知识过关第4讲 重要语法
一、
(一)含 be 动词的一般现在时
(1)口诀:
be 动词有三个，am、is 还有 are,
我(I)用 am,你(you)用 are;
is连着他(he)、她(she)、它(it);
单数名词用is，复数全部都用 are.
(2)口诀:
be 动词多变化，am，is 还有are:变否定很简单，not 放在 be 后面:变疑问往前提，句首大写莫迟疑;还有一点要注意，句末问号别忘记，
人 称 单 数 复 数
主 格 宾 格 主 格 宾 格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
第三人称 He/she /it him/her/it they them
单 数 复 数
第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称
形容词性 物主代词 my your his her its our your their
名词性 物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
中 文 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他（她、它）们的
(三)提建议的句型：
Let sb do sth. 让某人做某事
What about doing sth. = How about doing sth. 做某事怎么样？
Why don’t you do sth. =Why not do sth. 为什么不做某事呢？
d. Would you like to do sth. 你想要做某事吗？
e. You should do sth. 你应该做某事
f. had better do sth 最好做某事
接受建议：Good idea! / Sounds good! / OK
不接受建议：Sorry, I …
I’d like to …, but …
二、
(一)不含 Be动词的一般现在时
1. 用法:(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或现在存在的状态
(2)表示人的性格、能力、特征或爱好等
(3)表示客观真理或普遍事实
2.句式:(1)肯定句:主语 + 动词原形动词单三形式 + 其它
我经常七点去上学。Eg:I often go to school at 7:00.
（2）否定句:主语 + don't/ doesn't+ 动词原形 + 其它
它们每天早上不唱歌。Eg: They don't sing every morning.
(3) 一般疑问句:Do/ Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它肯定回答:Yes，主语 + do/ does.否定回答:No，主语 + don't /doesn't
Eg:—Do they play football after school —Yes, they do./ No, they don't.他们放学后踢足球吗
（4）特殊疑问句:疑问词 +do+ 主语 + 动词原形 +其它
4)Eg:What do you want to do 你想做什么
5.动词三单形式变化规则
(1)一般情况下加-s;Eg:work--works; like -- like s
(2) 以s,x,ch,sh,结尾，加-es ;Eg:finish --finishes;teach --teaches
(3) 以辅音字母+y 结尾，变y为i加 es;Eg:carry--carries,fly --flies
(4) 以口结尾，且0 前为辅音，加 es;Eg:go --goes, do --does
Eg: Tom likes playing basketball.汤姆喜欢打篮球。
Tom doesn't like playing basketball汤姆不喜欢打篮球。
Does Tom like playing basketball 汤姆喜欢打篮球吗
What does Tom like doing 汤姆喜欢做什么
6.特殊疑间句结构:
(1) 特殊词+ 助动词(do/ does)+ 主语 + 行为动词原形 + 其它(疑问词在其中不作主语）
Eg: How do you save the document 你如何保存文档
(2) 疑问词+ 行为动词的第三人称单数 + 其它(疑问词在句中作主语)
Eg:Who cooks breakfast for him 谁为他做早饭
7.常用的疑问词
问时间:when问地点:where
问人物:who问事物或事件:what
问原因:why问方式:how
问哪个:which问具体时刻:what time
问哪种:what kind of问多少:how much/ how many
（二）物主代词
含义:物主代词就是人称代词的属格，表示“所有”。因此，物主代词和人称代词是相对应的。
Eg:I always do my homework after diner.我总是晚饭后做我的作业。
如同名词所有格和属格一样，物主代词也有形容词性和名词性物主代词之分。
Eg:This is my book.(my 为形容词性物主代词)这是我的书。
This book is mine .这本书时我的。（mine为名词性物主代词)
物主代词形式
形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词
第一人称 单数 My Mine
复数 Our Ours
第二人称 单数 Your Yours
复数 Your Yours
第三人称 单数 his/her/its his/hers/its
复数 their theirs
注意:名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词
这是我的朋友
Eg: This is my friend.= This friend is mine .
名词性物主代词mine= 形容词性物主代词 my+ 名词 friend.
形容词性物主代词的功能和用法
形容词性物主代词具有形容词性质，相当于所有格+名词
1)形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语
Eg: Bob sends his photo to me.鲍勃把他的照片寄给我。(其中his作定语修饰 photo)
2)形容词性物主代词与 own 连用，表强调
他总是读他自己的书。
Eg: He always reads his own books.
3)形容词性物主代词有时由定冠词代替。
Eg: A bee stung her on the nose.(the 代替 her)蜜蜂叮了她的鼻子
名词性物主代词的功能和用法：
名词性物主代词具有名词性质，能担任名词的各种功能，同时也能担任名词of属格的功能
1)名词性物主代词在句中可用作主语，表语，宾语和介词短语。
我们的国家是一个新的且强壮的国家。
Eg:Ours is a new and strong country.(主语)
This house is hers .(表语)这个房子是她的。
My bike is broken, may I use yours.(宾语我的自行车坏了，我可以用你的吗 (作介词短语)
我的奶奶住在我们的楼上。My grandma lives upstairs, above ours .
2)名词性物主代词还可以与of连用，表部分概念。
Eg: This is a photo of mine
这是我的一张照片。(强调所有照片中的一张)
三、
（一）可数名词单复数变化形式：
单数变复数，规则要记住。一般词尾加s，特殊变化有几处。
以ch,sh,s,x结尾，一般加上es。
以辅音字母加y结尾，先把 y变i，再加es。
单词若以0结尾，除了两人和两菜，词尾要加es，其余一般加s.
单词结尾是f/fe，先把f/fe变为ve，最后加上s。
还有单词没规则，需要特殊来记忆、
bag-bags pen-pens watch-watches box-boxes
family-families hobby-hobbies hero-heroes potato-potatoes Photos zoos
wife-wives leaf-leaves child-children man-men people-people foot-feet
四
(一)现在进行时
1.现在进行时用法
(1)表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。
Eg: Lily is reading a book now.丽丽现在正在读一本书。
(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。
Eg:They are studying hard this term.他们这学期正在努力学习。
(3)go,come,leave,arrive,start 等动词 ,用现在进行时表示将来。
Eg: The bus is coming.公共汽车来了。
2.现在进行时结构
肯定式:主语 +am/is/are + 动词现在分词 + 其他
否定式:主语 +am/is/are +not+动词现在分词 +其他
一般疑问式am/is/are + 主语 +动词现在分词 + 其他
特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句
动词现在分词变化规则
(1)直接加-ing; Eg:go--going:see--seeing
(2)将不发音e去掉，再加-ing Eg:take--taking;live--living
(3)在重读闭音节中(单词中只有一个元音，元音后只有一个辅音)，双写结尾字母加-ing
Eg:shop--shopping;run--running
4.现在进行时时间标志词
当句子中有以下时间标志词是，句子通常用现在进行时。这类词有:now,right now,at present,at the moment, these days, when, while, Look!; Listen!看!
Eg: Look! This boy is playing football.这个男孩正在踢足球。
My mum is cooking at the moment.我妈妈此刻正在做饭。
五
一、不定冠词不定冠词有a和an两种形式，用于单数名词前，表示微弱的“一”的概念，用来泛指某物或某人，但并不强调数量。a用于辅音音素开头的名词前，an用于元音音素开头的名词前。例如:an hour/a university
二、定冠词the用法
1.指上文已经提到的人或事物
2特指某人或某物:The boy under the tree is Tom
3.用在序数词/最高级前:the first time / the best
4.用在形容词前，表示一类人:The young should
5.用在独一无二的事物前:the sun/the moon /the sky
6.用在姓氏复数前表示一家人:the Greens
7.用在弹奏乐器前:play the piano/violin
定冠词固定搭配：at the same time 同时at the age of 在...岁时by the way 顺便一提
三、情态动词 can
1.在表达“某人能做某事”时，一般可以用“can +动词原形”的结构。如果表达“某人不能做某事时，可以在 can 的后面加 not，其中 can't = can not.
eg：I can play football.我会踢球。
Dick can’t speak English.迪克不会说英语。
2.can 是情态动词，没有人称和数的变化:
eg：Da ming can ride a bike but he can’t drive a car.大明会骑车但他不会开车。
3.如果是询问某人能不能做某事，将 can 提至句首即可
eg：—Can you speak Chinese 你会说英语吗
—肯定回答: Yes,I can.—否定回答: No,I can't
4.特殊疑问句结构: 特殊疑问词 +can + 主语 + do
eg：— What can you do 你会做什么 —I can sing and dance .我会唱歌跳舞。
六
(一) 数词
基数词
1）1-- 12 都有各自具有的特殊形式。one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight, mine, ten.eleven, twelve
基数词
2）13- 19 都以-teen 结尾。thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen, nineteen
3）20- 90 的整十位基数词都以-ty 结尾。twenty,thirty,forty,fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety
4）21-99 之间的基数词除整数十位之外，其余都是在整十位数后加上从1-9 的基数词，且中间有连字符。
5）百位数字的表达法:“基数词+hundred+and+ 整十位数词+连字符+个位数”
6）英语中数词单位有:hundred百;thousand千;million百万;billion 十亿。
主代词、名词所有格等限定词，则不加 the。
英语中每三位数为一个隔断，从右到左分别为thousand，million,在表达时可每三位数字后加数词单位即可。
序数词
1.1-3的序数词形式特殊，是first(第一),second(第二),third(第三)
2.4--19 之间的序数词的构成方式实在基数词后加-th,但有四个拼写有变化:fifth(第五);eighth(第八);ninth( 第九);twelfth( 第十二).
Eg:eighteen--eighteenth(八)
3.以-ty 结尾的整十位数序数词将y变为 i，再加 eth。
Eg:thirty--thirtieth,sixty --sixtieth
4.21 以上的多位序数词，只将末尾数变为序数词，前面的其他数位不变。Eg:fifty-five--fifty-fifth;(第五十五);
one hundred and sixty -eight —one hundred and sixty—eighth(第一百六十八)
序数词用法:
1)表示顺序时，序数词前面必须加 the，其后接单数名词:
Eg:The second picture is Lily’s.第二章图片是丽丽的。
2)序数词前若有形容词物。
（二）一般现在时
1.用法:
(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或现在存在的状态
(2)表示人的性格、能力、特征或爱好等。
(3)表示客观真理或普遍事实:
2.句式:(1)肯定句:主语 + 动词原形 + 其它
Eg:I often go to school at 7:00.我经常七点去上学。
(2)否定句:主语 + don't+ 动词原形 + 其它
Eg: 它们每天早上不唱歌
They don't sing every morning.
(3)一般疑问句:Do+ 主语 + 动词原形 +其它
肯定回答:Yes，主语 +do.
否定回答:No,主语 + don't.
Eg: 他们放学后踢足球吗
—Do they play football after school
—Yes, they do./ No, they don't.
(4)特殊疑问句:疑问词 +do+ 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它
Eg: 你想做什么 What do you want to do
3.在一般现在时的句子中，行为动词前不能有 be 动词
4.do 除了作助动词，还可用作行为动词，译为“做”，变否定句时，不能再实义动词 do 后加 not,要在前加 don't。
Eg:I don't do homework on Sundays.我周日不做作业。
当句子的主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词也要使用第三人称单数形式，即“主语 + 动词三单+ 其它”;回答以 does 开头的问句时，答语仍要用 does 或其否定形式 doesn't，不可使用其它助动词或行为动词。
5.动词三单形式变化规则
(1)一般情况下加-s;Eg:work--works;
(2)以s,x,ch,sh,结尾，加-es ;Eg:finish --finishes;
(3)以辅音字母 +y 结尾，变y为i加 es;Eg:carry--carries
(4)以 o结尾，且 o前为辅音，加 es;Eg:go--goes;
6.特殊疑问句结构:
(1)特殊词 + 助动词(do/ does)+ 主语 + 行为动词原形 + 其它(疑问词在其中不作主语)
Eg: How do you save the document 你如何保存文档
(2)疑问词 + 行为动词的第三人称单数 + 其它(疑问词在句中作主语)
Eg:Who cooks breakfast for him 谁为他做早饭
7.常用的疑问词
问地点:where问人物:who问事物或事件:what问方式:how问原因:why问哪个:which
问具体时刻:what time问多少:how much/ how many问哪种:what kind of
问时间: when
(三)现在进行时
1.用法:1）表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作。
2）表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2.构成:主语 +be 动词 + 动词现在分词
动词现在分词变化规则:
1.一般情况下，直接加 ing 般疑问句:Are they talking on the phone 他们在打电话吗
肯定句回答:Yes, they are.否定句回答:No, they aren't.
特殊疑问句:What are they doing
注意:表示位移动词，如1eave,move，go,come 等，常用现在进行时，表示动作将要发生，而不表示动作正在进行。
Eg:My family is moving to Beijing next month.我的家人下个月要搬到北京了!
4.现在进行时时间标志词:
now(现在)，at the/ this moment(此时此刻)，Look!(看)， Listen!( 听)等
Eg:I am doing my homework now.我现在正在做作业。
They are listening to music at the moment .此刻他们正在听音乐。
Listen!Someone is singing in the next door.听!有人在隔壁唱歌。Eg：work--working
2.以不发音的e结尾，去e加 ing Eg:take --taking
3.在重读闭音节，双写末尾字母加ing Eg:stop--stopping
4.以ie 结尾的动词变ie 为y加 ing Eg:die--dying ;lie --lying
3.现在进行时的句型变化:
肯定句:They are talking on the phone.他们正在打电话
否定句:They aren't talking on the phone.他们没有在打电话。
单项选择
（一）
1.Our class has a new student. Let me ________ him to you.
invent
introduce
join
D．Invite
2.You ________ a teacher. I ________ a student. My sister ________ a student, too.
A.am; is; are
B．is; are; am
C．are; am; is
D．are; is; is
3.—How do you feel about the summer camp
—Great! I make friends ________ students from all over the world.
at
of
with
D．To
4.This postcard has no ________ on it. We don’t know where it is from.
name
address
date
D．greeting
5.It’s good for teachers to ________ their students about their homework.
be afraid of
be good with
be friendly to
D．be strict with
6.I often help my mother ________ housework.
does
did
do
D．Doing
7.—Sandy, how will Tom come to the party
—He________ drive his car, but I’m not sure.
must
can
may
D．Should
8. Linda Mary good friends.
A.Both;of;is
B.Both;and;is
C.Both;of;are
D.Both;and;are
9.He needs _________ a dictionary in the store.
buy
buying
buys
D．to buy
10.—What do you often do in your spare time
—I like playing __________ chess with my grandparents.
a
the
/
D.an
11.She is Chinese, .
too
B.also
C.as well
D.either
12.She is happy the game.
A.pass
B.passing
C.to pass
D.to passing
13.—How old is Tony？—He is .
A.four years old
B.four year old
C.four—years—old
D.four—year—old
（二）
1．—Are ________ Tom’s friend
—Yes, and ________ name is Lily .
you; I
B．you; my
C.he; my
D．he; I
2．What other things do you ________ Lin Hua’s family
A．live with
B．ride a bike
C．know about
D．clean up
3．She ________ the old in an old people’s home.
A．look at
B．looks at
C．look after
D．looks after
4．The boy often ________ a kite on Sunday in spring.
A．fly
B．flying
C．flies
D．flew
5．—________ she like music
—Yes. She ________ to play the piano.
Do; like
Does; like
Does; likes
D．Do; likes
6．Daisy’s aunt ________ much about art and she can help her a lot.
A．know
B．knows
C．will know
D．is knowing
7．Li Mei is my friend. ________ is 11 and ________ English name is Alice.
A．Her; she
B．She; her
C．Her ;her
D．She; she
8．My cousin with his parents ________ 3 days ________ in Shanghai. They all love the city.
A．spend; to travel
B．spend; travelling
C．spends; to travel
D．spends; travelling
9．—__________ does your father look like
—He is tall and has short hair.
How
What
C．Which
D．Who|
10．—Give this book __________ Maria, please. —OK.
A．for
B．to
C．at
D．in
11.There five people in my
A. are, home
B.is, home
C.are, family
D.is; family
12.Three-fifths of the teachers in our school are ________.
man teacher
men teachers
woman teachers
D．women teacher
13. Jenny always ________ her teeth after breakfast.
brush
B．brushes C．Brushing
14..Peter is a black hat today.
A. put on
B.in
C.dress
D.wear
15.We’ll have to tie ________ to our beds.
A．us
B．we
C．ours
D．ourselves
16.My father has a new ________. He says that he has much ________ to do every day.
job; job
B．work; work
C．job; work
D．work; job
17.The boy ________ off a horse yesterday and he is now _________.
fell; in the hospital
B．fell; in hospital
failed; in hospital
felt; in the hospital
（三）
1．—What are these —They are ________.
A．tomato plants
B．baby chicken
C．apples trees
D．baby goose
2．My sister is good at ________.
A．draw
B．draws
C．drawing
D．to draw
3．—What are you doing now
—I’m ________ my homework.
do
B．does
C．doing
D．to do
4．—Is your school life interesting
—________ I like my school.
Yes, it is.
B．Yes, it does.
C．No, it isn’t.
D．No, it doesn’t.
5．I like reading books ________ it can make me learn a lot.
A．because
but
C．or
D．and
6．—How many classes do you have in the morning
—We have ________.
three class
three classes
third class
D．third classes
7．—You look strong and healthy. ________ do you do sport
—I’m a fan of ball games, and I ________ play volleyball after school every day.
How much; often
How long; seldom
How often; usually
D．How often; never
8．I have some ________ and an ________ for breakfast.
A．egg; bread
B．eggs; bread
C．bread; egg
D．bread; eggs
9．—What animals can you see on the farm
—I can see some ________.
rabbit
duck
sheep
D．cow
10．I want ________ some friends. I’d like to tell you some ________ about me first.
A．to make; information
B．to make; informations
C．make; information
D．make; informations
（四）
1.It is a ________ day. Let’s go to have a picnic!
A．sun
B．sunny
C．rainy
D．rain
2.—________ fine weather it is! Shall we go for a picnic
—I can’t agree more.
What a
What
How
D．How a
3.It rained yesterday
A big
B. large
C.heavy
D. heavily
4.Linda and her mother are talking ______.
by the phone
B．in the phone
C．at the phone
D．on the phone
5.The boy wishes his parents him to the zoo.
A. take
B. taking
C. to take
D. to taking
6.—Mr. Black, ______ was the parents’ meeting
—It wasn’t too long, about one hour.
how far
B．how long
C．how much
7.Cycling is ________ outdoor activity. Young people like ________ activity very much.
the; a
the; an
a; the
an; the
（五）
1．This is ________ eraser and that’s ________ baseball.
A．an, a
B．a, an
C．an, an
D．a, a
2．It’s a ________ that he passed the exam without studying.
A．wonder
B．surprise
C．miracle
D．magic
3．Elephants are mainly found in ________.
A．deserts
B．grasslands
C．rainforests
D．mountains
4．We must not ________ the trees in the forest.
A．cut down
B．cut off
C．cut up
D．cut out
5．—What do you think of nature
—I think it’s very ________.
beautiful
beautifully
beauty
D．beautify
6．The flowers in the garden ________ very sweet.
A．smell
B．smells
C．smelling
D．are smelling
7．There are ________ stars in the sky at night.
A．too much
B．much too
C．too many
D．many too
8．—How is the weather today
—It’s ________. The sun is shining.
rainy
cloudy
sunny
D．snowy
9．—Let’s go for a walk in the park.
—________
Thank you.
You’re welcome.
C．That’s a good idea.
D．OK, I will.
（六）
1．There are ________ people at the party.
A．much
B．many
C．a lot
D．a little
2．—Happy birthday to you!
—________.
Thank you
B．You’re welcome
C．That’s all right
D．OK
3．They are ________ the room with colorful lights.
A．decorate
B．decorated
C．decorating
D．to decorate
4．—________ is your favorite festival
—I like Christmas best.
What
B．Who
C．Where
D．How
适当形式填空
（一）
1．We often ________ (play) games after school.
2．________ (I) name is Tom.
3．They ________ (be) good students.
4．He ________ (like) playing football.
5．She ________ (have) a lot of friends.
6．I ________ (be) from Canada.
7．He likes ________ (hike) with his parents.
8．Tom is 16 ________ (year) old.
9．The Chinese people are very ________ (friend).
（二）
1．These wonderful pictures are from those French ________. (art)
2．I ________ (not like) history. It’s boring.
3．________ (listen) to music is my hobby.
4．She ________ (have) a new book.
5．We often ________ (do) our homework in the evening.
6．Helen has 14 ________ (sheep).
7．They have 3 ________ (baby).
8．There ________ (be) many students in the classroom.
9．I am busy this week because I have many important ________ (meet).
10．They ________ (play) football after school.
（三）
1．In western countries, people eat with ________ (knife) and forks.
2．On her 12th birthday, Kitty got a lot of special ________ (present) from her friends
3．The suits for these ________ (gentleman) look really cool.
4．My dream is to be a doctor and save ________ (life).
5．I often go to one of the ________ (restaurant) in the shopping mall.
6．Kitty often goes to the museum ________ a month. (two)
7．We’d better brush our ________ twice a day. (tooth)
8．One of the ______ (dance) is his daughter.
9．She likes reading English ________ (story) at the desk and she can speak English well.
10．One of the ________ dogs is searching the forest for something important. (policeman)
（四）
1．The teacher asks Tom ________ the book to the office. (bring)
2．Listen, the girls ________ English songs in the classroom. (sing)
3．There are two ________ about the students’ reading habits. (report)
4．Mary ________ she can go to the concert with her parents. (wish)
5．The weather is cool and ________ (cloud), just right for walking.
6．Today is Sunday. Look, people ________ (exercise) happily in Olympic Sports Park.
7．Lily keeps ________ (study) without a break.
8．It is ________ (importance) to eat ________ (health) food in our daily life.
9．The farmer ________ (feed) the chickens and milks the cows every day.|
10．She goes shopping for some warm ________ (cloth) to wear in the winter.
（五）
1．The leaves begin to ________ (fall) when autumn comes.
2．It’s no ________ (wonder) that the children love to visit the zoo.
3．The students are ________ (plant) trees in the school garden.
4．The ________ (top) of the mountain is covered with snow.
5．It’s important for us to ________ (protect) the environment.
6．The climate in the Sahara Desert is very ________ (different) from that in the Amazon rainforest.
7．The Amazon rainforest is one of the most important ________ (nature) environments in the world.
8．The bridge ________ (cross) the river.
9．I often ________ (go) to the park to enjoy the grassland.
（六）
1．My sister ________ (decorate) her room with flowers yesterday.
2．Look! They ________ (sing) a song for the celebration.
3．There ________ (be) many balloons at the birthday party.
4．He ________ (give) me a special gift last year.
5．________ (this) are the photos of our celebration.
6．She ________ (like) to receive presents on her birthday.
7．We ________ (have) a big party for my birthday next week.
8．Women’s Day is on the ________ (eight) day of March.
9．I like the number “8” best, because it sounds like “fa” in Chinese, and it stands for good ________ (lucky).
10．We can watch the ________ (wonder) program on TV this summer.知识过关第4讲 重要语法
一、
(一)含 be 动词的一般现在时
(1)口诀:
be 动词有三个，am、is 还有 are,
我(I)用 am,你(you)用 are;
is连着他(he)、她(she)、它(it);
单数名词用is，复数全部都用 are.
(2)口诀:
be 动词多变化，am，is 还有are:变否定很简单，not 放在 be 后面:变疑问往前提，句首大写莫迟疑;还有一点要注意，句末问号别忘记，
人 称 单 数 复 数
主 格 宾 格 主 格 宾 格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
第三人称 He/she /it him/her/it they them
单 数 复 数
第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称
形容词性 物主代词 my your his her its our your their
名词性 物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
中 文 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他（她、它）们的
(三)提建议的句型：
Let sb do sth. 让某人做某事
What about doing sth. = How about doing sth. 做某事怎么样？
Why don’t you do sth. =Why not do sth. 为什么不做某事呢？
d. Would you like to do sth. 你想要做某事吗？
e. You should do sth. 你应该做某事
f. had better do sth 最好做某事
接受建议：Good idea! / Sounds good! / OK
不接受建议：Sorry, I …
I’d like to …, but …
二、
(一)不含 Be动词的一般现在时
1. 用法:(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或现在存在的状态
(2)表示人的性格、能力、特征或爱好等
(3)表示客观真理或普遍事实
2.句式:(1)肯定句:主语 + 动词原形动词单三形式 + 其它
我经常七点去上学。Eg:I often go to school at 7:00.
（2）否定句:主语 + don't/ doesn't+ 动词原形 + 其它
它们每天早上不唱歌。Eg: They don't sing every morning.
(3) 一般疑问句:Do/ Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它肯定回答:Yes，主语 + do/ does.否定回答:No，主语 + don't /doesn't
Eg:—Do they play football after school —Yes, they do./ No, they don't.他们放学后踢足球吗
（4）特殊疑问句:疑问词 +do+ 主语 + 动词原形 +其它
4)Eg:What do you want to do 你想做什么
5.动词三单形式变化规则
(1)一般情况下加-s;Eg:work--works; like -- like s
(2) 以s,x,ch,sh,结尾，加-es ;Eg:finish --finishes;teach --teaches
(3) 以辅音字母+y 结尾，变y为i加 es;Eg:carry--carries,fly --flies
(4) 以口结尾，且0 前为辅音，加 es;Eg:go --goes, do --does
Eg: Tom likes playing basketball.汤姆喜欢打篮球。
Tom doesn't like playing basketball汤姆不喜欢打篮球。
Does Tom like playing basketball 汤姆喜欢打篮球吗
What does Tom like doing 汤姆喜欢做什么
6.特殊疑间句结构:
(1) 特殊词+ 助动词(do/ does)+ 主语 + 行为动词原形 + 其它(疑问词在其中不作主语）
Eg: How do you save the document 你如何保存文档
(2) 疑问词+ 行为动词的第三人称单数 + 其它(疑问词在句中作主语)
Eg:Who cooks breakfast for him 谁为他做早饭
7.常用的疑问词
问时间:when问地点:where
问人物:who问事物或事件:what
问原因:why问方式:how
问哪个:which问具体时刻:what time
问哪种:what kind of问多少:how much/ how many
（二）物主代词
含义:物主代词就是人称代词的属格，表示“所有”。因此，物主代词和人称代词是相对应的。
Eg:I always do my homework after diner.我总是晚饭后做我的作业。
如同名词所有格和属格一样，物主代词也有形容词性和名词性物主代词之分。
Eg:This is my book.(my 为形容词性物主代词)这是我的书。
This book is mine .这本书时我的。（mine为名词性物主代词)
物主代词形式
形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词
第一人称 单数 My Mine
复数 Our Ours
第二人称 单数 Your Yours
复数 Your Yours
第三人称 单数 his/her/its his/hers/its
复数 their theirs
注意:名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词
这是我的朋友
Eg: This is my friend.= This friend is mine .
名词性物主代词mine= 形容词性物主代词 my+ 名词 friend.
形容词性物主代词的功能和用法
形容词性物主代词具有形容词性质，相当于所有格+名词
1)形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语
Eg: Bob sends his photo to me.鲍勃把他的照片寄给我。(其中his作定语修饰 photo)
2)形容词性物主代词与 own 连用，表强调
他总是读他自己的书。
Eg: He always reads his own books.
3)形容词性物主代词有时由定冠词代替。
Eg: A bee stung her on the nose.(the 代替 her)蜜蜂叮了她的鼻子
名词性物主代词的功能和用法：
名词性物主代词具有名词性质，能担任名词的各种功能，同时也能担任名词of属格的功能
1)名词性物主代词在句中可用作主语，表语，宾语和介词短语。
我们的国家是一个新的且强壮的国家。
Eg:Ours is a new and strong country.(主语)
This house is hers .(表语)这个房子是她的。
My bike is broken, may I use yours.(宾语我的自行车坏了，我可以用你的吗 (作介词短语)
我的奶奶住在我们的楼上。My grandma lives upstairs, above ours .
2)名词性物主代词还可以与of连用，表部分概念。
Eg: This is a photo of mine
这是我的一张照片。(强调所有照片中的一张)
三、
（一）可数名词单复数变化形式：
单数变复数，规则要记住。一般词尾加s，特殊变化有几处。
以ch,sh,s,x结尾，一般加上es。
以辅音字母加y结尾，先把 y变i，再加es。
单词若以0结尾，除了两人和两菜，词尾要加es，其余一般加s.
单词结尾是f/fe，先把f/fe变为ve，最后加上s。
还有单词没规则，需要特殊来记忆、
bag-bags pen-pens watch-watches box-boxes
family-families hobby-hobbies hero-heroes potato-potatoes Photos zoos
wife-wives leaf-leaves child-children man-men people-people foot-feet
四
(一)现在进行时
1.现在进行时用法
(1)表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。
Eg: Lily is reading a book now.丽丽现在正在读一本书。
(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。
Eg:They are studying hard this term.他们这学期正在努力学习。
(3)go,come,leave,arrive,start 等动词 ,用现在进行时表示将来。
Eg: The bus is coming.公共汽车来了。
2.现在进行时结构
肯定式:主语 +am/is/are + 动词现在分词 + 其他
否定式:主语 +am/is/are +not+动词现在分词 +其他
一般疑问式am/is/are + 主语 +动词现在分词 + 其他
特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句
动词现在分词变化规则
(1)直接加-ing; Eg:go--going:see--seeing
(2)将不发音e去掉，再加-ing Eg:take--taking;live--living
(3)在重读闭音节中(单词中只有一个元音，元音后只有一个辅音)，双写结尾字母加-ing
Eg:shop--shopping;run--running
4.现在进行时时间标志词
当句子中有以下时间标志词是，句子通常用现在进行时。这类词有:now,right now,at present,at the moment, these days, when, while, Look!; Listen!看!
Eg: Look! This boy is playing football.这个男孩正在踢足球。
My mum is cooking at the moment.我妈妈此刻正在做饭。
五
一、不定冠词不定冠词有a和an两种形式，用于单数名词前，表示微弱的“一”的概念，用来泛指某物或某人，但并不强调数量。a用于辅音音素开头的名词前，an用于元音音素开头的名词前。例如:an hour/a university
二、定冠词the用法
1.指上文已经提到的人或事物
2特指某人或某物:The boy under the tree is Tom
3.用在序数词/最高级前:the first time / the best
4.用在形容词前，表示一类人:The young should
5.用在独一无二的事物前:the sun/the moon /the sky
6.用在姓氏复数前表示一家人:the Greens
7.用在弹奏乐器前:play the piano/violin
定冠词固定搭配：at the same time 同时at the age of 在...岁时by the way 顺便一提
三、情态动词 can
1.在表达“某人能做某事”时，一般可以用“can +动词原形”的结构。如果表达“某人不能做某事时，可以在 can 的后面加 not，其中 can't = can not.
eg：I can play football.我会踢球。
Dick can’t speak English.迪克不会说英语。
2.can 是情态动词，没有人称和数的变化:
eg：Da ming can ride a bike but he can’t drive a car.大明会骑车但他不会开车。
3.如果是询问某人能不能做某事，将 can 提至句首即可
eg：—Can you speak Chinese 你会说英语吗
—肯定回答: Yes,I can.—否定回答: No,I can't
4.特殊疑问句结构: 特殊疑问词 +can + 主语 + do
eg：— What can you do 你会做什么 —I can sing and dance .我会唱歌跳舞。
六
(一) 数词
基数词
1）1-- 12 都有各自具有的特殊形式。one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight, mine, ten.eleven, twelve
基数词
2）13- 19 都以-teen 结尾。thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen, nineteen
3）20- 90 的整十位基数词都以-ty 结尾。twenty,thirty,forty,fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety
4）21-99 之间的基数词除整数十位之外，其余都是在整十位数后加上从1-9 的基数词，且中间有连字符。
5）百位数字的表达法:“基数词+hundred+and+ 整十位数词+连字符+个位数”
6）英语中数词单位有:hundred百;thousand千;million百万;billion 十亿。
主代词、名词所有格等限定词，则不加 the。
英语中每三位数为一个隔断，从右到左分别为thousand，million,在表达时可每三位数字后加数词单位即可。
序数词
1.1-3的序数词形式特殊，是first(第一),second(第二),third(第三)
2.4--19 之间的序数词的构成方式实在基数词后加-th,但有四个拼写有变化:fifth(第五);eighth(第八);ninth( 第九);twelfth( 第十二).
Eg:eighteen--eighteenth(八)
3.以-ty 结尾的整十位数序数词将y变为 i，再加 eth。
Eg:thirty--thirtieth,sixty --sixtieth
4.21 以上的多位序数词，只将末尾数变为序数词，前面的其他数位不变。Eg:fifty-five--fifty-fifth;(第五十五);
one hundred and sixty -eight —one hundred and sixty—eighth(第一百六十八)
序数词用法:
1)表示顺序时，序数词前面必须加 the，其后接单数名词:
Eg:The second picture is Lily’s.第二章图片是丽丽的。
2)序数词前若有形容词物。
（二）一般现在时
1.用法:
(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或现在存在的状态
(2)表示人的性格、能力、特征或爱好等。
(3)表示客观真理或普遍事实:
2.句式:(1)肯定句:主语 + 动词原形 + 其它
Eg:I often go to school at 7:00.我经常七点去上学。
(2)否定句:主语 + don't+ 动词原形 + 其它
Eg: 它们每天早上不唱歌
They don't sing every morning.
(3)一般疑问句:Do+ 主语 + 动词原形 +其它
肯定回答:Yes，主语 +do.
否定回答:No,主语 + don't.
Eg: 他们放学后踢足球吗
—Do they play football after school
—Yes, they do./ No, they don't.
(4)特殊疑问句:疑问词 +do+ 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它
Eg: 你想做什么 What do you want to do
3.在一般现在时的句子中，行为动词前不能有 be 动词
4.do 除了作助动词，还可用作行为动词，译为“做”，变否定句时，不能再实义动词 do 后加 not,要在前加 don't。
Eg:I don't do homework on Sundays.我周日不做作业。
当句子的主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词也要使用第三人称单数形式，即“主语 + 动词三单+ 其它”;回答以 does 开头的问句时，答语仍要用 does 或其否定形式 doesn't，不可使用其它助动词或行为动词。
5.动词三单形式变化规则
(1)一般情况下加-s;Eg:work--works;
(2)以s,x,ch,sh,结尾，加-es ;Eg:finish --finishes;
(3)以辅音字母 +y 结尾，变y为i加 es;Eg:carry--carries
(4)以 o结尾，且 o前为辅音，加 es;Eg:go--goes;
6.特殊疑问句结构:
(1)特殊词 + 助动词(do/ does)+ 主语 + 行为动词原形 + 其它(疑问词在其中不作主语)
Eg: How do you save the document 你如何保存文档
(2)疑问词 + 行为动词的第三人称单数 + 其它(疑问词在句中作主语)
Eg:Who cooks breakfast for him 谁为他做早饭
7.常用的疑问词
问地点:where问人物:who问事物或事件:what问方式:how问原因:why问哪个:which
问具体时刻:what time问多少:how much/ how many问哪种:what kind of
问时间: when
(三)现在进行时
1.用法:1）表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作。
2）表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2.构成:主语 +be 动词 + 动词现在分词
动词现在分词变化规则:
1.一般情况下，直接加 ing 般疑问句:Are they talking on the phone 他们在打电话吗
肯定句回答:Yes, they are.否定句回答:No, they aren't.
特殊疑问句:What are they doing
注意:表示位移动词，如1eave,move，go,come 等，常用现在进行时，表示动作将要发生，而不表示动作正在进行。
Eg:My family is moving to Beijing next month.我的家人下个月要搬到北京了!
4.现在进行时时间标志词:
now(现在)，at the/ this moment(此时此刻)，Look!(看)， Listen!( 听)等
Eg:I am doing my homework now.我现在正在做作业。
They are listening to music at the moment .此刻他们正在听音乐。
Listen!Someone is singing in the next door.听!有人在隔壁唱歌。Eg：work--working
2.以不发音的e结尾，去e加 ing Eg:take --taking
3.在重读闭音节，双写末尾字母加ing Eg:stop--stopping
4.以ie 结尾的动词变ie 为y加 ing Eg:die--dying ;lie --lying
3.现在进行时的句型变化:
肯定句:They are talking on the phone.他们正在打电话
否定句:They aren't talking on the phone.他们没有在打电话。
单项选择
（一）
1.Our class has a new student. Let me ________ him to you.
invent
introduce
join
D．Invite
2.You ________ a teacher. I ________ a student. My sister ________ a student, too.
A.am; is; are
B．is; are; am
C．are; am; is
D．are; is; is
3.—How do you feel about the summer camp
—Great! I make friends ________ students from all over the world.
at
of
with
D．To
4.This postcard has no ________ on it. We don’t know where it is from.
name
address
date
D．greeting
5.It’s good for teachers to ________ their students about their homework.
be afraid of
be good with
be friendly to
D．be strict with
6.I often help my mother ________ housework.
does
did
do
D．Doing
7.—Sandy, how will Tom come to the party
—He________ drive his car, but I’m not sure.
must
can
may
D．Should
8. Linda Mary good friends.
A.Both;of;is
B.Both;and;is
C.Both;of;are
D.Both;and;are
9.He needs _________ a dictionary in the store.
buy
buying
buys
D．to buy
10.—What do you often do in your spare time
—I like playing __________ chess with my grandparents.
a
the
/
D.an
11.She is Chinese, .
too
B.also
C.as well
D.either
12.She is happy the game.
A.pass
B.passing
C.to pass
D.to passing
13.—How old is Tony？—He is .
A.four years old
B.four year old
C.four—years—old
D.four—year—old
（二）
1．—Are ________ Tom’s friend
—Yes, and ________ name is Lily .
you; I
B．you; my
C.he; my
D．he; I
2．What other things do you ________ Lin Hua’s family
A．live with
B．ride a bike
C．know about
D．clean up
3．She ________ the old in an old people’s home.
A．look at
B．looks at
C．look after
D．looks after
4．The boy often ________ a kite on Sunday in spring.
A．fly
B．flying
C．flies
D．flew
5．—________ she like music
—Yes. She ________ to play the piano.
Do; like
Does; like
Does; likes
D．Do; likes
6．Daisy’s aunt ________ much about art and she can help her a lot.
A．know
B．knows
C．will know
D．is knowing
7．Li Mei is my friend. ________ is 11 and ________ English name is Alice.
A．Her; she
B．She; her
C．Her ;her
D．She; she
8．My cousin with his parents ________ 3 days ________ in Shanghai. They all love the city.
A．spend; to travel
B．spend; travelling
C．spends; to travel
D．spends; travelling
9．—__________ does your father look like
—He is tall and has short hair.
How
What
C．Which
D．Who|
10．—Give this book __________ Maria, please. —OK.
A．for
B．to
C．at
D．in
11.There five people in my
A. are, home
B.is, home
C.are, family
D.is; family
12.Three-fifths of the teachers in our school are ________.
man teacher
men teachers
woman teachers
D．women teacher
13. Jenny always ________ her teeth after breakfast.
brush
B．brushes C．Brushing
14..Peter is a black hat today.
A. put on
B.in
C.dress
D.wear
15.We’ll have to tie ________ to our beds.
A．us
B．we
C．ours
D．ourselves
16.My father has a new ________. He says that he has much ________ to do every day.
job; job
B．work; work
C．job; work
D．work; job
17.The boy ________ off a horse yesterday and he is now _________.
fell; in the hospital
B．fell; in hospital
failed; in hospital
felt; in the hospital
（三）
1．—What are these —They are ________.
A．tomato plants
B．baby chicken
C．apples trees
D．baby goose
2．My sister is good at ________.
A．draw
B．draws
C．drawing
D．to draw
3．—What are you doing now
—I’m ________ my homework.
do
B．does
C．doing
D．to do
4．—Is your school life interesting
—________ I like my school.
Yes, it is.
B．Yes, it does.
C．No, it isn’t.
D．No, it doesn’t.
5．I like reading books ________ it can make me learn a lot.
A．because
but
C．or
D．and
6．—How many classes do you have in the morning
—We have ________.
three class
three classes
third class
D．third classes
7．—You look strong and healthy. ________ do you do sport
—I’m a fan of ball games, and I ________ play volleyball after school every day.
How much; often
How long; seldom
How often; usually
D．How often; never
8．I have some ________ and an ________ for breakfast.
A．egg; bread
B．eggs; bread
C．bread; egg
D．bread; eggs
9．—What animals can you see on the farm
—I can see some ________.
rabbit
duck
sheep
D．cow
10．I want ________ some friends. I’d like to tell you some ________ about me first.
A．to make; information
B．to make; informations
C．make; information
D．make; informations
（四）
1.It is a ________ day. Let’s go to have a picnic!
A．sun
B．sunny
C．rainy
D．rain
2.—________ fine weather it is! Shall we go for a picnic
—I can’t agree more.
What a
What
How
D．How a
3.It rained yesterday
A big
B. large
C.heavy
D. heavily
4.Linda and her mother are talking ______.
by the phone
B．in the phone
C．at the phone
D．on the phone
5.The boy wishes his parents him to the zoo.
A. take
B. taking
C. to take
D. to taking
6.—Mr. Black, ______ was the parents’ meeting
—It wasn’t too long, about one hour.
how far
B．how long
C．how much
7.Cycling is ________ outdoor activity. Young people like ________ activity very much.
the; a
the; an
a; the
an; the
（五）
1．This is ________ eraser and that’s ________ baseball.
A．an, a
B．a, an
C．an, an
D．a, a
2．It’s a ________ that he passed the exam without studying.
A．wonder
B．surprise
C．miracle
D．magic
3．Elephants are mainly found in ________.
A．deserts
B．grasslands
C．rainforests
D．mountains
4．We must not ________ the trees in the forest.
A．cut down
B．cut off
C．cut up
D．cut out
5．—What do you think of nature
—I think it’s very ________.
beautiful
beautifully
beauty
D．beautify
6．The flowers in the garden ________ very sweet.
A．smell
B．smells
C．smelling
D．are smelling
7．There are ________ stars in the sky at night.
A．too much
B．much too
C．too many
D．many too
8．—How is the weather today
—It’s ________. The sun is shining.
rainy
cloudy
sunny
D．snowy
9．—Let’s go for a walk in the park.
—________
Thank you.
You’re welcome.
C．That’s a good idea.
D．OK, I will.
（六）
1．There are ________ people at the party.
A．much
B．many
C．a lot
D．a little
2．—Happy birthday to you!
—________.
Thank you
B．You’re welcome
C．That’s all right
D．OK
3．They are ________ the room with colorful lights.
A．decorate
B．decorated
C．decorating
D．to decorate
4．—________ is your favorite festival
—I like Christmas best.
What
B．Who
C．Where
D．How
适当形式填空
（一）
1．We often ________ (play) games after school.
2．________ (I) name is Tom.
3．They ________ (be) good students.
4．He ________ (like) playing football.
5．She ________ (have) a lot of friends.
6．I ________ (be) from Canada.
7．He likes ________ (hike) with his parents.
8．Tom is 16 ________ (year) old.
9．The Chinese people are very ________ (friend).
（二）
1．These wonderful pictures are from those French ________. (art)
2．I ________ (not like) history. It’s boring.
3．________ (listen) to music is my hobby.
4．She ________ (have) a new book.
5．We often ________ (do) our homework in the evening.
6．Helen has 14 ________ (sheep).
7．They have 3 ________ (baby).
8．There ________ (be) many students in the classroom.
9．I am busy this week because I have many important ________ (meet).
10．They ________ (play) football after school.
（三）
1．In western countries, people eat with ________ (knife) and forks.
2．On her 12th birthday, Kitty got a lot of special ________ (present) from her friends
3．The suits for these ________ (gentleman) look really cool.
4．My dream is to be a doctor and save ________ (life).
5．I often go to one of the ________ (restaurant) in the shopping mall.
6．Kitty often goes to the museum ________ a month. (two)
7．We’d better brush our ________ twice a day. (tooth)
8．One of the ______ (dance) is his daughter.
9．She likes reading English ________ (story) at the desk and she can speak English well.
10．One of the ________ dogs is searching the forest for something important. (policeman)
（四）
1．The teacher asks Tom ________ the book to the office. (bring)
2．Listen, the girls ________ English songs in the classroom. (sing)
3．There are two ________ about the students’ reading habits. (report)
4．Mary ________ she can go to the concert with her parents. (wish)
5．The weather is cool and ________ (cloud), just right for walking.
6．Today is Sunday. Look, people ________ (exercise) happily in Olympic Sports Park.
7．Lily keeps ________ (study) without a break.
8．It is ________ (importance) to eat ________ (health) food in our daily life.
9．The farmer ________ (feed) the chickens and milks the cows every day.|
10．She goes shopping for some warm ________ (cloth) to wear in the winter.
（五）
1．The leaves begin to ________ (fall) when autumn comes.
2．It’s no ________ (wonder) that the children love to visit the zoo.
3．The students are ________ (plant) trees in the school garden.
4．The ________ (top) of the mountain is covered with snow.
5．It’s important for us to ________ (protect) the environment.
6．The climate in the Sahara Desert is very ________ (different) from that in the Amazon rainforest.
7．The Amazon rainforest is one of the most important ________ (nature) environments in the world.
8．The bridge ________ (cross) the river.
9．I often ________ (go) to the park to enjoy the grassland.
（六）
1．My sister ________ (decorate) her room with flowers yesterday.
2．Look! They ________ (sing) a song for the celebration.
3．There ________ (be) many balloons at the birthday party.
4．He ________ (give) me a special gift last year.
5．________ (this) are the photos of our celebration.
6．She ________ (like) to receive presents on her birthday.
7．We ________ (have) a big party for my birthday next week.
8．Women’s Day is on the ________ (eight) day of March.
9．I like the number “8” best, because it sounds like “fa” in Chinese, and it stands for good ________ (lucky).
10．We can watch the ________ (wonder) program on TV this summer.
【答案】
一、
（一）1-9BCCBD CCDDC ACA
（二）1-5 BCCCC6-10 BBDBB CBBBD CB
（三）1-5ACCAA 6-10 BCCCA
（四）1-7 BBDDCBD
（五）1-5 AACAA 6-9 ACCC
（六）1-4 BACA
二、
（一）1.play2.My3.are4.likes5.has6.am7.hiking8.years10.friendly
（二）1.artists 2.don’t like 3.Listening 4.has 5.do 6.sheep 7.babies 8.are 9.meeting 10.play
（三）1.knives 2.present 3.gentlemen 4.lives 5.restaurants 6.twice 7.teeth 8.dancers 9.stories 10.policemen
（四）1.to bring 2.are singing 3.reports 4.wishes 5.cloudy 6.are exercising 7.studying 8.important 9.feeds 10.clothes
（五）
1.fall 2.wonderful 3.planting 4.top 5.protect 6.different 7.natural 8.crosses 9.go
（六）
1.decorating 2.are singing 3.are 4.gave 5.These 6.likes 7.will have 8.eighth 9.luck 10.wonderful
