2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册强化练习题--Unit 6 Part 2 Using Language（含答案与解析）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册
Part 2 Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.That new white car bought by his father is totally (很好的) and every family member is fond of it.
2.(2024四川雅安期中)She can turn a piece of paper the size of a handkerchief into a (逼真的) papercutting work in less than one minute.
Ⅱ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
用情态动词的适当形式填空
1.(2022浙江1月) I guess you be there early; otherwise you won t get a seat.
2. you mind my troubling you with some questions
3. we share the oil with them
4. Peter come with us tonight, but he isn t very sure yet.
5.—Must I finish the homework first
—No, you .
6.We return by the end of February. We will start work again in March.
题型(二)
1.我们昨晚本应该打扫屋子的,但我们却去听音乐会了。
We the house last night, but we went to the concert instead.
2.我本来可以解出这道题的,但我没有。
I the question, but I didn t.
3.他们今天早上很早就出发了,现在肯定已经到了。
They started early this morning; they by now.
4.你本来不必浇花的,因为天要下雨了。
You the flowers, for it is going to rain.
5.我本来会告诉你这个男孩的故事,但是你没有问我。
I you the story about the boy, but you didn t ask me.
6.她很惊讶汤姆竟然能完成所有的工作而不求助于其他人。
She was surprised that Tom without turning to others for help.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.我想向您提交我的申请,以便您可以更好地了解我。(submit)
I would like to so that you can better learn about me.
2.听到外边突然一声巨响,我吓得要死,心都提到了嗓子眼儿,几乎不能呼吸。
Hearing a sudden big noise outside, I was frightened to death and could hardly breathe, . (读后续写—心理描写)
3.当我深深地看着她时,她似乎领会了我所说的一切,因为她的眼睛里充满了喜悦和希望。(take)
When I looked at her deeply, she seemed to because her eyes were full of joy and hope. (读后续写—神态描写)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024山西阳泉期中)
Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives. For example, the information about weather forecasts is sent by satellite. Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of Earth to show how clouds are moving. Satellites are also used to connect our phone calls.
Computer connections to the World Wide Web and the Internet also use satellites. Many of our TV programs come to us by satellite. Airplane pilots sometimes also use a satellite to help themselves find their exact location.
We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another. They are usually 35,880 kilometers above the equator (赤道). Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place. This is because it is moving around the world at 11,000 kilometers an hour—exactly the same speed at which the Earth rotates (转动). A satellite must move around the Earth with its antennae (天线) facing the Earth. Sometimes, it moves away from its orbit, so there are some rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position. This usually happens about every five or six days.
Space is not empty! Every week, more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit Earth. A satellite usually works for about 10-12 years. Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes brought back to Earth to be repaired. Often, very old or broken satellites are left in the cosmos to orbit Earth for a very long time. Tragically, This is very dangerous because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash into each other.
1.What s the speed that the Earth rotates at
A.35,880 km/h. B.7.9 km/s. C.11,000 km/h. D.110,000 km/h.
2.What does the underlined word “This” in the third paragraph refer to
A.A satellite moves around the Earth forever.
B.A rocket always keeps a satellite company.
C.A satellite seems to stay in the same place in the sky.
D.The satellite puts the rockets in the right position.
3.Which of the following statements about satellites is TRUE
A.When a satellite gets broken, it is thrown away.
B.A satellite usually serves about 10-12 years.
C.A broken satellite can harm people on Earth.
D.Broken satellites always crash into each other.
4.What is the passage mainly about
A.How Internet connections benefit from satellites.
B.How we can get television pictures.
C.What astronauts do in space.
D.What satellites are used for and how they work.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023湖南长沙市长郡中学阶段测验)
Now, imagine we re deep space explorers and we ve found something out in space that is both extremely heavy and very small. This mysterious object would pull so powerfully that nothing inside could escape to the outside. 1 Again imagine we stay in our spaceship at a safe distance and make a movie of this black hole. 2 We would instead see the black hole eat anything that came too close. We get lucky: as we watch, the black hole swallows an entire star!
Our movie, titled “The black hole eats a star”, gets a million views online. 3 In the movie played backwards, we d see a very heavy, very small object just sitting there—and then, all of a sudden, spit an entire star out! The object we re looking at now, which spits everything out and eats nothing, would be called a white hole.
Are there white holes We have good evidence from our telescopes that black holes really do exist. 4 That astronomers think about white holes is because of Albert Einstein. He came up with an awesome idea about gravity. His theory describes how black holes work, with their huge gravitational pull and he also says white holes are possible. So could our universe actually make a white hole 5 Probably not. Something can be “possible” as an idea, but extremely unlikely in real life.
White holes are unlikely because they are an “in reverse” kind of thing. Time in our universe only flows in one direction: forward. So for now, white holes are just an interesting possibility.
A.This kind of object is a black hole.
B.Is there a white hole in the cosmos
C.Now imagine yourself to near a black hole.
D.However, we ve never seen a white hole.
E.And could a black hole become a white hole
F.We d never see anything escape from the black hole.
G.But now imagine what would happen if we played it in reverse.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2024黑龙江哈尔滨月考)
For a little girl growing up in Colombia in the 1980s, a science career with NASA may have seemed like setting foot on a faraway planet. 1 , Diana Trujillo has made it—she is a(n) 2 now, leading a 45-person team that s responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover. Born in 1983, even as a young girl, Trujillo was certain of her passion for science. When she was 17, her dad offered to send her to Miami, Florida to study Aerospace Engineering. Without any 3 , she followed her dad s 4 . Arriving in the U.S. with just $300, Trujillo had to 5 through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs. The 6 was definitely not easy, but Trujillo never complained.
Then came another 7 moment for Trujillo. One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with. 8 she was “just one person away from knowing an astronaut” was all it took to 9 Trujillo s career goals. So she 10 her studies of space science and 11 became the first Hispanic (西班牙语国家的) woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007. Since then, Trujillo has worn many hats at America s space agency.
But Trujillo hasn t 12 there. She also leads by example, 13 women to pursue careers in STEM fields. Her own story is a 14 that just beyond that barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to 15 the stars.
1.A.Therefore B.Otherwise
C.However D.Moreover
2.A.astronaut B.engineer
C.pilot D.doctor
3.A.hesitation B.complaint
C.expectation D.exception
4.A.command B.footsteps
C.request D.suggestion
5.A.go B.pass
C.struggle D.push
6.A.mission B.career
C.adventure D.process
7.A.risk-taking B.life-changing
C.time-consuming D.energy-saving
8.A.Realizing B.Remembering
C.Imagining D.Assuming
9.A.record B.share
C.inspire D.finish
10.A.started B.abandoned
C.suspended D.continued
11.A.tragically B.eventually
C.gradually D.instantaneously
12.A.left B.succeeded
C.stopped D.reached
13.A.encouraging B.promising
C.allowing D.persuading
14.A.symbol B.shadow
C.warning D.reminder
15.A.stare at B.reach for
C.long for D.come after
答案与分层梯度式解析
Part 2 Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.awesome 2.lifelike
Ⅱ.题型(一)
1.should/have to 句意:我想你应该/得早点到那儿,否则你就没有座位了。设空处表示建议,意为“应该”,或表示客观情况的要求,意为“不得不”,故填should或have to。
2.Would 句意:你介意我打扰一下问你一些问题吗 此处用Would表示委婉的请求,“Would you mind...”为固定搭配。
3.Shall 句意:我们和他们分油好吗 此处用于第一人称的疑问句中,表示征求意见,故填Shall。
4.may/might/could 句意:彼得今晚可能和我们一起来,但他现在还不是很确定。设空处表示推测,意为“可能,或许”,用在肯定句中,故填may或might或could。
5.needn t/don t have to 句意:——我必须先完成作业吗 ——不,你不必。此处回答must引出的问句,由“No”可知是否定回答,应用needn t或don t have to,表示“不必”。
6.have to 句意:我们不得不二月底之前返回。我们三月份将再次开始工作。have to意为“不得不”,表示一种客观要求。
题型(二)
1.should have cleaned
2.could have worked out
3.must have arrived
4.needn t have watered
5.would have told
6.should finish all the work
Ⅲ.1.submit my application to you
2.my heart in my mouth
3.take in all I said
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文为一篇说明文,介绍了人造卫星的用途、工作原理及使用时限。
1.C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“This is because it is moving around the world at 11,000 kilometers an hour—exactly the same speed at which the Earth rotates.(这是因为它以每小时11,000千米的速度绕地球运行——与地球自转的速度完全相同)”可知,地球以每小时11,000千米的速度自转。故选C。
2.C 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段画线词前文中的“Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place.(有时我们可以在天空中看到一颗人造卫星,它似乎停留在同一个地方)”可知,下文的This指代前文提到的“一颗人造卫星似乎停留在天空的同一个地方”。故选C。
3.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“A satellite usually works for about 10-12 years.(一颗人造卫星通常工作十到十二年)”可知,一颗人造卫星可以服役十到十二年。故选B。
4.D 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives.”和其后给出的例子、第二段内容、第三段中的“A satellite must move around the Earth with its antennae facing the Earth. Sometimes...six days.”以及第四段中的“A satellite usually works for about 10-12 years...to be repaired.”再结合文章其他内容可知,文章主要围绕着人造卫星的作用和工作原理来展开,所以D项(人造卫星能为我们做什么以及它们是如何工作的)作为文章标题最合适。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.weather forecast n.天气预报 2.orbit n.轨道v.沿轨道运行;围绕……运动 3.crash v.碰撞;撞毁 4.keep...company陪伴……
长难句
原句 Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of Earth to show how clouds are moving.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。主句为“Some satellites have cameras”;which引导定语从句,修饰先行词cameras;how引导宾语从句。
译文 有些人造卫星装有照相机,可以拍摄地球的照片,以显示云正在如何移动。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了宇宙中是否存在白洞的问题。
1.A 过渡句。根据设空处前文的内容可知,太空中有个特别重又特别小的物体,这个神秘的物体具有强大的拉力,以至于它内部的任何东西都无法逃出去。根据设空处后一句的内容“再想象一下,我们待在宇宙飞船里,在一个安全的距离拍摄这个黑洞的电影”可知,设空处会提到“黑洞”,与空后的“this black hole”相呼应。根据空前对这个物体的介绍和常识并结合选项可知,A项(这种物体就是黑洞)符合语境。故选A。
2.F 细节句。根据设空处后文的内容“相反,我们会看到黑洞吞噬任何靠得太近的东西。我们很幸运:当我们观察时,黑洞吞噬了一整个恒星!”可知,空后的“instead”是解题的关键,设空处与空后是对比关系,空后说的是我们会看到什么,推测设空处会说我们不会看到什么。结合选项可知F项(我们永远看不到任何东西从黑洞中逃脱)符合语境,故选F。
3.G 过渡句。设空处前一句和上一段提到了关于黑洞的电影。根据设空处后一句提到的“In the movie played backwards”可知,后文讲述了倒放的电影的内容,G项中的“played it in reverse”与此句中的“played backwards”意义一致,都强调倒放。设空处前边说的是关于黑洞的电影,后边说将电影倒放后的情况,G项中的But说明前后是转折关系,G项(但是现在想象一下,如果我们反过来放映这部电影会发生什么)承接前文提到的电影,同时引出后文对倒放电影的介绍,承上启下,符合语境,故选G。
4.D 过渡句。根据设空处前文的内容“有白洞吗 我们的望远镜有充分的证据表明黑洞确实存在”及设空处后文“That astronomers think about white holes is because of Albert Einstein.(天文学家之所以会想到白洞是因为爱因斯坦)”,尤其是其中的“think about white holes”可知,设空处会提到白洞。结合选项可知D项(然而,我们却从没有见过白洞)说明白洞的情况,与前文形成转折关系,即“黑洞的存在有证据,然而,我们却从没有见过白洞”,符合语境,故选D。
5.E 过渡句。根据设空处前一句的内容“那么我们的宇宙真的能形成白洞吗 ”以及后文“可能不会。有些事情作为想法可能是‘可能的’,但在现实生活中却极不可能”并结合选项可知,E项(黑洞能变成白洞吗 )符合语境,是一个针对白洞的设问句,与前一句并列,后文是对这两个问题的回答,故选E。
【高频词汇】 1.explorer n.探险者 2.extremely adv.极度,非常 3.escape v.逃走,逃脱 4.entire adj.整个的
5.evidence n.证据
【熟词生义】 swallow v.吞没,侵吞
【差距词汇】 1.the gravitational pull n.引力 2.in reverse相反,反向
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在哥伦比亚长大的Diana Trujillo克服重重困难,成了美国航空航天局的一名工程师,领导着团队负责最新的火星探测器的机械臂的故事。
1.C 根据上文“For a little girl growing up in Colombia in the 1980s, a science career with NASA may have seemed like setting foot on a faraway planet.”和下文“Diana Trujillo has made it”可知,在当时对于Diana Trujillo这样的女孩来说,在美国航空航天局从事科学事业是遥不可及的事情,但她却做到了,空前后构成转折关系。A.因此;B.否则;C.然而;D.此外。故选C。
2.B 根据下文“leading a 45-person team that s responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover”以及“to study Aerospace Engineering”可知,Diana Trujillo领导着团队负责最新火星探测器的机械臂,而且学的是航空航天工程,因此她应该是一名工程师。A.宇航员;B.工程师;C.飞行员;D.医生。故选B。
3.A 根据上文“Born in 1983, even as a young girl, Trujillo was certain of her passion for science.”可知,还是个小女孩的时候,Trujillo就对科学充满了热情,因此她会毫不犹豫地接受父亲提出的建议。固定短语without hesitation意为“毫不犹豫地”。A.犹豫;B.抱怨;C.期待;D.例外。故选A。
4.D 根据上文“her dad offered to send her to Miami, Florida to study Aerospace Engineering”可知,此处指父亲提出的送她去学习航空航天工程的建议。A.命令;B.脚步;C.请求;D.建议。故选D。注意:follow in one s footsteps意为“仿效某人”。
5.C 根据上文“with just $300”和“by doing a series of housekeeping jobs”可知,Trujillo当时经济比较困难,得做很多家政工作来赚钱,由此可知,她是艰难地完成了学业。此处用struggle through来表示“艰难地度过”。故选C。
6.D 根据上文“Arriving in the U.S. with just $300, Trujillo had to 5 through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs.”可知,此处指Trujillo通过打工赚钱来完成学业的过程。A.任务;B.职业;C.冒险;D.过程。故选D。
7.B 根据下文“ 8 she was ‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’ was all it took to 9 Trujillo s career goals.”可知,Trujillo自此更坚定地追求自己的职业目标,因此这里指她经历了另一个改变人生的时刻。A.冒险;B.改变人生的;C.耗时间的;D.节能的。故选B。
8.A 根据上文“One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with.”和下文“she was ‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’”可推知,教授不经意提到的事情让她意识到了自己离认识宇航员其实很近。A.意识到;B.记住;C.想象;D.假定。故选A。
9.C 根据上文“she was ‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’”可知,自己离认识宇航员其实很近这样的想法会激励Trujillo的职业目标,让她继续努力学习。A.记录;B.分享;C.激励;D.完成。故选C。
10.D 根据上一段中的“to study Aerospace Engineering”和下文“became the first Hispanic woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007”可知,Trujillo一开始学的就是航空航天相关的专业,也就是与太空科学相关的专业,后来她真的被美国航空航天局学院录取了,因此她是继续学习这个专业。A.开始;B.放弃;C.暂停;D.继续。故选D。
易错归因
本题容易误选A项,原因在于未能把上文的“to study Aerospace Engineering”与空后的“her studies of space science”进行联系,实际上Aerospace Engineering(航空航天工程学)就属于 space science(太空科学),所以她是继续学习,而不是开始学习。
11.B 根据上文叙述的Trujillo克服经济困难,努力完成学业以及在教授不经意提到的事情的启发下继续学习可推知,此处指这个过程的结局是她最终成为第一位被美国航空航天局学院录取的来自说西班牙语国家的女性。A.不幸地;B.最终;C.逐渐;D.即刻。故选B。
12.C 根据下文“She also leads by example”可知,Trujillo还做了其他的事情,因此这里指她并没有就此止步。A.离开;B.成功;C.停止;D.到达。故选C。
13.A 根据上文“She also leads by example”可知,Trujillo在以身作则,通过自己的故事来鼓励女性在STEM领域从事工作。A.鼓励;B.承诺;C.允许;D.劝说。故选A。
14.D 根据上文叙述的在哥伦比亚长大的Diana Trujillo克服重重困难,成为美国航空航天局的一名工程师可推知,她的故事给予我们的是正面的提醒,告诉我们努力可以助力实现梦想。A.象征;B.阴影;C.警告;D.提醒人的事物。故选D。
15.B 根据上文“lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to”可推知,此处是用Trujillo追寻太空梦的故事激励追寻梦想的人。reach for the stars意为“努力完成壮举”。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.set foot on 踏上 2.be responsible for对……负责 3.definitely adv.肯定 4.casually adv.随意地
【差距词汇】 be acquainted with...熟悉/了解……
长难句
原句 Her own story is a reminder that just beyond that barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to reach for the stars.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。其中“Her own story is a reminder.”为主句,“that just...the stars”为that引导的同位语从句,对reminder进行解释和说明;“beyond that barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities”为完全倒装结构; “waiting...the stars”为现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰opportunities;“willing to work hard enough to reach for the stars”为形容词短语作后置定语,修饰anyone。
译文 她自己的故事提醒我们,就在那个障碍之外,整个宇宙的机会都在等待着任何愿意付出足够多的努力以完成壮举的人。
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2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册
Part 2 Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.That new white car bought by his father is totally (很好的) and every family member is fond of it.
2.(2024四川雅安期中)She can turn a piece of paper the size of a handkerchief into a (逼真的) papercutting work in less than one minute.
Ⅱ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
用情态动词的适当形式填空
1.(2022浙江1月) I guess you be there early; otherwise you won t get a seat.
2. you mind my troubling you with some questions
3. we share the oil with them
4. Peter come with us tonight, but he isn t very sure yet.
5.—Must I finish the homework first
—No, you .
6.We return by the end of February. We will start work again in March.
题型(二)
1.我们昨晚本应该打扫屋子的,但我们却去听音乐会了。
We the house last night, but we went to the concert instead.
2.我本来可以解出这道题的,但我没有。
I the question, but I didn t.
3.他们今天早上很早就出发了,现在肯定已经到了。
They started early this morning; they by now.
4.你本来不必浇花的,因为天要下雨了。
You the flowers, for it is going to rain.
5.我本来会告诉你这个男孩的故事,但是你没有问我。
I you the story about the boy, but you didn t ask me.
6.她很惊讶汤姆竟然能完成所有的工作而不求助于其他人。
She was surprised that Tom without turning to others for help.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.我想向您提交我的申请,以便您可以更好地了解我。(submit)
I would like to so that you can better learn about me.
2.听到外边突然一声巨响,我吓得要死,心都提到了嗓子眼儿,几乎不能呼吸。
Hearing a sudden big noise outside, I was frightened to death and could hardly breathe, . (读后续写—心理描写)
3.当我深深地看着她时,她似乎领会了我所说的一切,因为她的眼睛里充满了喜悦和希望。(take)
When I looked at her deeply, she seemed to because her eyes were full of joy and hope. (读后续写—神态描写)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024山西阳泉期中)
Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives. For example, the information about weather forecasts is sent by satellite. Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of Earth to show how clouds are moving. Satellites are also used to connect our phone calls.
Computer connections to the World Wide Web and the Internet also use satellites. Many of our TV programs come to us by satellite. Airplane pilots sometimes also use a satellite to help themselves find their exact location.
We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another. They are usually 35,880 kilometers above the equator (赤道). Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place. This is because it is moving around the world at 11,000 kilometers an hour—exactly the same speed at which the Earth rotates (转动). A satellite must move around the Earth with its antennae (天线) facing the Earth. Sometimes, it moves away from its orbit, so there are some rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position. This usually happens about every five or six days.
Space is not empty! Every week, more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit Earth. A satellite usually works for about 10-12 years. Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes brought back to Earth to be repaired. Often, very old or broken satellites are left in the cosmos to orbit Earth for a very long time. Tragically, This is very dangerous because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash into each other.
1.What s the speed that the Earth rotates at
A.35,880 km/h. B.7.9 km/s. C.11,000 km/h. D.110,000 km/h.
2.What does the underlined word “This” in the third paragraph refer to
A.A satellite moves around the Earth forever.
B.A rocket always keeps a satellite company.
C.A satellite seems to stay in the same place in the sky.
D.The satellite puts the rockets in the right position.
3.Which of the following statements about satellites is TRUE
A.When a satellite gets broken, it is thrown away.
B.A satellite usually serves about 10-12 years.
C.A broken satellite can harm people on Earth.
D.Broken satellites always crash into each other.
4.What is the passage mainly about
A.How Internet connections benefit from satellites.
B.How we can get television pictures.
C.What astronauts do in space.
D.What satellites are used for and how they work.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023湖南长沙市长郡中学阶段测验)
Now, imagine we re deep space explorers and we ve found something out in space that is both extremely heavy and very small. This mysterious object would pull so powerfully that nothing inside could escape to the outside. 1 Again imagine we stay in our spaceship at a safe distance and make a movie of this black hole. 2 We would instead see the black hole eat anything that came too close. We get lucky: as we watch, the black hole swallows an entire star!
Our movie, titled “The black hole eats a star”, gets a million views online. 3 In the movie played backwards, we d see a very heavy, very small object just sitting there—and then, all of a sudden, spit an entire star out! The object we re looking at now, which spits everything out and eats nothing, would be called a white hole.
Are there white holes We have good evidence from our telescopes that black holes really do exist. 4 That astronomers think about white holes is because of Albert Einstein. He came up with an awesome idea about gravity. His theory describes how black holes work, with their huge gravitational pull and he also says white holes are possible. So could our universe actually make a white hole 5 Probably not. Something can be “possible” as an idea, but extremely unlikely in real life.
White holes are unlikely because they are an “in reverse” kind of thing. Time in our universe only flows in one direction: forward. So for now, white holes are just an interesting possibility.
A.This kind of object is a black hole.
B.Is there a white hole in the cosmos
C.Now imagine yourself to near a black hole.
D.However, we ve never seen a white hole.
E.And could a black hole become a white hole
F.We d never see anything escape from the black hole.
G.But now imagine what would happen if we played it in reverse.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2024黑龙江哈尔滨月考)
For a little girl growing up in Colombia in the 1980s, a science career with NASA may have seemed like setting foot on a faraway planet. 1 , Diana Trujillo has made it—she is a(n) 2 now, leading a 45-person team that s responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover. Born in 1983, even as a young girl, Trujillo was certain of her passion for science. When she was 17, her dad offered to send her to Miami, Florida to study Aerospace Engineering. Without any 3 , she followed her dad s 4 . Arriving in the U.S. with just $300, Trujillo had to 5 through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs. The 6 was definitely not easy, but Trujillo never complained.
Then came another 7 moment for Trujillo. One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with. 8 she was “just one person away from knowing an astronaut” was all it took to 9 Trujillo s career goals. So she 10 her studies of space science and 11 became the first Hispanic (西班牙语国家的) woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007. Since then, Trujillo has worn many hats at America s space agency.
But Trujillo hasn t 12 there. She also leads by example, 13 women to pursue careers in STEM fields. Her own story is a 14 that just beyond that barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to 15 the stars.
1.A.Therefore B.Otherwise
C.However D.Moreover
2.A.astronaut B.engineer
C.pilot D.doctor
3.A.hesitation B.complaint
C.expectation D.exception
4.A.command B.footsteps
C.request D.suggestion
5.A.go B.pass
C.struggle D.push
6.A.mission B.career
C.adventure D.process
7.A.risk-taking B.life-changing
C.time-consuming D.energy-saving
8.A.Realizing B.Remembering
C.Imagining D.Assuming
9.A.record B.share
C.inspire D.finish
10.A.started B.abandoned
C.suspended D.continued
11.A.tragically B.eventually
C.gradually D.instantaneously
12.A.left B.succeeded
C.stopped D.reached
13.A.encouraging B.promising
C.allowing D.persuading
14.A.symbol B.shadow
C.warning D.reminder
15.A.stare at B.reach for
C.long for D.come after
答案与分层梯度式解析
Part 2 Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.awesome 2.lifelike
Ⅱ.题型(一)
1.should/have to 句意:我想你应该/得早点到那儿,否则你就没有座位了。设空处表示建议,意为“应该”,或表示客观情况的要求,意为“不得不”,故填should或have to。
2.Would 句意:你介意我打扰一下问你一些问题吗 此处用Would表示委婉的请求,“Would you mind...”为固定搭配。
3.Shall 句意:我们和他们分油好吗 此处用于第一人称的疑问句中,表示征求意见,故填Shall。
4.may/might/could 句意:彼得今晚可能和我们一起来,但他现在还不是很确定。设空处表示推测,意为“可能,或许”,用在肯定句中,故填may或might或could。
5.needn t/don t have to 句意:——我必须先完成作业吗 ——不,你不必。此处回答must引出的问句,由“No”可知是否定回答,应用needn t或don t have to,表示“不必”。
6.have to 句意:我们不得不二月底之前返回。我们三月份将再次开始工作。have to意为“不得不”,表示一种客观要求。
题型(二)
1.should have cleaned
2.could have worked out
3.must have arrived
4.needn t have watered
5.would have told
6.should finish all the work
Ⅲ.1.submit my application to you
2.my heart in my mouth
3.take in all I said
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文为一篇说明文,介绍了人造卫星的用途、工作原理及使用时限。
1.C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“This is because it is moving around the world at 11,000 kilometers an hour—exactly the same speed at which the Earth rotates.(这是因为它以每小时11,000千米的速度绕地球运行——与地球自转的速度完全相同)”可知,地球以每小时11,000千米的速度自转。故选C。
2.C 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段画线词前文中的“Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place.(有时我们可以在天空中看到一颗人造卫星,它似乎停留在同一个地方)”可知,下文的This指代前文提到的“一颗人造卫星似乎停留在天空的同一个地方”。故选C。
3.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“A satellite usually works for about 10-12 years.(一颗人造卫星通常工作十到十二年)”可知,一颗人造卫星可以服役十到十二年。故选B。
4.D 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives.”和其后给出的例子、第二段内容、第三段中的“A satellite must move around the Earth with its antennae facing the Earth. Sometimes...six days.”以及第四段中的“A satellite usually works for about 10-12 years...to be repaired.”再结合文章其他内容可知,文章主要围绕着人造卫星的作用和工作原理来展开,所以D项(人造卫星能为我们做什么以及它们是如何工作的)作为文章标题最合适。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.weather forecast n.天气预报 2.orbit n.轨道v.沿轨道运行;围绕……运动 3.crash v.碰撞;撞毁 4.keep...company陪伴……
长难句
原句 Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of Earth to show how clouds are moving.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。主句为“Some satellites have cameras”;which引导定语从句,修饰先行词cameras;how引导宾语从句。
译文 有些人造卫星装有照相机,可以拍摄地球的照片,以显示云正在如何移动。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了宇宙中是否存在白洞的问题。
1.A 过渡句。根据设空处前文的内容可知,太空中有个特别重又特别小的物体,这个神秘的物体具有强大的拉力,以至于它内部的任何东西都无法逃出去。根据设空处后一句的内容“再想象一下,我们待在宇宙飞船里,在一个安全的距离拍摄这个黑洞的电影”可知,设空处会提到“黑洞”,与空后的“this black hole”相呼应。根据空前对这个物体的介绍和常识并结合选项可知,A项(这种物体就是黑洞)符合语境。故选A。
2.F 细节句。根据设空处后文的内容“相反,我们会看到黑洞吞噬任何靠得太近的东西。我们很幸运:当我们观察时,黑洞吞噬了一整个恒星!”可知,空后的“instead”是解题的关键,设空处与空后是对比关系,空后说的是我们会看到什么,推测设空处会说我们不会看到什么。结合选项可知F项(我们永远看不到任何东西从黑洞中逃脱)符合语境,故选F。
3.G 过渡句。设空处前一句和上一段提到了关于黑洞的电影。根据设空处后一句提到的“In the movie played backwards”可知,后文讲述了倒放的电影的内容,G项中的“played it in reverse”与此句中的“played backwards”意义一致,都强调倒放。设空处前边说的是关于黑洞的电影,后边说将电影倒放后的情况,G项中的But说明前后是转折关系,G项(但是现在想象一下,如果我们反过来放映这部电影会发生什么)承接前文提到的电影,同时引出后文对倒放电影的介绍,承上启下,符合语境,故选G。
4.D 过渡句。根据设空处前文的内容“有白洞吗 我们的望远镜有充分的证据表明黑洞确实存在”及设空处后文“That astronomers think about white holes is because of Albert Einstein.(天文学家之所以会想到白洞是因为爱因斯坦)”,尤其是其中的“think about white holes”可知,设空处会提到白洞。结合选项可知D项(然而,我们却从没有见过白洞)说明白洞的情况,与前文形成转折关系,即“黑洞的存在有证据,然而,我们却从没有见过白洞”,符合语境,故选D。
5.E 过渡句。根据设空处前一句的内容“那么我们的宇宙真的能形成白洞吗 ”以及后文“可能不会。有些事情作为想法可能是‘可能的’,但在现实生活中却极不可能”并结合选项可知,E项(黑洞能变成白洞吗 )符合语境,是一个针对白洞的设问句,与前一句并列,后文是对这两个问题的回答,故选E。
【高频词汇】 1.explorer n.探险者 2.extremely adv.极度,非常 3.escape v.逃走,逃脱 4.entire adj.整个的
5.evidence n.证据
【熟词生义】 swallow v.吞没,侵吞
【差距词汇】 1.the gravitational pull n.引力 2.in reverse相反,反向
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在哥伦比亚长大的Diana Trujillo克服重重困难,成了美国航空航天局的一名工程师,领导着团队负责最新的火星探测器的机械臂的故事。
1.C 根据上文“For a little girl growing up in Colombia in the 1980s, a science career with NASA may have seemed like setting foot on a faraway planet.”和下文“Diana Trujillo has made it”可知,在当时对于Diana Trujillo这样的女孩来说,在美国航空航天局从事科学事业是遥不可及的事情,但她却做到了,空前后构成转折关系。A.因此;B.否则;C.然而;D.此外。故选C。
2.B 根据下文“leading a 45-person team that s responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover”以及“to study Aerospace Engineering”可知,Diana Trujillo领导着团队负责最新火星探测器的机械臂,而且学的是航空航天工程,因此她应该是一名工程师。A.宇航员;B.工程师;C.飞行员;D.医生。故选B。
3.A 根据上文“Born in 1983, even as a young girl, Trujillo was certain of her passion for science.”可知,还是个小女孩的时候,Trujillo就对科学充满了热情,因此她会毫不犹豫地接受父亲提出的建议。固定短语without hesitation意为“毫不犹豫地”。A.犹豫;B.抱怨;C.期待;D.例外。故选A。
4.D 根据上文“her dad offered to send her to Miami, Florida to study Aerospace Engineering”可知,此处指父亲提出的送她去学习航空航天工程的建议。A.命令;B.脚步;C.请求;D.建议。故选D。注意:follow in one s footsteps意为“仿效某人”。
5.C 根据上文“with just $300”和“by doing a series of housekeeping jobs”可知,Trujillo当时经济比较困难,得做很多家政工作来赚钱,由此可知,她是艰难地完成了学业。此处用struggle through来表示“艰难地度过”。故选C。
6.D 根据上文“Arriving in the U.S. with just $300, Trujillo had to 5 through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs.”可知,此处指Trujillo通过打工赚钱来完成学业的过程。A.任务;B.职业;C.冒险;D.过程。故选D。
7.B 根据下文“ 8 she was ‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’ was all it took to 9 Trujillo s career goals.”可知,Trujillo自此更坚定地追求自己的职业目标,因此这里指她经历了另一个改变人生的时刻。A.冒险;B.改变人生的;C.耗时间的;D.节能的。故选B。
8.A 根据上文“One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with.”和下文“she was ‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’”可推知,教授不经意提到的事情让她意识到了自己离认识宇航员其实很近。A.意识到;B.记住;C.想象;D.假定。故选A。
9.C 根据上文“she was ‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’”可知,自己离认识宇航员其实很近这样的想法会激励Trujillo的职业目标,让她继续努力学习。A.记录;B.分享;C.激励;D.完成。故选C。
10.D 根据上一段中的“to study Aerospace Engineering”和下文“became the first Hispanic woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007”可知,Trujillo一开始学的就是航空航天相关的专业,也就是与太空科学相关的专业,后来她真的被美国航空航天局学院录取了,因此她是继续学习这个专业。A.开始;B.放弃;C.暂停;D.继续。故选D。
易错归因
本题容易误选A项,原因在于未能把上文的“to study Aerospace Engineering”与空后的“her studies of space science”进行联系,实际上Aerospace Engineering(航空航天工程学)就属于 space science(太空科学),所以她是继续学习,而不是开始学习。
11.B 根据上文叙述的Trujillo克服经济困难,努力完成学业以及在教授不经意提到的事情的启发下继续学习可推知,此处指这个过程的结局是她最终成为第一位被美国航空航天局学院录取的来自说西班牙语国家的女性。A.不幸地;B.最终;C.逐渐;D.即刻。故选B。
12.C 根据下文“She also leads by example”可知,Trujillo还做了其他的事情,因此这里指她并没有就此止步。A.离开;B.成功;C.停止;D.到达。故选C。
13.A 根据上文“She also leads by example”可知,Trujillo在以身作则,通过自己的故事来鼓励女性在STEM领域从事工作。A.鼓励;B.承诺;C.允许;D.劝说。故选A。
14.D 根据上文叙述的在哥伦比亚长大的Diana Trujillo克服重重困难,成为美国航空航天局的一名工程师可推知,她的故事给予我们的是正面的提醒,告诉我们努力可以助力实现梦想。A.象征;B.阴影;C.警告;D.提醒人的事物。故选D。
15.B 根据上文“lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to”可推知,此处是用Trujillo追寻太空梦的故事激励追寻梦想的人。reach for the stars意为“努力完成壮举”。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.set foot on 踏上 2.be responsible for对……负责 3.definitely adv.肯定 4.casually adv.随意地
【差距词汇】 be acquainted with...熟悉/了解……
长难句
原句 Her own story is a reminder that just beyond that barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to reach for the stars.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。其中“Her own story is a reminder.”为主句,“that just...the stars”为that引导的同位语从句,对reminder进行解释和说明;“beyond that barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities”为完全倒装结构; “waiting...the stars”为现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰opportunities;“willing to work hard enough to reach for the stars”为形容词短语作后置定语,修饰anyone。
译文 她自己的故事提醒我们,就在那个障碍之外,整个宇宙的机会都在等待着任何愿意付出足够多的努力以完成壮举的人。
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