2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册强化练习题--Unit 4 Part 2 Using language（含答案与解析）
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| 名称 | 2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册强化练习题--Unit 4 Part 2 Using language（含答案与解析） |  | |
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册
Part 2 Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The statues created by Henry are superior in numerous aspects those of his brother s.
2.(2024河南濮阳期末)All entries submitted to us are (automatic) considered for the contest.
3.The country has been making remarkable progress through a series of (finance) reform and development since the 1990s.
4.As an outstanding manager, she never allows her personal feelings to interfere her work, which is why she can achieve success.
5.(2024黑龙江双鸭山一中月考)Navarro grew up in Mexico. At the time, his family struggled to make (end) meet.
6.He regretfully told his employees that the company had got debt by the end of last year.
7.With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, the era of (convention) cars may come to an end in the near future.
8.(2024江苏盐城期中)We are not our possessions, but we are the (accumulate)of everything we ve seen, the things we ve done, and the places we ve been to.
Ⅱ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
1.(2022浙江1月)The downturn hit the real estate(房地产) firm she had worked for ten years as an office manager.
2.(2021新高考Ⅰ改编)It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives(视角) from people can study how to manage their lives.
3.(2023北京)Rankings, however, are only one reason a low value is placed on teaching in higher education.
4.(2020江苏)I was in the middle of the Amazon(亚马孙) with my wife, was there as a medical researcher.
5.We shall have to make a decision about the thing related to Ms. King, story I ve just told you.
6.This is the most delicious food I have ever had.
7. is known to all, Professor Li is extremely qualified for his job.
8.He is the only one of the students in the history department that (have) a good command of French.
题型(二)
用定语从句完成下列句子
1.他们住在一栋高楼里,在楼的前面矗立着一棵大树。(介词短语+which)
They live in a tall building, .
2.你还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗 (一句多译)
①Do you remember the day
②Do you remember the day
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024山东枣庄三中期中)
Have you ever felt the urge to input critical financial information on a not-so-familiar business website Would you dare to entrust your credit card details or passwords to potentially unsafe trading platforms
Researchers from the University of Vienna have tackled this dilemma by designing an unconditionally secure system for conducting trade in such situations. This solution is “quantum (量子)-digital payment” which combines cryptographic (加密的) methods with the properties of quantum light.
In today s payment ecosystem, customers sensitive data is replaced by sets of random numbers, and the uniqueness of each trade is secured by a classical cryptographic method. However, companies with powerful computational resources can break these codes and recover customers private data, and for example, make payment in their name.
A research team led by Professor Philip Walther from the University of Vienna has shown how the quantum properties of light can ensure security of digital payment. In an experiment, the researchers demonstrated that each trade cannot be copied. They replaced classical cryptographic techniques with a quantum protocol (协议) using single photons, a unit of energy. During the course of a classical digital payment trade, the client shares a classical code called “cryptogram” with his payment provider. This cryptogram is then passed on between the purchaser, businessmen, and payment provider. In the demonstrated quantum protocol, this cryptogram is generated by having the payment provider sending particularly prepared single photons to the client.
The researchers successfully conducted quantum-digital payment, connecting two university buildings in downtown Vienna. Digital payment currently operates within a few seconds. “At present, our protocol takes a few minutes of quantum communication to complete a trade. This is to guarantee security in the presence of noise and losses,” says Philip Walther. “However, these time limitations are only of technological nature. We will witness that quantum-digital payment reaches practical performance in the very near future.”
1.What do the underlined words “this dilemma” in paragraph 2 refer to
A.Need for financial services. B.The urge to get rid of credit cards.
C.Fear of digital payment safety. D.Concern about false information.
2.What is a disadvantage of the present payment system
A.The convenience of payment can t be enjoyed.
B.The uniqueness of trade can t be ensured.
C.Customers private data may be leaked.
D.Customer payment choices are limited.
3.What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A.How quantum-digital payment works. B.How digital payment proves safer.
C.Why single photons are necessary. D.What is important to online trade.
4.What is Philip s attitude towards quantum-digital payment
A.Confident. B.Doubtful. C.Unclear. D.Conservative.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024广东六校联考)
The Malaysian night market is based on a concept of open-air shopping where street vendors(小贩) occupy a designated street to set up stalls(货摊). The night market is the place where you can hang around the stalls, enjoy the smell of local foods and pick up some items.
Each night market comprises a different combination of stalls. 1 There is always something new and exciting to look forward to at each visit.
The night markets are typically from 5 p.m. to 10:30 p.m. You can purchase anything from night markets, such as superior local food, household items, fresh produce, and even clothes in the latest styles. By around 6 p.m., the market is in full swing as the first groups of people sweep in. For those who cook, there are row upon row of stalls selling fresh seafood, meat products, and a limitless variety of vegetables. 2 It is no secret that all night markets share a treasure—tasty street cuisine. 3 The ever-popular soybean drink and the juice of sugar cane are a permanent feature here.
4 It is thereby not a place for the faint-hearted or the gentle. To many, it is a fun and thrilling place to explore. You can even be addicted to discoveries of the antique kind which can be found in some night markets.
Some places are 24-hour markets, which are livelier at night when traders set up numerous stalls selling unusual local food, exotic tropical(热带的) fruits, cheap clothes, second-hand goods as well as fresh produce. Visiting a night market here is truly an exciting experience and a feast for people on a tropical night out. The atmosphere is almost festive. 5
A.Your curiosity will be satisfied here.
B.There are so many things to see, buy and eat.
C.People would complain about the noises here.
D.Noisy crowds are the hallmark of the night market.
E.It would be a regret not to try the mouth-watering local dishes.
F.New items are constantly being added on in line with current trends and market demand.
G.Dried and preserved items such as dried beef and salted eggs are easily available here too.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2024辽宁沈阳郊联体联考)
Last year, my friend, Kydee Williams, and I started a non-profit project because we wanted to do charity work differently. Thereby, The Pop-Up Care Shop (TPUCS) was 1 .
TPUCS is a traveling shop of 2 donated goods for people in need. During the holidays, we 3 clothing drives and then went to women s shelters. Our main goal was to help inspire women who were 4 with hope as well as bring a little holiday cheer to our local communities. 5 any project or movement wasn t easy. Brainstorming and coming up with cool ideas were the 6 part, but actually bringing those ideas to life could seem almost 7 at times. However, there were lessons about 8 that we didn t fully realize until we started this journey.
From our experience, we learned smaller shelters, especially those in less-commercialized areas were often 9 when it came to getting community support. Actually, they were typically more 10 to new and creative ideas and would greatly welcome 11 who offered help. Under our inspiration, many 12 people devoted themselves to non-profit work. Many shelters are understaffed and the staff overworked. Working directly with them helped us 13 the specific needs of the shelter.
While material things like food, clothes, and shelter can help people survive, what 14 helps people live is the intangible (无形的) necessities like love, company, and patience. Even though we can t help every single person in the world, we can 15 a world of difference for at least one person.
1.A.found B.donated
C.born D.purchased
2.A.cheap B.free
C.conventional D.messy
3.A.quit B.chose
C.forbade D.held
4.A.homeless B.fearless
C.guiltless D.restless
5.A.Ceasing B.Highlighting
C.Starting D.Monitoring
6.A.hard B.fun
C.odd D.core
7.A.crucial B.unnecessary
C.impossible D.logical
8.A.breaking down B.giving back
C.keeping up D.pulling through
9.A.ignored B.emphasized
C.mentioned D.accumulated
10.A.superior B.relevant
C.opposed D.open
11.A.shoppers B.pioneers
C.officers D.volunteers
12.A.reliable B.selfless
C.creative D.courageous
13.A.understand B.satisfy
C.anticipate D.illustrate
14.A.originally B.slightly
C.truly D.automatically
15.A.identify B.detect
C.reveal D.make
答案与分层梯度式解析
Part 2 Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.to 考查介词。句意:亨利创作的雕塑作品在许多方面比他哥哥(创作)的那些要好。be superior to优于,比……更好。
2.automatically 考查副词。句意:所有提交给我们的参赛作品都会自动被视为要参加比赛。设空处修饰谓语动词are considered,应用副词作状语。
3.financial 考查形容词。句意:自20世纪90年代以来,该国通过一系列金融改革和发展取得了显著的进步。根据句意可知,设空处修饰名词短语reform and development,应用形容词作定语,表示“金融的”,故填financial。
4.with 考查介词。句意:作为一名优秀的经理,她从不让个人感情影响工作。这就是她能取得成功的原因。interfere with妨碍,干扰。
5.ends 考查固定搭配。句意:纳瓦罗在墨西哥长大,当时,他们一家勉力维持生计。 make ends meet为固定搭配,意为“使收支仅能相抵”,故填ends。
6.into 考查介词。句意:他遗憾地告诉他的雇员们, 公司到去年年底就已经负债了。get into debt表示“负债”,故填into。
7.conventional 考查形容词。句意:随着新能源汽车的快速发展,传统汽车的时代可能会在不久的将来结束。根据句意可知,设空处修饰名词cars,应用形容词作定语,表示“传统的”,故填conventional。
8.accumulation 考查名词。句意:我们不是我们的财产,但我们是我们所看到的一切、我们所做的事情和我们去过的地方的积累。设空处构成the...of...结构,设空处为中心词,故用名词形式accumulation,表示“积累”,为不可数名词。
Ⅱ.题型(一)
1.where 考查关系副词。句意:经济衰退打击了她作为业务经理工作了10年的房地产公司。设空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为the real estate firm,从句缺少地点状语,故应用关系副词where。
2.which 考查关系代词。句意:我们希望,在未来的几十年里,科学的进步将为人们研究如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角。“from...their lives”为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,先行词为new perspectives,故应用关系代词which。
3.why 考查关系副词。句意:然而,排名只是人们不看重高等教育教学质量的原因之一。设空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为reason,从句缺少原因状语,故应用关系副词why。
4.who 考查关系代词。句意:我和我的妻子在亚马孙中部,她是那里的一名医学研究员。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为my wife,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who。
5.whose 考查关系代词。句意:我们必须就关于金女士的那件事做出决定,我刚刚给你们讲了金女士的故事。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Ms. King,设空处在从句中作定语,指Ms. King s,故应用关系代词whose。
6.that 考查关系代词。句意:这是我吃过的最美味的食物。设空处引导的定语从句修饰先行词food,关系词在定语从句中作had的宾语,指物,应用that或which引导定语从句。当先行词被最高级修饰时,关系代词宜用that,不宜用which;本句中先行词food前有the most delicious修饰,故填that。
7.As 考查关系代词。句意:众所周知,李教授完全能够胜任他的工作。as is known to all意为“众所周知”,为固定搭配,as引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句内容,在从句中作主语。句首单词首字母大写,故填As。
8.has 考查定语从句中的主谓一致。句意:他是历史系的学生中唯一精通法语的人。“that a good command of French”为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the only one of the students,关系词that代替先行词在从句中作主语,从句谓语的人称和数应与先行词一致,因此从句谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has。
易错归因
本题易误填have。先行词为“the only one of the+名词复数”时,其中心词为the only one,从句中的谓语动词用单数形式;先行词为“one of the+名词复数”时,其中心词为名词复数,从句中的谓语动词用复数形式。
题型(二)
1.in front of which stands a big tree 2.①on which you joined our club ②when you joined our club
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种解决平台交易安全问题的方案——“量子数字支付”。
1.C 词义猜测题。第一段中的“Would you dare to entrust your credit card details or passwords to potentially unsafe trading platforms (你敢把你的信用卡信息或密码委托给可能不安全的交易平台吗 )”说明人们对交易平台的安全性有担忧。画线短语所在句意为:维也纳大学的研究人员通过设计一个在这些情况下进行交易的无条件安全的系统来解决这个dilemma。故推测画线词指的是“对数字支付安全的担忧”。故选C。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,在今天的支付生态系统中,客户的敏感数据被一组随机数所取代,每笔交易的唯一性通过经典的加密方法得到保护,然而,拥有强大计算资源的公司可以破解这些代码,还原客户的私人数据,例如,以客户的名义付款。所以目前的支付系统的缺点是客户的私人数据可能被泄露。故选C。
3.A 主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“In an experiment, the researchers demonstrated that...a unit of energy.”可知,在一项实验中,研究人员证明了每笔交易都是不可复制的,他们用一种量子协议取代了经典的加密技术。根据第四段中的“In the demonstrated quantum protocol...to the client.”可知在演示的量子协议中,通过让支付提供者向客户端发送特别准备的单光子来生成该密码。由此可知,本段主要讲了量子数字支付是如何工作的。故选A。
4.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Philip所说的话“We will witness that quantum-digital payment reaches practical performance in the very near future.(我们将在不久的将来见证量子数字支付达到实际应用。)”可知,Philip对量子数字支付是有信心的(confident)。故选A。B.怀疑的;C.不清楚的;D.保守的。
【高频词汇】 1.critical adj.关键的;极重要的 2.tackle v.处理 3.sensitive adj.敏感的 4.random adj.任意的;随机的 5.ensure v.确保;保证 6.demonstrate v.证明;演示;表达 7.generate v.产生;引起 8.guarantee v.保证;确保 9.leak v.泄露
【差距词汇】 unconditionally adv.无条件地
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马来西亚热闹非凡的夜市。
1.F 细节句。根据下文“There is always something new and exciting to look forward to at each visit.(每次去总有一些令人兴奋的新事物值得期待。)”可知,每次去夜市都会见到新鲜有趣的事物。F项“新产品会随着目前的趋势和市场需求而不断增加。”与下文内容衔接顺畅,符合语境,F项中的“New items”对应下文的“something new”。故选F。
2.G 细节句。根据上文“For those who cook, there are row upon row of stalls selling fresh seafood, meat products, and a limitless variety of vegetables.(对于那些做饭的人来说,有一排又一排的摊位出售新鲜的海产食品、肉类产品和无限种类的蔬菜。)”可知,此处表示在夜市上可以买到做饭用的食材。G项“像牛肉干和咸鸡蛋等干制和腌制物品在这里也很容易买到。”与做饭食材有关,符合语境。故选G。
3.E 过渡句。根据上文“It is no secret that all night markets share a treasure—tasty street cuisine.(众所周知,所有夜市都有一个共同的宝藏,那就是美味的街头菜肴。)”和下文“The ever-popular soybean drink and the juice of sugar cane are a permanent feature here.(广受欢迎的大豆饮料和甘蔗汁是这里永恒的特色。)”可知,此处介绍的是夜市的街头菜肴。结合选项可知E项“如果不尝尝令人垂涎的当地菜肴,那就太遗憾了。”符合此处话题,承接上文提到的美味菜肴,建议读者去享用,同时引出下文列举特色饮料的例子,符合语境。故选E。
4.D 细节句。根据下文“It is thereby not a place for the faint-hearted or the gentle.(因此,这里不适合胆小或温柔的人。)”可知,空处解释了夜市不适合胆小或温柔的人的原因。D项“喧闹的人群是夜市的标志。”符合该原因,与下文衔接顺畅,符合语境。故选D。
5.B 细节句。根据本段第一句的内容可知,有些地方是24小时营业的市场,到了晚上更加热闹,商贩们会摆起许多摊位,出售不同寻常的当地食品、异国风味的热带水果、便宜的衣服、二手商品和新鲜农产品。B项“有那么多东西要看、要买、要吃。”呼应了本段首句,符合语境。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.comprise v.包括 2.typically adv.通常;典型地 3.cuisine n.菜肴;烹饪;风味 4.permanent adj.永恒的;长期不变的 5.thrilling adj.令人激动的 6.be addicted to... 对……入迷 7.feast n.使人欢快的事物(或活动);盛宴,宴会;节日
【熟词生义】 produce n.农产品
【差距词汇】 1.in full swing在热烈进行中;处于兴盛阶段 2.exotic adj.来自异国的;异国风味的;异国情调的 3.festive adj.节日的;欢乐的;喜庆的 4.hallmark n.特征,标志 5.mouth-watering adj.令人垂涎的,非常好吃的
长难句
原句 Some places are 24-hour markets, which are livelier at night when traders set up numerous stalls selling unusual local food, exotic tropical fruits, cheap clothes, second-hand goods as well as fresh produce.
分析 本句为主从复合句。主句为“Some places are 24-hour markets”,其后是which引导的非限制性定语从句,这个定语从句中还含有一个when引导的定语从句,修饰先行词night,其中“selling...produce”为现在分词短语作定语,修饰stalls。
译文 有些地方是24小时营业的市场,到了晚上更加热闹,商贩们会摆起许多摊位,出售不同寻常的当地食品、异国风味的热带水果、便宜的衣服、二手商品和新鲜农产品。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了去年作者和朋友创建非营利项目The Pop-Up Care Shop的经历,通过这次经历,作者意识到物质帮助固然重要,但无形的爱、陪伴和耐心更能帮助人们,他们虽不能帮助所有人,但能为至少一个人带来改变。
1.C 由上文可知,作者和朋友因为想以不同的方式做慈善工作,所以创建了一个非营利项目,所以The Pop-Up Care Shop诞生了。A.发现;B.捐赠;C.诞生;D.购买。故选C。
易错归因
本题易误选A项。根据其他三个选项的形式可知这里的found为find的过去式,考生可能由于粗心将其看成found(建立,创办)。
2.B 由上一段中的“a non-profit project”可知这个项目是非营利的,是慈善工作,所以这里指提供免费的捐赠品给需要的人。A.便宜的;B.免费的;C.传统的;D.混乱的。故选B。
3.D 由下文“clothing drives and then went to women s shelters”可知,他们举办了衣物捐赠这样的慈善活动,之后把捐赠的衣物送到妇女庇护所。A.离开;B.选择;C.禁止;D.举办,举行。故选D。
4.A 由上文的“women s shelters (妇女庇护所)”可知,那些女性应该都是无家可归的。A.无家可归的;B.无畏的;C.无罪的;D.坐立不安的。故选A。
5.C 由下文中启动项目后作者他们的一系列行动和常识可知,创办任何项目或运动都不容易。A.停止;B.突出,强调;C.创办;D.监视。故选C。
6.B 由上文的“Brainstorming and coming up with cool ideas”再结合下文的but可知,集思广益并想出很酷的想法应该会很有趣,作者用头脑风暴的趣味性和付诸行动的困难性做对比。A.艰难的;B.有趣的;C.古怪的;D.最重要的。故选B。
7.C 结合上文的fun和表示转折的连词but可知,作者用头脑风暴的趣味性和付诸行动的困难性做对比,这里强调实施方案很艰难,有时好像几乎是不可能的。A.关键性的;B.不必要的;C.不可能的;D.符合逻辑的。故选C。
8.B 作者所创办的是非营利项目,为需要的人提供免费的捐赠品,所以这里指这个项目让作者学到了关于回馈的道理。A.发生故障;B.归还,回馈;C.跟上;D.完成,做成。故选B。
9.A 较小的庇护所,特别是在商业化程度较低的地区,在获得社区支持方面往往被忽视,这里强调这些庇护所在获取支持方面的困境。A.忽视;B.强调;C.提到;D.积累。故选A。
10.D 前文讲到较小的庇护所在获得社区支持方面往往被忽视,根据空前的Actually和本句中的“more 10 to new and creative ideas and would greatly welcome 11 who offered help”可知,这里指这些庇护所更乐于接受新的和富有创意的想法。A.更好的;B.相关的;C.强烈反对的;D.乐于接受的。故选D。
11.D 由下文“who offered help”可知,这里指的是志愿者,即那些愿意主动提供帮助的人。A.购物者;B.开拓者;C.官员;D.志愿者。故选D。
12.B 根据常识可知,投身慈善的人都是无私的。A.可靠的;B.无私的;C.创造性的;D.勇敢的。故选B。
13.A 许多收容所人手不足,工作人员劳累过度,直接与这些工作人员一起工作帮助作者他们 13 其确切的需求。这里强调通过直接共事来了解需求,directly为关键信息。A.了解;B.满足;C.预期;D.说明。故选A。
易错归因
本题容易误选B项。“satisfy the specific needs”在语法上是正确的,对于这个组织的性质而言也是合理的,但在该语境中缺乏与上文的关联性,尤其是上文的directly。
14.C 句意:虽然像食物、衣服和住所等物质可以帮助人们生存,但真正帮助人们生活的是无形的必需品,如爱、陪伴和耐心。此处将食物、住所等物质与爱、陪伴和耐心这样的无形必需品做对比,强调真正重要的东西。A.原来;B.稍微;C.真正地;D.自动地。故选C。
15.D 由语境可知,作者希望通过自己的行动去帮助他人,并且呼吁更多人加入慈善的队伍,给需要帮助的人带去改变,为他们创造一个不同的世界。A.识别;B.发现;C.揭示;D.创造。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.come up with想出,提出 2.inspiration n.鼓舞
【熟词生义】 drive n.运动,有组织的努力
长难句
原句 While material things like food, clothes, and shelter can help people survive, what truly helps people live is the intangible necessities like love, company, and patience.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。While引导让步状语从句,主句的主语为what引导的主语从句,what在主语从句中作主语。
译文 虽然食物、衣服和住所等物质可以帮助人们生存,但真正帮助人们生活的是无形的必需品,如爱、陪伴和耐心。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
2025外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册
Part 2 Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The statues created by Henry are superior in numerous aspects those of his brother s.
2.(2024河南濮阳期末)All entries submitted to us are (automatic) considered for the contest.
3.The country has been making remarkable progress through a series of (finance) reform and development since the 1990s.
4.As an outstanding manager, she never allows her personal feelings to interfere her work, which is why she can achieve success.
5.(2024黑龙江双鸭山一中月考)Navarro grew up in Mexico. At the time, his family struggled to make (end) meet.
6.He regretfully told his employees that the company had got debt by the end of last year.
7.With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, the era of (convention) cars may come to an end in the near future.
8.(2024江苏盐城期中)We are not our possessions, but we are the (accumulate)of everything we ve seen, the things we ve done, and the places we ve been to.
Ⅱ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
1.(2022浙江1月)The downturn hit the real estate(房地产) firm she had worked for ten years as an office manager.
2.(2021新高考Ⅰ改编)It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives(视角) from people can study how to manage their lives.
3.(2023北京)Rankings, however, are only one reason a low value is placed on teaching in higher education.
4.(2020江苏)I was in the middle of the Amazon(亚马孙) with my wife, was there as a medical researcher.
5.We shall have to make a decision about the thing related to Ms. King, story I ve just told you.
6.This is the most delicious food I have ever had.
7. is known to all, Professor Li is extremely qualified for his job.
8.He is the only one of the students in the history department that (have) a good command of French.
题型(二)
用定语从句完成下列句子
1.他们住在一栋高楼里,在楼的前面矗立着一棵大树。(介词短语+which)
They live in a tall building, .
2.你还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗 (一句多译)
①Do you remember the day
②Do you remember the day
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024山东枣庄三中期中)
Have you ever felt the urge to input critical financial information on a not-so-familiar business website Would you dare to entrust your credit card details or passwords to potentially unsafe trading platforms
Researchers from the University of Vienna have tackled this dilemma by designing an unconditionally secure system for conducting trade in such situations. This solution is “quantum (量子)-digital payment” which combines cryptographic (加密的) methods with the properties of quantum light.
In today s payment ecosystem, customers sensitive data is replaced by sets of random numbers, and the uniqueness of each trade is secured by a classical cryptographic method. However, companies with powerful computational resources can break these codes and recover customers private data, and for example, make payment in their name.
A research team led by Professor Philip Walther from the University of Vienna has shown how the quantum properties of light can ensure security of digital payment. In an experiment, the researchers demonstrated that each trade cannot be copied. They replaced classical cryptographic techniques with a quantum protocol (协议) using single photons, a unit of energy. During the course of a classical digital payment trade, the client shares a classical code called “cryptogram” with his payment provider. This cryptogram is then passed on between the purchaser, businessmen, and payment provider. In the demonstrated quantum protocol, this cryptogram is generated by having the payment provider sending particularly prepared single photons to the client.
The researchers successfully conducted quantum-digital payment, connecting two university buildings in downtown Vienna. Digital payment currently operates within a few seconds. “At present, our protocol takes a few minutes of quantum communication to complete a trade. This is to guarantee security in the presence of noise and losses,” says Philip Walther. “However, these time limitations are only of technological nature. We will witness that quantum-digital payment reaches practical performance in the very near future.”
1.What do the underlined words “this dilemma” in paragraph 2 refer to
A.Need for financial services. B.The urge to get rid of credit cards.
C.Fear of digital payment safety. D.Concern about false information.
2.What is a disadvantage of the present payment system
A.The convenience of payment can t be enjoyed.
B.The uniqueness of trade can t be ensured.
C.Customers private data may be leaked.
D.Customer payment choices are limited.
3.What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A.How quantum-digital payment works. B.How digital payment proves safer.
C.Why single photons are necessary. D.What is important to online trade.
4.What is Philip s attitude towards quantum-digital payment
A.Confident. B.Doubtful. C.Unclear. D.Conservative.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024广东六校联考)
The Malaysian night market is based on a concept of open-air shopping where street vendors(小贩) occupy a designated street to set up stalls(货摊). The night market is the place where you can hang around the stalls, enjoy the smell of local foods and pick up some items.
Each night market comprises a different combination of stalls. 1 There is always something new and exciting to look forward to at each visit.
The night markets are typically from 5 p.m. to 10:30 p.m. You can purchase anything from night markets, such as superior local food, household items, fresh produce, and even clothes in the latest styles. By around 6 p.m., the market is in full swing as the first groups of people sweep in. For those who cook, there are row upon row of stalls selling fresh seafood, meat products, and a limitless variety of vegetables. 2 It is no secret that all night markets share a treasure—tasty street cuisine. 3 The ever-popular soybean drink and the juice of sugar cane are a permanent feature here.
4 It is thereby not a place for the faint-hearted or the gentle. To many, it is a fun and thrilling place to explore. You can even be addicted to discoveries of the antique kind which can be found in some night markets.
Some places are 24-hour markets, which are livelier at night when traders set up numerous stalls selling unusual local food, exotic tropical(热带的) fruits, cheap clothes, second-hand goods as well as fresh produce. Visiting a night market here is truly an exciting experience and a feast for people on a tropical night out. The atmosphere is almost festive. 5
A.Your curiosity will be satisfied here.
B.There are so many things to see, buy and eat.
C.People would complain about the noises here.
D.Noisy crowds are the hallmark of the night market.
E.It would be a regret not to try the mouth-watering local dishes.
F.New items are constantly being added on in line with current trends and market demand.
G.Dried and preserved items such as dried beef and salted eggs are easily available here too.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2024辽宁沈阳郊联体联考)
Last year, my friend, Kydee Williams, and I started a non-profit project because we wanted to do charity work differently. Thereby, The Pop-Up Care Shop (TPUCS) was 1 .
TPUCS is a traveling shop of 2 donated goods for people in need. During the holidays, we 3 clothing drives and then went to women s shelters. Our main goal was to help inspire women who were 4 with hope as well as bring a little holiday cheer to our local communities. 5 any project or movement wasn t easy. Brainstorming and coming up with cool ideas were the 6 part, but actually bringing those ideas to life could seem almost 7 at times. However, there were lessons about 8 that we didn t fully realize until we started this journey.
From our experience, we learned smaller shelters, especially those in less-commercialized areas were often 9 when it came to getting community support. Actually, they were typically more 10 to new and creative ideas and would greatly welcome 11 who offered help. Under our inspiration, many 12 people devoted themselves to non-profit work. Many shelters are understaffed and the staff overworked. Working directly with them helped us 13 the specific needs of the shelter.
While material things like food, clothes, and shelter can help people survive, what 14 helps people live is the intangible (无形的) necessities like love, company, and patience. Even though we can t help every single person in the world, we can 15 a world of difference for at least one person.
1.A.found B.donated
C.born D.purchased
2.A.cheap B.free
C.conventional D.messy
3.A.quit B.chose
C.forbade D.held
4.A.homeless B.fearless
C.guiltless D.restless
5.A.Ceasing B.Highlighting
C.Starting D.Monitoring
6.A.hard B.fun
C.odd D.core
7.A.crucial B.unnecessary
C.impossible D.logical
8.A.breaking down B.giving back
C.keeping up D.pulling through
9.A.ignored B.emphasized
C.mentioned D.accumulated
10.A.superior B.relevant
C.opposed D.open
11.A.shoppers B.pioneers
C.officers D.volunteers
12.A.reliable B.selfless
C.creative D.courageous
13.A.understand B.satisfy
C.anticipate D.illustrate
14.A.originally B.slightly
C.truly D.automatically
15.A.identify B.detect
C.reveal D.make
答案与分层梯度式解析
Part 2 Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.to 考查介词。句意:亨利创作的雕塑作品在许多方面比他哥哥(创作)的那些要好。be superior to优于,比……更好。
2.automatically 考查副词。句意:所有提交给我们的参赛作品都会自动被视为要参加比赛。设空处修饰谓语动词are considered,应用副词作状语。
3.financial 考查形容词。句意:自20世纪90年代以来,该国通过一系列金融改革和发展取得了显著的进步。根据句意可知,设空处修饰名词短语reform and development,应用形容词作定语,表示“金融的”,故填financial。
4.with 考查介词。句意:作为一名优秀的经理,她从不让个人感情影响工作。这就是她能取得成功的原因。interfere with妨碍,干扰。
5.ends 考查固定搭配。句意:纳瓦罗在墨西哥长大,当时,他们一家勉力维持生计。 make ends meet为固定搭配,意为“使收支仅能相抵”,故填ends。
6.into 考查介词。句意:他遗憾地告诉他的雇员们, 公司到去年年底就已经负债了。get into debt表示“负债”,故填into。
7.conventional 考查形容词。句意:随着新能源汽车的快速发展,传统汽车的时代可能会在不久的将来结束。根据句意可知,设空处修饰名词cars,应用形容词作定语,表示“传统的”,故填conventional。
8.accumulation 考查名词。句意:我们不是我们的财产,但我们是我们所看到的一切、我们所做的事情和我们去过的地方的积累。设空处构成the...of...结构,设空处为中心词,故用名词形式accumulation,表示“积累”,为不可数名词。
Ⅱ.题型(一)
1.where 考查关系副词。句意:经济衰退打击了她作为业务经理工作了10年的房地产公司。设空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为the real estate firm,从句缺少地点状语,故应用关系副词where。
2.which 考查关系代词。句意:我们希望,在未来的几十年里,科学的进步将为人们研究如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角。“from...their lives”为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,先行词为new perspectives,故应用关系代词which。
3.why 考查关系副词。句意:然而,排名只是人们不看重高等教育教学质量的原因之一。设空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为reason,从句缺少原因状语,故应用关系副词why。
4.who 考查关系代词。句意:我和我的妻子在亚马孙中部,她是那里的一名医学研究员。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为my wife,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who。
5.whose 考查关系代词。句意:我们必须就关于金女士的那件事做出决定,我刚刚给你们讲了金女士的故事。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Ms. King,设空处在从句中作定语,指Ms. King s,故应用关系代词whose。
6.that 考查关系代词。句意:这是我吃过的最美味的食物。设空处引导的定语从句修饰先行词food,关系词在定语从句中作had的宾语,指物,应用that或which引导定语从句。当先行词被最高级修饰时,关系代词宜用that,不宜用which;本句中先行词food前有the most delicious修饰,故填that。
7.As 考查关系代词。句意:众所周知,李教授完全能够胜任他的工作。as is known to all意为“众所周知”,为固定搭配,as引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句内容,在从句中作主语。句首单词首字母大写,故填As。
8.has 考查定语从句中的主谓一致。句意:他是历史系的学生中唯一精通法语的人。“that a good command of French”为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the only one of the students,关系词that代替先行词在从句中作主语,从句谓语的人称和数应与先行词一致,因此从句谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has。
易错归因
本题易误填have。先行词为“the only one of the+名词复数”时,其中心词为the only one,从句中的谓语动词用单数形式;先行词为“one of the+名词复数”时,其中心词为名词复数,从句中的谓语动词用复数形式。
题型(二)
1.in front of which stands a big tree 2.①on which you joined our club ②when you joined our club
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种解决平台交易安全问题的方案——“量子数字支付”。
1.C 词义猜测题。第一段中的“Would you dare to entrust your credit card details or passwords to potentially unsafe trading platforms (你敢把你的信用卡信息或密码委托给可能不安全的交易平台吗 )”说明人们对交易平台的安全性有担忧。画线短语所在句意为:维也纳大学的研究人员通过设计一个在这些情况下进行交易的无条件安全的系统来解决这个dilemma。故推测画线词指的是“对数字支付安全的担忧”。故选C。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,在今天的支付生态系统中,客户的敏感数据被一组随机数所取代,每笔交易的唯一性通过经典的加密方法得到保护,然而,拥有强大计算资源的公司可以破解这些代码,还原客户的私人数据,例如,以客户的名义付款。所以目前的支付系统的缺点是客户的私人数据可能被泄露。故选C。
3.A 主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“In an experiment, the researchers demonstrated that...a unit of energy.”可知,在一项实验中,研究人员证明了每笔交易都是不可复制的,他们用一种量子协议取代了经典的加密技术。根据第四段中的“In the demonstrated quantum protocol...to the client.”可知在演示的量子协议中,通过让支付提供者向客户端发送特别准备的单光子来生成该密码。由此可知,本段主要讲了量子数字支付是如何工作的。故选A。
4.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Philip所说的话“We will witness that quantum-digital payment reaches practical performance in the very near future.(我们将在不久的将来见证量子数字支付达到实际应用。)”可知,Philip对量子数字支付是有信心的(confident)。故选A。B.怀疑的;C.不清楚的;D.保守的。
【高频词汇】 1.critical adj.关键的;极重要的 2.tackle v.处理 3.sensitive adj.敏感的 4.random adj.任意的;随机的 5.ensure v.确保;保证 6.demonstrate v.证明;演示;表达 7.generate v.产生;引起 8.guarantee v.保证;确保 9.leak v.泄露
【差距词汇】 unconditionally adv.无条件地
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马来西亚热闹非凡的夜市。
1.F 细节句。根据下文“There is always something new and exciting to look forward to at each visit.(每次去总有一些令人兴奋的新事物值得期待。)”可知,每次去夜市都会见到新鲜有趣的事物。F项“新产品会随着目前的趋势和市场需求而不断增加。”与下文内容衔接顺畅,符合语境,F项中的“New items”对应下文的“something new”。故选F。
2.G 细节句。根据上文“For those who cook, there are row upon row of stalls selling fresh seafood, meat products, and a limitless variety of vegetables.(对于那些做饭的人来说,有一排又一排的摊位出售新鲜的海产食品、肉类产品和无限种类的蔬菜。)”可知,此处表示在夜市上可以买到做饭用的食材。G项“像牛肉干和咸鸡蛋等干制和腌制物品在这里也很容易买到。”与做饭食材有关,符合语境。故选G。
3.E 过渡句。根据上文“It is no secret that all night markets share a treasure—tasty street cuisine.(众所周知,所有夜市都有一个共同的宝藏,那就是美味的街头菜肴。)”和下文“The ever-popular soybean drink and the juice of sugar cane are a permanent feature here.(广受欢迎的大豆饮料和甘蔗汁是这里永恒的特色。)”可知,此处介绍的是夜市的街头菜肴。结合选项可知E项“如果不尝尝令人垂涎的当地菜肴,那就太遗憾了。”符合此处话题,承接上文提到的美味菜肴,建议读者去享用,同时引出下文列举特色饮料的例子,符合语境。故选E。
4.D 细节句。根据下文“It is thereby not a place for the faint-hearted or the gentle.(因此,这里不适合胆小或温柔的人。)”可知,空处解释了夜市不适合胆小或温柔的人的原因。D项“喧闹的人群是夜市的标志。”符合该原因,与下文衔接顺畅,符合语境。故选D。
5.B 细节句。根据本段第一句的内容可知,有些地方是24小时营业的市场,到了晚上更加热闹,商贩们会摆起许多摊位,出售不同寻常的当地食品、异国风味的热带水果、便宜的衣服、二手商品和新鲜农产品。B项“有那么多东西要看、要买、要吃。”呼应了本段首句,符合语境。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.comprise v.包括 2.typically adv.通常;典型地 3.cuisine n.菜肴;烹饪;风味 4.permanent adj.永恒的;长期不变的 5.thrilling adj.令人激动的 6.be addicted to... 对……入迷 7.feast n.使人欢快的事物(或活动);盛宴,宴会;节日
【熟词生义】 produce n.农产品
【差距词汇】 1.in full swing在热烈进行中;处于兴盛阶段 2.exotic adj.来自异国的;异国风味的;异国情调的 3.festive adj.节日的;欢乐的;喜庆的 4.hallmark n.特征,标志 5.mouth-watering adj.令人垂涎的,非常好吃的
长难句
原句 Some places are 24-hour markets, which are livelier at night when traders set up numerous stalls selling unusual local food, exotic tropical fruits, cheap clothes, second-hand goods as well as fresh produce.
分析 本句为主从复合句。主句为“Some places are 24-hour markets”,其后是which引导的非限制性定语从句,这个定语从句中还含有一个when引导的定语从句,修饰先行词night,其中“selling...produce”为现在分词短语作定语,修饰stalls。
译文 有些地方是24小时营业的市场,到了晚上更加热闹,商贩们会摆起许多摊位,出售不同寻常的当地食品、异国风味的热带水果、便宜的衣服、二手商品和新鲜农产品。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了去年作者和朋友创建非营利项目The Pop-Up Care Shop的经历,通过这次经历,作者意识到物质帮助固然重要,但无形的爱、陪伴和耐心更能帮助人们,他们虽不能帮助所有人,但能为至少一个人带来改变。
1.C 由上文可知,作者和朋友因为想以不同的方式做慈善工作,所以创建了一个非营利项目,所以The Pop-Up Care Shop诞生了。A.发现;B.捐赠;C.诞生;D.购买。故选C。
易错归因
本题易误选A项。根据其他三个选项的形式可知这里的found为find的过去式,考生可能由于粗心将其看成found(建立,创办)。
2.B 由上一段中的“a non-profit project”可知这个项目是非营利的,是慈善工作,所以这里指提供免费的捐赠品给需要的人。A.便宜的;B.免费的;C.传统的;D.混乱的。故选B。
3.D 由下文“clothing drives and then went to women s shelters”可知,他们举办了衣物捐赠这样的慈善活动,之后把捐赠的衣物送到妇女庇护所。A.离开;B.选择;C.禁止;D.举办,举行。故选D。
4.A 由上文的“women s shelters (妇女庇护所)”可知,那些女性应该都是无家可归的。A.无家可归的;B.无畏的;C.无罪的;D.坐立不安的。故选A。
5.C 由下文中启动项目后作者他们的一系列行动和常识可知,创办任何项目或运动都不容易。A.停止;B.突出,强调;C.创办;D.监视。故选C。
6.B 由上文的“Brainstorming and coming up with cool ideas”再结合下文的but可知,集思广益并想出很酷的想法应该会很有趣,作者用头脑风暴的趣味性和付诸行动的困难性做对比。A.艰难的;B.有趣的;C.古怪的;D.最重要的。故选B。
7.C 结合上文的fun和表示转折的连词but可知,作者用头脑风暴的趣味性和付诸行动的困难性做对比,这里强调实施方案很艰难,有时好像几乎是不可能的。A.关键性的;B.不必要的;C.不可能的;D.符合逻辑的。故选C。
8.B 作者所创办的是非营利项目,为需要的人提供免费的捐赠品,所以这里指这个项目让作者学到了关于回馈的道理。A.发生故障;B.归还,回馈;C.跟上;D.完成,做成。故选B。
9.A 较小的庇护所,特别是在商业化程度较低的地区,在获得社区支持方面往往被忽视,这里强调这些庇护所在获取支持方面的困境。A.忽视;B.强调;C.提到;D.积累。故选A。
10.D 前文讲到较小的庇护所在获得社区支持方面往往被忽视,根据空前的Actually和本句中的“more 10 to new and creative ideas and would greatly welcome 11 who offered help”可知,这里指这些庇护所更乐于接受新的和富有创意的想法。A.更好的;B.相关的;C.强烈反对的;D.乐于接受的。故选D。
11.D 由下文“who offered help”可知,这里指的是志愿者,即那些愿意主动提供帮助的人。A.购物者;B.开拓者;C.官员;D.志愿者。故选D。
12.B 根据常识可知,投身慈善的人都是无私的。A.可靠的;B.无私的;C.创造性的;D.勇敢的。故选B。
13.A 许多收容所人手不足,工作人员劳累过度,直接与这些工作人员一起工作帮助作者他们 13 其确切的需求。这里强调通过直接共事来了解需求,directly为关键信息。A.了解;B.满足;C.预期;D.说明。故选A。
易错归因
本题容易误选B项。“satisfy the specific needs”在语法上是正确的,对于这个组织的性质而言也是合理的,但在该语境中缺乏与上文的关联性,尤其是上文的directly。
14.C 句意:虽然像食物、衣服和住所等物质可以帮助人们生存,但真正帮助人们生活的是无形的必需品,如爱、陪伴和耐心。此处将食物、住所等物质与爱、陪伴和耐心这样的无形必需品做对比,强调真正重要的东西。A.原来;B.稍微;C.真正地;D.自动地。故选C。
15.D 由语境可知,作者希望通过自己的行动去帮助他人,并且呼吁更多人加入慈善的队伍,给需要帮助的人带去改变,为他们创造一个不同的世界。A.识别;B.发现;C.揭示;D.创造。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.come up with想出,提出 2.inspiration n.鼓舞
【熟词生义】 drive n.运动,有组织的努力
长难句
原句 While material things like food, clothes, and shelter can help people survive, what truly helps people live is the intangible necessities like love, company, and patience.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。While引导让步状语从句,主句的主语为what引导的主语从句,what在主语从句中作主语。
译文 虽然食物、衣服和住所等物质可以帮助人们生存,但真正帮助人们生活的是无形的必需品,如爱、陪伴和耐心。
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