2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册强化练习题--Unit 6 Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（含答案与解析）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册
Unit 6 Space and beyond
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The captain cares about the safety of both the (全体工作人员) members and the passengers on each voyage.
2.The pain was so bad that she (尖叫) aloud, making all the people present stare at her suddenly.
3.The lunar eclipse (月食) occurs when the earth s s falls on the moon and astronomy enthusiasts are looking forward to this moment.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Art experts have appealed for the (suspend) of the plans to restore one of the famous painter s most celebrated paintings.
2.When you receive gratitude from someone after doing a good deed, you will (instantaneous) feel better.
3.Every great dream begins with a dreamer. Always remember that you have the strength, the patience, and the passion to reach the stars to change the world.
4.For those (accustom)to comfortable life, moving to remote areas must be very hard.
5.The ancient people who were successful, not only had (exception) talent but also had an unflinching will.
6.(2024广东广州期末)But when her stepfather died (tragic) in a car accident, leaving her mother to support three daughters on a modest income, paying for college became impossible.
7.He doubted he would learn anything new from his sister and make progress in such a short time.
Ⅲ.选词填空
set foot on; take off; tune in to; turn into; call to
Last night, my grandpa 1. a TV programme about nature. In this televised documentary, journalists 2. a piece of new land and discovered the wonderful scenery. This place, which used to be abandoned farmland, has been 3. a beautiful nature reserve. And it 4. among tourists for its beauty recently. The restoration of the conservation area 5. us to take action to protect our environment.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.母亲的去世给她的童年蒙上了阴影,她花了很长时间才恢复过来。
Her mother s death her childhood, which took her a long time to recover.(读后续写—人物形象塑造)
2.(2023新课标Ⅰ写作)允许学生自主选择学习伙伴有助于他们在练习英语口语时迅速习惯与彼此交流。(accustomed)
Allowing students to choose their own study partners helps them quickly when practicing spoken English.
3.(2024全国甲写作)无论你想去哪里,高铁都能在更短的时间内把你送到那里。
, the high-speed train can send you there in a shorter time.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Neil Armstrong set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969. 1 had once been considered impossible had been achieved. 2 (follow) the Moon landings, space travel rapidly became unexceptional to the public. 3 (tragic), the Challenger space shuttle exploded after it took off on 28 January 1986, and all seven astronauts on board were killed. It was the most disastrous space accident ever, which cast a shadow 4 people s hearts. After the disaster, space shuttle flights 5 (suspend) while the cause of the disaster was investigated. However, there was no doubt that manned 6 (flight) would continue, and on 29 September 1988, the space shuttle programme resumed with the 7 (success) launch of Discovery. Now, it 8 (be) over 30 years since the 9 (lose) of Challenger. The sacrifice of the Challenger is a call and a reminder that we must continue to explore the stars, no matter 10 distant they might seem.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024广东梅州期中)
An international team of astronomers used a database combining observations from the best telescopes in the world 1 (detect) the signal from the active supermassive black holes of dying galaxies in the early universe. The 2 (appear) of these active supermassive black holes is related to changes in the host galaxy. This means a black hole could have far-reaching effects 3 the evolution of its host galaxy.
The Milky Way galaxy 4 we live includes stars of various ages, including stars still forming. But in some other galaxies, 5 (know) as elliptical (椭圆的) galaxies, all of the stars are old and about the same age. This indicates that early in 6 (they) history elliptical galaxies had a period of rich star formation that suddenly ended. Why this star formation stopped in some galaxies 7 not others is not well understood. One possibility is that a supermassive black hole disrupts(扰乱) the gas in some galaxies, 8 (create) an environment unsuitable for star formation.
To test this theory, astronomers look at distant galaxies. Due to the limited speed of light, it takes time for light to travel across the void of space. The light we saw last night from an object 10 billion light years away 9 (travel) for 10 billion years to reach Earth. Thus the light we see today shows us what the galaxy looked like when the light left that galaxy 10 billion years ago. So looking at distant galaxies is like looking back in time. But the longer distance also means that distant galaxies look 10 (small), making study more difficult.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024四川泸州月考)
Rising Legacy High School s senior Brianna Ortiz is one of the five students in the US and the only Texan to be selected to attend the International Science School (ISS) this summer in Australia.
This famous programme, designed to inspire young minds and awaken their passion for space exploration, provides students with an immersive and educational experience that promises to shape their future in the field of space science.
Brianna s space journey started when she took part in MISD s Orbitz program in the fall of 2021. That experience gave her the opportunity to apply for ISS through an extensive application process that included letters of recommendation, writing essays and an interview. ISS selected Brianna from a highly competitive pool of international applicants who share enthusiasm for space exploration.
During the programme, Brianna will have the privilege of engaging with outstanding scientists, engineers and educators who will guide her through a series of hands-on activities, simulations, and lectures. This comprehensive training will provide her with invaluable knowledge about space travel, rocketry, robotics, and other essential aspects of the aerospace industry.
“This is a dream coming true for me, and I can t wait to immerse myself in the world of space exploration,” Brianna said. “When I was little, I wanted to be an astronaut, but now I m interested in becoming an aerospace engineer and building rockets that will impact the way we live here on Earth.”
Brianna said one of the things she was most looking forward to was the opportunity to cooperate with fellow like-minded students from around the world. They will participate in team-building exercises, problem-solving challenges, and space mission simulations, developing essential skills such as leadership, critical thinking, and effective communication.
The experience gained at ISS will broaden Brianna s horizons and inspire her to pursue a career in the exciting field of space exploration.
1.What is the aim of ISS
A.To select the best talent. B.To cultivate excellent astronauts.
C.To help students develop a strong mind. D.To get students interested in space exploration.
2.Which of the following best describes the process of Brianna being received by ISS
A.Difficult. B.Painful. C.Creative. D.Awesome.
3.What will Brianna do at ISS
A.Submit her essays. B.Listen to lectures given by experts.
C.Work in an aerospace factory. D.Participate in robotics development.
4.What can we learn about Brianna
A.She has great teamwork skills.
B.She has been the best students at ISS.
C.She dreams of being an astronaut after attending ISS.
D.She has been interested in space exploration since childhood.
B
(2023天津红桥区期末)
Most Chinese know the story of mythological Chang e. It s a story about a woman who takes an immorality pill and flies to the moon. The story is so popular that people can t hear the word Chang e without thinking of romantic images of a moon goddess.
For this reason, China s mission to the moon was calling for a strong female figure. Therefore, pictures of a 24-year-old female space commander have gone viral on Chinese social media for her work on the Chang e 5 Moon exploration programme with comments that she is a “front-line soldier in the field of aerospace” that young Chinese can look up to.
Ms Zhou, a 24-year-old lady of the Tujia ethnic group, is China s youngest ever space commander. She was involved in the successful launch of the Chang e 5 lunar probe on 24 November, in charge of the rocket connector system, the position described as a key role.
In the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site, though she is only 1.58 meters tall and looks “mini”, she is called “Big Sister” for her powerful core and energy. Since senior high, she has dreamed of being a member of a space research team. With her great efforts, she was admitted to the aircraft system and engineering major of a domestic university in 2014, making her aerospace dream come true. To grow into a commander, in two and a half years, she changed five positions to be familiar with multiple posts and types of work, each of which takes great courage and is full of challenges. In a working space with no air conditioning which can accommodate only three people, she worked for 60 days until the completion of the “Long March 5 rocket goes around” battle.
Her story has received attention from Chinese state-run media as well as overseas media outlets. However, it has not appeared to have had much of an effect on her. According to the media, she declined repeated requests for interviews because she does not wish to let fame get in the way of her work.
5.Why does the writer mention the myth of Chang e at the beginning of the passage
A.To tell a romantic story. B.To spread Chinese culture.
C.To introduce the topic. D.To give an example.
6.What makes people think of Ms Zhou as a pioneer for the youth in the field of aerospace
A.Her youth and beauty.
B.Her pictures on the media.
C.Her identity of the Tujia ethnic group.
D.Her performance in the moon-landing programme.
7.Why did Ms Zhou reject the media s invitation to interviews
A.Because she is too shy. B.Because she was not available.
C.Because she is devoted to work. D.Because she hates being famous.
8.What can we learn from Ms Zhou s story
A.Attitude is altitude. B.The early bird catches the worm.
C.Many hands make light work. D.Diligence makes up for stupidity.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 6 Space and beyond
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.crew 2.screamed 3.shadow
Ⅱ.1.suspension 考查名词。句意:艺术专家呼吁暂停修复这位著名画家最有名的画作之一的计划。根据空前的定冠词the和空后的介词of可知设空处应用名词作appealed for的宾语;由语境可知设空处表示“暂停”,故填suspension。
2.instantaneously 考查副词。句意:当你在做好事之后收获别人的感激时,你瞬间会感觉更好。此处修饰动词feel,应用副词作状语。故填instantaneously。
3.for 考查介词。句意:每一个伟大的梦想都始于一位梦想家,要永远记得,你有力量、有耐心、有热情去实现梦想,改变世界。reach for the stars 意为“有摘星之志,努力完成壮举”。
4.accustomed 考查形容词。句意:对于那些习惯了舒适生活的人来说,搬到偏远地区一定很艰难。be/become accustomed to意为“习惯于……”,分析句子结构可知这里应用形容词accustomed作后置定语。故填accustomed。
5.exceptional 考查形容词。句意:古之立大事者,不惟有超世之才,亦有坚韧不拔之志。talent是名词,应用形容词修饰。此处表示“非凡的;杰出的;卓越的”,故填exceptional。
6.tragically 考查副词。句意:但当她的继父在一场车祸中不幸去世时,她的母亲只能靠微薄的收入养活三个女儿,支付上大学的费用就变得不可能了。 设空处修饰动词died,故用副词tragically。
7.whether/if 考查宾语从句。句意:他怀疑自己是否能从他的姐姐那里学到什么新东西,在那么短的时间内取得进步。句中doubted作谓语,后接宾语从句,主句为肯定句,应用whether或if引导宾语从句。
Ⅲ.1.tuned in to 2.set foot on 3.turned into 4.has taken off 5.calls to
Ⅳ.1.cast a shadow on/over
2.become accustomed to communicating with each other
类比启发
表示“习惯于……”的短语除了become/be/grow/get accustomed to...之外还有be/get used to...。注意这些短语中的to都是介词,其后的动词要用v.-ing形式。
3.No matter where you want to go
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.What 考查名词性从句。句意:曾经被认为不可能的事情已经实现了。“ 1 had once been considered impossible”是设空处引导的主语从句,设空处在从句中作主语,表示“……的事情”,故填What。
2.Following 考查现在分词。句意:登月之后,太空旅行对公众来说迅速变得平常。句中已有谓语动词became,设空处应用非谓语动词形式作状语,且follow与其逻辑主语space travel之间为主动关系,因此用现在分词形式。
3.Tragically 考查副词。设空处应用副词作状语,修饰整个句子,表示“悲惨的是”,故填Tragically。
4.on/over 考查介词。cast a shadow on/over...意为“给……蒙上阴影”。
5.were suspended 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:灾难发生后,航天飞机航行被暂停了,同时(相关人员)调查了这次灾难的原因。根据语境及空后的was可知此处表示过去发生的事,应用一般过去时;主语space shuttle flights与suspend之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,且主语为复数形式,故填were suspended。
6.flights 考查名词复数。“that manned 6 would continue”为that引导的同位语从句,设空处为该从句的主语且由空前的manned修饰,应用名词;flight在此处是可数名词且空前没有冠词等限定词,应用复数形式。
7.successful 考查形容词。设空处修饰后面的名词launch,应用形容词作定语,表示“成功的”,故填successful。
8.has been/is 考查时态及主谓一致。由“since the 9 of Challenger”并结合语境可以判断,此处用现在完成时或一般现在时,构成句型“It has been/is+时间段+since...”,意为“自从……以来已经多久了”。故填has been或is。
9.loss 考查名词。由设空处前面的定冠词the及后面的介词of可以判断此处应用名词。lose的名词形式是loss。
10.how 考查状语从句。句意:“挑战者”号的牺牲呼吁并提醒我们必须继续探索星空,无论它们看起来可能有多遥远。“no matter 10 distant they might seem”为“no matter+wh-疑问词”引导的让步状语从句,此处表示“无论多么……”,故填how。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。研究人员对超大质量黑洞的存在和其对其宿主星系的影响进行了猜测,同时希望通过研究更遥远的星系获得进一步的了解。
1.to detect 考查动词不定式。句意:一个国际天文学家团队使用了一个结合了世界上最好的望远镜的观测结果的数据库来探测早期宇宙中垂死星系的活跃超大质量黑洞发出的信号。分析可知,“ 1 (detect) the signal...”为目的状语,用动词不定式。故填to detect。
2.appearance 考查名词。句意:这些活跃的超大质量黑洞的出现与宿主星系的变化有关。根据空前的定冠词The和空后的介词of可知,这里应填名词。appear的名词形式为appearance,appearance作“出现”讲时常用单数形式,再结合语境可知填appearance。
3.on 考查介词。句意:这意味着黑洞可能对其宿主星系的演化有深远影响。这里使用的是固定短语have effects on sth.,意为“对某物有影响”。故填on。
4.where 考查定语从句。句意:我们居住的银河系中有不同年龄的恒星,包括仍在形成的恒星。分析可知,“ 4 we live”为修饰前面的名词短语“The Milky Way galaxy”的定语从句,关系词在从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。
5.known 考查过去分词。句意:但在其他一些被称为椭圆星系的星系中,所有的恒星都是古老的,年龄大致相同。分析可知,“ 5 (know) as elliptical galaxies”为前面的名词短语“some other galaxies”的后置定语,some other galaxies与know之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词形式。故填known。
6.their 考查形容词性物主代词。句意:这表明,在椭圆星系们的早期历史中,有一段恒星形成丰富的时期,但该时期突然结束了。根据空后的名词history可知应填形容词性物主代词。故填their。
7.but 考查连词。句意:为什么这种恒星形成在一些星系中停止,而在其他星系中没有停止,人们并不是很了解。由后面的否定词not可知,这里表示转折,因此用并列连词but。
8.creating 考查现在分词。句意:一种可能性是,超大质量黑洞扰乱了一些星系中的气体,创造了一种不适宜恒星形成的环境。分析可知,“ 8 (create) an environment unsuitable for star formation”为前面that从句的结果,此处表示自然而然的结果,应用现在分词作结果状语。故填creating。
9.had travel(l)ed/travel(l)ed 考查时态。句意:我们昨晚看到的100亿光年外的物体发出的光经过100亿年才到达地球。设空处是主句的谓语,结合语境可知,这里应用过去的某种时态。该动作在saw之前发生,因此设空处可用过去完成时表示过去的过去,也可以用一般过去时表示单纯的过去,故填had travel(l)ed或travel(l)ed。
10.smaller 考查形容词比较级。句意:但是更远的距离也意味着遥远的星系看起来更小,这使得研究更加困难。根据前面的“the longer distance”和后面的“making study more difficult”可推知,这里含有比较的意味,应用形容词的比较级。故填smaller。
【高频词汇】 1.astronomer n.天文学家 2.be related to与……有关系 3.evolution n.进化;演变 4.indicate v.暗示;表明 5.unsuitable adj.不适宜的 6.distant adj.遥远的
【差距词汇】 void n.真空
长难句
原句 An international team of astronomers used a database combining observations from the best telescopes in the world to detect the signal from the active supermassive black holes of dying galaxies in the early universe.
分析 这是一个简单句。句子主干为“An international team of astronomers used a database to detect the signal.”。“combining observations from the best telescopes in the world”为现在分词短语作后置定语;“from the active supermassive black holes of dying galaxies in the early universe”为介词短语作后置定语。
译文 一个国际天文学家团队使用了一个结合了世界上最好的望远镜的观测结果的数据库来探测早期宇宙中垂死星系的活跃超大质量黑洞发出的信号。
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲的是美国一名高中生布里安娜·奥尔蒂斯今年夏天被选入澳大利亚国际科学学校。这次全面的培训将为她提供有关太空旅行、火箭技术、机器人技术和航空航天工业的其他重要方面的宝贵知识。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段的“This famous programme, designed to inspire young minds and awaken their passion for space exploration”可知,ISS的目的是让学生对太空探索产生兴趣。故选D。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“That experience gave her the opportunity to apply for ISS through an extensive application process that included...an interview.”可知,布里安娜申请ISS的过程很繁琐。再结合第三段中的“ISS selected Brianna from a highly competitive pool of international applicants (国际科学学校从竞争激烈的国际申请者中选择了布里安娜)”可知,布里安娜被国际科学学校录取的过程是很困难的。故选A。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“During the programme, Brianna will have the privilege of engaging with outstanding scientists, engineers and educators who will guide her through a series of hands-on activities, simulations, and lectures.(在项目期间,布里安娜将有幸与杰出的科学家、工程师和教育工作者接触,他们将通过一系列的实践活动、模拟和讲座来指导她。)”可知,布里安娜在国际科学学校将会听专家的讲座。故选B。
4.D 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“This is a dream coming true for me...of space exploration”和“When I was little, I wanted to be an astronaut(当我还小的时候,我想成为一名宇航员)”可知,布里安娜从小就对太空探索感兴趣。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.essential adj.必不可少的;必需的
2.come true 实现 3.participate in参加,参与
4.broaden one s horizons拓宽某人的视野,开阔某人的眼界 5.cultivate v.培养;栽培
【熟词生义】 pool n.备用人员
【差距词汇】 1.privilege n.荣幸,幸运;特权,特殊待遇
2.immersive adj.沉浸式的
长难句
原句 This famous programme, designed to inspire young minds and awaken their passion for space exploration, provides students with an immersive and educational experience that promises to shape their future in the field of space science.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。“designed to inspire young minds...exploration”为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰This famous programme;“that promises to shape...science”为关系代词that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词an immersive and educational experience,that在从句中作主语。
译文 这个著名的项目旨在启发年轻人的思想,唤醒他们对太空探索的热情,为学生提供一段沉浸式且有教益的经历,这段经历有望塑造他们在太空科学领域的未来。
B
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了参与嫦娥五号月球探测计划的年轻女指挥官周女士的个人经历以及取得的成就。
5.C 推理判断题。文章第一段介绍了神话中嫦娥奔月的故事,还提到“嫦娥”一词总是让人们联想到浪漫的月亮女神形象,第二段第一句说“因此,中国的登月任务需要一个坚强的女性形象”,由此引出了下文对周女士的介绍。由此可推知,作者在文章的开头提到嫦娥的神话是为了引入介绍中国年轻的探月女指挥官周女士这一主题。故选C。
6.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Therefore, pictures of a 24-year-old female space commander...can look up to.(因此,因为在嫦娥五号探月计划中所做的工作,一名24岁的女航天指挥官的照片在中国社交媒体上疯传,有评论说她是值得中国年轻人尊敬的‘航天领域的一线战士’)”可知,周女士在登月计划中的表现让人们认为她是航空航天领域的青年先驱。故选D。
7.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“According to the media, she declined repeated requests for interviews because she does not wish to let fame get in the way of her work.(据媒体报道,她拒绝了多次采访请求,因为她不想让名声妨碍她的工作)”可知,周女士拒绝媒体的采访邀请是因为她要致力于工作,故选C。
8.A 推理判断题。文章倒数第二段提到从高中开始,她就梦想着成为太空研究团队的一员;在她的努力下,2014年她考上了国内一所大学的飞机系统与工程专业,实现了她的航空梦;为了成长为一名指挥官,她在两年半的时间里换了五个岗位,熟悉了多个岗位和工作类型;在一个没有空调、只能容纳三人的工作空间里,她工作了60天,直到完成“长征五号火箭绕行”任务。由此可推知,周女士坚持自己的梦想,不懈努力,勇于挑战,是积极的态度成就了她现在的成功。因此,我们能从周女士的故事中学到“态度决定高度”的道理。故选A。B.早起的鸟儿有虫吃;C.众人拾柴火焰高;D.勤能补拙。
易错归因
本题易错选B项。 B项说明勤奋的人会有好的回报,而文章倒数第二段中除了提到周女士的勤奋外,还提到了她勇于接受挑战等方面,强调的是她从高中开始就一以贯之的积极上进态度,是这种态度让她坚持下去,决定了她成就的高度。B项概括得不够全面,故排除。
【高频词汇】 1.commander n.指挥官 2.go viral迅速、广泛传播 3.look up to尊敬,仰慕 4.launch n.发射;发起;上市 v.发射;发起,发动;上市,发行 5.in charge of负责 6.domestic adj.国内的 7.multiple adj.多种多样的,数量多的 8.accommodate v.容纳;为……提供住宿 9.decline v.拒绝 10.get in the way of妨碍
【差距词汇】 1.mythological adj.神话的 2.immorality n.不道德 3.aerospace n.航空航天(工业) 4.the lunar probe月球探测器
长难句
原句 Therefore, pictures of a 24-year-old female space commander have gone viral on Chinese social media for her work on the Chang e 5 Moon exploration programme with comments that she is a “front-line soldier in the field of aerospace” that young Chinese can look up to.
分析 本句为主从复合句。“pictures of a 24-year-old female space commander”为主句的主语,“have gone”为谓语;“for her work on...programme”为介词短语作原因状语;“with comments that...look up to”为介词短语作状语;“that she is...look up to”为that引导的同位语从句,其中,“that young Chinese can look up to”为that引导的定语从句。
译文 因此,因为在嫦娥五号探月计划中所做的工作,一名24岁的女航天指挥官的照片在中国社交媒体上疯传,有评论说她是值得中国年轻人尊敬的“航空航天领域的一线战士”。
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2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册
Unit 6 Space and beyond
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The captain cares about the safety of both the (全体工作人员) members and the passengers on each voyage.
2.The pain was so bad that she (尖叫) aloud, making all the people present stare at her suddenly.
3.The lunar eclipse (月食) occurs when the earth s s falls on the moon and astronomy enthusiasts are looking forward to this moment.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Art experts have appealed for the (suspend) of the plans to restore one of the famous painter s most celebrated paintings.
2.When you receive gratitude from someone after doing a good deed, you will (instantaneous) feel better.
3.Every great dream begins with a dreamer. Always remember that you have the strength, the patience, and the passion to reach the stars to change the world.
4.For those (accustom)to comfortable life, moving to remote areas must be very hard.
5.The ancient people who were successful, not only had (exception) talent but also had an unflinching will.
6.(2024广东广州期末)But when her stepfather died (tragic) in a car accident, leaving her mother to support three daughters on a modest income, paying for college became impossible.
7.He doubted he would learn anything new from his sister and make progress in such a short time.
Ⅲ.选词填空
set foot on; take off; tune in to; turn into; call to
Last night, my grandpa 1. a TV programme about nature. In this televised documentary, journalists 2. a piece of new land and discovered the wonderful scenery. This place, which used to be abandoned farmland, has been 3. a beautiful nature reserve. And it 4. among tourists for its beauty recently. The restoration of the conservation area 5. us to take action to protect our environment.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.母亲的去世给她的童年蒙上了阴影,她花了很长时间才恢复过来。
Her mother s death her childhood, which took her a long time to recover.(读后续写—人物形象塑造)
2.(2023新课标Ⅰ写作)允许学生自主选择学习伙伴有助于他们在练习英语口语时迅速习惯与彼此交流。(accustomed)
Allowing students to choose their own study partners helps them quickly when practicing spoken English.
3.(2024全国甲写作)无论你想去哪里,高铁都能在更短的时间内把你送到那里。
, the high-speed train can send you there in a shorter time.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Neil Armstrong set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969. 1 had once been considered impossible had been achieved. 2 (follow) the Moon landings, space travel rapidly became unexceptional to the public. 3 (tragic), the Challenger space shuttle exploded after it took off on 28 January 1986, and all seven astronauts on board were killed. It was the most disastrous space accident ever, which cast a shadow 4 people s hearts. After the disaster, space shuttle flights 5 (suspend) while the cause of the disaster was investigated. However, there was no doubt that manned 6 (flight) would continue, and on 29 September 1988, the space shuttle programme resumed with the 7 (success) launch of Discovery. Now, it 8 (be) over 30 years since the 9 (lose) of Challenger. The sacrifice of the Challenger is a call and a reminder that we must continue to explore the stars, no matter 10 distant they might seem.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024广东梅州期中)
An international team of astronomers used a database combining observations from the best telescopes in the world 1 (detect) the signal from the active supermassive black holes of dying galaxies in the early universe. The 2 (appear) of these active supermassive black holes is related to changes in the host galaxy. This means a black hole could have far-reaching effects 3 the evolution of its host galaxy.
The Milky Way galaxy 4 we live includes stars of various ages, including stars still forming. But in some other galaxies, 5 (know) as elliptical (椭圆的) galaxies, all of the stars are old and about the same age. This indicates that early in 6 (they) history elliptical galaxies had a period of rich star formation that suddenly ended. Why this star formation stopped in some galaxies 7 not others is not well understood. One possibility is that a supermassive black hole disrupts(扰乱) the gas in some galaxies, 8 (create) an environment unsuitable for star formation.
To test this theory, astronomers look at distant galaxies. Due to the limited speed of light, it takes time for light to travel across the void of space. The light we saw last night from an object 10 billion light years away 9 (travel) for 10 billion years to reach Earth. Thus the light we see today shows us what the galaxy looked like when the light left that galaxy 10 billion years ago. So looking at distant galaxies is like looking back in time. But the longer distance also means that distant galaxies look 10 (small), making study more difficult.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024四川泸州月考)
Rising Legacy High School s senior Brianna Ortiz is one of the five students in the US and the only Texan to be selected to attend the International Science School (ISS) this summer in Australia.
This famous programme, designed to inspire young minds and awaken their passion for space exploration, provides students with an immersive and educational experience that promises to shape their future in the field of space science.
Brianna s space journey started when she took part in MISD s Orbitz program in the fall of 2021. That experience gave her the opportunity to apply for ISS through an extensive application process that included letters of recommendation, writing essays and an interview. ISS selected Brianna from a highly competitive pool of international applicants who share enthusiasm for space exploration.
During the programme, Brianna will have the privilege of engaging with outstanding scientists, engineers and educators who will guide her through a series of hands-on activities, simulations, and lectures. This comprehensive training will provide her with invaluable knowledge about space travel, rocketry, robotics, and other essential aspects of the aerospace industry.
“This is a dream coming true for me, and I can t wait to immerse myself in the world of space exploration,” Brianna said. “When I was little, I wanted to be an astronaut, but now I m interested in becoming an aerospace engineer and building rockets that will impact the way we live here on Earth.”
Brianna said one of the things she was most looking forward to was the opportunity to cooperate with fellow like-minded students from around the world. They will participate in team-building exercises, problem-solving challenges, and space mission simulations, developing essential skills such as leadership, critical thinking, and effective communication.
The experience gained at ISS will broaden Brianna s horizons and inspire her to pursue a career in the exciting field of space exploration.
1.What is the aim of ISS
A.To select the best talent. B.To cultivate excellent astronauts.
C.To help students develop a strong mind. D.To get students interested in space exploration.
2.Which of the following best describes the process of Brianna being received by ISS
A.Difficult. B.Painful. C.Creative. D.Awesome.
3.What will Brianna do at ISS
A.Submit her essays. B.Listen to lectures given by experts.
C.Work in an aerospace factory. D.Participate in robotics development.
4.What can we learn about Brianna
A.She has great teamwork skills.
B.She has been the best students at ISS.
C.She dreams of being an astronaut after attending ISS.
D.She has been interested in space exploration since childhood.
B
(2023天津红桥区期末)
Most Chinese know the story of mythological Chang e. It s a story about a woman who takes an immorality pill and flies to the moon. The story is so popular that people can t hear the word Chang e without thinking of romantic images of a moon goddess.
For this reason, China s mission to the moon was calling for a strong female figure. Therefore, pictures of a 24-year-old female space commander have gone viral on Chinese social media for her work on the Chang e 5 Moon exploration programme with comments that she is a “front-line soldier in the field of aerospace” that young Chinese can look up to.
Ms Zhou, a 24-year-old lady of the Tujia ethnic group, is China s youngest ever space commander. She was involved in the successful launch of the Chang e 5 lunar probe on 24 November, in charge of the rocket connector system, the position described as a key role.
In the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site, though she is only 1.58 meters tall and looks “mini”, she is called “Big Sister” for her powerful core and energy. Since senior high, she has dreamed of being a member of a space research team. With her great efforts, she was admitted to the aircraft system and engineering major of a domestic university in 2014, making her aerospace dream come true. To grow into a commander, in two and a half years, she changed five positions to be familiar with multiple posts and types of work, each of which takes great courage and is full of challenges. In a working space with no air conditioning which can accommodate only three people, she worked for 60 days until the completion of the “Long March 5 rocket goes around” battle.
Her story has received attention from Chinese state-run media as well as overseas media outlets. However, it has not appeared to have had much of an effect on her. According to the media, she declined repeated requests for interviews because she does not wish to let fame get in the way of her work.
5.Why does the writer mention the myth of Chang e at the beginning of the passage
A.To tell a romantic story. B.To spread Chinese culture.
C.To introduce the topic. D.To give an example.
6.What makes people think of Ms Zhou as a pioneer for the youth in the field of aerospace
A.Her youth and beauty.
B.Her pictures on the media.
C.Her identity of the Tujia ethnic group.
D.Her performance in the moon-landing programme.
7.Why did Ms Zhou reject the media s invitation to interviews
A.Because she is too shy. B.Because she was not available.
C.Because she is devoted to work. D.Because she hates being famous.
8.What can we learn from Ms Zhou s story
A.Attitude is altitude. B.The early bird catches the worm.
C.Many hands make light work. D.Diligence makes up for stupidity.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 6 Space and beyond
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.crew 2.screamed 3.shadow
Ⅱ.1.suspension 考查名词。句意:艺术专家呼吁暂停修复这位著名画家最有名的画作之一的计划。根据空前的定冠词the和空后的介词of可知设空处应用名词作appealed for的宾语;由语境可知设空处表示“暂停”,故填suspension。
2.instantaneously 考查副词。句意:当你在做好事之后收获别人的感激时,你瞬间会感觉更好。此处修饰动词feel,应用副词作状语。故填instantaneously。
3.for 考查介词。句意:每一个伟大的梦想都始于一位梦想家,要永远记得,你有力量、有耐心、有热情去实现梦想,改变世界。reach for the stars 意为“有摘星之志,努力完成壮举”。
4.accustomed 考查形容词。句意:对于那些习惯了舒适生活的人来说,搬到偏远地区一定很艰难。be/become accustomed to意为“习惯于……”,分析句子结构可知这里应用形容词accustomed作后置定语。故填accustomed。
5.exceptional 考查形容词。句意:古之立大事者,不惟有超世之才,亦有坚韧不拔之志。talent是名词,应用形容词修饰。此处表示“非凡的;杰出的;卓越的”,故填exceptional。
6.tragically 考查副词。句意:但当她的继父在一场车祸中不幸去世时,她的母亲只能靠微薄的收入养活三个女儿,支付上大学的费用就变得不可能了。 设空处修饰动词died,故用副词tragically。
7.whether/if 考查宾语从句。句意:他怀疑自己是否能从他的姐姐那里学到什么新东西,在那么短的时间内取得进步。句中doubted作谓语,后接宾语从句,主句为肯定句,应用whether或if引导宾语从句。
Ⅲ.1.tuned in to 2.set foot on 3.turned into 4.has taken off 5.calls to
Ⅳ.1.cast a shadow on/over
2.become accustomed to communicating with each other
类比启发
表示“习惯于……”的短语除了become/be/grow/get accustomed to...之外还有be/get used to...。注意这些短语中的to都是介词,其后的动词要用v.-ing形式。
3.No matter where you want to go
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.What 考查名词性从句。句意:曾经被认为不可能的事情已经实现了。“ 1 had once been considered impossible”是设空处引导的主语从句,设空处在从句中作主语,表示“……的事情”,故填What。
2.Following 考查现在分词。句意:登月之后,太空旅行对公众来说迅速变得平常。句中已有谓语动词became,设空处应用非谓语动词形式作状语,且follow与其逻辑主语space travel之间为主动关系,因此用现在分词形式。
3.Tragically 考查副词。设空处应用副词作状语,修饰整个句子,表示“悲惨的是”,故填Tragically。
4.on/over 考查介词。cast a shadow on/over...意为“给……蒙上阴影”。
5.were suspended 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:灾难发生后,航天飞机航行被暂停了,同时(相关人员)调查了这次灾难的原因。根据语境及空后的was可知此处表示过去发生的事,应用一般过去时;主语space shuttle flights与suspend之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,且主语为复数形式,故填were suspended。
6.flights 考查名词复数。“that manned 6 would continue”为that引导的同位语从句,设空处为该从句的主语且由空前的manned修饰,应用名词;flight在此处是可数名词且空前没有冠词等限定词,应用复数形式。
7.successful 考查形容词。设空处修饰后面的名词launch,应用形容词作定语,表示“成功的”,故填successful。
8.has been/is 考查时态及主谓一致。由“since the 9 of Challenger”并结合语境可以判断,此处用现在完成时或一般现在时,构成句型“It has been/is+时间段+since...”,意为“自从……以来已经多久了”。故填has been或is。
9.loss 考查名词。由设空处前面的定冠词the及后面的介词of可以判断此处应用名词。lose的名词形式是loss。
10.how 考查状语从句。句意:“挑战者”号的牺牲呼吁并提醒我们必须继续探索星空,无论它们看起来可能有多遥远。“no matter 10 distant they might seem”为“no matter+wh-疑问词”引导的让步状语从句,此处表示“无论多么……”,故填how。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。研究人员对超大质量黑洞的存在和其对其宿主星系的影响进行了猜测,同时希望通过研究更遥远的星系获得进一步的了解。
1.to detect 考查动词不定式。句意:一个国际天文学家团队使用了一个结合了世界上最好的望远镜的观测结果的数据库来探测早期宇宙中垂死星系的活跃超大质量黑洞发出的信号。分析可知,“ 1 (detect) the signal...”为目的状语,用动词不定式。故填to detect。
2.appearance 考查名词。句意:这些活跃的超大质量黑洞的出现与宿主星系的变化有关。根据空前的定冠词The和空后的介词of可知,这里应填名词。appear的名词形式为appearance,appearance作“出现”讲时常用单数形式,再结合语境可知填appearance。
3.on 考查介词。句意:这意味着黑洞可能对其宿主星系的演化有深远影响。这里使用的是固定短语have effects on sth.,意为“对某物有影响”。故填on。
4.where 考查定语从句。句意:我们居住的银河系中有不同年龄的恒星,包括仍在形成的恒星。分析可知,“ 4 we live”为修饰前面的名词短语“The Milky Way galaxy”的定语从句,关系词在从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。
5.known 考查过去分词。句意:但在其他一些被称为椭圆星系的星系中,所有的恒星都是古老的,年龄大致相同。分析可知,“ 5 (know) as elliptical galaxies”为前面的名词短语“some other galaxies”的后置定语,some other galaxies与know之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词形式。故填known。
6.their 考查形容词性物主代词。句意:这表明,在椭圆星系们的早期历史中,有一段恒星形成丰富的时期,但该时期突然结束了。根据空后的名词history可知应填形容词性物主代词。故填their。
7.but 考查连词。句意:为什么这种恒星形成在一些星系中停止,而在其他星系中没有停止,人们并不是很了解。由后面的否定词not可知,这里表示转折,因此用并列连词but。
8.creating 考查现在分词。句意:一种可能性是,超大质量黑洞扰乱了一些星系中的气体,创造了一种不适宜恒星形成的环境。分析可知,“ 8 (create) an environment unsuitable for star formation”为前面that从句的结果,此处表示自然而然的结果,应用现在分词作结果状语。故填creating。
9.had travel(l)ed/travel(l)ed 考查时态。句意:我们昨晚看到的100亿光年外的物体发出的光经过100亿年才到达地球。设空处是主句的谓语,结合语境可知,这里应用过去的某种时态。该动作在saw之前发生,因此设空处可用过去完成时表示过去的过去,也可以用一般过去时表示单纯的过去,故填had travel(l)ed或travel(l)ed。
10.smaller 考查形容词比较级。句意:但是更远的距离也意味着遥远的星系看起来更小,这使得研究更加困难。根据前面的“the longer distance”和后面的“making study more difficult”可推知,这里含有比较的意味,应用形容词的比较级。故填smaller。
【高频词汇】 1.astronomer n.天文学家 2.be related to与……有关系 3.evolution n.进化;演变 4.indicate v.暗示;表明 5.unsuitable adj.不适宜的 6.distant adj.遥远的
【差距词汇】 void n.真空
长难句
原句 An international team of astronomers used a database combining observations from the best telescopes in the world to detect the signal from the active supermassive black holes of dying galaxies in the early universe.
分析 这是一个简单句。句子主干为“An international team of astronomers used a database to detect the signal.”。“combining observations from the best telescopes in the world”为现在分词短语作后置定语;“from the active supermassive black holes of dying galaxies in the early universe”为介词短语作后置定语。
译文 一个国际天文学家团队使用了一个结合了世界上最好的望远镜的观测结果的数据库来探测早期宇宙中垂死星系的活跃超大质量黑洞发出的信号。
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲的是美国一名高中生布里安娜·奥尔蒂斯今年夏天被选入澳大利亚国际科学学校。这次全面的培训将为她提供有关太空旅行、火箭技术、机器人技术和航空航天工业的其他重要方面的宝贵知识。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段的“This famous programme, designed to inspire young minds and awaken their passion for space exploration”可知,ISS的目的是让学生对太空探索产生兴趣。故选D。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“That experience gave her the opportunity to apply for ISS through an extensive application process that included...an interview.”可知,布里安娜申请ISS的过程很繁琐。再结合第三段中的“ISS selected Brianna from a highly competitive pool of international applicants (国际科学学校从竞争激烈的国际申请者中选择了布里安娜)”可知,布里安娜被国际科学学校录取的过程是很困难的。故选A。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“During the programme, Brianna will have the privilege of engaging with outstanding scientists, engineers and educators who will guide her through a series of hands-on activities, simulations, and lectures.(在项目期间,布里安娜将有幸与杰出的科学家、工程师和教育工作者接触,他们将通过一系列的实践活动、模拟和讲座来指导她。)”可知,布里安娜在国际科学学校将会听专家的讲座。故选B。
4.D 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“This is a dream coming true for me...of space exploration”和“When I was little, I wanted to be an astronaut(当我还小的时候,我想成为一名宇航员)”可知,布里安娜从小就对太空探索感兴趣。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.essential adj.必不可少的;必需的
2.come true 实现 3.participate in参加,参与
4.broaden one s horizons拓宽某人的视野,开阔某人的眼界 5.cultivate v.培养;栽培
【熟词生义】 pool n.备用人员
【差距词汇】 1.privilege n.荣幸,幸运;特权,特殊待遇
2.immersive adj.沉浸式的
长难句
原句 This famous programme, designed to inspire young minds and awaken their passion for space exploration, provides students with an immersive and educational experience that promises to shape their future in the field of space science.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。“designed to inspire young minds...exploration”为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰This famous programme;“that promises to shape...science”为关系代词that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词an immersive and educational experience,that在从句中作主语。
译文 这个著名的项目旨在启发年轻人的思想,唤醒他们对太空探索的热情,为学生提供一段沉浸式且有教益的经历,这段经历有望塑造他们在太空科学领域的未来。
B
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了参与嫦娥五号月球探测计划的年轻女指挥官周女士的个人经历以及取得的成就。
5.C 推理判断题。文章第一段介绍了神话中嫦娥奔月的故事,还提到“嫦娥”一词总是让人们联想到浪漫的月亮女神形象,第二段第一句说“因此,中国的登月任务需要一个坚强的女性形象”,由此引出了下文对周女士的介绍。由此可推知,作者在文章的开头提到嫦娥的神话是为了引入介绍中国年轻的探月女指挥官周女士这一主题。故选C。
6.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Therefore, pictures of a 24-year-old female space commander...can look up to.(因此,因为在嫦娥五号探月计划中所做的工作,一名24岁的女航天指挥官的照片在中国社交媒体上疯传,有评论说她是值得中国年轻人尊敬的‘航天领域的一线战士’)”可知,周女士在登月计划中的表现让人们认为她是航空航天领域的青年先驱。故选D。
7.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“According to the media, she declined repeated requests for interviews because she does not wish to let fame get in the way of her work.(据媒体报道,她拒绝了多次采访请求,因为她不想让名声妨碍她的工作)”可知,周女士拒绝媒体的采访邀请是因为她要致力于工作,故选C。
8.A 推理判断题。文章倒数第二段提到从高中开始,她就梦想着成为太空研究团队的一员;在她的努力下,2014年她考上了国内一所大学的飞机系统与工程专业,实现了她的航空梦;为了成长为一名指挥官,她在两年半的时间里换了五个岗位,熟悉了多个岗位和工作类型;在一个没有空调、只能容纳三人的工作空间里,她工作了60天,直到完成“长征五号火箭绕行”任务。由此可推知,周女士坚持自己的梦想,不懈努力,勇于挑战,是积极的态度成就了她现在的成功。因此,我们能从周女士的故事中学到“态度决定高度”的道理。故选A。B.早起的鸟儿有虫吃;C.众人拾柴火焰高;D.勤能补拙。
易错归因
本题易错选B项。 B项说明勤奋的人会有好的回报,而文章倒数第二段中除了提到周女士的勤奋外,还提到了她勇于接受挑战等方面,强调的是她从高中开始就一以贯之的积极上进态度,是这种态度让她坚持下去,决定了她成就的高度。B项概括得不够全面,故排除。
【高频词汇】 1.commander n.指挥官 2.go viral迅速、广泛传播 3.look up to尊敬,仰慕 4.launch n.发射;发起;上市 v.发射;发起,发动;上市,发行 5.in charge of负责 6.domestic adj.国内的 7.multiple adj.多种多样的,数量多的 8.accommodate v.容纳;为……提供住宿 9.decline v.拒绝 10.get in the way of妨碍
【差距词汇】 1.mythological adj.神话的 2.immorality n.不道德 3.aerospace n.航空航天(工业) 4.the lunar probe月球探测器
长难句
原句 Therefore, pictures of a 24-year-old female space commander have gone viral on Chinese social media for her work on the Chang e 5 Moon exploration programme with comments that she is a “front-line soldier in the field of aerospace” that young Chinese can look up to.
分析 本句为主从复合句。“pictures of a 24-year-old female space commander”为主句的主语,“have gone”为谓语;“for her work on...programme”为介词短语作原因状语;“with comments that...look up to”为介词短语作状语;“that she is...look up to”为that引导的同位语从句,其中,“that young Chinese can look up to”为that引导的定语从句。
译文 因此,因为在嫦娥五号探月计划中所做的工作,一名24岁的女航天指挥官的照片在中国社交媒体上疯传,有评论说她是值得中国年轻人尊敬的“航空航天领域的一线战士”。
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