2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册强化练习题--Unit 1 Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（含答案与解析）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册
Unit 1 Looking forwards
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.These islands are only several (小圆点) on the map, but their scenery is magnificent.
2.The criminal left a note at the scene of the crime, challenging (侦探) to catch him.
3.Life can be understood b , but it must be lived forwards.
4.A c is a person who reports news from a particular place.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.(2024山东济宁期中) (ultimate), this experience has shown students that they can make a difference to somebody, and that there are problems they can fix with science.
2.My sister is a very girl and one of her is to become a chemical engineer in the future.(ambition)
3.Some young people like reading books, from which they can learn more about the important sites. (history)
4.The young man with a pair of white is a teacher, and he to be a maths teacher in our school this term. (train)
5.(2024浙江浙南名校期中)“ risks we might take, we will finally make it there!” said the captain, in an assured voice.
6.(2024全国甲)They (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
Ⅲ.选词填空
take action; by contrast; in the face of; come one s way; take a leaf from one s book
Unfortunately, I failed in the job interview again last weekend. However, I wouldn t give up. I realized opportunities wouldn t 1. if I didn t work hard. 2. the difficulty, I 3. to improve myself and learnt about the successful applicants to 4. , because 5. , they were more skillful and had better performance in the interview than me. With persistent efforts, I managed to get a position in a big company.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.(2022全国乙写作) 结果是,当谈到英语学习时,学生们更喜欢娱乐的方式而不是传统的方式。(turn out;when)
students favor the entertaining ways over the traditional ones .
2.正如预料的一样,他因天气被迫改变了之前的安排。(定语从句;force)
, he the previous arrangements owing to the weather.
3.As soon as he saw the videos, he felt that the memories of his boyhood came flooding back.(句型转换)
→ the videos, he felt that the memories of his boyhood came flooding back.
→ / the videos, he felt that the memories of his boyhood came flooding back. (读后续写—心理描写)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
It is known that having plans for the future is no guarantee 1 they will come true. As for this, some people are 2 (fortunate) than others.
The American author, Ernest Hemingway, born in 1899, had an 3 (ambitious) to write from early boyhood. The moment he left high school, he joined a local newspaper as a trainee reporter. He decided to write one story about each thing he knew about. 4 (set) himself this goal, he wrote novels and short stories based on his personal experiences. His novel The Old Man and the Sea 5 (win) the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953.
In contrast, Arthur Conan Doyle had 6 (original) worked as a doctor. After Sherlock Holmes made him famous, Doyle gave up medicine and devoted himself entirely 7 writing. He wanted to become known for his historical novels, so he killed off the famous detective in a novel 8 (publish) in 1893. However, fans of Holmes were so angry that Doyle was forced 9 (bring) Holmes back from the dead.
Though the two men were successful at last, their paths to success were different. So, 10 difficulties you might encounter, learn from the two authors and be prepared for the unexpected.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024陕西西安学业考试)
Tay grew up working beside his father and brother in a kitchen. While his dad cooked, Tay would do the dishes and help 1 other work. Years later, after his dad and brother had passed away, Tay made up his mind that he would honor their legacy (遗产) of bringing 2 (smile) to people through food! The only problem was that he had no idea how to cook.
Instead of 3 (give) up, Tay began watching tutorials (学习指南) on the Internet 4 (careful). With efforts to study online, Tay and his wife Sarah were able to open a restaurant of their own ultimately. They cooked by 5 (they) and provided numerous people with delicious barbecue classics.
Up till now, the restaurant 6 (offer) jobs to more than 60 people in their community, and thousands of people have been there 7 (get) a taste of Tay s cooking! “I never pictured all this happening. You can dream but to see things fall into place is 8 (excite),” Tay said. At present, he no longer needs tutorials to help improve his cooking skills, but he hasn t forgotten this unique teacher.
“First, I ran from it, and then it was a hobby, and then it just fell into place. When you re really doing 9 you love to do, it makes sense,” Tay added. What 10 beautiful way to honor his father and brother!
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024广东广州执信中学期中)
13-year-old Ava Dorsey is the founder of Ava s Pet Palace, a business that sells organic dog and cat treats. “I actually had the idea when I was six with a picture I drew of a palace,” she says. It was a detailed design for dogs and cats and she had serious plans to build it one day.
Unlike most dog treats that you find in stores, dog treats sold by Ava s Pet Palace are 100% organic, and are non-GMO (非转基因的). Ava has set a goal for herself with these dog treats, and she wants every treat to be healthy, tasty, and of top quality. Seriously, some of her treats sound delicious enough for people to eat! “All of my bags now have the USDA organic stamp, and I m very excited to have gotten it because it s something I ve wanted for a long time,” she says. “A lot of stores like to see organic products because customers like them, so that was really exciting.”
Ava says the biggest challenge of being a kid in business is when people don t take her seriously and have second thoughts, but undoubtedly Ava has proved that her doubters are wrong! When asked how she defines (给……下定义) success, Ava says, “When you hit a bump in the road, under no circumstances should you give up and you must keep trying.” She learned that from her mom, who sounds like a smart lady! Some more things Ava has learned from her years in business: Hard work ultimately pays off and there is nothing wrong with asking for help.
As far as the future of the pet treat industry goes, Ava is optimistic—but she d also like to be an inspiration for change. “There s not much diversity (多样性) right now, so that s something I would love to see in the future,” says Ava. “I would also love to see more kids in this industry. There aren t many other teenagers around, and I hope that I can be an inspiration to others who hope to lead the pet industry.”
1.What can we learn about Ava s Pet Palace from the first two paragraphs
A.It is a palace for pets. B.It is very popular among kids.
C.It sells organic pet food. D.It designs stamps for customers.
2.According to Ava Dorsey, what s the definition of success
A.A serious plan to sell a large quantity of organic pet treats.
B.A goal to build a physical palace for dogs and cats.
C.A belief in continuing to try despite facing obstacles.
D.A situation to be taken seriously by people in business.
3.What can be inferred about Ava s future goals
A.She plans to enlarge her business in other industries.
B.She wants to employ more teenagers in her company.
C.She intends to be a leading figure in the pet industry.
D.She hopes to break new ground in the pet treat industry.
4.Which of the following best describes Ava
A.Patient and hard-working. B.Determined and creative.
C.Confident and humorous. D.Friendly and ambitious.
B
(2024浙江丽水期末)
Different people have different ambitions in life such as doctors. For as long as I can remember I always had an affection for teaching people something. From my childhood, I taught others whatever I learned in school. It started with helping someone trying to tie their shoelaces or making my younger siblings remember alphabets through a sing-song rhythm. This profession will enable me to make humble contributions to the building of my nation by instilling the spirit of nationalism and patriotism in my students. The sense of accomplishment I used to feel when the other person ultimately learned whatever from me was indescribable.
The main reason why I always want to teach is that firstly I think teaching comes naturally to me and secondly, I always have the utmost respect for my teacher, who knows my strengths and weaknesses more than I do. According to Plato, education is the turning of the inner eye towards the light. By entering the teaching profession, I can hope to perform this stupendous task.
I aspire to make a difference in others lives through education. I m studying to be an elementary school teacher because I believe that children can achieve so much more if they learn early of their potential. My parents taught me as a child that schooling was vital to success in life. Truly, that lesson has been the most important in my path to college. I don t think I would have made it this far had I not taken my education seriously.
What started from teaching my siblings in their homework ended in me volunteering to teach underprivileged children and this made me realize that in this world there could be never enough educators and that there are always people in this world who are in need of learning. I want to teach others about the importance of education so they too can prosper. Everything I m learning at university is important for my future career and, if I don t study it, I m failing my future students. In view of the foregoing reasons, I am convinced that my preference to become a teacher is a step in the right direction. I will, therefore, spare no effort to achieve this ambition of my life.
5.Why does the author mention the childhood experience in the passage
A.To share the sense of accomplishment. B.To advocate nationalism and patriotism.
C.To introduce several ways to help others. D.To explain the inborn passion for teaching.
6.What does the word “stupendous” underlined in paragraph 2 refer to
A.Impossible. B.Impressive. C.Indescribable. D.Imaginary.
7.What inspires the author to become an elementary school teacher
A.The life of the university. B.The significance of education.
C.The power of students potential. D.The successful career of the author s parents.
8.What has the author learned from the voluntary work
A.Being a teacher is effortless. B.Poor children fail to be educators.
C.Studying at a university is not enough. D.Education should be accessible to all.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 1 Looking forwards
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.dots 2.detectives 3.backwards 4.correspondent
Ⅱ.1.Ultimately 考查副词。句意:最终,这次经历告诉学生们,他们可以影响别人,另外,他们可以用科学解决一些问题。由空后的逗号可知,此处应用副词作状语,修饰整个句子,ultimate的副词形式是ultimately,表示“最终”。句首单词的首字母要大写,故填Ultimately。
2.ambitious;ambitions 考查形容词和名词的数。句意:我的姐姐是一个非常有雄心的女孩,她的理想之一是将来成为一名化学工程师。由第一空前面的a very和后面的girl可知,第一空应用形容词作定语,修饰girl;由句意可知第一空表示“有雄心的”,故填ambitious。由第二空前面的one of和形容词性物主代词her可知,第二空应用名词的复数形式,故填ambitions。
3.historical;historic 考查形容词。句意:一些年轻人喜欢阅读有关历史的书籍,从中他们可以了解到更多关于重要的历史古迹的事。根据两空后的“books”和“sites”可知,两空都用形容词作定语。结合语境可知,第一空表示“有关历史的”,应用形容词historical;第二空表示“历史上著名的”,应用形容词historic。
易错归因
此题易弄混historical和historic的位置,原因是没有准确掌握两个形容词的不同意义。historical表示“(有关)历史的;有关历史研究的;历史学的”,通常涉及历史、史学、过去的事实;而historic表示“历史性的,历史上重要的/著名的”,强调事物本身具有的重大历史意义。
4.trainers;trainee;is being trained/is training 考查名词和动词的时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:那个穿着双白色运动鞋的年轻人是一位实习老师,这个学期正在我们学校接受数学教师培训。由句意及“a pair of”可推知,第一空表示“运动鞋”且应用复数,故第一空填trainers。a trainee teacher意为“一位实习老师”,符合语境,故第二空填trainee。本句中and连接两个并列分句,and后的分句中缺少谓语动词,因此第三空应用动词;根据第三空后面的时间状语“this term”和语境可知,此处要用现在进行时,表示“现阶段正在做某事”;主语为he,谓语应用第三人称单数形式;train可以作及物动词,意为“培训”,也可以作不及物动词,意为“接受培训”,由语境可知此处表示“他正被培训”或者“他正接受培训”,因此用被动语态和主动语态都可以,故第三空填is being trained或is training。
5.Whatever 考查连词。句意:“无论我们可能会冒什么样的风险,我们最终都会到达那里的!”船长自信地说。分析句子结构可知,“ risks we might take”为设空处引导的让步状语从句;结合句意可知,设空处修饰risks,表示“无论什么样的”,应用whatever。设空处位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Whatever。
学科思维
whatever在引导状语从句或名词性从句时,如表示“无论什么”,可作主语、宾语、表语等;如表示“无论什么样的”,常作定语,修饰后面的名词。
类比启发
“特殊疑问词-ever”结构的词(如whatever、whoever、however、whenever、wherever等)可引导让步状语从句,也可引导名词性从句。仅在让步状语从句中该类词可转换为“no matter+特殊疑问词”,如whatever可转换为no matter what。
6.were 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:他们是一个由15名成员组成的探险队的一部分,这个队伍之前花了近五周的美好时光见证了那里的自然美景。分析句子结构可知,“that...there”为that引导的定语从句,that前为主句,设空处为主句的谓语动词。结合从句谓语had spent和句意可知,主句要用一般过去时;主句主语是They,谓语要用复数形式。故填were。
Ⅲ.1.come my way 2.In the face of 3.took action
4.take a leaf from their book 5.by contrast
Ⅳ.1.It turns out that; when it comes to English learning
2.As was expected; was forced to change
3.On/Upon seeing; Immediately/Directly/Instantly he saw; The moment/instant/minute he saw
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.that 考查同位语从句。句意:众所周知,对未来有所计划并不能保证它们会实现。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,设空处后为完整句子,意思完整且不缺少成分,“they will come true”为guarantee的具体内容,由此推断设空处引导同位语从句,故填that。
2.more fortunate 考查形容词比较级。句意:关于这一点,一些人比其他人更幸运。根据空后的than可知,本空应用形容词fortunate的比较级形式。
3.ambition 考查名词。句意:美国作家欧内斯特·海明威生于1899年,从少年时代早期起他的理想就是写作。根据空前的不定冠词an可知本空应用名词单数形式,此处表示“追求的目标,理想”,故填ambition。
4.Having set 考查现在分词的完成式。句意:在为自己设定了这个目标之后,他根据他的亲身经历写了长篇小说和短篇小说。句中已有谓语wrote且逗号前后没有连词连接,则设空处应用非谓语动词形式。本空在句中作状语,句子主语he和动词set之间为主动关系,应用现在分词形式,且set表示的动作在wrote表示的动作之前发生,故本空应用现在分词的完成式Having set。
5.won 考查时态。句意:他的小说《老人与海》于1953年获得普利策小说奖。设空处作谓语,根据时间状语in 1953可知,本空应用一般过去时。
6.originally 考查副词。句意:相比之下,阿瑟·柯南·道尔原先是一名医生。本空修饰谓语had worked,应用副词作状语,表示“原来,起初”,故填originally。
7.to 考查介词。句意:在夏洛克·福尔摩斯使道尔成名后,道尔便放弃了医学,全身心地致力于写作。devote oneself to意为“致力于,献身于”,故本空应用介词to。
8.published 考查过去分词。句意:……所以他在1893年出版的一部小说中除掉了这位著名的侦探。本句中so连接前后两个并列分句;so后的分句中已有谓语动词killed且该分句中没有连词,则设空处应用非谓语动词形式。由句意及句子结构可知本空修饰名词novel,novel和publish之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故本空应用过去分词作后置定语。
9.to bring 考查不定式。句意:然而,福尔摩斯的粉丝们如此愤怒以至于道尔被迫使福尔摩斯起死回生。be forced to do sth.意为“被迫做某事”,故本空应用不定式形式。
10.whatever 考查让步状语从句。句意:所以,不管你可能遇到什么困难,都要向这两位作家学习,为应对意外做好准备。根据语境和句子结构可知设空处引导让步状语从句,表示“无论什么”,根据空后的difficulties可知,本空应用whatever。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Tay在亲人去世后,决定尊重他们的遗志,通过食物把微笑带给人们。不会做菜就上网自学,Tay通过自学成功开办了餐馆,为人们提供美味的食物,并为社区的人提供了工作。Tay以这种美好的方式来纪念他的父亲和哥哥。
1.with 考查介词。句意:爸爸做饭的时候,Tay会洗碗并帮忙做其他工作。help with sth.为固定搭配,表示“帮忙做某事”。故填with。
2.smiles 考查名词的数。根据动词bringing和空后的介词to可知,设空处应用名词作宾语;smile作名词时表示“微笑”,为可数名词,空前没有限定词修饰,要用其复数形式。故填smiles。
3.giving 考查动名词。句意:Tay没有放弃,而是开始仔细观看网上的教程。根据介词短语Instead of可知,设空处要用动名词作宾语。故填giving。
4.carefully 考查副词。分析句子可知,设空处修饰动词watching,应用副词作状语。故填carefully。
5.themselves 考查反身代词。句意:他们亲自下厨,为很多人提供了美味的烧烤经典。分析句子可知,设空处作宾语,与主语They所指一致,应用反身代词。by oneself表示“独自,靠自己”。故填themselves。
6.has offered 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,这家餐厅已经为他们社区的六十多个人提供了工作,成千上万的人已经去过那里以品尝Tay的烹饪!分析句子可知,and连接两个并列分句,设空处为前一分句的谓语动词,结合时间状语“Up till now”可知,用现在完成时。前一分句的主语the restaurant是第三人称单数,与offer之间为主动关系,故填has offered。
7.to get 考查动词不定式。句意同上。根据and后的分句中的谓语动词have been可知,设空处应为非谓语动词。结合句意可知,设空处作目的状语,表示“去那里是为了品尝……”,应用动词不定式。故填to get。
8.exciting 考查形容词。句意:我从没想过会发生这样的事。你可以去梦想,但看到事情顺利进行才是令人激动的……。分析句子可知,设空处作表语;主语为不定式短语“to see things fall into place”,结合语境可知设空处表示该不定式短语的性质,表示“令人激动的”,应用形容词exciting作表语,故填exciting。
9.what 考查宾语从句。句意:……当你真正在做你喜欢做的事情时,这是有意义的……。分析句子可知,“ 9 you love to do”为设空处引导的宾语从句,作doing的宾语,设空处在从句中作do的宾语,表示“……的事情”,故填what。
10.a 考查冠词。句意:这是多么美好的纪念他父亲和哥哥的方式啊!分析句子可知,该句为感叹句,结构为“What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词短语”,根据该结构可知设空处应用不定冠词限定名词短语beautiful way,表示“一种美好的方式”;beautiful以辅音音素开头,故填a。
【高频词汇】 1.pass away去世 2.honor v.信守,尊重
3.fall into place (情况)豁然开朗;(计划或事件)按所希望的方式发生 4.unique adj.独特的;独一无二的
5.make sense 有意义
【熟词生义】 picture v.想象,设想
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了13岁的Ava Dorsey创立了一家销售有机猫狗零食的企业Ava宠物宫(Ava s Pet Palace)。她看好宠物零食行业的未来,同时也希望更多的青少年加入这个行业。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的关键信息“Ava s Pet Palace, a business that sells organic dog and cat treats”可知,Ava宠物宫是一家销售有机猫狗零食的公司,因此C项 “出售有机宠物食品”符合题意。故选C。
2.C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句中她对怎样定义成功的回答“When you hit a bump in the road, under no circumstances should you give up and you must keep trying.(当你在路上遇到颠簸时,你决不应该放弃,你要继续努力)”可知,C项“一种尽管面临障碍仍要继续努力的信念”符合语境。故选C。
学科思维
英语中一些具象的事物、事情有时可引申为抽象意义,比如本文第三段中的“hit a bump”。“hit a bump”本意为“撞到一处凸起的地方”,文中表面上是使用的其本意,但内含其引申义“遇到某个障碍/麻烦/问题等”。
3.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“As far as the future of...something I would love to see in the future”可知,就宠物零食行业的未来而言,Ava是乐观的,但现在没有太多的多样性,她希望自己成为变革的灵感来源。由此可知,Ava Dorsey看好宠物零食行业的未来,希望自己能给行业变化带来灵感与启示,期待更多的多样性。由此可推断,Ava的未来目标是希望在宠物零食行业开辟新领域。故选D。
4.B 推理判断题。根据Ava的主要事迹以及她对成功的定义可知,作为一名年轻的企业家,Ava面临很多挑战,尤其是她因年龄小不被人看好,但她始终不放弃并最终获得成功。由此可推断,她是“坚定的”。由文章内容可知,她6岁时便萌生了创业的想法,并努力实现理想和未来的目标,由此可知,Ava是“富有创造力的”。故选B。
类比启发
该类描述人物、事物的题往往考查“人物的品格、性格或事物的特点”,需要通过人物的主要事迹或事物的主要描述、他人的评价等推断解答。
【高频词汇】 1.founder n.创办者 2.set a goal 设立一个目标 3.undoubtedly adv.毋庸置疑地 4.pay off 取得成功,奏效;还清
【差距词汇】 organic adj.有机的
长难句
原句 Ava says the biggest challenge of being a kid in business is when people don t take her seriously and have second thoughts, but undoubtedly Ava has proved that her doubters are wrong!
分析 本句为并列复合句,but连接两个并列分句。在but前的分句中,“says”后是省略that的宾语从句,其中“when people...second thoughts”是when引导的表语从句。but后的分句中“that her doubters are wrong”是that引导的宾语从句。
译文 Ava说,作为一个孩子,她在生意上面临的最大的挑战就是人们不把她当回事并且犹豫不决,但是毫无疑问,Ava已经证明了那些怀疑她的人是错误的!
B
◎语篇解读 这是一篇议论文。文章阐述了作者成为一名教师的梦想和追求。
5.D 推理判断题。根据第一段第二、三句“For as long as I can remember I always had an affection for teaching people something. From my childhood, I taught others whatever I learned in school.(从我记事起,我就一直喜欢教别人一些东西。从童年开始,我就教别人我在学校学到的任何东西)”可知,作者提到自己从童年开始就喜欢教别人东西,这解释了他对教学的天生热情。故选D。
6.B 词义猜测题。根据上文“According to Plato, education is the turning of the inner eye towards the light.”可知,作者认为从事教育事业是积极的、有意义的。A.不可能的;B.令人赞叹的;C.难以形容的;D.想象中的。结合选项可知B项最符合语境,故选B。
7.B 推理判断题。根据第三段的关键信息“I aspire to make a difference in others lives through education...I believe that children can achieve so much more if they learn early of their potential...schooling was vital to success in life. Truly, that lesson has been the most important in my path to college.”可知,作者提到自己渴望通过教育改变别人的生活,自己的父母教育自己学习的重要性,这是自己走向大学的最重要的教训。由此推知,作者认为教育非常重要,这激发了他成为一名小学教师的愿望。故选B。
8.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知,从教兄弟姐妹做作业开始,我最终成了志愿者,教授贫困儿童,这让我意识到在这个世界上,教育者永远不会足够,而且总是有人需要学习。由此可知,作者通过参与志愿工作教授贫困儿童,深刻意识到在这个世界上教育对于所有人来说都是必要的,不应该被限制,即“教育应该对所有人都是可及的”。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.rhythm n.节奏;韵律 2.profession n.行业,职业 3.perform v.执行,做;运转;表演;表现
4.potential n.潜力;可能性adj.潜在的,可能的
5.prosper v.成功;发达;繁荣;兴旺 6.accessible adj.易得到的,可接近的,易懂的
【熟词生义】 fail v.使失望;有负于
【差距词汇】 1.alphabet n.字母表 2.instill v.逐渐灌输 3.nationalism n.民族主义 4.patriotism n.爱国主义
5.indescribable adj.难以形容的 6.utmost adj.最大的
7.aspire v.渴望(成就);有志(成为) 8.underprivileged adj.贫苦的;机遇少的;在社会中处于弱势的;底层的 9.foregoing adj.上述的
长难句
原句 The main reason why I always want to teach is that firstly I think teaching comes naturally to me and secondly, I always have the utmost respect for my teacher, who knows my strengths and weaknesses more than I do.
分析 本句为主从复合句。“why I always want to teach”是why引导的定语从句,修饰先行词The main reason。The main reason是主句的主语,is后是that引导的表语从句,其中,and连接两个并列分句。第一个分句中,“teaching comes naturally to me”是省略that的宾语从句;第二个分句中,“who knows...I do”是who引导的定语从句,修饰my teacher, 其中“more than I do”是比较状语从句。
译文 我一直想教书的主要原因是,首先,我认为教书对我来说是天生的,其次,我一直对我的老师充满敬意,他比我更了解我的优点和缺点。
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2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册
Unit 1 Looking forwards
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.These islands are only several (小圆点) on the map, but their scenery is magnificent.
2.The criminal left a note at the scene of the crime, challenging (侦探) to catch him.
3.Life can be understood b , but it must be lived forwards.
4.A c is a person who reports news from a particular place.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.(2024山东济宁期中) (ultimate), this experience has shown students that they can make a difference to somebody, and that there are problems they can fix with science.
2.My sister is a very girl and one of her is to become a chemical engineer in the future.(ambition)
3.Some young people like reading books, from which they can learn more about the important sites. (history)
4.The young man with a pair of white is a teacher, and he to be a maths teacher in our school this term. (train)
5.(2024浙江浙南名校期中)“ risks we might take, we will finally make it there!” said the captain, in an assured voice.
6.(2024全国甲)They (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
Ⅲ.选词填空
take action; by contrast; in the face of; come one s way; take a leaf from one s book
Unfortunately, I failed in the job interview again last weekend. However, I wouldn t give up. I realized opportunities wouldn t 1. if I didn t work hard. 2. the difficulty, I 3. to improve myself and learnt about the successful applicants to 4. , because 5. , they were more skillful and had better performance in the interview than me. With persistent efforts, I managed to get a position in a big company.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.(2022全国乙写作) 结果是,当谈到英语学习时,学生们更喜欢娱乐的方式而不是传统的方式。(turn out;when)
students favor the entertaining ways over the traditional ones .
2.正如预料的一样,他因天气被迫改变了之前的安排。(定语从句;force)
, he the previous arrangements owing to the weather.
3.As soon as he saw the videos, he felt that the memories of his boyhood came flooding back.(句型转换)
→ the videos, he felt that the memories of his boyhood came flooding back.
→ / the videos, he felt that the memories of his boyhood came flooding back. (读后续写—心理描写)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
It is known that having plans for the future is no guarantee 1 they will come true. As for this, some people are 2 (fortunate) than others.
The American author, Ernest Hemingway, born in 1899, had an 3 (ambitious) to write from early boyhood. The moment he left high school, he joined a local newspaper as a trainee reporter. He decided to write one story about each thing he knew about. 4 (set) himself this goal, he wrote novels and short stories based on his personal experiences. His novel The Old Man and the Sea 5 (win) the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953.
In contrast, Arthur Conan Doyle had 6 (original) worked as a doctor. After Sherlock Holmes made him famous, Doyle gave up medicine and devoted himself entirely 7 writing. He wanted to become known for his historical novels, so he killed off the famous detective in a novel 8 (publish) in 1893. However, fans of Holmes were so angry that Doyle was forced 9 (bring) Holmes back from the dead.
Though the two men were successful at last, their paths to success were different. So, 10 difficulties you might encounter, learn from the two authors and be prepared for the unexpected.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024陕西西安学业考试)
Tay grew up working beside his father and brother in a kitchen. While his dad cooked, Tay would do the dishes and help 1 other work. Years later, after his dad and brother had passed away, Tay made up his mind that he would honor their legacy (遗产) of bringing 2 (smile) to people through food! The only problem was that he had no idea how to cook.
Instead of 3 (give) up, Tay began watching tutorials (学习指南) on the Internet 4 (careful). With efforts to study online, Tay and his wife Sarah were able to open a restaurant of their own ultimately. They cooked by 5 (they) and provided numerous people with delicious barbecue classics.
Up till now, the restaurant 6 (offer) jobs to more than 60 people in their community, and thousands of people have been there 7 (get) a taste of Tay s cooking! “I never pictured all this happening. You can dream but to see things fall into place is 8 (excite),” Tay said. At present, he no longer needs tutorials to help improve his cooking skills, but he hasn t forgotten this unique teacher.
“First, I ran from it, and then it was a hobby, and then it just fell into place. When you re really doing 9 you love to do, it makes sense,” Tay added. What 10 beautiful way to honor his father and brother!
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024广东广州执信中学期中)
13-year-old Ava Dorsey is the founder of Ava s Pet Palace, a business that sells organic dog and cat treats. “I actually had the idea when I was six with a picture I drew of a palace,” she says. It was a detailed design for dogs and cats and she had serious plans to build it one day.
Unlike most dog treats that you find in stores, dog treats sold by Ava s Pet Palace are 100% organic, and are non-GMO (非转基因的). Ava has set a goal for herself with these dog treats, and she wants every treat to be healthy, tasty, and of top quality. Seriously, some of her treats sound delicious enough for people to eat! “All of my bags now have the USDA organic stamp, and I m very excited to have gotten it because it s something I ve wanted for a long time,” she says. “A lot of stores like to see organic products because customers like them, so that was really exciting.”
Ava says the biggest challenge of being a kid in business is when people don t take her seriously and have second thoughts, but undoubtedly Ava has proved that her doubters are wrong! When asked how she defines (给……下定义) success, Ava says, “When you hit a bump in the road, under no circumstances should you give up and you must keep trying.” She learned that from her mom, who sounds like a smart lady! Some more things Ava has learned from her years in business: Hard work ultimately pays off and there is nothing wrong with asking for help.
As far as the future of the pet treat industry goes, Ava is optimistic—but she d also like to be an inspiration for change. “There s not much diversity (多样性) right now, so that s something I would love to see in the future,” says Ava. “I would also love to see more kids in this industry. There aren t many other teenagers around, and I hope that I can be an inspiration to others who hope to lead the pet industry.”
1.What can we learn about Ava s Pet Palace from the first two paragraphs
A.It is a palace for pets. B.It is very popular among kids.
C.It sells organic pet food. D.It designs stamps for customers.
2.According to Ava Dorsey, what s the definition of success
A.A serious plan to sell a large quantity of organic pet treats.
B.A goal to build a physical palace for dogs and cats.
C.A belief in continuing to try despite facing obstacles.
D.A situation to be taken seriously by people in business.
3.What can be inferred about Ava s future goals
A.She plans to enlarge her business in other industries.
B.She wants to employ more teenagers in her company.
C.She intends to be a leading figure in the pet industry.
D.She hopes to break new ground in the pet treat industry.
4.Which of the following best describes Ava
A.Patient and hard-working. B.Determined and creative.
C.Confident and humorous. D.Friendly and ambitious.
B
(2024浙江丽水期末)
Different people have different ambitions in life such as doctors. For as long as I can remember I always had an affection for teaching people something. From my childhood, I taught others whatever I learned in school. It started with helping someone trying to tie their shoelaces or making my younger siblings remember alphabets through a sing-song rhythm. This profession will enable me to make humble contributions to the building of my nation by instilling the spirit of nationalism and patriotism in my students. The sense of accomplishment I used to feel when the other person ultimately learned whatever from me was indescribable.
The main reason why I always want to teach is that firstly I think teaching comes naturally to me and secondly, I always have the utmost respect for my teacher, who knows my strengths and weaknesses more than I do. According to Plato, education is the turning of the inner eye towards the light. By entering the teaching profession, I can hope to perform this stupendous task.
I aspire to make a difference in others lives through education. I m studying to be an elementary school teacher because I believe that children can achieve so much more if they learn early of their potential. My parents taught me as a child that schooling was vital to success in life. Truly, that lesson has been the most important in my path to college. I don t think I would have made it this far had I not taken my education seriously.
What started from teaching my siblings in their homework ended in me volunteering to teach underprivileged children and this made me realize that in this world there could be never enough educators and that there are always people in this world who are in need of learning. I want to teach others about the importance of education so they too can prosper. Everything I m learning at university is important for my future career and, if I don t study it, I m failing my future students. In view of the foregoing reasons, I am convinced that my preference to become a teacher is a step in the right direction. I will, therefore, spare no effort to achieve this ambition of my life.
5.Why does the author mention the childhood experience in the passage
A.To share the sense of accomplishment. B.To advocate nationalism and patriotism.
C.To introduce several ways to help others. D.To explain the inborn passion for teaching.
6.What does the word “stupendous” underlined in paragraph 2 refer to
A.Impossible. B.Impressive. C.Indescribable. D.Imaginary.
7.What inspires the author to become an elementary school teacher
A.The life of the university. B.The significance of education.
C.The power of students potential. D.The successful career of the author s parents.
8.What has the author learned from the voluntary work
A.Being a teacher is effortless. B.Poor children fail to be educators.
C.Studying at a university is not enough. D.Education should be accessible to all.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 1 Looking forwards
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.dots 2.detectives 3.backwards 4.correspondent
Ⅱ.1.Ultimately 考查副词。句意:最终,这次经历告诉学生们,他们可以影响别人,另外,他们可以用科学解决一些问题。由空后的逗号可知,此处应用副词作状语,修饰整个句子,ultimate的副词形式是ultimately,表示“最终”。句首单词的首字母要大写,故填Ultimately。
2.ambitious;ambitions 考查形容词和名词的数。句意:我的姐姐是一个非常有雄心的女孩,她的理想之一是将来成为一名化学工程师。由第一空前面的a very和后面的girl可知,第一空应用形容词作定语,修饰girl;由句意可知第一空表示“有雄心的”,故填ambitious。由第二空前面的one of和形容词性物主代词her可知,第二空应用名词的复数形式,故填ambitions。
3.historical;historic 考查形容词。句意:一些年轻人喜欢阅读有关历史的书籍,从中他们可以了解到更多关于重要的历史古迹的事。根据两空后的“books”和“sites”可知,两空都用形容词作定语。结合语境可知,第一空表示“有关历史的”,应用形容词historical;第二空表示“历史上著名的”,应用形容词historic。
易错归因
此题易弄混historical和historic的位置,原因是没有准确掌握两个形容词的不同意义。historical表示“(有关)历史的;有关历史研究的;历史学的”,通常涉及历史、史学、过去的事实;而historic表示“历史性的,历史上重要的/著名的”,强调事物本身具有的重大历史意义。
4.trainers;trainee;is being trained/is training 考查名词和动词的时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:那个穿着双白色运动鞋的年轻人是一位实习老师,这个学期正在我们学校接受数学教师培训。由句意及“a pair of”可推知,第一空表示“运动鞋”且应用复数,故第一空填trainers。a trainee teacher意为“一位实习老师”,符合语境,故第二空填trainee。本句中and连接两个并列分句,and后的分句中缺少谓语动词,因此第三空应用动词;根据第三空后面的时间状语“this term”和语境可知,此处要用现在进行时,表示“现阶段正在做某事”;主语为he,谓语应用第三人称单数形式;train可以作及物动词,意为“培训”,也可以作不及物动词,意为“接受培训”,由语境可知此处表示“他正被培训”或者“他正接受培训”,因此用被动语态和主动语态都可以,故第三空填is being trained或is training。
5.Whatever 考查连词。句意:“无论我们可能会冒什么样的风险,我们最终都会到达那里的!”船长自信地说。分析句子结构可知,“ risks we might take”为设空处引导的让步状语从句;结合句意可知,设空处修饰risks,表示“无论什么样的”,应用whatever。设空处位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Whatever。
学科思维
whatever在引导状语从句或名词性从句时,如表示“无论什么”,可作主语、宾语、表语等;如表示“无论什么样的”,常作定语,修饰后面的名词。
类比启发
“特殊疑问词-ever”结构的词(如whatever、whoever、however、whenever、wherever等)可引导让步状语从句,也可引导名词性从句。仅在让步状语从句中该类词可转换为“no matter+特殊疑问词”,如whatever可转换为no matter what。
6.were 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:他们是一个由15名成员组成的探险队的一部分,这个队伍之前花了近五周的美好时光见证了那里的自然美景。分析句子结构可知,“that...there”为that引导的定语从句,that前为主句,设空处为主句的谓语动词。结合从句谓语had spent和句意可知,主句要用一般过去时;主句主语是They,谓语要用复数形式。故填were。
Ⅲ.1.come my way 2.In the face of 3.took action
4.take a leaf from their book 5.by contrast
Ⅳ.1.It turns out that; when it comes to English learning
2.As was expected; was forced to change
3.On/Upon seeing; Immediately/Directly/Instantly he saw; The moment/instant/minute he saw
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.that 考查同位语从句。句意:众所周知,对未来有所计划并不能保证它们会实现。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,设空处后为完整句子,意思完整且不缺少成分,“they will come true”为guarantee的具体内容,由此推断设空处引导同位语从句,故填that。
2.more fortunate 考查形容词比较级。句意:关于这一点,一些人比其他人更幸运。根据空后的than可知,本空应用形容词fortunate的比较级形式。
3.ambition 考查名词。句意:美国作家欧内斯特·海明威生于1899年,从少年时代早期起他的理想就是写作。根据空前的不定冠词an可知本空应用名词单数形式,此处表示“追求的目标,理想”,故填ambition。
4.Having set 考查现在分词的完成式。句意:在为自己设定了这个目标之后,他根据他的亲身经历写了长篇小说和短篇小说。句中已有谓语wrote且逗号前后没有连词连接,则设空处应用非谓语动词形式。本空在句中作状语,句子主语he和动词set之间为主动关系,应用现在分词形式,且set表示的动作在wrote表示的动作之前发生,故本空应用现在分词的完成式Having set。
5.won 考查时态。句意:他的小说《老人与海》于1953年获得普利策小说奖。设空处作谓语,根据时间状语in 1953可知,本空应用一般过去时。
6.originally 考查副词。句意:相比之下,阿瑟·柯南·道尔原先是一名医生。本空修饰谓语had worked,应用副词作状语,表示“原来,起初”,故填originally。
7.to 考查介词。句意:在夏洛克·福尔摩斯使道尔成名后,道尔便放弃了医学,全身心地致力于写作。devote oneself to意为“致力于,献身于”,故本空应用介词to。
8.published 考查过去分词。句意:……所以他在1893年出版的一部小说中除掉了这位著名的侦探。本句中so连接前后两个并列分句;so后的分句中已有谓语动词killed且该分句中没有连词,则设空处应用非谓语动词形式。由句意及句子结构可知本空修饰名词novel,novel和publish之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故本空应用过去分词作后置定语。
9.to bring 考查不定式。句意:然而,福尔摩斯的粉丝们如此愤怒以至于道尔被迫使福尔摩斯起死回生。be forced to do sth.意为“被迫做某事”,故本空应用不定式形式。
10.whatever 考查让步状语从句。句意:所以,不管你可能遇到什么困难,都要向这两位作家学习,为应对意外做好准备。根据语境和句子结构可知设空处引导让步状语从句,表示“无论什么”,根据空后的difficulties可知,本空应用whatever。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Tay在亲人去世后,决定尊重他们的遗志,通过食物把微笑带给人们。不会做菜就上网自学,Tay通过自学成功开办了餐馆,为人们提供美味的食物,并为社区的人提供了工作。Tay以这种美好的方式来纪念他的父亲和哥哥。
1.with 考查介词。句意:爸爸做饭的时候,Tay会洗碗并帮忙做其他工作。help with sth.为固定搭配,表示“帮忙做某事”。故填with。
2.smiles 考查名词的数。根据动词bringing和空后的介词to可知,设空处应用名词作宾语;smile作名词时表示“微笑”,为可数名词,空前没有限定词修饰,要用其复数形式。故填smiles。
3.giving 考查动名词。句意:Tay没有放弃,而是开始仔细观看网上的教程。根据介词短语Instead of可知,设空处要用动名词作宾语。故填giving。
4.carefully 考查副词。分析句子可知,设空处修饰动词watching,应用副词作状语。故填carefully。
5.themselves 考查反身代词。句意:他们亲自下厨,为很多人提供了美味的烧烤经典。分析句子可知,设空处作宾语,与主语They所指一致,应用反身代词。by oneself表示“独自,靠自己”。故填themselves。
6.has offered 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,这家餐厅已经为他们社区的六十多个人提供了工作,成千上万的人已经去过那里以品尝Tay的烹饪!分析句子可知,and连接两个并列分句,设空处为前一分句的谓语动词,结合时间状语“Up till now”可知,用现在完成时。前一分句的主语the restaurant是第三人称单数,与offer之间为主动关系,故填has offered。
7.to get 考查动词不定式。句意同上。根据and后的分句中的谓语动词have been可知,设空处应为非谓语动词。结合句意可知,设空处作目的状语,表示“去那里是为了品尝……”,应用动词不定式。故填to get。
8.exciting 考查形容词。句意:我从没想过会发生这样的事。你可以去梦想,但看到事情顺利进行才是令人激动的……。分析句子可知,设空处作表语;主语为不定式短语“to see things fall into place”,结合语境可知设空处表示该不定式短语的性质,表示“令人激动的”,应用形容词exciting作表语,故填exciting。
9.what 考查宾语从句。句意:……当你真正在做你喜欢做的事情时,这是有意义的……。分析句子可知,“ 9 you love to do”为设空处引导的宾语从句,作doing的宾语,设空处在从句中作do的宾语,表示“……的事情”,故填what。
10.a 考查冠词。句意:这是多么美好的纪念他父亲和哥哥的方式啊!分析句子可知,该句为感叹句,结构为“What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词短语”,根据该结构可知设空处应用不定冠词限定名词短语beautiful way,表示“一种美好的方式”;beautiful以辅音音素开头,故填a。
【高频词汇】 1.pass away去世 2.honor v.信守,尊重
3.fall into place (情况)豁然开朗;(计划或事件)按所希望的方式发生 4.unique adj.独特的;独一无二的
5.make sense 有意义
【熟词生义】 picture v.想象,设想
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了13岁的Ava Dorsey创立了一家销售有机猫狗零食的企业Ava宠物宫(Ava s Pet Palace)。她看好宠物零食行业的未来,同时也希望更多的青少年加入这个行业。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的关键信息“Ava s Pet Palace, a business that sells organic dog and cat treats”可知,Ava宠物宫是一家销售有机猫狗零食的公司,因此C项 “出售有机宠物食品”符合题意。故选C。
2.C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句中她对怎样定义成功的回答“When you hit a bump in the road, under no circumstances should you give up and you must keep trying.(当你在路上遇到颠簸时,你决不应该放弃,你要继续努力)”可知,C项“一种尽管面临障碍仍要继续努力的信念”符合语境。故选C。
学科思维
英语中一些具象的事物、事情有时可引申为抽象意义,比如本文第三段中的“hit a bump”。“hit a bump”本意为“撞到一处凸起的地方”,文中表面上是使用的其本意,但内含其引申义“遇到某个障碍/麻烦/问题等”。
3.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“As far as the future of...something I would love to see in the future”可知,就宠物零食行业的未来而言,Ava是乐观的,但现在没有太多的多样性,她希望自己成为变革的灵感来源。由此可知,Ava Dorsey看好宠物零食行业的未来,希望自己能给行业变化带来灵感与启示,期待更多的多样性。由此可推断,Ava的未来目标是希望在宠物零食行业开辟新领域。故选D。
4.B 推理判断题。根据Ava的主要事迹以及她对成功的定义可知,作为一名年轻的企业家,Ava面临很多挑战,尤其是她因年龄小不被人看好,但她始终不放弃并最终获得成功。由此可推断,她是“坚定的”。由文章内容可知,她6岁时便萌生了创业的想法,并努力实现理想和未来的目标,由此可知,Ava是“富有创造力的”。故选B。
类比启发
该类描述人物、事物的题往往考查“人物的品格、性格或事物的特点”,需要通过人物的主要事迹或事物的主要描述、他人的评价等推断解答。
【高频词汇】 1.founder n.创办者 2.set a goal 设立一个目标 3.undoubtedly adv.毋庸置疑地 4.pay off 取得成功,奏效;还清
【差距词汇】 organic adj.有机的
长难句
原句 Ava says the biggest challenge of being a kid in business is when people don t take her seriously and have second thoughts, but undoubtedly Ava has proved that her doubters are wrong!
分析 本句为并列复合句,but连接两个并列分句。在but前的分句中,“says”后是省略that的宾语从句,其中“when people...second thoughts”是when引导的表语从句。but后的分句中“that her doubters are wrong”是that引导的宾语从句。
译文 Ava说,作为一个孩子,她在生意上面临的最大的挑战就是人们不把她当回事并且犹豫不决,但是毫无疑问,Ava已经证明了那些怀疑她的人是错误的!
B
◎语篇解读 这是一篇议论文。文章阐述了作者成为一名教师的梦想和追求。
5.D 推理判断题。根据第一段第二、三句“For as long as I can remember I always had an affection for teaching people something. From my childhood, I taught others whatever I learned in school.(从我记事起,我就一直喜欢教别人一些东西。从童年开始,我就教别人我在学校学到的任何东西)”可知,作者提到自己从童年开始就喜欢教别人东西,这解释了他对教学的天生热情。故选D。
6.B 词义猜测题。根据上文“According to Plato, education is the turning of the inner eye towards the light.”可知,作者认为从事教育事业是积极的、有意义的。A.不可能的;B.令人赞叹的;C.难以形容的;D.想象中的。结合选项可知B项最符合语境,故选B。
7.B 推理判断题。根据第三段的关键信息“I aspire to make a difference in others lives through education...I believe that children can achieve so much more if they learn early of their potential...schooling was vital to success in life. Truly, that lesson has been the most important in my path to college.”可知,作者提到自己渴望通过教育改变别人的生活,自己的父母教育自己学习的重要性,这是自己走向大学的最重要的教训。由此推知,作者认为教育非常重要,这激发了他成为一名小学教师的愿望。故选B。
8.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知,从教兄弟姐妹做作业开始,我最终成了志愿者,教授贫困儿童,这让我意识到在这个世界上,教育者永远不会足够,而且总是有人需要学习。由此可知,作者通过参与志愿工作教授贫困儿童,深刻意识到在这个世界上教育对于所有人来说都是必要的,不应该被限制,即“教育应该对所有人都是可及的”。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.rhythm n.节奏;韵律 2.profession n.行业,职业 3.perform v.执行,做;运转;表演;表现
4.potential n.潜力;可能性adj.潜在的,可能的
5.prosper v.成功;发达;繁荣;兴旺 6.accessible adj.易得到的,可接近的,易懂的
【熟词生义】 fail v.使失望;有负于
【差距词汇】 1.alphabet n.字母表 2.instill v.逐渐灌输 3.nationalism n.民族主义 4.patriotism n.爱国主义
5.indescribable adj.难以形容的 6.utmost adj.最大的
7.aspire v.渴望(成就);有志(成为) 8.underprivileged adj.贫苦的;机遇少的;在社会中处于弱势的;底层的 9.foregoing adj.上述的
长难句
原句 The main reason why I always want to teach is that firstly I think teaching comes naturally to me and secondly, I always have the utmost respect for my teacher, who knows my strengths and weaknesses more than I do.
分析 本句为主从复合句。“why I always want to teach”是why引导的定语从句,修饰先行词The main reason。The main reason是主句的主语,is后是that引导的表语从句,其中,and连接两个并列分句。第一个分句中,“teaching comes naturally to me”是省略that的宾语从句;第二个分句中,“who knows...I do”是who引导的定语从句,修饰my teacher, 其中“more than I do”是比较状语从句。
译文 我一直想教书的主要原因是,首先,我认为教书对我来说是天生的,其次,我一直对我的老师充满敬意,他比我更了解我的优点和缺点。
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