2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册强化练习题--Unit 5 Part 2 Using language（含答案与解析）
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2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册
Part 2 Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.His disappearance has been the subject of intensive (调查).
2.The criminal of the car theft made a (逃跑) before the police came.
3.If you wash a superior wool sweater using water at a high temperature, it ll s in the wash.
4.The little girl saw a stranger and (后退) for several steps, too shy to speak to him.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.When you talk with an unfamiliar woman, you d better steer clear age.
2.The state announced a new policy on education last month and set out (carry) it out.
3.With pieces of masonry(砖石) falling all around her, she ran her life hurriedly.
4.This course is designed for the people who shrink the thought of giving a speech in public.
Ⅲ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
1.The main question is you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.
2.(2020江苏)It is not a problem we can win the battle; it s just a matter of time.
3.(2021全国甲)Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see things look when they try them on.
4.(2022全国乙)It is calculated European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance.
5.Recently researchers have come to the conclusion singing in groups could have a positive impact on reducing anxiety and depression.
6.(2022新高考Ⅰ)You might think about posting you are looking for on social media, but it probably won t result in a useful response.
题型(二)
用适当的引导词填空
I don t know 1. you have noticed 2. some students don t want to walk to school. 3. can be seen every day is that some students parent s drive them to school. But nowadays, 4. we should realize is 5. the air is seriously polluted. Do you know what we can do about it I think it is important 6. we should take action right now. Here I have a suggestion 7. we should ride our bikes to school! This is 8. it will not only have significant benefits for our health, but also help improve our environment. 9. we will have a better environment depends on 10. we can do for ourselves and for nature.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.男孩站起来走了,留下他的父亲坐在沙发上,一言不发。(leave的复合结构)
The boy got up and walked away, on the sofa, not saying a word.
2.小女孩把头埋在枕头里,哭了很长时间。
her pillow, the little girl wept a long time.(读后续写—情绪描写)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024河北保定期中)
Great white sharks, the largest predatory(捕食性的) sharks in the world with the most fatal attacks on humans, are tough to imagine as newborn babies. That is partially because no one has beheld one in the wild, it seems, until now.
Wildlife filmmaker Carlos Gauna and UC Riverside biology doctoral student Phillip Sternes were scanning the waters for sharks on July 9, 2023, near Santa Barbara on California s central coast. That day, something exciting appeared on the viewfinder of Gauna s drone camera. It was a shark pup(幼崽) unlike any they d ever seen.
“We expanded the images, put them in slow motion, and realized the white layer was being shed(蜕) from its body as it was swimming,” Sternes said. “I believe it was a newborn great white shark shedding its embryonic layer.”
These observations are logged in a new paper in the journal Environmental Biology of Fishes. What Gauna and Sternes observed could help solve the long-standing mystery of the great white shark s birthing habits. This may well be the first evidence we have of a pup in the wild. Great white sharks, referred to only as white sharks by scientists, are gray on the top and white on the bottom. But this roughly 5-foot-long shark was pure white.
Though the paper authors acknowledge that it is possible that the white layer the shark shed might have been caused by a skin condition, the two believe what they saw was in fact a newborn great white shark. First, female great white sharks give birth to live pups. A second reason is the presence of large, potentially pregnant great white sharks in this location. Finally, this location off the coast of central California has long been proposed as a birthing location for great white sharks. Many scholars believe great white sharks are born farther out at sea.
Great white sharks are listed as a critically endangered species. “Further research is needed to confirm these waters are indeed a great breeding ground. But if they are, we would want lawmakers to step in and protect these waters to help great white sharks keep thriving,” Sternes said.
1.What do we know about what appeared on Gauna s drone camera
A.It is rare in the world. B.It is tough to identify.
C.It is not open to the public. D.It is unbelievable to scientists.
2.What does the pup look like
A.Pure gray. B.White only on the bottom.
C.Gray on the top. D.Pure white.
3.What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A.How female great white sharks give birth to pups.
B.How the observers prove they saw a baby shark.
C.Why the observers believe they saw a newborn shark.
D.Why the observers think the white layer is caused by a skin condition.
4.What does Sternes hope for if their assumption is confirmed
A.Helping great white sharks to stop breeding.
B.Using laws to protect great white sharks and the breeding ground.
C.Listing great white sharks as an endangered species.
D.A further study to confirm great white shark breeding waters.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023江苏南京师大附中期中)
Imagine that as you are boarding an airplane, half the engineers who built the plane tell you there is a 10 percent chance that the plane will crash, and that you and everyone else on board can t make a getaway. Would you still board
In 2022, over 700 top academics and researchers behind the leading artificial intelligence companies were asked in an investigation about future risk of AI. Half of those questioned stated that there was a 10 percent or greater chance of human extinction from future AI systems. 1
The fear of AI has haunted humanity since the mid-20th century, yet until recently AI has remained a distant prospect, something that belongs to sci-fi more than to serious scientific and political debates. 2 It is even harder to grasp the speed at which these tools are developing even more advanced and powerful capabilities. But most of the key skills boil down to one thing: the ability to manipulate (操作,操纵) and generate language, whether with words, sounds or images.
In the beginning was the word. 3 From language emerge myth and law, goods and money, art and science, friendships and nations, and even computer code. AI s new mastery of language means it can now hack and manipulate the operating system of civilisation. What would it mean for humans to live in a world where a large percentage of stories, melodies, images, laws, policies and tools are shaped by non-human intelligence 4 What will happen when the same thing occurs in art, politics, and even religion
5 We are surrounded by culture, experiencing reality through a cultural prism (棱镜). Our views are shaped by the reports of journalists and the accounts of friends. What will it be like to experience reality through a prism produced by non-human intelligence We should reckon with AI before our politics, our economy and our daily life become dependent on it.
A.Humans often don t have direct access to reality.
B.Language is the operating system of human culture.
C.In games like chess, no human can hope for beating a computer.
D.By gaining mastery of language, AI is seizing the master key to civilisation.
E.Technology companies are caught in a race to put all of humanity on that plane.
F.For thousands of years we humans have lived inside the dreams of other humans.
G.It s difficult for human minds to grasp the capabilities of GPT-4 and similar tools.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2024湖南湘楚名校月考) In May 1869, John Wesley Powell, a former Union Army major who had lost most of his right 1 in the Battle of Shiloh, led 9 2 in launching four heavy wooden boats loaded to the gunwales with 10 months of supplies.
Three of the boats were made of oak, more suitable for cruising lakes than traversing(穿过) rapids(急流). None of the men were 3 sailors. The one-armed captain of the crew had maps with gaps in them. 4 , it has been the grandest expedition since Lewis and Clark. Over 500 rapids and 1,000 miles of 5 currents awaited them.
Though Powell had boats custom-made for the 6 , they were heavy. He recruited men who knew how to 7 in the wilderness but had never navigated a river. He packed so much food that it 8 sank the boats from the start.
Much of the journey was spent 9 boats damaged while sailing across rapids and carving new oars out of driftwood. Food was lost or spoiled, game was scarce, and Powell went inland to 10 with the Indians for food. The expedition spent days in 11 water and 115-degree heat. Three men abandoned the cause along the way. The crew slept on boulders and 12 wet clothing the next morning. And most of the time, they had no idea what lay ahead. But at the end of the arduous journey, they had successfully 13 the challenges and mapped a wilderness previously labeled as “unknown territory”. As the West expanded, Powell s maps would be 14 .
Beauty is in the living of life, and in looking beyond the challenges to the 15 of the small moments we achieve—sometimes against all odds.
1.A.leg B.arm
C.ear D.fingers
2.A.explorers B.soldiers
C.heroes D.boatmen
3.A.rude B.greedy
C.experienced D.honest
4.A.Still B.Otherwise
C.Thus D.However
5.A.remote B.quiet
C.unknown D.vast
6.A.trip B.journey
C.travel D.tour
7.A.retreat B.hunt
C.hide D.survive
8.A.nearly B.already
C.mostly D.never
9.A.making B.handling
C.rowing D.repairing
10.A.investigate B.discuss
C.fight D.negotiate
11.A.shallow B.freezing
C.violent D.polluted
12.A.put into B.put up
C.put on D.put aside
13.A.adapted to B.stuck to
C.saw to D.got to
14.A.notable B.priceless
C.measurable D.considerable
15.A.strength B.attempt
C.position D.wonder
答案与分层梯度式解析
Part 2 Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.investigation(s) 2.getaway 3.shrink 4.retreated
Ⅱ.1.of 考查介词。句意:当你与一位陌生的女士交谈时,最好不要谈及年龄。由句意可知,此处使用的是固定搭配steer clear of...,意为“避开……”。
2.to carry 考查动词不定式。句意:政府上个月宣布了一项新的教育政策,并着手落实这项政策。set out to do sth.开始做某事。
类比启发
set about doing sth.也表示“开始做某事”。注意set后的词不同,后面非谓语动词的形式也随之不同。
3.for 考查介词。句意:砖石碎片掉落在她四面八方,她急忙逃命。由句意可知,此处使用的是固定搭配run for one s life,表示“逃命”。
4.from 考查介词。句意:这个课程是专为那些一想到在公众面前演讲就退缩的人开设的。由句意可知,此处使用的是固定搭配shrink from,表示“避免(做),不愿(做)”。
Ⅲ.题型(一)
1.whether 考查表语从句。句意:主要的问题是,你想要你的手臂放在睡袋里面还是外面。分析句子可知,设空处引导表语从句;根据语境可知设空处意为“是否”,结合句中的or可知,此处应用whether引导表语从句,构成whether...or...结构。故填whether。
易错归因
本题易错填if。if虽然可以表示“是否”,但不能引导表语从句,故本题不能填if。
2.whether/if 考查主语从句。句意:我们能否打赢这场仗不是问题,这只是时间问题。分析句子可知,设空处引导主语从句;根据语境可知设空处意为“是否”,应用whether或if引导主语从句。故填whether或if。
3.how 考查宾语从句。句意:在你的房间四周放几面镜子,这样人们试穿时就能看到衣物的样子。分析句子可知,设空处引导宾语从句;根据语境可知设空处意为“怎样;如何”,应用连接副词how引导宾语从句。故填how。
4.that 考查主语从句。句意:据计算,仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就有大约两百亿欧元。分析句子可知,本句使用了“It is calculated that...”句式,其中It是形式主语,that引导主语从句。故填that。
5.that 考查同位语从句。句意:最近研究人员得出结论,在群体中唱歌对减少焦虑和抑郁有积极的影响。设空处引导的是同位语从句,对conclusion进行解释说明,从句不缺少成分,设空处没有实际意义,应用连接词that。故填that。
6.what 考查宾语从句。句意:你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西(的帖子),但它可能不会得到有用的回应。分析句子可知,设空处引导宾语从句,从句中缺少宾语,表示“……的东西”,应用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故填what。
题型(二)
1.whether/if 2.that 3.What 4.what 5.that 6.that
7.that 8.because 9.Whether 10.what
Ⅳ.1.leaving his father sitting 2.Burying her head in
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了野生动物电影制片人Carlos Gauna和生物学博士研究生Phillip Sternes在加利福尼亚海岸首次拍摄到疑似大白鲨幼崽蜕去胚层的珍贵画面,这一发现有助于揭示大白鲨繁殖习惯的奥秘。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段的“That is partially because no one has beheld one in the wild, it seems, until now.”及第二段的“It was a shark pup unlike any they d ever seen.”可知,镜头中出现的鲨鱼幼崽是之前没有人看见过的,且和以前他们见到的大白鲨不像,由此可知,这在世界上是罕见的。故选A。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第四段的“But this roughly 5-foot-long shark was pure white.”可知,这只大白鲨幼崽是纯白色的。故选D。
3.C 主旨大意题。根据第五段的“the two believe what they saw was in fact a newborn great white shark”可知他们两人认为他们看到的实际上是一只新生的大白鲨,并通过“First...A second reason is...Finally...”进行了证明,所以第五段主要讲的是观察者认为他们看到的是一只大白鲨幼崽的原因。故选C。
4.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“But if they are, we would want lawmakers to step in and protect these waters to help great white sharks keep thriving”可知,如果他们的假设得到证实,Sternes希望利用法律途径保护大白鲨及它们的繁殖地。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.fatal adj.致命的 2.evidence n.证据;证明 3.acknowledge v.承认 4.give birth to生(孩子),产(仔) 5.presence n.出现 6.propose v.建议
7.endangered adj.濒危的 8.confirm v.证实;确认
【差距词汇】 1.viewfinder n.取景器 2.embryonic adj.胚胎的 3.thrive v.茁壮成长;蓬勃发展
长难句
原句 Though the paper authors acknowledge that it is possible that the white layer the shark shed might have been caused by a skin condition, the two believe what they saw was in fact a newborn great white shark.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。Though引导让步状语从句,acknowledge后面是由第一个that引导的宾语从句,在宾语从句中it作形式主语,由第二个that引导的从句是真正的主语,在该从句中又含有一个省略了关系代词的定语从句“the shark shed”,修饰the white layer;主句中believe后面是省略that的宾语从句,在宾语从句中what引导主语从句。
译文 尽管论文作者承认鲨鱼蜕下的白色层可能是由一种皮肤病导致的,但这两个人认为他们看到的实际上是一只新生的大白鲨。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能可能让人类面临巨大危机。
1.E 根据设空处上文“一半的被询问者表示,未来的人工智能系统有10%或更大的可能性导致人类灭绝”,并结合第一段提到的“让人们登上有10%坠机可能的飞机”可推知,技术(人工智能)让人类都登上了这架可能坠毁的“飞机”。E项(科技公司陷入了一场让全人类都登上那架飞机的竞赛)与上文话题一致,符合语境,故选E。
2.G 根据设空处下文中的“even harder to grasp”可推断,设空处提到了一种难以掌握的东西。G项(人类大脑很难掌握GPT-4和类似工具的功能)引起下文,符合语境。G项中的difficult呼应下文中的even harder,G项中的grasp和capabilities在下文中复现,下文中的these tools指代G项中的“GPT-4 and similar tools”。故选G。
3.B 根据设空处下文“From language...computer code.”可知,语言对人类来说尤为重要;结合选项可知B项也是关于语言的,B项中的Language与下文中的language对应,且与上文中的word呼应。再结合本段中的“AI s new mastery...of civilisation.”可推断,语言之所以重要是因为它是文明的操作系统。B项(语言是人类文化的操作系统)符合语境。故选B。
易错归因
本题易错选D项,只关注到了选项中有相同词汇(language、AI、civilisation)的复现,但忽略了对语境的理解。D项的语意与上下文不符,上下文说的都是语言的情况,而D项说的是AI的情况,且D项与下文第二句语意重复,故排除D项。
4.C 根据设空处上文“人工智能对语言的新掌握意味着它现在可以破解和操纵文明的操作系统”和下文“当同样的事情发生在艺术、政治甚至宗教中时会发生什么 ”再结合选项可知,C项(在像国际象棋这样的游戏中,没有人能指望打败电脑)符合语境。下文中的“the same thing”指代C项中的“no human can hope for beating a computer”,即人工智能打败人类。故选C。
5.A 根据下文“我们被文化包围,通过文化棱镜体验现实。记者的报道和朋友的描述塑造了我们的观点。通过非人类智慧产生的棱镜来体验现实会是什么样子 ”可知,我们的观点通常都是通过别人形成的。结合选项可知A项(人类通常无法直接接触现实)与下文内容一致,符合语境。A项中的“have direct access to reality”与下文中的“experiencing reality”呼应。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.crash v.& n.碰撞;崩溃;失败
2.extinction n.灭绝 3.grasp v.掌握,理解,领会;抓紧 n.理解(力),领会;紧抓 4.emerge v.出现,浮现,露出 5.be shaped by...受……影响
【熟词生义】 academic n.高校教师,高校科研人员
【差距词汇】 haunt v.萦绕于脑际,难以忘却;长期不断地缠扰
长难句
原句 Imagine that as you are boarding an airplane, half the engineers who built the plane tell you there is a 10 percent chance that the plane will crash, and that you and everyone else on board can t make a getaway.
分析 本句为主从复合句。主句为祈使句。Imagine后为 that引导的宾语从句。其中,as引导时间状语从句;“who built the plane”为who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the engineers; tell you后面为第一个and连接的两个并列的宾语从句,第一个and前的宾语从句省略了引导词that,chance后的that引导同位语从句,解释说明chance的内容。
译文 想象一下:当你正要登上飞机时,建造飞机的工程师有一半人告诉你飞机有10%的可能会坠机,并且你和飞机上的其他所有人都无法逃生。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了失去大部分右臂的前联邦军队少校John Wesley Powell率领9名队员乘坐重型木船进行探险的故事。
1.B 根据第二段中的“The one-armed captain of the crew had maps with gaps in them.”可知,John Wesley Powell失去了右臂的一大部分。leg腿;arm手臂;ear耳朵;finger手指。故选B。
2.A 根据上文“led 9”和第三段中的“He recruited men who knew how to 7 in the wilderness but had never navigated a river.”可推断,此处指Powell带领9名探险者开启航程。explorer探险者;soldier士兵;hero英雄;boatman摆渡者。故选A。
3.C 根据第三段中的“He recruited men who knew how to 7 in the wilderness but had never navigated a river.”可知,Powell招募的人都不是有经验的船员。rude粗鲁的;greedy贪婪的;experienced有经验的;honest诚实的。故选C。
4.A 上文“None of the men were experienced sailors. The one-armed captain of the crew had maps with gaps in them.”陈述了Powell的探险队面临的成员不专业、地图不完整等问题,下文“it has been the grandest expedition since Lewis and Clark”却肯定其意义,并把这次探险与Lewis和Clark的探险相提并论,上下文之间是转折关系。still然而;otherwise否则;thus因此;however然而。故选A。
5.C 根据上文“maps with gaps in them”和第四段中的“Much of the journey was spent 9 boats damaged while sailing across rapids and carving new oars out of driftwood.”可推断,因为地图缺失,Powell一行的航行前途未卜,充满未知的水流。remote遥远的;quiet安静的;unknown未知的;vast辽阔的。故选C。
6.B 根据第四段中的“Much of the journey”可知,此处用journey表示长途旅行,是原词复现。trip(短途)旅行;journey(长途)旅行;travel(泛指)旅行;tour观光。故选B。
7.D 根据下文“but had never navigated a river”可推断,这些人知道如何在荒野中生存,但不知道如何在河道中航行。retreat离开;hunt狩猎;hide隐藏;survive生存。故选D。
8.A 根据上文可知,探险顺利启航,“sank the boats from the start”是没有发生的事情,所以是几乎使船沉没。nearly几乎;already已经;mostly主要地;never从不。故选A。
9.D 根据下文“boats damaged”可知,要修理损坏的船只。make制造;handle处理;row划(船);repair修理。故选D。
10.D 根据下文“with the Indians for food”可知,Powell要与印第安人谈判来获得食物。investigate调查;discuss讨论;fight打架;negotiate谈判,协商。故选D。
11.B 根据下文“115-degree heat”可推断,此处指探险队经历的极端环境,结合选项可知,freezing water(冰冷的水)符合语境。shallow浅的;freezing冰冷的;violent猛烈的;polluted被污染的。故选B。
12.C 根据下文“wet clothing the next morning”可知,此处指第二天早上穿上湿衣服。put into进港;put up张贴;put on穿上;put aside忽视。故选C。
13.A 根据上文“successfully”可推断,他们最终成功适应了种种挑战。adapt to适应;stick to坚持;see to 照料;get to到达。故选A。
14.B 根据上文“mapped a wilderness previously labeled as ‘unknown territory’”和“As the West expanded”可知,Powell绘制了更完整的地图,所以在西部扩张中,他的地图将是无价之宝。notable显著的;priceless无价的;measurable可测量的;considerable相当多的。故选B。
15.D 根据上文可知,Powell探险队完成了不可能的任务,结合句中的“looking beyond the challenges”和“the small moments we achieve”可知,克服挑战,取得成就是一种奇迹。strength力量;attempt尝试;position位置;wonder奇迹。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.recruit v.招募 2.navigate v.航行,横渡;导航 3.be labelled as...被称为……
【熟词生义】 1.current n.水流 2.game n.(作为食物的)猎物肉;野味
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2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册
Part 2 Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.His disappearance has been the subject of intensive (调查).
2.The criminal of the car theft made a (逃跑) before the police came.
3.If you wash a superior wool sweater using water at a high temperature, it ll s in the wash.
4.The little girl saw a stranger and (后退) for several steps, too shy to speak to him.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.When you talk with an unfamiliar woman, you d better steer clear age.
2.The state announced a new policy on education last month and set out (carry) it out.
3.With pieces of masonry(砖石) falling all around her, she ran her life hurriedly.
4.This course is designed for the people who shrink the thought of giving a speech in public.
Ⅲ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
1.The main question is you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.
2.(2020江苏)It is not a problem we can win the battle; it s just a matter of time.
3.(2021全国甲)Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see things look when they try them on.
4.(2022全国乙)It is calculated European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance.
5.Recently researchers have come to the conclusion singing in groups could have a positive impact on reducing anxiety and depression.
6.(2022新高考Ⅰ)You might think about posting you are looking for on social media, but it probably won t result in a useful response.
题型(二)
用适当的引导词填空
I don t know 1. you have noticed 2. some students don t want to walk to school. 3. can be seen every day is that some students parent s drive them to school. But nowadays, 4. we should realize is 5. the air is seriously polluted. Do you know what we can do about it I think it is important 6. we should take action right now. Here I have a suggestion 7. we should ride our bikes to school! This is 8. it will not only have significant benefits for our health, but also help improve our environment. 9. we will have a better environment depends on 10. we can do for ourselves and for nature.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.男孩站起来走了,留下他的父亲坐在沙发上,一言不发。(leave的复合结构)
The boy got up and walked away, on the sofa, not saying a word.
2.小女孩把头埋在枕头里,哭了很长时间。
her pillow, the little girl wept a long time.(读后续写—情绪描写)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024河北保定期中)
Great white sharks, the largest predatory(捕食性的) sharks in the world with the most fatal attacks on humans, are tough to imagine as newborn babies. That is partially because no one has beheld one in the wild, it seems, until now.
Wildlife filmmaker Carlos Gauna and UC Riverside biology doctoral student Phillip Sternes were scanning the waters for sharks on July 9, 2023, near Santa Barbara on California s central coast. That day, something exciting appeared on the viewfinder of Gauna s drone camera. It was a shark pup(幼崽) unlike any they d ever seen.
“We expanded the images, put them in slow motion, and realized the white layer was being shed(蜕) from its body as it was swimming,” Sternes said. “I believe it was a newborn great white shark shedding its embryonic layer.”
These observations are logged in a new paper in the journal Environmental Biology of Fishes. What Gauna and Sternes observed could help solve the long-standing mystery of the great white shark s birthing habits. This may well be the first evidence we have of a pup in the wild. Great white sharks, referred to only as white sharks by scientists, are gray on the top and white on the bottom. But this roughly 5-foot-long shark was pure white.
Though the paper authors acknowledge that it is possible that the white layer the shark shed might have been caused by a skin condition, the two believe what they saw was in fact a newborn great white shark. First, female great white sharks give birth to live pups. A second reason is the presence of large, potentially pregnant great white sharks in this location. Finally, this location off the coast of central California has long been proposed as a birthing location for great white sharks. Many scholars believe great white sharks are born farther out at sea.
Great white sharks are listed as a critically endangered species. “Further research is needed to confirm these waters are indeed a great breeding ground. But if they are, we would want lawmakers to step in and protect these waters to help great white sharks keep thriving,” Sternes said.
1.What do we know about what appeared on Gauna s drone camera
A.It is rare in the world. B.It is tough to identify.
C.It is not open to the public. D.It is unbelievable to scientists.
2.What does the pup look like
A.Pure gray. B.White only on the bottom.
C.Gray on the top. D.Pure white.
3.What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A.How female great white sharks give birth to pups.
B.How the observers prove they saw a baby shark.
C.Why the observers believe they saw a newborn shark.
D.Why the observers think the white layer is caused by a skin condition.
4.What does Sternes hope for if their assumption is confirmed
A.Helping great white sharks to stop breeding.
B.Using laws to protect great white sharks and the breeding ground.
C.Listing great white sharks as an endangered species.
D.A further study to confirm great white shark breeding waters.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023江苏南京师大附中期中)
Imagine that as you are boarding an airplane, half the engineers who built the plane tell you there is a 10 percent chance that the plane will crash, and that you and everyone else on board can t make a getaway. Would you still board
In 2022, over 700 top academics and researchers behind the leading artificial intelligence companies were asked in an investigation about future risk of AI. Half of those questioned stated that there was a 10 percent or greater chance of human extinction from future AI systems. 1
The fear of AI has haunted humanity since the mid-20th century, yet until recently AI has remained a distant prospect, something that belongs to sci-fi more than to serious scientific and political debates. 2 It is even harder to grasp the speed at which these tools are developing even more advanced and powerful capabilities. But most of the key skills boil down to one thing: the ability to manipulate (操作,操纵) and generate language, whether with words, sounds or images.
In the beginning was the word. 3 From language emerge myth and law, goods and money, art and science, friendships and nations, and even computer code. AI s new mastery of language means it can now hack and manipulate the operating system of civilisation. What would it mean for humans to live in a world where a large percentage of stories, melodies, images, laws, policies and tools are shaped by non-human intelligence 4 What will happen when the same thing occurs in art, politics, and even religion
5 We are surrounded by culture, experiencing reality through a cultural prism (棱镜). Our views are shaped by the reports of journalists and the accounts of friends. What will it be like to experience reality through a prism produced by non-human intelligence We should reckon with AI before our politics, our economy and our daily life become dependent on it.
A.Humans often don t have direct access to reality.
B.Language is the operating system of human culture.
C.In games like chess, no human can hope for beating a computer.
D.By gaining mastery of language, AI is seizing the master key to civilisation.
E.Technology companies are caught in a race to put all of humanity on that plane.
F.For thousands of years we humans have lived inside the dreams of other humans.
G.It s difficult for human minds to grasp the capabilities of GPT-4 and similar tools.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2024湖南湘楚名校月考) In May 1869, John Wesley Powell, a former Union Army major who had lost most of his right 1 in the Battle of Shiloh, led 9 2 in launching four heavy wooden boats loaded to the gunwales with 10 months of supplies.
Three of the boats were made of oak, more suitable for cruising lakes than traversing(穿过) rapids(急流). None of the men were 3 sailors. The one-armed captain of the crew had maps with gaps in them. 4 , it has been the grandest expedition since Lewis and Clark. Over 500 rapids and 1,000 miles of 5 currents awaited them.
Though Powell had boats custom-made for the 6 , they were heavy. He recruited men who knew how to 7 in the wilderness but had never navigated a river. He packed so much food that it 8 sank the boats from the start.
Much of the journey was spent 9 boats damaged while sailing across rapids and carving new oars out of driftwood. Food was lost or spoiled, game was scarce, and Powell went inland to 10 with the Indians for food. The expedition spent days in 11 water and 115-degree heat. Three men abandoned the cause along the way. The crew slept on boulders and 12 wet clothing the next morning. And most of the time, they had no idea what lay ahead. But at the end of the arduous journey, they had successfully 13 the challenges and mapped a wilderness previously labeled as “unknown territory”. As the West expanded, Powell s maps would be 14 .
Beauty is in the living of life, and in looking beyond the challenges to the 15 of the small moments we achieve—sometimes against all odds.
1.A.leg B.arm
C.ear D.fingers
2.A.explorers B.soldiers
C.heroes D.boatmen
3.A.rude B.greedy
C.experienced D.honest
4.A.Still B.Otherwise
C.Thus D.However
5.A.remote B.quiet
C.unknown D.vast
6.A.trip B.journey
C.travel D.tour
7.A.retreat B.hunt
C.hide D.survive
8.A.nearly B.already
C.mostly D.never
9.A.making B.handling
C.rowing D.repairing
10.A.investigate B.discuss
C.fight D.negotiate
11.A.shallow B.freezing
C.violent D.polluted
12.A.put into B.put up
C.put on D.put aside
13.A.adapted to B.stuck to
C.saw to D.got to
14.A.notable B.priceless
C.measurable D.considerable
15.A.strength B.attempt
C.position D.wonder
答案与分层梯度式解析
Part 2 Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.investigation(s) 2.getaway 3.shrink 4.retreated
Ⅱ.1.of 考查介词。句意:当你与一位陌生的女士交谈时,最好不要谈及年龄。由句意可知,此处使用的是固定搭配steer clear of...,意为“避开……”。
2.to carry 考查动词不定式。句意:政府上个月宣布了一项新的教育政策,并着手落实这项政策。set out to do sth.开始做某事。
类比启发
set about doing sth.也表示“开始做某事”。注意set后的词不同,后面非谓语动词的形式也随之不同。
3.for 考查介词。句意:砖石碎片掉落在她四面八方,她急忙逃命。由句意可知,此处使用的是固定搭配run for one s life,表示“逃命”。
4.from 考查介词。句意:这个课程是专为那些一想到在公众面前演讲就退缩的人开设的。由句意可知,此处使用的是固定搭配shrink from,表示“避免(做),不愿(做)”。
Ⅲ.题型(一)
1.whether 考查表语从句。句意:主要的问题是,你想要你的手臂放在睡袋里面还是外面。分析句子可知,设空处引导表语从句;根据语境可知设空处意为“是否”,结合句中的or可知,此处应用whether引导表语从句,构成whether...or...结构。故填whether。
易错归因
本题易错填if。if虽然可以表示“是否”,但不能引导表语从句,故本题不能填if。
2.whether/if 考查主语从句。句意:我们能否打赢这场仗不是问题,这只是时间问题。分析句子可知,设空处引导主语从句;根据语境可知设空处意为“是否”,应用whether或if引导主语从句。故填whether或if。
3.how 考查宾语从句。句意:在你的房间四周放几面镜子,这样人们试穿时就能看到衣物的样子。分析句子可知,设空处引导宾语从句;根据语境可知设空处意为“怎样;如何”,应用连接副词how引导宾语从句。故填how。
4.that 考查主语从句。句意:据计算,仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就有大约两百亿欧元。分析句子可知,本句使用了“It is calculated that...”句式,其中It是形式主语,that引导主语从句。故填that。
5.that 考查同位语从句。句意:最近研究人员得出结论,在群体中唱歌对减少焦虑和抑郁有积极的影响。设空处引导的是同位语从句,对conclusion进行解释说明,从句不缺少成分,设空处没有实际意义,应用连接词that。故填that。
6.what 考查宾语从句。句意:你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西(的帖子),但它可能不会得到有用的回应。分析句子可知,设空处引导宾语从句,从句中缺少宾语,表示“……的东西”,应用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故填what。
题型(二)
1.whether/if 2.that 3.What 4.what 5.that 6.that
7.that 8.because 9.Whether 10.what
Ⅳ.1.leaving his father sitting 2.Burying her head in
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了野生动物电影制片人Carlos Gauna和生物学博士研究生Phillip Sternes在加利福尼亚海岸首次拍摄到疑似大白鲨幼崽蜕去胚层的珍贵画面,这一发现有助于揭示大白鲨繁殖习惯的奥秘。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段的“That is partially because no one has beheld one in the wild, it seems, until now.”及第二段的“It was a shark pup unlike any they d ever seen.”可知,镜头中出现的鲨鱼幼崽是之前没有人看见过的,且和以前他们见到的大白鲨不像,由此可知,这在世界上是罕见的。故选A。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第四段的“But this roughly 5-foot-long shark was pure white.”可知,这只大白鲨幼崽是纯白色的。故选D。
3.C 主旨大意题。根据第五段的“the two believe what they saw was in fact a newborn great white shark”可知他们两人认为他们看到的实际上是一只新生的大白鲨,并通过“First...A second reason is...Finally...”进行了证明,所以第五段主要讲的是观察者认为他们看到的是一只大白鲨幼崽的原因。故选C。
4.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“But if they are, we would want lawmakers to step in and protect these waters to help great white sharks keep thriving”可知,如果他们的假设得到证实,Sternes希望利用法律途径保护大白鲨及它们的繁殖地。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.fatal adj.致命的 2.evidence n.证据;证明 3.acknowledge v.承认 4.give birth to生(孩子),产(仔) 5.presence n.出现 6.propose v.建议
7.endangered adj.濒危的 8.confirm v.证实;确认
【差距词汇】 1.viewfinder n.取景器 2.embryonic adj.胚胎的 3.thrive v.茁壮成长;蓬勃发展
长难句
原句 Though the paper authors acknowledge that it is possible that the white layer the shark shed might have been caused by a skin condition, the two believe what they saw was in fact a newborn great white shark.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。Though引导让步状语从句,acknowledge后面是由第一个that引导的宾语从句,在宾语从句中it作形式主语,由第二个that引导的从句是真正的主语,在该从句中又含有一个省略了关系代词的定语从句“the shark shed”,修饰the white layer;主句中believe后面是省略that的宾语从句,在宾语从句中what引导主语从句。
译文 尽管论文作者承认鲨鱼蜕下的白色层可能是由一种皮肤病导致的,但这两个人认为他们看到的实际上是一只新生的大白鲨。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能可能让人类面临巨大危机。
1.E 根据设空处上文“一半的被询问者表示,未来的人工智能系统有10%或更大的可能性导致人类灭绝”,并结合第一段提到的“让人们登上有10%坠机可能的飞机”可推知,技术(人工智能)让人类都登上了这架可能坠毁的“飞机”。E项(科技公司陷入了一场让全人类都登上那架飞机的竞赛)与上文话题一致,符合语境,故选E。
2.G 根据设空处下文中的“even harder to grasp”可推断,设空处提到了一种难以掌握的东西。G项(人类大脑很难掌握GPT-4和类似工具的功能)引起下文,符合语境。G项中的difficult呼应下文中的even harder,G项中的grasp和capabilities在下文中复现,下文中的these tools指代G项中的“GPT-4 and similar tools”。故选G。
3.B 根据设空处下文“From language...computer code.”可知,语言对人类来说尤为重要;结合选项可知B项也是关于语言的,B项中的Language与下文中的language对应,且与上文中的word呼应。再结合本段中的“AI s new mastery...of civilisation.”可推断,语言之所以重要是因为它是文明的操作系统。B项(语言是人类文化的操作系统)符合语境。故选B。
易错归因
本题易错选D项,只关注到了选项中有相同词汇(language、AI、civilisation)的复现,但忽略了对语境的理解。D项的语意与上下文不符,上下文说的都是语言的情况,而D项说的是AI的情况,且D项与下文第二句语意重复,故排除D项。
4.C 根据设空处上文“人工智能对语言的新掌握意味着它现在可以破解和操纵文明的操作系统”和下文“当同样的事情发生在艺术、政治甚至宗教中时会发生什么 ”再结合选项可知,C项(在像国际象棋这样的游戏中,没有人能指望打败电脑)符合语境。下文中的“the same thing”指代C项中的“no human can hope for beating a computer”,即人工智能打败人类。故选C。
5.A 根据下文“我们被文化包围,通过文化棱镜体验现实。记者的报道和朋友的描述塑造了我们的观点。通过非人类智慧产生的棱镜来体验现实会是什么样子 ”可知,我们的观点通常都是通过别人形成的。结合选项可知A项(人类通常无法直接接触现实)与下文内容一致,符合语境。A项中的“have direct access to reality”与下文中的“experiencing reality”呼应。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.crash v.& n.碰撞;崩溃;失败
2.extinction n.灭绝 3.grasp v.掌握,理解,领会;抓紧 n.理解(力),领会;紧抓 4.emerge v.出现,浮现,露出 5.be shaped by...受……影响
【熟词生义】 academic n.高校教师,高校科研人员
【差距词汇】 haunt v.萦绕于脑际,难以忘却;长期不断地缠扰
长难句
原句 Imagine that as you are boarding an airplane, half the engineers who built the plane tell you there is a 10 percent chance that the plane will crash, and that you and everyone else on board can t make a getaway.
分析 本句为主从复合句。主句为祈使句。Imagine后为 that引导的宾语从句。其中,as引导时间状语从句;“who built the plane”为who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the engineers; tell you后面为第一个and连接的两个并列的宾语从句,第一个and前的宾语从句省略了引导词that,chance后的that引导同位语从句,解释说明chance的内容。
译文 想象一下:当你正要登上飞机时,建造飞机的工程师有一半人告诉你飞机有10%的可能会坠机,并且你和飞机上的其他所有人都无法逃生。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了失去大部分右臂的前联邦军队少校John Wesley Powell率领9名队员乘坐重型木船进行探险的故事。
1.B 根据第二段中的“The one-armed captain of the crew had maps with gaps in them.”可知,John Wesley Powell失去了右臂的一大部分。leg腿;arm手臂;ear耳朵;finger手指。故选B。
2.A 根据上文“led 9”和第三段中的“He recruited men who knew how to 7 in the wilderness but had never navigated a river.”可推断,此处指Powell带领9名探险者开启航程。explorer探险者;soldier士兵;hero英雄;boatman摆渡者。故选A。
3.C 根据第三段中的“He recruited men who knew how to 7 in the wilderness but had never navigated a river.”可知,Powell招募的人都不是有经验的船员。rude粗鲁的;greedy贪婪的;experienced有经验的;honest诚实的。故选C。
4.A 上文“None of the men were experienced sailors. The one-armed captain of the crew had maps with gaps in them.”陈述了Powell的探险队面临的成员不专业、地图不完整等问题,下文“it has been the grandest expedition since Lewis and Clark”却肯定其意义,并把这次探险与Lewis和Clark的探险相提并论,上下文之间是转折关系。still然而;otherwise否则;thus因此;however然而。故选A。
5.C 根据上文“maps with gaps in them”和第四段中的“Much of the journey was spent 9 boats damaged while sailing across rapids and carving new oars out of driftwood.”可推断,因为地图缺失,Powell一行的航行前途未卜,充满未知的水流。remote遥远的;quiet安静的;unknown未知的;vast辽阔的。故选C。
6.B 根据第四段中的“Much of the journey”可知,此处用journey表示长途旅行,是原词复现。trip(短途)旅行;journey(长途)旅行;travel(泛指)旅行;tour观光。故选B。
7.D 根据下文“but had never navigated a river”可推断,这些人知道如何在荒野中生存,但不知道如何在河道中航行。retreat离开;hunt狩猎;hide隐藏;survive生存。故选D。
8.A 根据上文可知,探险顺利启航,“sank the boats from the start”是没有发生的事情,所以是几乎使船沉没。nearly几乎;already已经;mostly主要地;never从不。故选A。
9.D 根据下文“boats damaged”可知,要修理损坏的船只。make制造;handle处理;row划(船);repair修理。故选D。
10.D 根据下文“with the Indians for food”可知,Powell要与印第安人谈判来获得食物。investigate调查;discuss讨论;fight打架;negotiate谈判,协商。故选D。
11.B 根据下文“115-degree heat”可推断,此处指探险队经历的极端环境,结合选项可知,freezing water(冰冷的水)符合语境。shallow浅的;freezing冰冷的;violent猛烈的;polluted被污染的。故选B。
12.C 根据下文“wet clothing the next morning”可知,此处指第二天早上穿上湿衣服。put into进港;put up张贴;put on穿上;put aside忽视。故选C。
13.A 根据上文“successfully”可推断,他们最终成功适应了种种挑战。adapt to适应;stick to坚持;see to 照料;get to到达。故选A。
14.B 根据上文“mapped a wilderness previously labeled as ‘unknown territory’”和“As the West expanded”可知,Powell绘制了更完整的地图,所以在西部扩张中,他的地图将是无价之宝。notable显著的;priceless无价的;measurable可测量的;considerable相当多的。故选B。
15.D 根据上文可知,Powell探险队完成了不可能的任务,结合句中的“looking beyond the challenges”和“the small moments we achieve”可知,克服挑战,取得成就是一种奇迹。strength力量;attempt尝试;position位置;wonder奇迹。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.recruit v.招募 2.navigate v.航行,横渡;导航 3.be labelled as...被称为……
【熟词生义】 1.current n.水流 2.game n.(作为食物的)猎物肉;野味
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