling the reef, from virus outbreaks to coastal development impacts. It also includes harvesting coral spawn(卵), or growing and planting coral parts. Scientists moved many coral nurseries into deeper water and shore-based facilities during this marine heatwave. They are digging into the DNA of the coral to discover which species will survive best in the future.
There are some bright spots in the story, however. Some corals have recovered from the bleaching, and many did not bleach at all. In addition, researchers recorded coral spawning. Although it's not clear yet whether the larvae(幼虫) will be successful in the wild, it's a sign of recovery potential. If the baby corals survive, they will be able to regrow the reef. They just have to avoid one big boss: human-induced climate change.
1.What does the underlined word “symbiotic” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Reliable. B.Loose. C.Harmonious. D.Contradictory.
2.What caused the coral bleaching
A.The rock skeleton. B.The microscopic algae.
C.The high temperatures. D.The symbiotic relationship.
3.Which is NOT the efforts scientists made to help coral reefs
A.Transferring coral nurseries. B.Growing and planting coral spawn.
C.Researching the DNA of the coral. D.Figuring out the reasons for problems.
4.Which of the following best describes the impact of scientists' efforts
A.Identifiable. B.Predictable. C.Far-reaching. D.Effective.
B
(2024黑龙江双鸭山市第一中学月考)
The world's forests may hold more secrets than previously thought: a new global estimate of tree biodiversity suggests that there are about 9,200 tree species remaining undocumented. Most are likely in the tropics, according to the new research.
The new research drew on the efforts of hundreds of contributors, who have categorized trees into two huge data sets: One, the Global Forest Biodiversity Initiative, records every species found in extensively documented forest plots worldwide; the other, TREECHANGE, puts together sightings of individual species. Together they suggest there are approximately 64,100 recorded tree species on the planet—up from the previous estimate of around 60,000.
The researchers reached their estimate of an additional 9,200 yet undocumented species on the basis of the number of rare ones already in the database. Most unknown species are likely to be defined as rare, found in limited numbers in small geographical areas, says the quantitative forest ecologist Liang Jingjing. “The team's result is ‘a rather conservative estimate’,” Liang says, “because scientists know less about the preponderance of uncommon trees in places such as the Amazon, where out-of-the-way spots could host pockets of unusual species found nowhere else.” “If we can focus the resources on those rainforests in the Amazon,” Liang adds, “then we would be able to estimate it with higher confidence.”
Silman, a conservation biologist, who was not involved in the new study agrees that the study result is likely an underestimate. He and his colleagues did local surveys which suggested there are at least 3,000 and possibly more than 6,000 unknown tree species in the Amazon Basin alone. Tree species often get grouped together based on appearance, he notes, so new genetic analysis techniques will likely lead to the discovery of even more biodiversity. Silman wonders how many species will go extinct before scientists describe them. “How many are already known to native peoples in the Amazon—or were known to peoples or cultures who have themselves been made extinct through colonization, disease, or absorption How many ‘species’ already have dried samples sitting in a cabinet ” he says.
Searching for the new species will inform not only conservation but the basic evolutionary science of how and why species diversify and die out, Silman says. “Just the fact that there are thousands of species of something as common as trees out there that are still left to be discovered,” he adds.
5.What is the finding of the new research
A.About nine thousand new tree species have been identified.
B.Thousands of tree species remain unknown to science.
C.Maintaining tree diversity has become a global challenge.
D.Human activities have led to the reduced number of trees.
6.What can be learned about the research method
A.The researchers adopted quality method to analyze data.
B.The researchers did extensive field study in out-of-the-way spots.
C.Inferring from the existing dada is the main research method.
D.Doing surveys and interviews is the main research method.
7.What does the underlined word “preponderance” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Majority. B.Evolution. C.Cultivation. D.Capability.
8.According to Silman, what could be one of the reasons for the underestimate of the tree species
A.Genetic analysis techniques failed to produce accurate information.
B.Trees of similar sizes in the Amazon Basin are grouped together.
C.Too many rare trees were made into dried samples before being documented.
D.The local peoples or the local cultures are not fully aware of the tree species.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 5 A delicate world
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.incidents 2.collapsed 3.habitats 4.exploded
Ⅱ.1.departure 考查名词。句意:在我们离开营地几天后,我们的汽车完全陷在泥里了。根据空前的形容词性物主代词our可知该空应用名词,作介词after的宾语;由句意可知设空处表示“离开”,故填departure。
2.for 考查介词。句意:正如我们看到的,公众对这件事喜闻乐道。have an appetite for是固定搭配,意为“对……有欲望;渴望……”。
3.to 考查介词。句意:联合国估计,到2050年,欧洲国家的人口将从7.2亿减少到6.3亿。decrease from...to...是固定搭配,意为“从……减少到……”。
4.into 考查介词。trap sb. into doing sth.是固定搭配,意为“诱骗某人做某事”。句意:这些引人注目的广告会诱使我们买一些实际上我们并不需要的东西。
5.has multiplied 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:统计资料显示,在过去的几十年里,风能的产量成倍增加。分析句子结构可知showed后是that引导的宾语从句,设空处为该从句的谓语。根据该从句的时间状语over the last decades可知从句用现在完成时。从句主语是wind energy production,production在此处意为“产量”,是不可数名词,从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式,故填has multiplied。
6.As 考查关系代词。 句意:俗话说,“入乡随俗”,因此在国外遵循当地风俗是明智的。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作宾语,表示“正如”,因此要用As。as the saying goes...意为“俗话说/常言道……”。
Ⅲ.1.out of control 2.in harmony with 3.turned out 4.once and for all
Ⅳ.1.owing to/due to/because of a misunderstanding
2.it seems to be on the decrease 3.Not only can these stories 4.had she received 5.①turned out to be
②It turned out that
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.harmonious 考查形容词。设空处与空前的形容词beautiful是and连接的并列成分,共同作定语修饰名词place,则设空处应用形容词。由语境可知此处表示“Macquarie Island是一个美丽、和谐的地方”,则设空处表示“和谐的”,故填harmonious。
2.bringing 考查现在分词。句中已有谓语arrived,故此处应用非谓语动词。句意:然而,1810年人类到达这座岛,无意中带来了大大小小的老鼠。设空处表示的动作和arrived同时发生,所以设空处作伴随状语;bring与其逻辑主语humans是主动关系,应用现在分词。
3.to control 考查不定式。此处表示“人们把猫带过来以控制它们(老鼠)”,由此可知设空处表示目的,应用不定式作目的状语。
4.that 考查连词。句中but连接两个并列分句。在but后的分句中,multiplied为谓语,设空处无提示词,空后为完整句子,故推测此处应用连词。由语境和空前的so可知此处构成so...that...结构,引导结果状语从句。
5.which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:数量暴涨的兔子为猫提供了充足的食物,这使猫的数量更多了。设空处前句子意思完整,不缺成分,且空后缺主语(空后谓语为caused),由此推测此处用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句,which指代整个主句的内容。
6.was released 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句中which引导非限制性定语从句,第二个逗号前为主句,设空处为主句的谓语。此处表示“病毒被释放到岛上”,a virus与release是被动关系,应用被动语态。结合上下文可知此处表示过去的事,应用一般过去时。主语a virus为单数,故填was released。
7.a 考查冠词。as a result是固定短语,意为“因此;结果”。故填a。
8.traps 考查名词的数。由空前的dogs和and可知,and连接并列名词作used的宾语,则设空处应用名词。trap在这里指“夹子;陷阱”,为可数名词,与dogs并列,故用其复数形式。
9.exploded 考查时态。句中and连接两个并列分句,由and前一分句中的developed和语境可知and后的分句也应用一般过去时。故填exploded。
pletely 考查副词。此处表示“为了彻底解决这个问题”,设空处修饰动词solve,应用副词作状语。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了水资源短缺是我们今天面临的最大危机之一及造成水资源短缺的两个因素,并指出并不是日常生活中节约用水就能解决问题,我们每天总用水量的96%来自家居用品的生产和食品的生产。
1.greatest 考查形容词最高级。句意:水资源短缺是我们今天面临的最大危机之一,全球三分之二的人口生活在每年缺水一个月或更长时间的地区。根据该空前的one of the可知,此处应该用形容词最高级,构成“one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词”结构,表示“最……的……之一”。故填greatest。
2.where 考查定语从句。空前为表示地点的名词areas,空后内容为主系表结构,句子主干完整,与空前的areas可构成“water is rare for a month or more every year in the areas”,由此推断空处引导定语从句,在从句中作地点状语,先行词为areas,所以此处应用关系副词where引导定语从句。
3.for 考查介词。句意为“造成这一问题的因素有两个:全球不断增加的对水的需求以及为了满足这些需求而采取的不可持续的手段。”the demand for意为“对……的需求”,为固定搭配。故填for。
4.is predicted 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:然而,尽管全球用水量在过去五十年中已经突增了三倍,但据预测,到2050年,全球用水量将进一步增长60%到100%。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语,it是形式主语,that引导的从句是真正的主语,和动词predict之间是被动关系,句子描述一个事实,应用一般现在时。主语是it,故填is predicted。
5.a 考查不定冠词。句意:这不仅仅是刷牙时关上水龙头,把淋浴时间缩短到3分钟,或者和你的室友一起洗衣服的问题。a matter of...是固定短语,意为“一个……的问题”。故填a。
6.decreasing 考查动名词。设空处与turning和sharing并列,都作介词of的宾语,应用动名词形式。故填decreasing。
7.remaining 考查形容词。句意:事实上,人类的日常活动只占我们总用水量的不到4%,剩下的96%属于两个“看不见的”类别——家居用品的工业生产和食品的生产。设空处修饰96%,96%后省略了of our total water consumption,且由语境可知设空处表示“剩下的”,应用形容词remaining。
8.growth 考查名词。句意:令人惊讶的是,我们每天总用水量的69%仅来自食物的生长和生产。根据该空前的冠词the可知,此处要用名词,与名词production并列。故填growth。
9.Unfortunately 考查副词。句意:不幸的是,对于生产任何一种食品所使用的(水的)确切升数,没有一本现成的参考书(可供参考)。此处应用副词作状语,修饰整个句子,首字母应大写。故填Unfortunately。
10.to consider 考查动词不定式。句意:这是一个不得不接受的现实,因为在权衡每种食物选择的好处时,我们还有其他因素要考虑——味道、价钱和便利性。分析句子结构可知,此处应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to consider。
【高频词汇】 1.shortage n.不足;缺少,短缺 2.crisis n.危机 3.contributing factor起作用的因素 contribute v.是……的原因之一 4.make up 构成;弥补;和解;编造;化妆 5.consumption n.消耗;消耗量;消费
6.single adj.单个的;单身的;单人的;甚至一个
7.reference book参考书 8.individual adj.单独的;个别的;独特的 9.weigh up衡量;权衡 10.convenience n.方便;便利性
【差距词汇】 1.unsustainable adj.不能持续的;无法维持的 2.go-to adj.寻求协助的,征询意见的 3.litre n.升
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了佛罗里达州的珊瑚礁因受高温天气影响而出现白化危机的现象。
1.A 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“The algae gets energy...for many organisms that live there. (藻类从阳光中获得能量,并在内部与珊瑚虫分享。珊瑚虫构建了一个类岩石结构,构成了大部分珊瑚礁,为生活在那里的许多生物提供了栖息地和食物。)”可知,珊瑚虫和藻类有一种相互依赖的共存关系。A.可依赖的,可靠的;B.不受约束的,自由的;C.和谐的;D.相互矛盾的,对立的。分析选项可知A项最符合文意,故选A。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The record high temperatures created...intense coral bleaching.(创纪录的高温给珊瑚礁造成了极其紧张的环境,目前珊瑚礁也在经历严重的珊瑚白化。)”可知,创纪录的高温引起了珊瑚白化现象。故选C。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This includes efforts...or growing and planting coral parts. Scientists moved many coral nurseries into...survive best in the future.”可知,为了帮助珊瑚礁,科学家们寻找问题的原因、孵化珊瑚虫卵、种植珊瑚枝节、转移珊瑚苗圃、研究珊瑚虫的DNA,而不是种植珊瑚虫卵。故选B。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“There are some bright spots in the story, however. Some corals have recovered from the bleaching, and many did not bleach at all. (然而,这个故事也有一些有希望的地方。一些珊瑚虫已经从白化中恢复过来,还有许多珊瑚虫根本没有白化。)”可知,科学家们的努力有了成效。A.可识别的,可辨认的;B.可预料的,意料之中的;C.影响深远的,广泛的;D.有效的。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.estimated adj.估计的;估算的
2.extremely adv.极其;非常 3.currently adv.目前;当前
4.intense adj.强烈的;严肃紧张的 5.make up组成
6.break down (关系)破裂/失败; (系统) 瘫痪;(机器、车辆等) 出故障;分解 7.maintain v.保持;维持
8.transfer v.使转移;转让;改变
【差距词汇】 1.organism n.有机体;生物;(尤指)微生物 2.skeleton n.框架;轮廓;骨架 3.nursery n.苗圃 4.induce v.引起;导致
长难句
原句 The coral builds a rock-like structure, which makes up most of the coral reef, providing habitats and food for many organisms that live there.
分析 本句为主从复合句。“which makes up most of the coral reef”为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词structure;“providing habitats and food for many organisms that live there”为现在分词短语作状语,其中“that live there”为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词many organisms。
译文 珊瑚虫构建了一个类岩石结构,构成了大部分珊瑚礁,为生活在那里的许多生物提供了栖息地和食物。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究者们通过新的调查研究,得出了对全球树木生物种类的数量估算,其中还包括一些未记录在案的树种。同时一些生物学家通过调查认为在亚马孙热带雨林里面,还有许多未知的树种等待人们去发现,他们也为此倍受鼓舞。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The world's forests may hold...there are about 9,200 tree species remaining undocumented.”可知,该项新研究指出成千上万的树种仍不为科学所知。故选B。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The new research drew on the efforts of hundreds of contributors, who have categorized trees into two huge data sets(这项新研究利用了数百名贡献者的努力,他们对两个巨大的数据库中的树木进行了集中分类)”和第三段中的“The researchers reached their estimate of...rare ones already in the database.(根据数据库中已有的稀有物种的数量,研究人员得出了他们对另外9,200个尚未记录的物种的估计。)”可知,该研究的主要方法是从已有的数据中进行推断得出结论。故选C。
7.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“such as the Amazon, where out-of-the-way spots could host pockets of unusual species found nowhere else (比如亚马孙,在那里偏僻的地方可能有一些其他地方没有的不常见的树种)”可知,这里通过举例子说明画线词所在部分“scientists know less about the preponderance of uncommon trees in places such as the Amazon”所说的在如亚马孙雨林这样的地方有很多科学家们没见过、不了解的树种,再结合画线词前边的“The team's result is ‘a rather conservative estimate’”可知,此处指他们对这里大多数不常见的树木都知之甚少。由此推测画线词表示“大多数”,与majority同义。故选A。B.进化;C.种植,栽培;D.能力。
8.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Silman wonders how many species will go extinct before scientists describe them.(Silman想知道有多少树种会在科学家描述它们之前灭绝。)”及他的话可知,Silman认为当地的民族或文化也不完全了解这些树种,所以这也是树种数量被低估的一个原因。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.previously adv.先前地;以前地
2.extensively adv.广泛地 3.approximately adv.大约;大概 4.analysis n.分析
【差距词汇】 1.undocumented adj.未被记录的
2.categorize vt.将……分类;把……加以归类
3.quantitative adj.定量性的;数量的 4.evolutionary adj.进化的 evolution n.进化;演变 5.diversify v.使多样化;变化
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