2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册强化练习题--Unit 4 Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（含答案与解析）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册
Unit 4 Everyday economics
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Everybody can have different aims in different (阶段) of his or her life.
2.She stared at me with a b expression as if she hadn t known me at all.
3.Nowadays, power shortages are becoming a serious (阻碍) to economic growth.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.The twins resemble each other very much, but their characters are a world away each other.
2.The charities picked up the unwanted food so that they could distribute it people in need.
3. (2022新高考Ⅱ)The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.
4.Now a number of schools have psychological (consult) to help students who are under mental pressure.
5.The government is making efforts to avoid the unbalanced (distribute)of resources between rural and urban schools.
6.(2024广东广州期中)In recent years, an increasing number of new technologies (apply) to farming.
7.It was not until they finished this enormous and heavy construction job they returned home to have a rest.
8.(2024全国甲)That s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, they don t usually like.
Ⅲ.选词填空
start out; row upon row; as to; end up; be bitten by the bug
1. college graduates, 2. their own business may be a good choice. Zhang Lin is one of those who 3. . He opened a milk tea shop in his hometown after graduation. The milk tea he sells 4. being popular among consumers. If you go to his shop, you can see 5. of people waiting inside.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.只要坚持不懈地努力学习,每个学生都有潜力在考试中脱颖而出。
Each student in the exam as long as they study hard with persistence.
2.(2023全国乙写作) 我以前从不喜欢弹钢琴,但现在却迷上了它,并且每天都练习。(bite; bug)
I was never fond of playing the piano before, but now I and practice it every day.
3.随着网上交易的发展,现在许多人更愿意在购物网站上买东西。(一句多译)
①With the development of online trading, many people are more willing to through shopping websites now. (purchase n.)
②With the development of online trading, many people are more willing to things shopping websites now. (purchase v.)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
1 (surround) by roses as she was growing up, Zhang Yue paid them little attention. Only after graduating 2 university overseas and returning to visit her parents did she realise their potential.
Zhang therefore decided to return to her hometown and grow roses, 3 surprised many people. She is not the only young person that 4 (bite) by the start-up bug so far. All over the world, more and more enterprising young people are thinking of starting their own businesses, as the growing economy creates more opportunities. A few, like Zhang Yue, end up getting 5 (invest) and support from more experienced business people 6 (lucky).
As someone who grew up in the country, Zhang already knew about growing plants, but she still had a lot 7 (learn) as a beginner. She has overcome 8 number of obstacles to make her business the success it is today.
9 (see) her peers who also dream of success and independence, Zhang has mixed feelings. Although she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit, she suggests that people be 10 (real) and seek guidance from expert advisers before taking action.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024山东烟台期中)
Changyu, the largest and oldest wine manufacturer in China, 1 (locate) near Yantai Port in Shandong Province. It was established by Zhang Bishi, an extraordinary enterprising industrialist considered as one of the wealthiest self-made 2 (figure) of the time.
Zhang Bishi initially imported 2,000 vines (葡萄藤) from America, which were 3 (entire) unused to the new environment and died. Once more, 140,000 vines were imported from Europe with 30 percent of vines surviving. Three years later, wild grapes were then sourced from northeast China and grafted(嫁接) onto the European rootstocks. They successfully 4 (bear) fruits.
In 1905, Changyu completed 5 was then Asia s largest underground wine cellar (酒窖). In 1915, Changyu s wine won four grand prizes at the 1915 Panama Pacific International Exposition for its superior quality, 6 (gain) the first international recognition of Chinese wine.
Devoted to continuous trial and 7 (innovate), Changyu s founder managed to develop a greater variety of grapes—Cabernet Gernischt in 1931, which remains China s only internationally 8 (recognize) variety of grapes for wine production.
Later, using Cabernet Gernischt as the main material, Changyu produced a red wine with a totally different flavor. 9 (give) it a stylish name, then the Changyu general manager created a translation of Cabernet—Jie Bai Na, drawing on the Chinese proverb “All rivers run into the sea”. Since 1937, Changyu has been using “Cabernet” 10 a registered trademark.
Today Changyu, with its wine well received both at home and abroad, is moving ahead for a better future.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024辽宁锦州期末)
Planning a visit to the UK Here we help with ways to cut your expenses.
AVOID BIG EVENTS
Big sporting events, concerts and exhibitions can increase the input of accommodation and make it harder to find a room. A standard double room at the Thistle Brighton on the final Friday of the Brighton Comedy Festival (19 Oct.) cost ￡169.15 at . A week later, the same room cost ￡118.15.
If you can be flexible and want to know dates to avoid or if you re looking for a big event to pass your time—check out sites such as Whatsonwhen.com, which will allow you to search for events in the UK by city, date and category.
STAY AWAY FROM THE STATION
If traveling to your destination by train, you may want to find a good base close to the station, but you could end up paying more for the sake of convenience at the start of your holiday.
Don t be too choosy about the part of the town you stay in. If you book two months in advance, the cheapest room at the Travelodge London Central Euston hotel for Saturday, 22 September was ￡95.95. A room just a tube journey away at the Covent Garden hotel was ￡75.75. And at Farringdon, a double room cost just ￡62.95.
GET ON A BIKE
London s “Boris bikes” have attracted the most attention, but other cities also have similar programmes that let you rent a bicycle and explore at your own pace, saving you costs on public transport or car parking.
Among the smaller cities with their own programmes are Newcastle (casual members pay around ￡1.50 for two hours) and Cardiff (free for up to 30 minutes, or ￡5 per day).
1.The Brighton Comedy Festival is mentioned mainly to show big events may .
A.attract lots of travelers to the UK
B.allow travelers to make flexible plans
C.lead to long queues and delays to travelers
D.cause travelers to pay more for accommodation
2.What does the underlined word “Farringdon” in paragraph 5 refer to
A.The name of a travel agency. B.An ideal holiday destination.
C.A hotel far from the train station. D.The tube line to Covent Garden.
3.What is the main purpose of the passage
A.To show visitors how to rent bikes. B.To offer visitors some money-saving tips.
C.To supply visitors with hotel information. D.To tell visitors how to book hotels in advance.
B
(2024浙江卓越联盟期中)
Unlike most of her peers who left their rural hometowns, 34-year-old Ning Fenfang left her job in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in 2017 and worked as a village official in her hometown—a mountainous village in Cili County in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province. Now she farms over 66.7 hectares of land.
Seeing much of the farmland had been deserted, Ning resigned from her post in 2020 and became a full-time farmer, renting the farmland and hiring villagers to work it. She founded a centre to hire housewives in the village to work her farmland during busy hours.
“It s never easy,” said Ning. It is very rare for young people to become farmers in rural areas, as farming is labour-intensive and requires constant work in the mud. What s more, farming is conventionally seen as a job “unsuitable” for both the post-90s generation and women. Her decision to become a farmer confused many of her fellow villagers and farming was much more difficult than she had imagined. She experienced tremendous pain due to the intensive labour. At first, she didn t farm much through lack of farming knowledge, so she didn t feel pressured to succeed. Later, she decided to expand the scale and spent millions of yuan. “Most of the money is borrowed from banks, families and relatives, so there is no turning back,” she said. Weighing up the pros and cons, her husband ultimately gave up his enterprise to work with her.
She has tried to turn farming into a “trendy” job. Instead of traditional farming methods which rely on human labour, Ning promotes mechanized farming, such as using harvesters, cultivators and drones. She also plans to explore the agricultural tourism resources in Zhangjiajie for children living in urban areas to experience farming.
Being elected to the 14th National People s Congress has motivated Ning to feel more responsible for fellow farmers. “NPC deputies from the grassroots need to consider rural farmers needs and bring their voices to the two sessions,” Ning said.
4.What can be inferred from the passage
A.Ning facilitated the development of local agriculture.
B.Ning was once in the 14th National People s Congress.
C.Ning was pessimistic about her work and her future in Hangzhou.
D.The locals found her decision to become a farmer realistic at first.
5.What s paragraph 3 mainly about
A.Ning gradually expanded the scale of her business.
B.Ning lacked adequate knowledge about agriculture.
C.Ning did what it took to invest heavily in her business.
D.Ning faced more challenges in farming than she had figured.
6.What sets Ning s farming apart from traditional farming
A.The expansion of agricultural dimensions. B.The restriction of agricultural implements.
C.The employment of agricultural machinery. D.The exploration of agricultural tourism resources.
7.Which of the following can best describe Ning Fenfang
A.Frustrated but considerate. B.Humble and dynamic.
C.Persevering and innovative. D.Sensitive and aggressive.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 4 Everyday economics
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.phases 2.blank 3.obstacle
Ⅱ.1.from 考查介词。句意:这对双胞胎长得很像,但他们的性格却截然不同。a world away from...为固定搭配,意为“与……完全不同,与……有天壤之别”。
2.to/among 考查介词。句意:这些慈善机构把多余的食物收集起来,以便可以分发给需要的人。distribute...to/among...为固定搭配,意为“把……分发给……”。
3.under 考查介词。句意: 第二组在教练的指导下每周进行四天或四天以上的高强度的有氧运动。under the guidance of...为固定搭配,意为“在……的指导下”。
4.consultants 考查名词。句意:现在很多学校都有心理咨询师来帮助有心理压力的学生。根据空前的形容词psychological可知设空处应用名词作have的宾语,结合语境可知此处表示“咨询师,顾问”,应用名词consultant。consultant为可数名词,其前无冠词等限定词修饰,应用其复数形式。故填consultants。
5.distribution 考查名词。句意:政府正在努力避免城乡学校之间资源的分配不均。根据空前的定冠词the和形容词 unbalanced以及空后的介词of可知设空处应用名词,由句意可知此处表示“分配,分布”,故填distribution。
6.have been applied 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:近年来,越来越多的新技术已应用于农业。设空处为谓语,根据时间状语In recent years可知应用现在完成时;new technologies 与apply之间为被动关系,故用被动语态;主语为an increasing number of new technologies,为复数,谓语动词应用复数形式,故填have been applied。
易错归因
本题易误填has been applied,原因在于混淆了“an increasing number of+复数名词”与“the number of+复数名词”作主语时谓语动词的单复数情况。“an increasing number of+复数名词”作主语时,中心词为复数名词,所以谓语动词用复数,而“the number of+复数名词”作主语时,中心词为the number,所以谓语动词用单数。
7.that 考查强调句型。句意:他们直到完成了这项庞大且繁重的建筑任务才回到家休息。It was not until...that...为强调句型,是对“not until...”部分的强调。
8.which 考查定语从句。句意:那就是为什么大多数宠物猫能够立即判断出它们的主人是否曾在任何其他猫身边,而它们通常不喜欢主人这样做。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面提到的“它们的主人接触其他猫”这种情况,设空处在从句中作like的宾语,故填which。
Ⅲ.1.As to 2.starting out 3.are bitten by the bug
类比启发
除了be bitten by the bug外,表示“痴迷于……,着迷于……”的短语还有be obsessed with、be addicted to、 be crazy about等。
4.ends up 5.row upon row
Ⅳ.1.has the potential to stand out
2.am bitten by the bug
3.①make a purchase ②purchase; from
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.Surrounded 考查过去分词。句意:在成长的过程中,张悦被玫瑰包围着,但她很少关注玫瑰。分析句子结构可知,“Zhang Yue paid them little attention”为句子主干,“ 1 by roses...up”在句中作状语,句子已有谓语动词paid,则设空处应用非谓语动词形式。句子主语Zhang Yue与surround之间为逻辑上的被动关系,因此用过去分词短语作状语。 故填Surrounded。
2.from 考查介词。句意:直到从海外大学毕业回来看望父母后,她才意识到它们的潜力。graduate from毕业于。故填from。
3.which 考查定语从句。句意:因此,张悦决定回到她的家乡种植玫瑰,这让很多人感到惊讶。分析句子结构可知,“ 3 surprised many people”为设空处引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个主句,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,因此用which。
4.has been bitten 考查动词的时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,她并不是唯一热衷于创业的年轻人。“that 4 by the start-up bug so far”为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词young person,结合语境和时间状语so far可知定语从句应用现在完成时。定语从句的关系代词that代替先行词在从句中作主语,从句谓语的人称和数应与先行词保持一致,先行词为单数,且前边有the only修饰,则定语从句的谓语应用第三人称单数形式。由固定短语be bitten by the...bug(热衷于……,对……着迷)可知that与bite之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填has been bitten。
5.investment 考查名词。句意:少数人像张悦一样,最终幸运地得到了更有经验的商人的投资和支持。由空后的“and support”可知设空处与“support”为and连接的并列成分,作getting的宾语,则设空处应用名词;由语境可知此处表示“投资”,注意investment表示“投资”时为不可数名词。故填investment。
6.luckily 考查副词。句意同上。设空处作状语,应用副词。lucky的副词形式为luckily,表示“幸运地”。故填luckily。
7.to learn 考查动词不定式。句意:作为一个在农村长大的人,张悦已经知道如何种植植物,但作为一个初学者,她还有很多东西要学。have a lot to do意为“有许多要做的事”,其中to do作定语修饰a lot。故填to learn。
8.a 考查冠词。句意:她克服了许多障碍,使她的生意取得了今天的成功。a number of许多,若干。故填a。
9.Seeing 考查现在分词。句意:看到同龄人也梦想着成功和独立,张悦的心情很复杂。分析句子结构可知,空处应用非谓语动词形式,Zhang与see之间为逻辑上的主动关系,因此用现在分词表示主动,作状语。故填 Seeing。
10.realistic 考查形容词。句意:尽管她欢迎这种新的创业精神,但她建议人们要现实一点,在采取行动之前寻求专家顾问的指导。设空处作系动词be的表语,且根据语境可知设空处表示“现实的”,故用形容词realistic。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了张裕酒业的创办和发展。
1.is located 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:烟台张裕集团有限公司位于山东省烟台港附近,是中国规模最大、历史最悠久的葡萄酒生产商。“be located+介词短语”为固定搭配,意为“位于……”,本句在陈述事实,应用一般现在时,主语Changyu为第三人称单数,故填is located。
2.figures 考查名词复数。句意:它是由张弼士创立的,他是一位杰出的有创业精神的实业家,被认为是当时最富有的白手起家的人物之一。one of the后接名词复数。故填figures。
3.entirely 考查副词。句意:张弼士最初从美国进口了2,000株葡萄藤,这些葡萄藤因完全不习惯新环境而死亡。此处应用副词作状语修饰形容词unused,故填entirely。
4.bore 考查时态。句意:它们成功地结出了果实。这里陈述过去的事,应用一般过去时。故填bore。
5.what 考查宾语从句。句意:1905年,张裕建成了当时亚洲最大的地下酒窖。completed后缺少宾语,所以“ 5 was then Asia s largest underground wine cellar”为宾语从句,设空处为该宾语从句的引导词并且在从句中作主语,表示“……的事物”,故用what。
6.gaining 考查现在分词。句意:1915年,张裕的酒因其高品质在巴拿马太平洋万国博览会上获得四个大奖章,使中国葡萄酒第一次获得国际认可。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语won,且逗号后没有连词,所以设空处应用非谓语动词。根据语境可知逗号后的内容为前面内容自然而然的结果,提示词gain与主语Changyu s wine之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作结果状语。故填gaining。
7.innovation 考查名词。设空处与trial并列,应用名词innovation,意为“创新”,为不可数名词。
8.recognized 考查过去分词。recognize与variety of grapes为逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词作定语,表示“被认可的”。故填recognized。
易错归因
本题易误填形容词recognizable,该词意为“容易认出的,易于识别的”,与此处想要表达的意思不符。
9.To give 考查不定式。句意:为了给它起一个时髦的名字,后来张裕的总经理根据中国谚语“海纳百川”创造了一个Cabernet 的翻译——解百纳。根据语境可知这里应用动词不定式作目的状语,句首单词首字母大写,故填To give。
10.as 考查介词。句意:从1937年开始,张裕就一直以“解百纳”作为注册商标。use...as...意为“把……用作……”。故填as。
【高频词汇】 1.establish v.创立 2.initially adv.起初;最先 3.continuous adj.持续的;不断的
【熟词生义】 source v.(从……)获得
长难句
原句 Devoted to continuous trial and innovation, Changyu s founder managed to develop a greater variety of grapes—Cabernet Gernischt in 1931, which remains China s only internationally recognized variety of grapes for wine production.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。“Devoted to continuous trial and innovation”为过去分词短语作状语;which引导非限制性定语从句,对先行词Cabernet Gernischt进行补充说明。
译文 张裕的创始人致力于不断进行尝试和创新,于1931年成功培育了一种更好的葡萄品种——蛇龙珠,它一直是中国唯一得到国际认可的制葡萄酒的葡萄品种。
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读 这是一篇应用文。文章为打算去英国旅行的游客提供了一些省钱的建议。
1.D 细节理解题。根据AVOID BIG EVENTS部分的第一句“Big sporting events, concerts and exhibitions can increase the input of accommodation and make it harder to find a room.(大型体育赛事、音乐会和展览会增加住宿上的费用投入,让人更难找到房间。)”及后边给出布莱顿喜剧节的例子可知,提到布莱顿喜剧节主要是为了证明大型活动会导致游客支付更多的住宿费用。故选D。
2.C 词义猜测题。画线词所在段讲到,不要对你住的地方太挑剔。后边给出了几个酒店的例子:如果你提前两个月预订,9月22日(周六)Travelodge旗下伦敦中央尤斯顿酒店最便宜的房间是95.95英镑;柯文特花园酒店的一间客房仅需乘坐地铁即可到达,价格为75.75英镑;在Farringdon,一个双人间仅需62.95英镑。由此可推知,该段说明离火车站越远的酒店费用越低,所以Farringdon应是离火车站比前面提到的两家更远的酒店。故选C。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第一段“Planning a visit to the UK Here we help with ways to cut your expenses.(计划去英国旅游吗 我们在这里提供帮助您减少开支的方法)”可知,本文的主要目的是给游客一些省钱的建议。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.exhibition n.展览(会) 2.flexible adj.灵活的 3.for the sake of 为了……起见 4.in advance提前
长难句
原句 If you can be flexible and want to know dates to avoid or if you re looking for a big event to pass your time—check out sites such as Whatsonwhen.com, which will allow you to search for events in the UK by city, date and category.
分析 这是一个复合句。破折号前为or连接的两个并列的if引导的条件状语从句,其中to avoid为不定式作后置定语,修饰名词dates,to pass your time为不定式作目的状语。主句为祈使句“check out sites such as Whatsonwhen.com”, which引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为sites,which在从句中作主语。
译文 如果你能灵活一点,想知道能避开(这些活动)的日期,或者如果你正在寻找一个大型活动来打发时间,可以看看像Whatsonwhen.com这样的网站,在上面你可以按城市、日期和类别搜索英国的活动。
B
◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了宁芬芳从城市回到农村,成为一名农民的故事,她通过创新的方式改变了当地农业的传统模式,使当地农业变得更加现代化。
4.A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段提到的宁芬芳在2020年辞去职务,成为全职农民,租用农田,雇佣村民来耕种和第四段讲到的她提倡使用收割机、耕耘机和无人机等机械进行机械化耕作,并且计划开发张家界的农业旅游资源,让生活在城市的孩子们体验农业可推知,宁芬芳推动了当地农业的发展。故选A。
易错归因
本题易误选B项。根据文章最后一段可知,宁芬芳是第十四届全国人大代表,目前还在任期内,而B项中的“was once in”暗示目前已经不在了,与文中信息相悖。
5.D 主旨大意题。第三段讲到,在农村,年轻人成为农民是非常罕见的,因为农业是劳动密集型的,需要经常在泥泞的环境中工作;务农传统上被视为是“不适合”90后和女性的工作;务农比她想象的要困难得多,由于高强度的劳动,她经历了巨大的痛苦,并且有巨大的精神压力。由此可知,第三段主要讲了宁芬芳在农业上面临的挑战和困难。故选D。
6.C 细节理解题。第四段讲到,她试图把务农变成一种“时髦”的工作,她提倡机械化农业,而不提倡依赖人力的传统农业方法。由此可知,宁芬芳的农业与传统农业的不同之处在于她采用了农业机器。故选C。
7.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It s never easy”和“farming is labour-intensive and requires constant work in the mud”可知,农业劳动强度大,需要在泥地里不断工作,这件事并不容易。尽管如此,她也没有放弃,由此可以看出宁芬芳是坚韧不拔的(persevering)。再根据第四段中的“Instead of traditional farming methods which rely on human labour, Ning promotes mechanized farming, such as using harvesters, cultivators and drones.(宁芬芳提倡机械化农业,如使用收割机、耕耘机和无人机,而不是依赖人力的传统农业方法。)”可知,宁芬芳提倡机械化农业,是有创新精神的(innovative)。故选C。A.沮丧但体贴的;B.谦虚且精力充沛的;D.敏感好斗的。
【高频词汇】 1.resign v.辞职 2.weigh up the pros and cons权衡利弊 3.facilitate v.促进;促使
【熟词生义】 farm v.种田
【差距词汇】 tremendous adj.极大的;巨大的
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2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册
Unit 4 Everyday economics
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Everybody can have different aims in different (阶段) of his or her life.
2.She stared at me with a b expression as if she hadn t known me at all.
3.Nowadays, power shortages are becoming a serious (阻碍) to economic growth.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.The twins resemble each other very much, but their characters are a world away each other.
2.The charities picked up the unwanted food so that they could distribute it people in need.
3. (2022新高考Ⅱ)The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.
4.Now a number of schools have psychological (consult) to help students who are under mental pressure.
5.The government is making efforts to avoid the unbalanced (distribute)of resources between rural and urban schools.
6.(2024广东广州期中)In recent years, an increasing number of new technologies (apply) to farming.
7.It was not until they finished this enormous and heavy construction job they returned home to have a rest.
8.(2024全国甲)That s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, they don t usually like.
Ⅲ.选词填空
start out; row upon row; as to; end up; be bitten by the bug
1. college graduates, 2. their own business may be a good choice. Zhang Lin is one of those who 3. . He opened a milk tea shop in his hometown after graduation. The milk tea he sells 4. being popular among consumers. If you go to his shop, you can see 5. of people waiting inside.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.只要坚持不懈地努力学习,每个学生都有潜力在考试中脱颖而出。
Each student in the exam as long as they study hard with persistence.
2.(2023全国乙写作) 我以前从不喜欢弹钢琴,但现在却迷上了它,并且每天都练习。(bite; bug)
I was never fond of playing the piano before, but now I and practice it every day.
3.随着网上交易的发展,现在许多人更愿意在购物网站上买东西。(一句多译)
①With the development of online trading, many people are more willing to through shopping websites now. (purchase n.)
②With the development of online trading, many people are more willing to things shopping websites now. (purchase v.)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
1 (surround) by roses as she was growing up, Zhang Yue paid them little attention. Only after graduating 2 university overseas and returning to visit her parents did she realise their potential.
Zhang therefore decided to return to her hometown and grow roses, 3 surprised many people. She is not the only young person that 4 (bite) by the start-up bug so far. All over the world, more and more enterprising young people are thinking of starting their own businesses, as the growing economy creates more opportunities. A few, like Zhang Yue, end up getting 5 (invest) and support from more experienced business people 6 (lucky).
As someone who grew up in the country, Zhang already knew about growing plants, but she still had a lot 7 (learn) as a beginner. She has overcome 8 number of obstacles to make her business the success it is today.
9 (see) her peers who also dream of success and independence, Zhang has mixed feelings. Although she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit, she suggests that people be 10 (real) and seek guidance from expert advisers before taking action.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024山东烟台期中)
Changyu, the largest and oldest wine manufacturer in China, 1 (locate) near Yantai Port in Shandong Province. It was established by Zhang Bishi, an extraordinary enterprising industrialist considered as one of the wealthiest self-made 2 (figure) of the time.
Zhang Bishi initially imported 2,000 vines (葡萄藤) from America, which were 3 (entire) unused to the new environment and died. Once more, 140,000 vines were imported from Europe with 30 percent of vines surviving. Three years later, wild grapes were then sourced from northeast China and grafted(嫁接) onto the European rootstocks. They successfully 4 (bear) fruits.
In 1905, Changyu completed 5 was then Asia s largest underground wine cellar (酒窖). In 1915, Changyu s wine won four grand prizes at the 1915 Panama Pacific International Exposition for its superior quality, 6 (gain) the first international recognition of Chinese wine.
Devoted to continuous trial and 7 (innovate), Changyu s founder managed to develop a greater variety of grapes—Cabernet Gernischt in 1931, which remains China s only internationally 8 (recognize) variety of grapes for wine production.
Later, using Cabernet Gernischt as the main material, Changyu produced a red wine with a totally different flavor. 9 (give) it a stylish name, then the Changyu general manager created a translation of Cabernet—Jie Bai Na, drawing on the Chinese proverb “All rivers run into the sea”. Since 1937, Changyu has been using “Cabernet” 10 a registered trademark.
Today Changyu, with its wine well received both at home and abroad, is moving ahead for a better future.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024辽宁锦州期末)
Planning a visit to the UK Here we help with ways to cut your expenses.
AVOID BIG EVENTS
Big sporting events, concerts and exhibitions can increase the input of accommodation and make it harder to find a room. A standard double room at the Thistle Brighton on the final Friday of the Brighton Comedy Festival (19 Oct.) cost ￡169.15 at . A week later, the same room cost ￡118.15.
If you can be flexible and want to know dates to avoid or if you re looking for a big event to pass your time—check out sites such as Whatsonwhen.com, which will allow you to search for events in the UK by city, date and category.
STAY AWAY FROM THE STATION
If traveling to your destination by train, you may want to find a good base close to the station, but you could end up paying more for the sake of convenience at the start of your holiday.
Don t be too choosy about the part of the town you stay in. If you book two months in advance, the cheapest room at the Travelodge London Central Euston hotel for Saturday, 22 September was ￡95.95. A room just a tube journey away at the Covent Garden hotel was ￡75.75. And at Farringdon, a double room cost just ￡62.95.
GET ON A BIKE
London s “Boris bikes” have attracted the most attention, but other cities also have similar programmes that let you rent a bicycle and explore at your own pace, saving you costs on public transport or car parking.
Among the smaller cities with their own programmes are Newcastle (casual members pay around ￡1.50 for two hours) and Cardiff (free for up to 30 minutes, or ￡5 per day).
1.The Brighton Comedy Festival is mentioned mainly to show big events may .
A.attract lots of travelers to the UK
B.allow travelers to make flexible plans
C.lead to long queues and delays to travelers
D.cause travelers to pay more for accommodation
2.What does the underlined word “Farringdon” in paragraph 5 refer to
A.The name of a travel agency. B.An ideal holiday destination.
C.A hotel far from the train station. D.The tube line to Covent Garden.
3.What is the main purpose of the passage
A.To show visitors how to rent bikes. B.To offer visitors some money-saving tips.
C.To supply visitors with hotel information. D.To tell visitors how to book hotels in advance.
B
(2024浙江卓越联盟期中)
Unlike most of her peers who left their rural hometowns, 34-year-old Ning Fenfang left her job in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in 2017 and worked as a village official in her hometown—a mountainous village in Cili County in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province. Now she farms over 66.7 hectares of land.
Seeing much of the farmland had been deserted, Ning resigned from her post in 2020 and became a full-time farmer, renting the farmland and hiring villagers to work it. She founded a centre to hire housewives in the village to work her farmland during busy hours.
“It s never easy,” said Ning. It is very rare for young people to become farmers in rural areas, as farming is labour-intensive and requires constant work in the mud. What s more, farming is conventionally seen as a job “unsuitable” for both the post-90s generation and women. Her decision to become a farmer confused many of her fellow villagers and farming was much more difficult than she had imagined. She experienced tremendous pain due to the intensive labour. At first, she didn t farm much through lack of farming knowledge, so she didn t feel pressured to succeed. Later, she decided to expand the scale and spent millions of yuan. “Most of the money is borrowed from banks, families and relatives, so there is no turning back,” she said. Weighing up the pros and cons, her husband ultimately gave up his enterprise to work with her.
She has tried to turn farming into a “trendy” job. Instead of traditional farming methods which rely on human labour, Ning promotes mechanized farming, such as using harvesters, cultivators and drones. She also plans to explore the agricultural tourism resources in Zhangjiajie for children living in urban areas to experience farming.
Being elected to the 14th National People s Congress has motivated Ning to feel more responsible for fellow farmers. “NPC deputies from the grassroots need to consider rural farmers needs and bring their voices to the two sessions,” Ning said.
4.What can be inferred from the passage
A.Ning facilitated the development of local agriculture.
B.Ning was once in the 14th National People s Congress.
C.Ning was pessimistic about her work and her future in Hangzhou.
D.The locals found her decision to become a farmer realistic at first.
5.What s paragraph 3 mainly about
A.Ning gradually expanded the scale of her business.
B.Ning lacked adequate knowledge about agriculture.
C.Ning did what it took to invest heavily in her business.
D.Ning faced more challenges in farming than she had figured.
6.What sets Ning s farming apart from traditional farming
A.The expansion of agricultural dimensions. B.The restriction of agricultural implements.
C.The employment of agricultural machinery. D.The exploration of agricultural tourism resources.
7.Which of the following can best describe Ning Fenfang
A.Frustrated but considerate. B.Humble and dynamic.
C.Persevering and innovative. D.Sensitive and aggressive.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 4 Everyday economics
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.phases 2.blank 3.obstacle
Ⅱ.1.from 考查介词。句意:这对双胞胎长得很像,但他们的性格却截然不同。a world away from...为固定搭配,意为“与……完全不同,与……有天壤之别”。
2.to/among 考查介词。句意:这些慈善机构把多余的食物收集起来,以便可以分发给需要的人。distribute...to/among...为固定搭配,意为“把……分发给……”。
3.under 考查介词。句意: 第二组在教练的指导下每周进行四天或四天以上的高强度的有氧运动。under the guidance of...为固定搭配,意为“在……的指导下”。
4.consultants 考查名词。句意:现在很多学校都有心理咨询师来帮助有心理压力的学生。根据空前的形容词psychological可知设空处应用名词作have的宾语,结合语境可知此处表示“咨询师,顾问”,应用名词consultant。consultant为可数名词,其前无冠词等限定词修饰,应用其复数形式。故填consultants。
5.distribution 考查名词。句意:政府正在努力避免城乡学校之间资源的分配不均。根据空前的定冠词the和形容词 unbalanced以及空后的介词of可知设空处应用名词,由句意可知此处表示“分配,分布”,故填distribution。
6.have been applied 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:近年来,越来越多的新技术已应用于农业。设空处为谓语,根据时间状语In recent years可知应用现在完成时;new technologies 与apply之间为被动关系,故用被动语态;主语为an increasing number of new technologies,为复数,谓语动词应用复数形式,故填have been applied。
易错归因
本题易误填has been applied,原因在于混淆了“an increasing number of+复数名词”与“the number of+复数名词”作主语时谓语动词的单复数情况。“an increasing number of+复数名词”作主语时,中心词为复数名词,所以谓语动词用复数,而“the number of+复数名词”作主语时,中心词为the number,所以谓语动词用单数。
7.that 考查强调句型。句意:他们直到完成了这项庞大且繁重的建筑任务才回到家休息。It was not until...that...为强调句型,是对“not until...”部分的强调。
8.which 考查定语从句。句意:那就是为什么大多数宠物猫能够立即判断出它们的主人是否曾在任何其他猫身边,而它们通常不喜欢主人这样做。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面提到的“它们的主人接触其他猫”这种情况,设空处在从句中作like的宾语,故填which。
Ⅲ.1.As to 2.starting out 3.are bitten by the bug
类比启发
除了be bitten by the bug外,表示“痴迷于……,着迷于……”的短语还有be obsessed with、be addicted to、 be crazy about等。
4.ends up 5.row upon row
Ⅳ.1.has the potential to stand out
2.am bitten by the bug
3.①make a purchase ②purchase; from
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.Surrounded 考查过去分词。句意:在成长的过程中,张悦被玫瑰包围着,但她很少关注玫瑰。分析句子结构可知,“Zhang Yue paid them little attention”为句子主干,“ 1 by roses...up”在句中作状语,句子已有谓语动词paid,则设空处应用非谓语动词形式。句子主语Zhang Yue与surround之间为逻辑上的被动关系,因此用过去分词短语作状语。 故填Surrounded。
2.from 考查介词。句意:直到从海外大学毕业回来看望父母后,她才意识到它们的潜力。graduate from毕业于。故填from。
3.which 考查定语从句。句意:因此,张悦决定回到她的家乡种植玫瑰,这让很多人感到惊讶。分析句子结构可知,“ 3 surprised many people”为设空处引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个主句,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,因此用which。
4.has been bitten 考查动词的时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,她并不是唯一热衷于创业的年轻人。“that 4 by the start-up bug so far”为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词young person,结合语境和时间状语so far可知定语从句应用现在完成时。定语从句的关系代词that代替先行词在从句中作主语,从句谓语的人称和数应与先行词保持一致,先行词为单数,且前边有the only修饰,则定语从句的谓语应用第三人称单数形式。由固定短语be bitten by the...bug(热衷于……,对……着迷)可知that与bite之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填has been bitten。
5.investment 考查名词。句意:少数人像张悦一样,最终幸运地得到了更有经验的商人的投资和支持。由空后的“and support”可知设空处与“support”为and连接的并列成分,作getting的宾语,则设空处应用名词;由语境可知此处表示“投资”,注意investment表示“投资”时为不可数名词。故填investment。
6.luckily 考查副词。句意同上。设空处作状语,应用副词。lucky的副词形式为luckily,表示“幸运地”。故填luckily。
7.to learn 考查动词不定式。句意:作为一个在农村长大的人,张悦已经知道如何种植植物,但作为一个初学者,她还有很多东西要学。have a lot to do意为“有许多要做的事”,其中to do作定语修饰a lot。故填to learn。
8.a 考查冠词。句意:她克服了许多障碍,使她的生意取得了今天的成功。a number of许多,若干。故填a。
9.Seeing 考查现在分词。句意:看到同龄人也梦想着成功和独立,张悦的心情很复杂。分析句子结构可知,空处应用非谓语动词形式,Zhang与see之间为逻辑上的主动关系,因此用现在分词表示主动,作状语。故填 Seeing。
10.realistic 考查形容词。句意:尽管她欢迎这种新的创业精神,但她建议人们要现实一点,在采取行动之前寻求专家顾问的指导。设空处作系动词be的表语,且根据语境可知设空处表示“现实的”,故用形容词realistic。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了张裕酒业的创办和发展。
1.is located 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:烟台张裕集团有限公司位于山东省烟台港附近,是中国规模最大、历史最悠久的葡萄酒生产商。“be located+介词短语”为固定搭配,意为“位于……”,本句在陈述事实,应用一般现在时,主语Changyu为第三人称单数,故填is located。
2.figures 考查名词复数。句意:它是由张弼士创立的,他是一位杰出的有创业精神的实业家,被认为是当时最富有的白手起家的人物之一。one of the后接名词复数。故填figures。
3.entirely 考查副词。句意:张弼士最初从美国进口了2,000株葡萄藤,这些葡萄藤因完全不习惯新环境而死亡。此处应用副词作状语修饰形容词unused,故填entirely。
4.bore 考查时态。句意:它们成功地结出了果实。这里陈述过去的事,应用一般过去时。故填bore。
5.what 考查宾语从句。句意:1905年,张裕建成了当时亚洲最大的地下酒窖。completed后缺少宾语,所以“ 5 was then Asia s largest underground wine cellar”为宾语从句,设空处为该宾语从句的引导词并且在从句中作主语,表示“……的事物”,故用what。
6.gaining 考查现在分词。句意:1915年,张裕的酒因其高品质在巴拿马太平洋万国博览会上获得四个大奖章,使中国葡萄酒第一次获得国际认可。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语won,且逗号后没有连词,所以设空处应用非谓语动词。根据语境可知逗号后的内容为前面内容自然而然的结果,提示词gain与主语Changyu s wine之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作结果状语。故填gaining。
7.innovation 考查名词。设空处与trial并列,应用名词innovation,意为“创新”,为不可数名词。
8.recognized 考查过去分词。recognize与variety of grapes为逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词作定语,表示“被认可的”。故填recognized。
易错归因
本题易误填形容词recognizable,该词意为“容易认出的,易于识别的”,与此处想要表达的意思不符。
9.To give 考查不定式。句意:为了给它起一个时髦的名字,后来张裕的总经理根据中国谚语“海纳百川”创造了一个Cabernet 的翻译——解百纳。根据语境可知这里应用动词不定式作目的状语,句首单词首字母大写,故填To give。
10.as 考查介词。句意:从1937年开始,张裕就一直以“解百纳”作为注册商标。use...as...意为“把……用作……”。故填as。
【高频词汇】 1.establish v.创立 2.initially adv.起初;最先 3.continuous adj.持续的;不断的
【熟词生义】 source v.(从……)获得
长难句
原句 Devoted to continuous trial and innovation, Changyu s founder managed to develop a greater variety of grapes—Cabernet Gernischt in 1931, which remains China s only internationally recognized variety of grapes for wine production.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。“Devoted to continuous trial and innovation”为过去分词短语作状语;which引导非限制性定语从句,对先行词Cabernet Gernischt进行补充说明。
译文 张裕的创始人致力于不断进行尝试和创新,于1931年成功培育了一种更好的葡萄品种——蛇龙珠,它一直是中国唯一得到国际认可的制葡萄酒的葡萄品种。
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读 这是一篇应用文。文章为打算去英国旅行的游客提供了一些省钱的建议。
1.D 细节理解题。根据AVOID BIG EVENTS部分的第一句“Big sporting events, concerts and exhibitions can increase the input of accommodation and make it harder to find a room.(大型体育赛事、音乐会和展览会增加住宿上的费用投入,让人更难找到房间。)”及后边给出布莱顿喜剧节的例子可知,提到布莱顿喜剧节主要是为了证明大型活动会导致游客支付更多的住宿费用。故选D。
2.C 词义猜测题。画线词所在段讲到,不要对你住的地方太挑剔。后边给出了几个酒店的例子:如果你提前两个月预订,9月22日(周六)Travelodge旗下伦敦中央尤斯顿酒店最便宜的房间是95.95英镑;柯文特花园酒店的一间客房仅需乘坐地铁即可到达,价格为75.75英镑;在Farringdon,一个双人间仅需62.95英镑。由此可推知,该段说明离火车站越远的酒店费用越低,所以Farringdon应是离火车站比前面提到的两家更远的酒店。故选C。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第一段“Planning a visit to the UK Here we help with ways to cut your expenses.(计划去英国旅游吗 我们在这里提供帮助您减少开支的方法)”可知,本文的主要目的是给游客一些省钱的建议。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.exhibition n.展览(会) 2.flexible adj.灵活的 3.for the sake of 为了……起见 4.in advance提前
长难句
原句 If you can be flexible and want to know dates to avoid or if you re looking for a big event to pass your time—check out sites such as Whatsonwhen.com, which will allow you to search for events in the UK by city, date and category.
分析 这是一个复合句。破折号前为or连接的两个并列的if引导的条件状语从句,其中to avoid为不定式作后置定语,修饰名词dates,to pass your time为不定式作目的状语。主句为祈使句“check out sites such as Whatsonwhen.com”, which引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为sites,which在从句中作主语。
译文 如果你能灵活一点,想知道能避开(这些活动)的日期,或者如果你正在寻找一个大型活动来打发时间,可以看看像Whatsonwhen.com这样的网站,在上面你可以按城市、日期和类别搜索英国的活动。
B
◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了宁芬芳从城市回到农村,成为一名农民的故事,她通过创新的方式改变了当地农业的传统模式,使当地农业变得更加现代化。
4.A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段提到的宁芬芳在2020年辞去职务,成为全职农民,租用农田,雇佣村民来耕种和第四段讲到的她提倡使用收割机、耕耘机和无人机等机械进行机械化耕作,并且计划开发张家界的农业旅游资源,让生活在城市的孩子们体验农业可推知,宁芬芳推动了当地农业的发展。故选A。
易错归因
本题易误选B项。根据文章最后一段可知,宁芬芳是第十四届全国人大代表,目前还在任期内,而B项中的“was once in”暗示目前已经不在了,与文中信息相悖。
5.D 主旨大意题。第三段讲到,在农村,年轻人成为农民是非常罕见的,因为农业是劳动密集型的,需要经常在泥泞的环境中工作;务农传统上被视为是“不适合”90后和女性的工作;务农比她想象的要困难得多,由于高强度的劳动,她经历了巨大的痛苦,并且有巨大的精神压力。由此可知,第三段主要讲了宁芬芳在农业上面临的挑战和困难。故选D。
6.C 细节理解题。第四段讲到,她试图把务农变成一种“时髦”的工作,她提倡机械化农业,而不提倡依赖人力的传统农业方法。由此可知,宁芬芳的农业与传统农业的不同之处在于她采用了农业机器。故选C。
7.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It s never easy”和“farming is labour-intensive and requires constant work in the mud”可知,农业劳动强度大,需要在泥地里不断工作,这件事并不容易。尽管如此,她也没有放弃,由此可以看出宁芬芳是坚韧不拔的(persevering)。再根据第四段中的“Instead of traditional farming methods which rely on human labour, Ning promotes mechanized farming, such as using harvesters, cultivators and drones.(宁芬芳提倡机械化农业,如使用收割机、耕耘机和无人机,而不是依赖人力的传统农业方法。)”可知,宁芬芳提倡机械化农业,是有创新精神的(innovative)。故选C。A.沮丧但体贴的;B.谦虚且精力充沛的;D.敏感好斗的。
【高频词汇】 1.resign v.辞职 2.weigh up the pros and cons权衡利弊 3.facilitate v.促进;促使
【熟词生义】 farm v.种田
【差距词汇】 tremendous adj.极大的;巨大的
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