2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册强化练习题--Unit 5 Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（含答案与解析）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册
Unit 5 Into the unknown
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.(2021天津3月)These (扩展) into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives.
2.The freshman (拒绝考虑) the online investment because there were potential risks.
3.As the longest man-made river in the world, the Grand C has an influential place in China.
4.The Yellow River is the second longest river in China and one of the mother rivers of Chinese (文明).
5.The young man had a passion for the (天文学) as a child and decided to throw himself into the field when growing up.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.As we all know, the British Empire was its peak in the early 20th century.
2.The earthquake in Tangshan caused great damage, leaving the city in (ruin).
3.In this way we can better apply theory practice to solve the conventional problems.
4.(2022全国乙)The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel (abandon).
5.I have been in with a fashion and have learnt more news about designer clothes and cosmetics. (correspond)
6. (bury) in reading the English newspaper every day, I have gained lots of knowledge.
Ⅲ.选词填空
on top of; correspond to; all the more; fall into ruin
Several years ago, some ancient buildings in the area 1. during earthquakes. However, they have been rebuilt by the local people in recent years and the new ones 2. the original ones. 3. this, they look 4. magnificent in the new surroundings.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.当他到达终点线时,大家激动地欢呼起来,尽情地挥舞着双臂。(abandon)
When he reached the finishing line, everyone cheered excitedly and .(读后续写—场景描写)
2.我写信申请我们学校英语协会的志愿者工作,我认为我能够胜任该工作。(apply)
I m writing for our school English association, which I think I am qualified for.
3.她埋头工作,没注意到外面在下雨。(一句多译)
① her work, she didn t notice it was raining outside.(concentrate)
② her work, she didn t notice it was raining outside.(bury)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Maya civilisation 1 (surround) by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century. The Maya built 2 (impress) palaces and temples. 3 is most extraordinary about these structures is how they were built without wheels, metal tools or even animal power. Besides, the Maya applied their understanding of mathematics and astronomy 4 the Maya calendar, which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. On top of these was a writing system, which contained more than 800 characters, with some signs 5 (represent) syllables. It was so complicated that nobody has been able to interpret it 6 (complete) up to now.
In 700 AD, Maya civilisation was at its peak, but it began to mysteriously decline within a couple of 7 (generation). Some research seems 8 (indicate) that the Maya people 9 (they) may have played a role in their downfall, while some suggests natural disasters may have caused the decline. 10 the reasons, Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024山东济宁名校联考)
The Huang He Valley, also 1 (refer) to as the Yellow River Basin, was one of the major birthplaces of Chinese civilisation, because of 2 it is often called the “Mother River”. The basin is at the center of thousands of years of Chinese history. 3 China s second longest river, the Yellow River is over 5,400 kilometers long. It is called the Yellow River because its water carries sand and mud, 4 (give) the river its yellow-brown color.
While it helps create fertile land that is suited for farming, during certain times of the year the Yellow River 5 (frequent) overflows, which damages housing and crops across the North China Plain, 6 important agricultural region. For thousands of years, the Chinese 7 (throw) themselves into conducting major public projects to keep control of the water of the Yellow River, including hydroelectric dams in modern times. Despite the possibility of flooding, the Yellow River Basin is home to a huge population, and many of the country s oldest cities 8 (locate) along the river.
Tribes and villages appeared from around 2100 BC to 1600 BC in the Yellow River Basin. During that time, tribal leaders came together to look into and solve the problem of the Yellow River overflowing and wiping out their villages and crops. With the ability 9 (control) the Yellow River better and save the crops from flooding, a number of 10 (dynasty) were then headquartered in the region. The basin became the center of the Chinese politics, economy and culture.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024重庆市巴蜀中学校期中)
When British archaeologist Howard Carter opened King Tut s tomb(坟墓), it was full of gold and other valuables. When he and his team then attempted to remove King Tut s mummy(木乃伊), they did a great deal of damage to the mummy.
Decades later, in 1968, experts conducted an examination of King Tut s mummy using simple X-ray technology. Three important discoveries led to various theories about his death. First, the X-rays showed that bones in Tut s chest were missing. Some guessed the damage was caused by a war injury or an accident. Plus, there was a small hole in the back of the skull(头骨), and pieces of bones were inside it, causing many to believe that Tut was killed by a blow on the back of the head. Was he murdered by people wanting to take control of Egypt Finally, a serious broken bone was discovered on Tut s left leg. Tut was hurt a few hours before his death. This could have been the result of an accident. Could an infection from the injury have killed Tut
In 2005, scientists under the direction of Zahi Hawass used new X-ray technology to study the mummy. They discovered that the damage to Tut s chest was caused by Howard Carter, and that the hole in Tut s skull was made when the body was getting ready for burial. While this ruled out the theory of murder, it still didn t tell us exactly how he died.
Then, in 2008, when Hawass and his team analyzed the DNA of the mummies in other tombs nearby, they made some shocking discoveries. They found Tut s father and mother, who had similar DNA, were actually brother and sister. The DNA they passed on to Tut might have made it easy for him to catch a disease. Did an infection that started in his broken leg cause his death No one knows for sure. But Hawass and his team hope they will someday have an answer to this age-old mystery.
1.Why was the examination of King Tut s mummy conducted in 1968
A.To determine the cause of Tut s death. B.To assess the condition of Tut s coffin.
C.To discover the identity of Tut s parents. D.To study the treasures found in Tut s tomb.
2.What do we know about the damage to Tut s skull
A.It was caused by an accident. B.It was caused during burial preparation.
C.It was caused by a blow on the head. D.It was caused by Howard Carter s team.
3.What does the discovery of Tut s parents imply
A.Tut s broken leg had little to do with his DNA.
B.Tut s DNA features might have been common.
C.Tut s death was closely connected to their DNA.
D.Tut s health was probably affected by their shared DNA.
4.What is the author s purpose in writing this passage
A.To analyze the cultural significance of King Tut s tomb.
B.To entertain readers with tales of ancient Egyptian royalty.
C.To inform readers about the discoveries surrounding King Tut s death.
D.To persuade readers to follow further research into King Tut s life and death.
B
(2023广东惠州开学考试)
The Mogao Grottoes are located at the western end of the Hexi Corridor along the old Silk Road in Dunhuang, China. Until now, most mural paintings at the Mogao Grottoes have been dated by directly referring to the mural texts or historical documents. However, the creation era (年代) of some is still left uncertain due to the lack of reference materials or the disagreement among art experts.
The drawing style of mural paintings was changing throughout history and can be learned and quantified through painting data. A new dating method has been developed by encoding (把……编码) the drawing styles using visual codes learned through deep learning.This new method successfully discovered the creation era of six mural paintings at the Mogao Grottoes, which was notable progress. This new research work was led by Qingquan Li from Shenzhen University.
With the help of experts from the Dunhuang Academy, seven mural paintings from two grottoes (No. 205 and No. 206) were chosen as subjects for this dating research.
To reveal the creation era of these paintings, Zou Qin, a researcher from Wuhan University, collected 3,860 mural paintings from 194 different grottoes with confirmed creation-era labels. To find the visual codes that can identify the era in these paintings, the researchers used a deep convolutional neural network (卷积神经网络) and classified these painting images according to the right era. Based on the classification model, a dating method was built and applied to dating the seven paintings.
Six of the new dating results were approved by experts from the Dunhuang Academy. “These dating results are correct and the method is great,” said Mr. Wang Huimin, a distinguished expert from the Archaeological Institute of the Dunhuang Academy.
“To the best of our knowledge,” wrote the researchers, “this work represents the first account of a scientific and quantitative manner to support the era prediction and reduce the uncertainties of dating ancient paintings by using deep learning.”
5.In which way can most mural paintings at the Mogao Grottoes be directly dated
A.By checking painting data. B.By identifying the drawing styles.
C.By referring to reference materials. D.By adopting a convolutional neural network.
6.What can be learned about the new dating method
A.It requires a large number of visual codes.
B.It dated the seven chosen mural paintings correctly.
C.It was developed by experts in the Dunhuang Academy.
D.It involves collecting information from the mural texts.
7.What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A.The importance of creation-era labels. B.How the classification model was created.
C.The influence of the new dating research. D.Why the researcher chose 3,860 mural paintings.
8.What was Mr. Wang s attitude toward this new method
A.Doubtful. B.Critical. C.Positive. D.Uninterested.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 5 Into the unknown
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.expansions 2.dismissed 3.Canal 4.civilisation/civilization 5.astronomy
Ⅱ.1.at 考查介词。句意:众所周知,大英帝国在20世纪初处于鼎盛时期。at one s peak为固定搭配,表示“处于鼎盛时期”。故填at。
2.ruins 考查名词复数。句意:唐山的地震造成了巨大的破坏,使这座城市成了一片废墟。in ruins为固定搭配,表示“成为废墟,受损严重”。故填ruins。
3.to 考查介词。句意:这样我们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去解决常规问题。由句意可知,此处使用的是固定搭配“apply...to...”,表示“把……应用到……中”。故填to。
4.abandoned 考查形容词。句意:新环境中的一方应该对你的朋友可能感到被抛弃的事实表示同情。根据语境可知,设空处表示“被抛弃的”,空前的feel为系动词,设空处应用形容词作表语。故填abandoned。
5.correspondence; correspondent 考查名词。句意:我一直和一位时尚记者通信,了解了更多关于名牌服装和化妆品的消息。由第一空前的in和空后的with及语境可知此处使用的是固定搭配in correspondence with...,表示“与……通信联系”,故第一空填correspondence;in correspondence with后接的是sb.,再结合语境和第二空前的a fashion可知,第二空指的是人,表示“记者”,且为单数,故第二空填correspondent。
6.Buried 考查过去分词。句意:我每天埋头读英文报纸,获得了许多知识。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语动词have gained且无连词,所以设空处应用非谓语动词作状语;be buried in为固定搭配,表示“埋头于……;专注于……”,此处应用过去分词作状语,故填Buried。
Ⅲ.1.fell into ruin 2.correspond to 3.On top of 4.all the more
Ⅳ.1.waved their arms with abandon
2.to apply for the volunteer job
3.①Concentrating on ②Burying herself in
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.has been surrounded 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由时间状语“since its rediscovery in the 19th century”可知应用现在完成时;主语Maya civilisation与surround之间是被动关系,因此应用现在完成时的被动语态;civilisation在此处是不可数名词,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been surrounded。
2.impressive 考查形容词。设空处修饰空后的名词短语palaces and temples,应用形容词。故填impressive。
3.What 考查名词性从句。分析句子可知,“ 3 is most extraordinary about these structures”为设空处引导的主语从句,从句中缺少主语,设空处表示“……的东西”,故填What。
4.to 考查介词。apply...to...是固定搭配,意为“把……应用到……中”。故填to。
5.representing 考查现在分词。分析句子可知,“with some signs 5 syllables”是with的复合结构,some signs是宾语,设空处作宾语补足语;宾语some signs与represent之间是逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词作宾补。故填representing。
6.completely 考查副词。设空处修饰动词interpret,应用副词。故填completely。
7.generations 考查名词复数。generation在此处意为“一代,一辈”,是可数名词,由空前的a couple of可知应用名词复数。故填generations。
8.to indicate 考查动词不定式。seem to do sth.意为“似乎做某事”,动词不定式作表语。故填to indicate。
9.themselves 考查反身代词。分析句子可知,设空处作the Maya people的同位语,表示“他们自己”,应用反身代词。故填themselves。
10.Whatever 考查让步状语从句。分析句子并结合语境可知,“ 10 the reasons”为设空处引导的让步状语从句,设空处表示“无论什么”,故填Whatever。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黄河流域是中国古代文明的主要发祥地之一,后来成为当时中国的政治、经济和文化中心。
1.referred 考查过去分词。分析句子可知,设空处作后置定语修饰“The Huang He Valley”,refer与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系,因此应用过去分词。故填referred。
2.which 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,“because of 2 ”引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句的内容,故填which。
3.As 考查介词。句意:作为中国第二长河,黄河全长五千四百多千米。设空处后面是名词短语,根据语境可知这里表示“作为”,应用介词as,注意句首单词首字母大写。故填As。
4.giving 考查现在分词。句意:它被称为黄河,因为它的水携带沙子和泥土,使河流呈黄褐色。分析句子可知,设空处应用非谓语动词作状语,提示词give与其逻辑主语“its water carries sand and mud”之间为主动关系,且表示自然而然的结果,因此应用现在分词。故填giving。
5.frequently 考查副词。句意:虽然黄河帮助创造了适合耕种的肥沃土地,但在一年中的某些时候,它经常泛滥,破坏华北平原这个重要的农业地区的房屋和庄稼。设空处修饰动词overflows,应用副词。故填frequently。
6.an 考查冠词。句意同上题。空后的region为可数名词,此处表示泛指,应用不定冠词,且important的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。
7.have thrown 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:几千年来,中国人一直在积极进行重大的公共工程来控制黄河的水,包括现代的水电站大坝。根据句中的时间状语“For thousands of years”可知,谓语动词应用现在完成时;主语“the Chinese”表示复数意义,谓语动词应用复数。故填have thrown。
8.are located 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:尽管有可能发生洪水,但黄河流域是众多人口的家园,中国许多最古老的城市都位于黄河沿岸。此处描述客观事实,应用一般现在时;主语“many of the country s oldest cities”为复数意义且与locate之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填are located。
9.to control 考查动词不定式。句意:由于有能力更好地控制黄河,并使庄稼免于被洪水淹没,那时的许多朝代都将国都设在该地区。the ability to do sth.表示“做某事的能力”,动词不定式作后置定语。故填to control。
10.dynasties 考查名词的复数。句意同上题。分析句子可知,设空处在句中作主语,应用名词;dynasty是可数名词,前面有“a number of”,所以应用复数。故填dynasties。
【高频词汇】 1.be suited for...适合……;适宜……
2.appear v.出现 3.wipe out彻底消灭;全部摧毁
【差距词汇】 1.fertile adj.肥沃的 2.hydroelectric adj.水力发电的 3.be headquartered in总部设在……
长难句
原句 While it helps create fertile land that is suited for farming, during certain times of the year the Yellow River frequently overflows, which damages housing and crops across the North China Plain, an important agricultural region.
分析 本句为主从复合句。While引导让步状语从句;that引导定语从句,修饰先行词land;which引导非限制性定语从句,其先行词是“during certain times of the year the Yellow River frequently overflows”。
译文 虽然黄河帮助创造了适合耕种的肥沃土地,但在一年中的某些时候,它经常泛滥,破坏华北平原这个重要的农业地区的房屋和庄稼。
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于古埃及法老图坦卡蒙死因的一些新发现。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Decades later, in 1968, experts conducted an examination of King Tut s mummy...Three important discoveries led to various theories about his death.”可知,1968年对图坦卡蒙的木乃伊进行检查是为了确定图坦卡蒙的死因。故选A。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They discovered that...the hole in Tut s skull was made when the body was getting ready for burial.”可知,图坦卡蒙头骨的损伤是在准备埋葬时造成的。故选B。
3.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“They found Tut s father and mother, who had similar DNA, were actually brother and sister. The DNA they passed on to Tut might have made it easy for him to catch a disease.”可推断,关于图坦卡蒙父母的发现表明他的健康很可能受到他们共同DNA的影响。故选D。
4.C 推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是根据第二段中的“Three important discoveries led to various theories about his death.”可推断,文章的写作目的是告诉读者关于图坦卡蒙之死的发现。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.attempt v.努力;试图;尝试 2.missing adj.找不到的;丢失的;缺少的 3.rule out把……排除在外;认为……不适合 4.pass on...to把……传给/转交给……
【熟词生义】 valuables n.贵重物品
长难句
原句 Plus, there was a small hole in the back of the skull, and pieces of bones were inside it, causing many to believe that Tut was killed by a blow on the back of the head.
分析 本句为并列复合句。and连接两个并列分句。现在分词短语“causing many to believe...the back of the head”作结果状语,其中的that引导宾语从句,作believe的宾语。
译文 另外,在图坦卡蒙的头骨后部有一个小洞,里面有一些骨头碎片,这使许多人认为图坦卡蒙死于对后脑勺的一击。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员已经开发出一种新的测年方法来确定中国莫高窟古代壁画的年代。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Until now, most mural paintings at the Mogao Grottoes have been dated by directly referring to the mural texts or historical documents.”和第三句中的“due to the lack of reference materials”可知,通过参考材料,如壁画文字或历史文献等,可以直接确定壁画的年代。故选C。
6.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“A new dating method has been developed by encoding the drawing styles using visual codes learned through deep learning.”和第四段中的“To reveal the creation era of...collected 3,860 mural paintings...To find the visual codes...in these paintings...the right era.”可知,新的测年方法需要在大量的壁画作品中提取大量的视觉代码从而对绘画风格进行编码。故选A。
7.B 主旨大意题。根据第四段内容中的“收集了3,860幅有确定年代标签的壁画→采用深度卷积神经网络并将绘画图像按照正确的年代分类→基于分类模型,建立并对七幅壁画应用了测年方法”可知,第四段主要介绍了分类模型是如何创建的。故选B。
8.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中王先生的话“These dating results are correct and the method is great(这些测年结果是正确的,这种方法很棒)”可推知,王先生对这种新的测年方法持肯定态度。A.怀疑的;B.批评的;D.不感兴趣的,冷淡的。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.reveal v.显示;揭示 2.confirm v.确认,证实 3.identify v.鉴定,确认;找到,发现;说明身份 4.classify v.将……分类 5.be approved by被……认可
【熟词生义】 date v.确定年代
【差距词汇】 quantify v.以数量表述,量化 quantitative adj.量化的
长难句
原句 To find the visual codes that can identify the era in these paintings, the researchers used a deep
convolutional neural network and classified these painting images according to the right era.
分析 本句为主从复合句。“To find...these paintings”为不定式短语作目的状语,其中, that引导定语从句修饰先行词visual codes。
译文 为了在这些绘画中找到可以识别年代的视觉代码,研究者们采用了深度卷积神经网络,并按照正确的年代对这些绘画图像进行分类。
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2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册
Unit 5 Into the unknown
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.(2021天津3月)These (扩展) into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives.
2.The freshman (拒绝考虑) the online investment because there were potential risks.
3.As the longest man-made river in the world, the Grand C has an influential place in China.
4.The Yellow River is the second longest river in China and one of the mother rivers of Chinese (文明).
5.The young man had a passion for the (天文学) as a child and decided to throw himself into the field when growing up.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.As we all know, the British Empire was its peak in the early 20th century.
2.The earthquake in Tangshan caused great damage, leaving the city in (ruin).
3.In this way we can better apply theory practice to solve the conventional problems.
4.(2022全国乙)The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel (abandon).
5.I have been in with a fashion and have learnt more news about designer clothes and cosmetics. (correspond)
6. (bury) in reading the English newspaper every day, I have gained lots of knowledge.
Ⅲ.选词填空
on top of; correspond to; all the more; fall into ruin
Several years ago, some ancient buildings in the area 1. during earthquakes. However, they have been rebuilt by the local people in recent years and the new ones 2. the original ones. 3. this, they look 4. magnificent in the new surroundings.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.当他到达终点线时,大家激动地欢呼起来,尽情地挥舞着双臂。(abandon)
When he reached the finishing line, everyone cheered excitedly and .(读后续写—场景描写)
2.我写信申请我们学校英语协会的志愿者工作,我认为我能够胜任该工作。(apply)
I m writing for our school English association, which I think I am qualified for.
3.她埋头工作,没注意到外面在下雨。(一句多译)
① her work, she didn t notice it was raining outside.(concentrate)
② her work, she didn t notice it was raining outside.(bury)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Maya civilisation 1 (surround) by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century. The Maya built 2 (impress) palaces and temples. 3 is most extraordinary about these structures is how they were built without wheels, metal tools or even animal power. Besides, the Maya applied their understanding of mathematics and astronomy 4 the Maya calendar, which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. On top of these was a writing system, which contained more than 800 characters, with some signs 5 (represent) syllables. It was so complicated that nobody has been able to interpret it 6 (complete) up to now.
In 700 AD, Maya civilisation was at its peak, but it began to mysteriously decline within a couple of 7 (generation). Some research seems 8 (indicate) that the Maya people 9 (they) may have played a role in their downfall, while some suggests natural disasters may have caused the decline. 10 the reasons, Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024山东济宁名校联考)
The Huang He Valley, also 1 (refer) to as the Yellow River Basin, was one of the major birthplaces of Chinese civilisation, because of 2 it is often called the “Mother River”. The basin is at the center of thousands of years of Chinese history. 3 China s second longest river, the Yellow River is over 5,400 kilometers long. It is called the Yellow River because its water carries sand and mud, 4 (give) the river its yellow-brown color.
While it helps create fertile land that is suited for farming, during certain times of the year the Yellow River 5 (frequent) overflows, which damages housing and crops across the North China Plain, 6 important agricultural region. For thousands of years, the Chinese 7 (throw) themselves into conducting major public projects to keep control of the water of the Yellow River, including hydroelectric dams in modern times. Despite the possibility of flooding, the Yellow River Basin is home to a huge population, and many of the country s oldest cities 8 (locate) along the river.
Tribes and villages appeared from around 2100 BC to 1600 BC in the Yellow River Basin. During that time, tribal leaders came together to look into and solve the problem of the Yellow River overflowing and wiping out their villages and crops. With the ability 9 (control) the Yellow River better and save the crops from flooding, a number of 10 (dynasty) were then headquartered in the region. The basin became the center of the Chinese politics, economy and culture.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024重庆市巴蜀中学校期中)
When British archaeologist Howard Carter opened King Tut s tomb(坟墓), it was full of gold and other valuables. When he and his team then attempted to remove King Tut s mummy(木乃伊), they did a great deal of damage to the mummy.
Decades later, in 1968, experts conducted an examination of King Tut s mummy using simple X-ray technology. Three important discoveries led to various theories about his death. First, the X-rays showed that bones in Tut s chest were missing. Some guessed the damage was caused by a war injury or an accident. Plus, there was a small hole in the back of the skull(头骨), and pieces of bones were inside it, causing many to believe that Tut was killed by a blow on the back of the head. Was he murdered by people wanting to take control of Egypt Finally, a serious broken bone was discovered on Tut s left leg. Tut was hurt a few hours before his death. This could have been the result of an accident. Could an infection from the injury have killed Tut
In 2005, scientists under the direction of Zahi Hawass used new X-ray technology to study the mummy. They discovered that the damage to Tut s chest was caused by Howard Carter, and that the hole in Tut s skull was made when the body was getting ready for burial. While this ruled out the theory of murder, it still didn t tell us exactly how he died.
Then, in 2008, when Hawass and his team analyzed the DNA of the mummies in other tombs nearby, they made some shocking discoveries. They found Tut s father and mother, who had similar DNA, were actually brother and sister. The DNA they passed on to Tut might have made it easy for him to catch a disease. Did an infection that started in his broken leg cause his death No one knows for sure. But Hawass and his team hope they will someday have an answer to this age-old mystery.
1.Why was the examination of King Tut s mummy conducted in 1968
A.To determine the cause of Tut s death. B.To assess the condition of Tut s coffin.
C.To discover the identity of Tut s parents. D.To study the treasures found in Tut s tomb.
2.What do we know about the damage to Tut s skull
A.It was caused by an accident. B.It was caused during burial preparation.
C.It was caused by a blow on the head. D.It was caused by Howard Carter s team.
3.What does the discovery of Tut s parents imply
A.Tut s broken leg had little to do with his DNA.
B.Tut s DNA features might have been common.
C.Tut s death was closely connected to their DNA.
D.Tut s health was probably affected by their shared DNA.
4.What is the author s purpose in writing this passage
A.To analyze the cultural significance of King Tut s tomb.
B.To entertain readers with tales of ancient Egyptian royalty.
C.To inform readers about the discoveries surrounding King Tut s death.
D.To persuade readers to follow further research into King Tut s life and death.
B
(2023广东惠州开学考试)
The Mogao Grottoes are located at the western end of the Hexi Corridor along the old Silk Road in Dunhuang, China. Until now, most mural paintings at the Mogao Grottoes have been dated by directly referring to the mural texts or historical documents. However, the creation era (年代) of some is still left uncertain due to the lack of reference materials or the disagreement among art experts.
The drawing style of mural paintings was changing throughout history and can be learned and quantified through painting data. A new dating method has been developed by encoding (把……编码) the drawing styles using visual codes learned through deep learning.This new method successfully discovered the creation era of six mural paintings at the Mogao Grottoes, which was notable progress. This new research work was led by Qingquan Li from Shenzhen University.
With the help of experts from the Dunhuang Academy, seven mural paintings from two grottoes (No. 205 and No. 206) were chosen as subjects for this dating research.
To reveal the creation era of these paintings, Zou Qin, a researcher from Wuhan University, collected 3,860 mural paintings from 194 different grottoes with confirmed creation-era labels. To find the visual codes that can identify the era in these paintings, the researchers used a deep convolutional neural network (卷积神经网络) and classified these painting images according to the right era. Based on the classification model, a dating method was built and applied to dating the seven paintings.
Six of the new dating results were approved by experts from the Dunhuang Academy. “These dating results are correct and the method is great,” said Mr. Wang Huimin, a distinguished expert from the Archaeological Institute of the Dunhuang Academy.
“To the best of our knowledge,” wrote the researchers, “this work represents the first account of a scientific and quantitative manner to support the era prediction and reduce the uncertainties of dating ancient paintings by using deep learning.”
5.In which way can most mural paintings at the Mogao Grottoes be directly dated
A.By checking painting data. B.By identifying the drawing styles.
C.By referring to reference materials. D.By adopting a convolutional neural network.
6.What can be learned about the new dating method
A.It requires a large number of visual codes.
B.It dated the seven chosen mural paintings correctly.
C.It was developed by experts in the Dunhuang Academy.
D.It involves collecting information from the mural texts.
7.What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A.The importance of creation-era labels. B.How the classification model was created.
C.The influence of the new dating research. D.Why the researcher chose 3,860 mural paintings.
8.What was Mr. Wang s attitude toward this new method
A.Doubtful. B.Critical. C.Positive. D.Uninterested.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 5 Into the unknown
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.expansions 2.dismissed 3.Canal 4.civilisation/civilization 5.astronomy
Ⅱ.1.at 考查介词。句意:众所周知,大英帝国在20世纪初处于鼎盛时期。at one s peak为固定搭配,表示“处于鼎盛时期”。故填at。
2.ruins 考查名词复数。句意:唐山的地震造成了巨大的破坏,使这座城市成了一片废墟。in ruins为固定搭配,表示“成为废墟,受损严重”。故填ruins。
3.to 考查介词。句意:这样我们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去解决常规问题。由句意可知,此处使用的是固定搭配“apply...to...”,表示“把……应用到……中”。故填to。
4.abandoned 考查形容词。句意:新环境中的一方应该对你的朋友可能感到被抛弃的事实表示同情。根据语境可知,设空处表示“被抛弃的”,空前的feel为系动词,设空处应用形容词作表语。故填abandoned。
5.correspondence; correspondent 考查名词。句意:我一直和一位时尚记者通信,了解了更多关于名牌服装和化妆品的消息。由第一空前的in和空后的with及语境可知此处使用的是固定搭配in correspondence with...,表示“与……通信联系”,故第一空填correspondence;in correspondence with后接的是sb.,再结合语境和第二空前的a fashion可知,第二空指的是人,表示“记者”,且为单数,故第二空填correspondent。
6.Buried 考查过去分词。句意:我每天埋头读英文报纸,获得了许多知识。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语动词have gained且无连词,所以设空处应用非谓语动词作状语;be buried in为固定搭配,表示“埋头于……;专注于……”,此处应用过去分词作状语,故填Buried。
Ⅲ.1.fell into ruin 2.correspond to 3.On top of 4.all the more
Ⅳ.1.waved their arms with abandon
2.to apply for the volunteer job
3.①Concentrating on ②Burying herself in
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.has been surrounded 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由时间状语“since its rediscovery in the 19th century”可知应用现在完成时;主语Maya civilisation与surround之间是被动关系,因此应用现在完成时的被动语态;civilisation在此处是不可数名词,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been surrounded。
2.impressive 考查形容词。设空处修饰空后的名词短语palaces and temples,应用形容词。故填impressive。
3.What 考查名词性从句。分析句子可知,“ 3 is most extraordinary about these structures”为设空处引导的主语从句,从句中缺少主语,设空处表示“……的东西”,故填What。
4.to 考查介词。apply...to...是固定搭配,意为“把……应用到……中”。故填to。
5.representing 考查现在分词。分析句子可知,“with some signs 5 syllables”是with的复合结构,some signs是宾语,设空处作宾语补足语;宾语some signs与represent之间是逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词作宾补。故填representing。
6.completely 考查副词。设空处修饰动词interpret,应用副词。故填completely。
7.generations 考查名词复数。generation在此处意为“一代,一辈”,是可数名词,由空前的a couple of可知应用名词复数。故填generations。
8.to indicate 考查动词不定式。seem to do sth.意为“似乎做某事”,动词不定式作表语。故填to indicate。
9.themselves 考查反身代词。分析句子可知,设空处作the Maya people的同位语,表示“他们自己”,应用反身代词。故填themselves。
10.Whatever 考查让步状语从句。分析句子并结合语境可知,“ 10 the reasons”为设空处引导的让步状语从句,设空处表示“无论什么”,故填Whatever。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黄河流域是中国古代文明的主要发祥地之一,后来成为当时中国的政治、经济和文化中心。
1.referred 考查过去分词。分析句子可知,设空处作后置定语修饰“The Huang He Valley”,refer与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系,因此应用过去分词。故填referred。
2.which 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,“because of 2 ”引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句的内容,故填which。
3.As 考查介词。句意:作为中国第二长河,黄河全长五千四百多千米。设空处后面是名词短语,根据语境可知这里表示“作为”,应用介词as,注意句首单词首字母大写。故填As。
4.giving 考查现在分词。句意:它被称为黄河,因为它的水携带沙子和泥土,使河流呈黄褐色。分析句子可知,设空处应用非谓语动词作状语,提示词give与其逻辑主语“its water carries sand and mud”之间为主动关系,且表示自然而然的结果,因此应用现在分词。故填giving。
5.frequently 考查副词。句意:虽然黄河帮助创造了适合耕种的肥沃土地,但在一年中的某些时候,它经常泛滥,破坏华北平原这个重要的农业地区的房屋和庄稼。设空处修饰动词overflows,应用副词。故填frequently。
6.an 考查冠词。句意同上题。空后的region为可数名词,此处表示泛指,应用不定冠词,且important的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。
7.have thrown 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:几千年来,中国人一直在积极进行重大的公共工程来控制黄河的水,包括现代的水电站大坝。根据句中的时间状语“For thousands of years”可知,谓语动词应用现在完成时;主语“the Chinese”表示复数意义,谓语动词应用复数。故填have thrown。
8.are located 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:尽管有可能发生洪水,但黄河流域是众多人口的家园,中国许多最古老的城市都位于黄河沿岸。此处描述客观事实,应用一般现在时;主语“many of the country s oldest cities”为复数意义且与locate之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填are located。
9.to control 考查动词不定式。句意:由于有能力更好地控制黄河,并使庄稼免于被洪水淹没,那时的许多朝代都将国都设在该地区。the ability to do sth.表示“做某事的能力”,动词不定式作后置定语。故填to control。
10.dynasties 考查名词的复数。句意同上题。分析句子可知,设空处在句中作主语,应用名词;dynasty是可数名词,前面有“a number of”,所以应用复数。故填dynasties。
【高频词汇】 1.be suited for...适合……;适宜……
2.appear v.出现 3.wipe out彻底消灭;全部摧毁
【差距词汇】 1.fertile adj.肥沃的 2.hydroelectric adj.水力发电的 3.be headquartered in总部设在……
长难句
原句 While it helps create fertile land that is suited for farming, during certain times of the year the Yellow River frequently overflows, which damages housing and crops across the North China Plain, an important agricultural region.
分析 本句为主从复合句。While引导让步状语从句;that引导定语从句,修饰先行词land;which引导非限制性定语从句,其先行词是“during certain times of the year the Yellow River frequently overflows”。
译文 虽然黄河帮助创造了适合耕种的肥沃土地,但在一年中的某些时候,它经常泛滥,破坏华北平原这个重要的农业地区的房屋和庄稼。
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于古埃及法老图坦卡蒙死因的一些新发现。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Decades later, in 1968, experts conducted an examination of King Tut s mummy...Three important discoveries led to various theories about his death.”可知,1968年对图坦卡蒙的木乃伊进行检查是为了确定图坦卡蒙的死因。故选A。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They discovered that...the hole in Tut s skull was made when the body was getting ready for burial.”可知,图坦卡蒙头骨的损伤是在准备埋葬时造成的。故选B。
3.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“They found Tut s father and mother, who had similar DNA, were actually brother and sister. The DNA they passed on to Tut might have made it easy for him to catch a disease.”可推断,关于图坦卡蒙父母的发现表明他的健康很可能受到他们共同DNA的影响。故选D。
4.C 推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是根据第二段中的“Three important discoveries led to various theories about his death.”可推断,文章的写作目的是告诉读者关于图坦卡蒙之死的发现。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.attempt v.努力;试图;尝试 2.missing adj.找不到的;丢失的;缺少的 3.rule out把……排除在外;认为……不适合 4.pass on...to把……传给/转交给……
【熟词生义】 valuables n.贵重物品
长难句
原句 Plus, there was a small hole in the back of the skull, and pieces of bones were inside it, causing many to believe that Tut was killed by a blow on the back of the head.
分析 本句为并列复合句。and连接两个并列分句。现在分词短语“causing many to believe...the back of the head”作结果状语,其中的that引导宾语从句,作believe的宾语。
译文 另外,在图坦卡蒙的头骨后部有一个小洞,里面有一些骨头碎片,这使许多人认为图坦卡蒙死于对后脑勺的一击。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员已经开发出一种新的测年方法来确定中国莫高窟古代壁画的年代。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Until now, most mural paintings at the Mogao Grottoes have been dated by directly referring to the mural texts or historical documents.”和第三句中的“due to the lack of reference materials”可知,通过参考材料,如壁画文字或历史文献等,可以直接确定壁画的年代。故选C。
6.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“A new dating method has been developed by encoding the drawing styles using visual codes learned through deep learning.”和第四段中的“To reveal the creation era of...collected 3,860 mural paintings...To find the visual codes...in these paintings...the right era.”可知,新的测年方法需要在大量的壁画作品中提取大量的视觉代码从而对绘画风格进行编码。故选A。
7.B 主旨大意题。根据第四段内容中的“收集了3,860幅有确定年代标签的壁画→采用深度卷积神经网络并将绘画图像按照正确的年代分类→基于分类模型,建立并对七幅壁画应用了测年方法”可知,第四段主要介绍了分类模型是如何创建的。故选B。
8.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中王先生的话“These dating results are correct and the method is great(这些测年结果是正确的,这种方法很棒)”可推知,王先生对这种新的测年方法持肯定态度。A.怀疑的;B.批评的;D.不感兴趣的,冷淡的。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.reveal v.显示;揭示 2.confirm v.确认,证实 3.identify v.鉴定,确认;找到,发现;说明身份 4.classify v.将……分类 5.be approved by被……认可
【熟词生义】 date v.确定年代
【差距词汇】 quantify v.以数量表述,量化 quantitative adj.量化的
长难句
原句 To find the visual codes that can identify the era in these paintings, the researchers used a deep
convolutional neural network and classified these painting images according to the right era.
分析 本句为主从复合句。“To find...these paintings”为不定式短语作目的状语,其中, that引导定语从句修饰先行词visual codes。
译文 为了在这些绘画中找到可以识别年代的视觉代码,研究者们采用了深度卷积神经网络,并按照正确的年代对这些绘画图像进行分类。
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