上海市崇明区2025届高三上学期一模 英语试卷（含答案）
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| 名称 | 上海市崇明区2025届高三上学期一模 英语试卷（含答案） |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-12-14 15:47:49 | ||
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2024学年第一学期高三第一次模拟考试
英语
（考试时间105分钟，满分115分。请将答案填涂在答题纸上）
I. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Report: Harmful Waste Creation Set to Increase
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) said in a report that public waste creation will greatly increase by 2050. The rise will cause hundreds of billions of dollars of damage through biodiversity loss, climate change, and deadly pollution, UNEP reports.
UNEP’s Global Waste Management Outlook 2024 says worldwide waste creation would greatly increase (1) _____ governments take urgent preventative measures.
Damage (2) _____ (cause) by the growing waste would account for about $443 billion of the total cost.
The report, called Beyond an Age of Waste: Turning Rubbish into a Resource, (3) _____ (release) during the U.N. Environment Assembly in Kenya early this week. The writers argue that humanity (4) _____ (move) backwards over the past ten years. They say humans are creating more waste, more pollution, and more climate changing gases.
Waste prevention measures and improved waste treatment could reduce those costs, the report said. But it notes, there are major barriers (5) _____ such reforms.
Negotiators are working toward an agreement (6) _____ (deal) with the especially damaging and dangerous pollution from plastics. They are beginning a fourth round of talks in April. UNEP Executive Director Inger Andersen said she is hopeful they will complete the agreement by the end of this year.
Environmentalists and fossil fuel (化石燃料) producers continue to disagree about the terms of the agreement. They especially dispute (7) _____ the deal should center on reducing plastics production or increasing recycling and reuse.
“There is an interest, especially among the countries (8) _____ are producing raw polymer (聚合物), but as I keep telling them, this is not an anti-plastic agreement,” Andersen told the reporters, (9) _____ (note) there would still be a need for plastics in vehicles and medical equipment.
Andersen said (10) _____ she hopes is that no groups would work to block progress on the agreement, but instead “find a way forward that actually takes into account the fact that we are drowning in plastic.”
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. appealing B. attainable C. basically D. dramatically E. freedom F. kicks
G. minimum H. prioritizes I. submits J. underlying K. withdrawal
FIRE Movement: Financial Independence, Retire Early
Many Americans are taking early retirement into their own hands by joining the FIRE movement, but it’s not for everyone.
“Financial Independence, Retire Early” (FIRE) is a lifestyle movement that 11 extreme saving and investing to be able to retire earlier than traditional methods might allow. The goal of FIRE is to achieve financial 12 so investors can choose how to spend their time.
“The concept of the movement is 13 having the financial flexibility to have the ultimate life flexibility,” says Rachael Burns, a financial planner at True Worth Financial Planning, based in Folsom, California.
A NerdWallet survey found that of Americans who aren’t retired yet but plan to retire, 25% want to retire before age 50 and 18% want to retire in their 50s. The average age was 57, 10 years earlier than the full retirement age to get Social Security.
People who use FIRE to retire early do so by 14 reducing their expenses, looking for ways to increase their income, and investing the money they save in a mix of tax-advantaged accounts as well as regular brokerage (佣金) accounts.
Retiring early might sound 15 , but there are risks, and it’s not for everyone. For instance, if you stop working, you’ll have to be responsible for your own medical expenses until Medicare 16
in around age 65, and your investments may not perform as well as you thought. Either one of those situations could have consequences such as having to raise your 17 rate or needing to re-enter the workforce. FIRE also requires cutting down expenses to the bare 18 so you have more income to invest, which not everyone can afford.
“FIRE is a long-term strategy, and you can’t be too reactive to short-term economic events,” Burns said. “You may need to adjust spending or saving in certain years based on market events, but the 19
strategy should stay the same.”
If you don’t earn enough to cover your basic needs and save greatly for early retirement at the same time, FIRE may not be for you, Burns says. Lacking an emergency fund or owing high-interest debt may be other reasons that FIRE may not be 20 .
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Administrators of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, are trying to harmonize tourists’ exploration of the site with the need to safeguard the murals (壁画), through innovative measures.
Sandstorms, rainfall and tourist visits constitute the most severe 21 to the UNESCO World Heritage Site, said Wang Xiaowei, director of the Dunhuang Grottoes Monitoring Center at the Dunhuang Academy. Since the Mogao Caves opened to the public in 1979, the number of visitors has been 22 at an average annual rate of around 20 percent, reaching 2.15 million in 2019. “If you enter the caves during the 23 tourism months of July, August and September, you’ll find it hard to breathe,” Wang said. The carbon dioxide and moisture (潮气) breathed out by visitors increase inside the caves and cause damage to the murals, Wang said.
To preserve the caves, the duration of visits is 24 and sometimes stopped during rain or dust storms. To ensure visitors aren’t 25 when restrictions are in place, the center provides a digital exhibition, he said. Currently, the center is being 26 to accommodate an additional 3,000 visitors on top of the existing capacity of 6,000.
The Dunhuang Academy began 27 recording and storing images of murals and painted sculptures over 30 years ago. The digitization project has successfully 28 over 200 caves, with a dedicated team of 110 experts currently undertaking the work. “Digital technology not only serves cultural tourism but also 29 a historical record for future generations,” said Ding Xiaosheng, deputy director of the Institute of Cultural Heritage Digitization at the academy. Digitization also brings the wonders of the Mogao Caves to a 30 audience, according to Su Bomin, head of the Dunhuang Academy. “The Mogao Caves are 31 , and transporting them is impossible,” Su said. “However, with digitization, we can perfectly copy Dunhuang art exactly and show it worldwide, introducing Eastern culture to the world.”
In 2016, the Digital Dunhuang went live, sharing high-definition images and 32 tours of the most beautiful 30 caves globally. Currently, visitors from 78 countries have 33 the murals, totaling over 16.8 million visits.
Su said Dunhuang can 34 diverse cultural exchanges through its cultural relics (遗迹). “By digitizing these relics, we enable people worldwide to understand Dunhuang’s culture, thereby gaining a deeper appreciation for China’s historical 35 to diverse cultural exchanges — that is, an idea of inclusivity, mutual learning and a shared future,” he said.
21. A. shortages B. restrictions C. contributions D. threats
22. A. doubling B. growing C. continuing D. varying
23. A. cultural B. previous C. peak D. commercial
24. A. limited B. extended C. publicized D. concealed
25. A. confused B. amazed C. scared D. disappointed
26. A. expanded B. constructed C. decorated D. repaired
27. A. exclusively B. digitally C. subjectively D. autonomously
28. A. clarified B. highlighted C. covered D. strategized
29. A. comes across B. turns over C. leaves behind D. lets alone
30. A. global B. professional C. technological D. different
31. A. complicated B. irreproducible C. controversial D. immovable
32. A. virtual B. temporary C. conventional D. steady
33. A. imitated B. accessed C. praised D. purchased
34. A. reject B. provide C. adjust D. classify
35. A. adaptation B. attention C. admission D. commitment
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
（A）
The Pulitzers are American awards given within the United States for outstanding achievement in journalism as well as books, drama and music. Under these headings, there are 22 categories including online journalism, newspaper reporting, fiction, history, music, drama, poetry, photography and more. Recipients can be a news organization, an individual or a group of people.
Each of the first 21 winners receives a $15,000 cash prize and a certificate. The twenty-second prize, however, is the Public Service Prize, which is always given to a news agency. Instead of cash, the news organization receives the Pulitzer Gold Medal. The name of the year’s winner is on one side of the coin and the year is on the other. All winners are honored and awarded their prizes at an annual lunch party. The event takes place at Columbia University, which was originally tasked with administering the award, and usually occurs in May.
If it hadn’t been for a Hungarian-American named Joseph Pulitzer, the awards would never have come into existence. Pulitzer was born into a wealthy family in Hungary in 1847. He made his way to America and built a career in journalism. He developed a reputation as an ambitious and energetic young journalist. By 1872 Pulitzer had become a publisher, and six years later he owned a newspaper company. In 1883 he purchased yet another newspaper. He became known as someone who was not afraid to take a public stand against corruption (腐败).
After a successful career in journalism, seven years before his death, Pulitzer wrote a will, leaving $2,000,000 to Columbia University. The money was to establish a school of journalism at Columbia and a set of awards. Pulitzer’s desire was to raise the standards of journalism. He hoped the prize would act as a stimulus for journalists to work for excellence — then and into the future.
Faithfully following Pulitzer’s instructions, Columbia University awarded the very first Pulitzer Prizes in 1917. Today these awards are considered some of the most distinguished prizes in America.
36. What can be known about the Pulitzers
A.Their recipients all get cash prizes. B. There are 21 winners each year.
C. They are awarded worldwide. D. They go beyond journalism.
37. It can be inferred from the passage that Joseph Pulitzer _____.
A. was humorous and courageous B. was raised up in a journalist’s family
C. had a strong sense of justice D. sought a goal of producing wealth
38. Pulitzer established the prizes mainly to _____.
A. facilitate better journalism B. diversify ways of access to journalism
C. support Columbia University D. stimulate people to become journalists
39. Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A. Pulitzer Prizes: Joseph Pulitzer’s Lifetime Ambition
B. Pulitzer Prizes: Some of America’s Greatest Honors
C. Pulitzer Prizes: Awards for Distinguished Journalists
D. Pulitzer Prizes: Annual Events at Columbia University
（B）
Winter storms create a higher risk of car accidents, hypothermia (体温过低), frostbite, and carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Winter storms can bring extreme cold, freezing rain, snow, ice and high winds.
IF YOU ARE UNDER A WINTER STORM WARNING, FIND SHELTER RIGHT AWAY
Winter Storm Warning Issued when hazardous winter weather in the form of heavy snow or heavy freezing rain is upcoming or occurring. Winter Storm Warnings are usually issued 12 to 24 hours before the event is expected to begin. Winter Weather Advisory Issued for accumulations (积聚) of snow and freezing rain which will cause significant inconveniences and, if measures are not taken, could lead to life-threatening situations. Preparing for Winter Weather Prepare your home to keep out the cold. Learn how to keep pipes from freezing. Install and test smoke alarms and carbon monoxide detectors with battery backups. Gather supplies in case you need to stay home for several days without power. Keep in mind each person’s specific needs, including medication. Remember the needs of your pets. Have extra batteries for radios and flashlights. In Case of Emergency Be prepared for winter weather at home, at work and in your car. Create an emergency supply kit for your car. Include sand, a flashlight, warm clothes, blankets, bottled water and snacks. Keep a full tank of gas.
Avoid carbon monoxide poisoning. Only use generators and grills (烤架) outdoors and away from windows. Never heat your home with gas appliances.
Stay off roads if at all possible. If trapped in your car, then stay inside. Limit your time outside. If you need to go outside, then wear layers of warm clothing. Watch for signs of frostbite and hypothermia.
40. Which of the following pictures when clicked will most probably lead you to the above webpage
A. B.
C. D.
41. To get ready for winter weather, you should _____.
A. send your pets to animal shelters B. warm your home with gas appliances
C. remove pipes to prevent them freezing D. get necessities in case of life without power
42. _____ is a good way to stay safe during winter weather.
A. Trying to stay inside B. Driving a car when going out
C. Wearing water-proof clothes D. Using generators to keep warm
（C）
A recent groundbreaking study by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) forecasts massive financial damages due to climate change, projecting annual damages of about $38 trillion ($38 million million) by the year 2050. This figure highlights the severe economic challenges that lie ahead on a global scale, with the greatest impacts expected to burden the countries least responsible for greenhouse emissions (排放).
The economic damage, estimated between $19 trillion to $59 trillion by mid-century, primarily stems from increased temperatures and their subsequent impact on agriculture, labor productivity, and infrastructure (基础设施). The study also notes potential increases in costs due to more frequent and severe weather events, which are expected to become more common as global temperatures rise.
The findings reveal a disconcerting disparity: nations within the tropical (热带的) regions, which have contributed least to historical carbon emissions, are predicted to suffer income losses 60% greater than those in higher-income, higher-emission countries. This highlights a significant climate justice issue, as these least-developed nations possess fewer resources to adapt to increasing climate impacts.
Anders Levermann, head of complexity science at PIK and co-author of the study, emphasized the inequity and urgency of the situation. “Countries in the tropics will suffer the most because they are already warmer. Further temperature increases will therefore be most harmful there,” he explained. Levermann argues for a rapid structural shift towards renewable energy to ease these impacts and stabilize global temperatures.
When placed alongside other major climate impact forecasts, the PIK study stands out for its comprehensive data analysis and harsh projections. Previous studies have similarly highlighted the economic damages of climate change but lacked the extensive regional and specific insights this study provides.
The study strongly advocates for great and immediate reductions in greenhouse gas emissions to avoid the worst of these economic damages. It suggests that slowing climate change is not only a moral and environmental must but also economically advantageous, as the cost of inaction is far greater than the expenses associated with reducing global warming to manageable levels.
The socioeconomic consequences of such extensive economic losses could lead to heightened global inequality and potentially, social unrest. This projection stresses the importance of international cooperation in climate action plans and the development of fair policies that recognize and make up for the inequities faced by the less developed nations most affected by climate change.
43. Climate change will cause massive economic damage worldwide by 2050 mainly because _____.
A. the average world temperature will increase much faster than expected
B. rising temperatures will damage farming, infrastructure and productivity
C. big countries will experience economic crises due to more severe weather events
D. tropical regions are unprepared to adapt to the damages caused by climate change
44. By “a disconcerting disparity” in paragraph 4, the author means _____.
A. poor countries least responsible for emission will suffer most in economy
B. it is projected that people in tropical countries will earn 60% less by 2050
C. higher-income countries are reluctant to invest in slowing global warming
D. higher-emission countries are trying to justify their role in climate impacts
45. The PIK study arouses the public attention due to _____.
A. its rigid climate impact forecasts B. its overall statistics and the severity of its findings
C. its different approach to analyzing data D. its similar regional insights on economic damages
46. What does the PIK study imply
A. Fair policies should be established to avoid further rising of temperatures.
B. Reducing gas emissions will benefit the environment but harm the economy.
C. Inequality should be reduced through cooperation in fighting climate change.
D. Wealthy countries should bear the whole cost of coping with global warming.
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
One 7-minute block had people sitting in silence. In this case, the brain might be tuning into the music. The authors suggested it was evidence of music being more than a distraction from an unpleasant experience. And the most effective pain relievers were found to be sad songs detailing bittersweet and emotional experiences. Nevertheless, while our bodies still feel the pain, the messages to make our conscious mind perceive the pain may not be relayed. People who listened to bittersweet songs also reported more thrills (震颤感) and shivers (哆嗦) on the skin from listening to pleasurable music.
Certain Types of Music Could Help You Feel Less Pain, New Study Says
There is no doubt that music can calm the soul for some, and it turns out that it could also be a temporary reliever for physical pain.
Listening to favorite songs could reduce people’s perception of pain, according to a new study.
47
The small study invited 63 young adults to bring two of their favorite songs, and the only requirement was that they needed to be at least 3 minutes and 20 seconds long. One selection represented their favorite music of all time. The other was the song they would bring with them on a desert island. The researchers also had the young adults pick one of seven songs that the team considered relaxing and were unfamiliar to the study participants.
Each person underwent 7-minute blocks where they were instructed to stare at a monitor screen while listening to their favorite music, one of the seven relaxing instrumental songs (each of which lasted for 6 minutes and 40 seconds), or a scrambled (杂乱的) version of both songs and the relaxing song chosen. 48 All the while, the researchers stuck a hot object — similar to the pain of a boiling hot teacup on your skin — to the participants’ left inner forearms.
When rating their experiences, people were more likely to report feeling less pain when listening to their favorite songs compared with hearing the unfamiliar relaxing song or silence. The scrambled songs did not reduce pain either. 49
After interviewing the participants about the song they brought and their rating of pain, the researchers found people who listened to bittersweet and moving songs felt less pain than when they listened to songs with calming or cheerful themes.
50 This was associated with lower ratings of unpleasantness produced by the burning pain they felt in the experiment.
III. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
51. Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)
Most humans have some physical characteristics that they wish they could change, such as a facial feature or extra fat. Many people can comfortably live with these characteristics, but for some, their negative body image significantly affects their daily lives. The latter group are said to have body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). They find some common aspects, including the face or stomach, impossible to accept.
People with BDD often try to alter these features by exercising, changing their hairstyle, using skin care products or even getting plastic surgery. Or they may try to hide the features under clothing or makeup. They may look at mirrors constantly or avoid them altogether. They may ask others for reassurance (安慰) that they look OK but not believe that reassurance when it comes. People with BDD sometimes pick at their skin or constantly comb (梳) their hair; at its worst, BDD can lead people to consider or attempt suicide.
BDD is often not diagnosed until 10 to 15 years after it develops, largely because it takes time for people to realize their feelings are not normal. But early detection makes a significant difference in quality of life as it allows people to take measures to prevent BDD from getting worse. The primary treatment for BDD is therapy, which often involves teaching the patient to challenge negative thoughts as they come. Some doctors may also prescribe antidepressants (开抗抑郁药). Plastic surgery is not effective at making people with BDD feel better. In fact, the changes in appearance brought about by surgery often compound the problem.
If someone you know has BDD, assuring them that they look good will probably not help. Instead, listen patiently and encourage them to seek treatment. And if you think you have BDD, consult a doctor or a trusted friend. The earlier the problem is addressed, the better.
IV. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 这位老人虽无儿无女，但侄女一直在精心照料着他的起居。(care)
53. 无论在人生的哪个阶段，能为所追求的目标努力奋斗就是件幸福的事情。(stage)
54. 对于失业者来说，重要的是保持积极的心态，不断学习，提升自己在就业市场上的竞争力。(matter)
55. 他们知道这个机会来之不易，因此，他们通力合作，创新思路，决心把家乡建设成以智慧农业为核心的示范村。(resolve)
V. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
56. 假设你是明启中学高三学生徐晶，近期你居住的社区打算在社区微信平台上开展一个“和谐社区”的短视频展评活动，并要求配上介绍。你对该活动很感兴趣，写一篇短文作为你参展短视频的介绍，内容须包括：
你参展短视频的名称和内容；
你选择这些内容的理由。
注：邮件中不得透露你的真实信息。
参考答案及评分标准（总分：115分）
I. Grammar and Vocabulary（每小题1分。共20分。）
1. unless 2. caused 3. was released 4. has moved/has been moving 5. to
6. to deal 7. whether 8. that/which 9. noting 10. what
11. H 12. E 13. C 14. D 15. A 16. F 17. K 18. G 19. J 20. B
II. Reading Comprehension（第41至55小题，每题1分；第56至70小题，每题2分。共45分。）
21. D 22. B 23. C 24. A 25.D 26. A 27. B 28. C 29.C 30. A
31. D 32.A 33. B 34. B 35. D 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. D
41. D 42. A 43. B 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. D 48. A 49. C 50. F
III. Summary Writing（共10分。）
51. BDD is a condition where people can’t accept their negative physical features. It can lead to extreme behaviors and affect their life. However, BDD is hard to diagnose, but early detection and treatment is crucial, involving therapy and medication, rather than plastic surgery. Therefore, anyone with BDD is advised to seek treatment as early as possible. (56 words)
评分标准：
档次 内容 语言
A 5 5
B 4 4
C 3 3
D 2 2
E 1 1
F 0 0
1. 本题总分为10分, 其中内容5分, 语言5分。
2. 评分时应注意的主要方面: 内容要点、信息呈现的连贯性和准确性。
3. 词数超过60，酌情扣分。
各档次给分要求:
内容部分：
A. 能准确、全面地概括文章主旨大意，并涵盖主要信息。
B. 能准确概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏个别主要信息。
C. 能概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏部分主要信息。
D. 未能准确概括文章主旨大意，遗漏较多主要信息或留有过多细节信息。
E. 几乎不能概括文章的主旨大意，未涉及文中有意义的相关信息。
F. 完全未作答或作答与本题无关。
语言部分：
A. 能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。
B. 能用自己的语言较连贯、正确地表述，但有个别语言错误。
C. 基本能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述，但连贯性较差，且有少量不影响表意的语言错误。
D. 基本能用自己的语言表述，但连贯性较差，且严重语言错误较多。
E. 几乎不能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。
F. 完全未作答或作答与本题无关。
IV. Translation（第72至第73小题，每题3分；第74小题4分；第75小题5分。共15分。）
52. The old man has no children, but his niece has been taking good care of his daily life. (1+2)
53. Whatever stage of life you are at, it is a happy thing to be able to work hard for the goal you pursue. (1+2)
54. For the unemployed, what matters is to keep a positive attitude and keep learning to improve their competitiveness in the job market. (1.5+1.5+1)
55. They know that this opportunity doesn’t come easy, so they work together, innovate and resolve to build their hometown into a model village with intelligent agriculture at its core. (1+1+3)
翻译评分标准：
1．在每题中，单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误累计每两处扣1分。
2．语法错误每处扣1分。每句同类语法错误不重复扣分。
3．译文没有用所给单词，扣1分。
V. Guided Writing（共25分）
评分标准：
档次 内容 语言 组织结构
A 9-10 9-10 5-4
B 7-8 7-8 3
C 5-6 5-6 2
D 3-4 3-4 1
E 1-2 1-2 0
F 0 0 0
1. 本题总分为25分，其中内容10分，语言10分，组织结构5分。
2. 评分时应注意的主要方面：内容要点，应用词汇和语法结构的数量和正确性及上下文的连贯性。
3. 评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后对照相应的组织结构档次给予加分。其中，内容和语言两部分相加，得15分或以上者，可考虑加4-5分，15分以下者只能考虑加0，1，2，3分。
4. 词数少于 70，总分最多不超过10分。
英语
（考试时间105分钟，满分115分。请将答案填涂在答题纸上）
I. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Report: Harmful Waste Creation Set to Increase
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) said in a report that public waste creation will greatly increase by 2050. The rise will cause hundreds of billions of dollars of damage through biodiversity loss, climate change, and deadly pollution, UNEP reports.
UNEP’s Global Waste Management Outlook 2024 says worldwide waste creation would greatly increase (1) _____ governments take urgent preventative measures.
Damage (2) _____ (cause) by the growing waste would account for about $443 billion of the total cost.
The report, called Beyond an Age of Waste: Turning Rubbish into a Resource, (3) _____ (release) during the U.N. Environment Assembly in Kenya early this week. The writers argue that humanity (4) _____ (move) backwards over the past ten years. They say humans are creating more waste, more pollution, and more climate changing gases.
Waste prevention measures and improved waste treatment could reduce those costs, the report said. But it notes, there are major barriers (5) _____ such reforms.
Negotiators are working toward an agreement (6) _____ (deal) with the especially damaging and dangerous pollution from plastics. They are beginning a fourth round of talks in April. UNEP Executive Director Inger Andersen said she is hopeful they will complete the agreement by the end of this year.
Environmentalists and fossil fuel (化石燃料) producers continue to disagree about the terms of the agreement. They especially dispute (7) _____ the deal should center on reducing plastics production or increasing recycling and reuse.
“There is an interest, especially among the countries (8) _____ are producing raw polymer (聚合物), but as I keep telling them, this is not an anti-plastic agreement,” Andersen told the reporters, (9) _____ (note) there would still be a need for plastics in vehicles and medical equipment.
Andersen said (10) _____ she hopes is that no groups would work to block progress on the agreement, but instead “find a way forward that actually takes into account the fact that we are drowning in plastic.”
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. appealing B. attainable C. basically D. dramatically E. freedom F. kicks
G. minimum H. prioritizes I. submits J. underlying K. withdrawal
FIRE Movement: Financial Independence, Retire Early
Many Americans are taking early retirement into their own hands by joining the FIRE movement, but it’s not for everyone.
“Financial Independence, Retire Early” (FIRE) is a lifestyle movement that 11 extreme saving and investing to be able to retire earlier than traditional methods might allow. The goal of FIRE is to achieve financial 12 so investors can choose how to spend their time.
“The concept of the movement is 13 having the financial flexibility to have the ultimate life flexibility,” says Rachael Burns, a financial planner at True Worth Financial Planning, based in Folsom, California.
A NerdWallet survey found that of Americans who aren’t retired yet but plan to retire, 25% want to retire before age 50 and 18% want to retire in their 50s. The average age was 57, 10 years earlier than the full retirement age to get Social Security.
People who use FIRE to retire early do so by 14 reducing their expenses, looking for ways to increase their income, and investing the money they save in a mix of tax-advantaged accounts as well as regular brokerage (佣金) accounts.
Retiring early might sound 15 , but there are risks, and it’s not for everyone. For instance, if you stop working, you’ll have to be responsible for your own medical expenses until Medicare 16
in around age 65, and your investments may not perform as well as you thought. Either one of those situations could have consequences such as having to raise your 17 rate or needing to re-enter the workforce. FIRE also requires cutting down expenses to the bare 18 so you have more income to invest, which not everyone can afford.
“FIRE is a long-term strategy, and you can’t be too reactive to short-term economic events,” Burns said. “You may need to adjust spending or saving in certain years based on market events, but the 19
strategy should stay the same.”
If you don’t earn enough to cover your basic needs and save greatly for early retirement at the same time, FIRE may not be for you, Burns says. Lacking an emergency fund or owing high-interest debt may be other reasons that FIRE may not be 20 .
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Administrators of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, are trying to harmonize tourists’ exploration of the site with the need to safeguard the murals (壁画), through innovative measures.
Sandstorms, rainfall and tourist visits constitute the most severe 21 to the UNESCO World Heritage Site, said Wang Xiaowei, director of the Dunhuang Grottoes Monitoring Center at the Dunhuang Academy. Since the Mogao Caves opened to the public in 1979, the number of visitors has been 22 at an average annual rate of around 20 percent, reaching 2.15 million in 2019. “If you enter the caves during the 23 tourism months of July, August and September, you’ll find it hard to breathe,” Wang said. The carbon dioxide and moisture (潮气) breathed out by visitors increase inside the caves and cause damage to the murals, Wang said.
To preserve the caves, the duration of visits is 24 and sometimes stopped during rain or dust storms. To ensure visitors aren’t 25 when restrictions are in place, the center provides a digital exhibition, he said. Currently, the center is being 26 to accommodate an additional 3,000 visitors on top of the existing capacity of 6,000.
The Dunhuang Academy began 27 recording and storing images of murals and painted sculptures over 30 years ago. The digitization project has successfully 28 over 200 caves, with a dedicated team of 110 experts currently undertaking the work. “Digital technology not only serves cultural tourism but also 29 a historical record for future generations,” said Ding Xiaosheng, deputy director of the Institute of Cultural Heritage Digitization at the academy. Digitization also brings the wonders of the Mogao Caves to a 30 audience, according to Su Bomin, head of the Dunhuang Academy. “The Mogao Caves are 31 , and transporting them is impossible,” Su said. “However, with digitization, we can perfectly copy Dunhuang art exactly and show it worldwide, introducing Eastern culture to the world.”
In 2016, the Digital Dunhuang went live, sharing high-definition images and 32 tours of the most beautiful 30 caves globally. Currently, visitors from 78 countries have 33 the murals, totaling over 16.8 million visits.
Su said Dunhuang can 34 diverse cultural exchanges through its cultural relics (遗迹). “By digitizing these relics, we enable people worldwide to understand Dunhuang’s culture, thereby gaining a deeper appreciation for China’s historical 35 to diverse cultural exchanges — that is, an idea of inclusivity, mutual learning and a shared future,” he said.
21. A. shortages B. restrictions C. contributions D. threats
22. A. doubling B. growing C. continuing D. varying
23. A. cultural B. previous C. peak D. commercial
24. A. limited B. extended C. publicized D. concealed
25. A. confused B. amazed C. scared D. disappointed
26. A. expanded B. constructed C. decorated D. repaired
27. A. exclusively B. digitally C. subjectively D. autonomously
28. A. clarified B. highlighted C. covered D. strategized
29. A. comes across B. turns over C. leaves behind D. lets alone
30. A. global B. professional C. technological D. different
31. A. complicated B. irreproducible C. controversial D. immovable
32. A. virtual B. temporary C. conventional D. steady
33. A. imitated B. accessed C. praised D. purchased
34. A. reject B. provide C. adjust D. classify
35. A. adaptation B. attention C. admission D. commitment
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
（A）
The Pulitzers are American awards given within the United States for outstanding achievement in journalism as well as books, drama and music. Under these headings, there are 22 categories including online journalism, newspaper reporting, fiction, history, music, drama, poetry, photography and more. Recipients can be a news organization, an individual or a group of people.
Each of the first 21 winners receives a $15,000 cash prize and a certificate. The twenty-second prize, however, is the Public Service Prize, which is always given to a news agency. Instead of cash, the news organization receives the Pulitzer Gold Medal. The name of the year’s winner is on one side of the coin and the year is on the other. All winners are honored and awarded their prizes at an annual lunch party. The event takes place at Columbia University, which was originally tasked with administering the award, and usually occurs in May.
If it hadn’t been for a Hungarian-American named Joseph Pulitzer, the awards would never have come into existence. Pulitzer was born into a wealthy family in Hungary in 1847. He made his way to America and built a career in journalism. He developed a reputation as an ambitious and energetic young journalist. By 1872 Pulitzer had become a publisher, and six years later he owned a newspaper company. In 1883 he purchased yet another newspaper. He became known as someone who was not afraid to take a public stand against corruption (腐败).
After a successful career in journalism, seven years before his death, Pulitzer wrote a will, leaving $2,000,000 to Columbia University. The money was to establish a school of journalism at Columbia and a set of awards. Pulitzer’s desire was to raise the standards of journalism. He hoped the prize would act as a stimulus for journalists to work for excellence — then and into the future.
Faithfully following Pulitzer’s instructions, Columbia University awarded the very first Pulitzer Prizes in 1917. Today these awards are considered some of the most distinguished prizes in America.
36. What can be known about the Pulitzers
A.Their recipients all get cash prizes. B. There are 21 winners each year.
C. They are awarded worldwide. D. They go beyond journalism.
37. It can be inferred from the passage that Joseph Pulitzer _____.
A. was humorous and courageous B. was raised up in a journalist’s family
C. had a strong sense of justice D. sought a goal of producing wealth
38. Pulitzer established the prizes mainly to _____.
A. facilitate better journalism B. diversify ways of access to journalism
C. support Columbia University D. stimulate people to become journalists
39. Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A. Pulitzer Prizes: Joseph Pulitzer’s Lifetime Ambition
B. Pulitzer Prizes: Some of America’s Greatest Honors
C. Pulitzer Prizes: Awards for Distinguished Journalists
D. Pulitzer Prizes: Annual Events at Columbia University
（B）
Winter storms create a higher risk of car accidents, hypothermia (体温过低), frostbite, and carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Winter storms can bring extreme cold, freezing rain, snow, ice and high winds.
IF YOU ARE UNDER A WINTER STORM WARNING, FIND SHELTER RIGHT AWAY
Winter Storm Warning Issued when hazardous winter weather in the form of heavy snow or heavy freezing rain is upcoming or occurring. Winter Storm Warnings are usually issued 12 to 24 hours before the event is expected to begin. Winter Weather Advisory Issued for accumulations (积聚) of snow and freezing rain which will cause significant inconveniences and, if measures are not taken, could lead to life-threatening situations. Preparing for Winter Weather Prepare your home to keep out the cold. Learn how to keep pipes from freezing. Install and test smoke alarms and carbon monoxide detectors with battery backups. Gather supplies in case you need to stay home for several days without power. Keep in mind each person’s specific needs, including medication. Remember the needs of your pets. Have extra batteries for radios and flashlights. In Case of Emergency Be prepared for winter weather at home, at work and in your car. Create an emergency supply kit for your car. Include sand, a flashlight, warm clothes, blankets, bottled water and snacks. Keep a full tank of gas.
Avoid carbon monoxide poisoning. Only use generators and grills (烤架) outdoors and away from windows. Never heat your home with gas appliances.
Stay off roads if at all possible. If trapped in your car, then stay inside. Limit your time outside. If you need to go outside, then wear layers of warm clothing. Watch for signs of frostbite and hypothermia.
40. Which of the following pictures when clicked will most probably lead you to the above webpage
A. B.
C. D.
41. To get ready for winter weather, you should _____.
A. send your pets to animal shelters B. warm your home with gas appliances
C. remove pipes to prevent them freezing D. get necessities in case of life without power
42. _____ is a good way to stay safe during winter weather.
A. Trying to stay inside B. Driving a car when going out
C. Wearing water-proof clothes D. Using generators to keep warm
（C）
A recent groundbreaking study by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) forecasts massive financial damages due to climate change, projecting annual damages of about $38 trillion ($38 million million) by the year 2050. This figure highlights the severe economic challenges that lie ahead on a global scale, with the greatest impacts expected to burden the countries least responsible for greenhouse emissions (排放).
The economic damage, estimated between $19 trillion to $59 trillion by mid-century, primarily stems from increased temperatures and their subsequent impact on agriculture, labor productivity, and infrastructure (基础设施). The study also notes potential increases in costs due to more frequent and severe weather events, which are expected to become more common as global temperatures rise.
The findings reveal a disconcerting disparity: nations within the tropical (热带的) regions, which have contributed least to historical carbon emissions, are predicted to suffer income losses 60% greater than those in higher-income, higher-emission countries. This highlights a significant climate justice issue, as these least-developed nations possess fewer resources to adapt to increasing climate impacts.
Anders Levermann, head of complexity science at PIK and co-author of the study, emphasized the inequity and urgency of the situation. “Countries in the tropics will suffer the most because they are already warmer. Further temperature increases will therefore be most harmful there,” he explained. Levermann argues for a rapid structural shift towards renewable energy to ease these impacts and stabilize global temperatures.
When placed alongside other major climate impact forecasts, the PIK study stands out for its comprehensive data analysis and harsh projections. Previous studies have similarly highlighted the economic damages of climate change but lacked the extensive regional and specific insights this study provides.
The study strongly advocates for great and immediate reductions in greenhouse gas emissions to avoid the worst of these economic damages. It suggests that slowing climate change is not only a moral and environmental must but also economically advantageous, as the cost of inaction is far greater than the expenses associated with reducing global warming to manageable levels.
The socioeconomic consequences of such extensive economic losses could lead to heightened global inequality and potentially, social unrest. This projection stresses the importance of international cooperation in climate action plans and the development of fair policies that recognize and make up for the inequities faced by the less developed nations most affected by climate change.
43. Climate change will cause massive economic damage worldwide by 2050 mainly because _____.
A. the average world temperature will increase much faster than expected
B. rising temperatures will damage farming, infrastructure and productivity
C. big countries will experience economic crises due to more severe weather events
D. tropical regions are unprepared to adapt to the damages caused by climate change
44. By “a disconcerting disparity” in paragraph 4, the author means _____.
A. poor countries least responsible for emission will suffer most in economy
B. it is projected that people in tropical countries will earn 60% less by 2050
C. higher-income countries are reluctant to invest in slowing global warming
D. higher-emission countries are trying to justify their role in climate impacts
45. The PIK study arouses the public attention due to _____.
A. its rigid climate impact forecasts B. its overall statistics and the severity of its findings
C. its different approach to analyzing data D. its similar regional insights on economic damages
46. What does the PIK study imply
A. Fair policies should be established to avoid further rising of temperatures.
B. Reducing gas emissions will benefit the environment but harm the economy.
C. Inequality should be reduced through cooperation in fighting climate change.
D. Wealthy countries should bear the whole cost of coping with global warming.
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
One 7-minute block had people sitting in silence. In this case, the brain might be tuning into the music. The authors suggested it was evidence of music being more than a distraction from an unpleasant experience. And the most effective pain relievers were found to be sad songs detailing bittersweet and emotional experiences. Nevertheless, while our bodies still feel the pain, the messages to make our conscious mind perceive the pain may not be relayed. People who listened to bittersweet songs also reported more thrills (震颤感) and shivers (哆嗦) on the skin from listening to pleasurable music.
Certain Types of Music Could Help You Feel Less Pain, New Study Says
There is no doubt that music can calm the soul for some, and it turns out that it could also be a temporary reliever for physical pain.
Listening to favorite songs could reduce people’s perception of pain, according to a new study.
47
The small study invited 63 young adults to bring two of their favorite songs, and the only requirement was that they needed to be at least 3 minutes and 20 seconds long. One selection represented their favorite music of all time. The other was the song they would bring with them on a desert island. The researchers also had the young adults pick one of seven songs that the team considered relaxing and were unfamiliar to the study participants.
Each person underwent 7-minute blocks where they were instructed to stare at a monitor screen while listening to their favorite music, one of the seven relaxing instrumental songs (each of which lasted for 6 minutes and 40 seconds), or a scrambled (杂乱的) version of both songs and the relaxing song chosen. 48 All the while, the researchers stuck a hot object — similar to the pain of a boiling hot teacup on your skin — to the participants’ left inner forearms.
When rating their experiences, people were more likely to report feeling less pain when listening to their favorite songs compared with hearing the unfamiliar relaxing song or silence. The scrambled songs did not reduce pain either. 49
After interviewing the participants about the song they brought and their rating of pain, the researchers found people who listened to bittersweet and moving songs felt less pain than when they listened to songs with calming or cheerful themes.
50 This was associated with lower ratings of unpleasantness produced by the burning pain they felt in the experiment.
III. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
51. Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)
Most humans have some physical characteristics that they wish they could change, such as a facial feature or extra fat. Many people can comfortably live with these characteristics, but for some, their negative body image significantly affects their daily lives. The latter group are said to have body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). They find some common aspects, including the face or stomach, impossible to accept.
People with BDD often try to alter these features by exercising, changing their hairstyle, using skin care products or even getting plastic surgery. Or they may try to hide the features under clothing or makeup. They may look at mirrors constantly or avoid them altogether. They may ask others for reassurance (安慰) that they look OK but not believe that reassurance when it comes. People with BDD sometimes pick at their skin or constantly comb (梳) their hair; at its worst, BDD can lead people to consider or attempt suicide.
BDD is often not diagnosed until 10 to 15 years after it develops, largely because it takes time for people to realize their feelings are not normal. But early detection makes a significant difference in quality of life as it allows people to take measures to prevent BDD from getting worse. The primary treatment for BDD is therapy, which often involves teaching the patient to challenge negative thoughts as they come. Some doctors may also prescribe antidepressants (开抗抑郁药). Plastic surgery is not effective at making people with BDD feel better. In fact, the changes in appearance brought about by surgery often compound the problem.
If someone you know has BDD, assuring them that they look good will probably not help. Instead, listen patiently and encourage them to seek treatment. And if you think you have BDD, consult a doctor or a trusted friend. The earlier the problem is addressed, the better.
IV. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 这位老人虽无儿无女，但侄女一直在精心照料着他的起居。(care)
53. 无论在人生的哪个阶段，能为所追求的目标努力奋斗就是件幸福的事情。(stage)
54. 对于失业者来说，重要的是保持积极的心态，不断学习，提升自己在就业市场上的竞争力。(matter)
55. 他们知道这个机会来之不易，因此，他们通力合作，创新思路，决心把家乡建设成以智慧农业为核心的示范村。(resolve)
V. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
56. 假设你是明启中学高三学生徐晶，近期你居住的社区打算在社区微信平台上开展一个“和谐社区”的短视频展评活动，并要求配上介绍。你对该活动很感兴趣，写一篇短文作为你参展短视频的介绍，内容须包括：
你参展短视频的名称和内容；
你选择这些内容的理由。
注：邮件中不得透露你的真实信息。
参考答案及评分标准（总分：115分）
I. Grammar and Vocabulary（每小题1分。共20分。）
1. unless 2. caused 3. was released 4. has moved/has been moving 5. to
6. to deal 7. whether 8. that/which 9. noting 10. what
11. H 12. E 13. C 14. D 15. A 16. F 17. K 18. G 19. J 20. B
II. Reading Comprehension（第41至55小题，每题1分；第56至70小题，每题2分。共45分。）
21. D 22. B 23. C 24. A 25.D 26. A 27. B 28. C 29.C 30. A
31. D 32.A 33. B 34. B 35. D 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. D
41. D 42. A 43. B 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. D 48. A 49. C 50. F
III. Summary Writing（共10分。）
51. BDD is a condition where people can’t accept their negative physical features. It can lead to extreme behaviors and affect their life. However, BDD is hard to diagnose, but early detection and treatment is crucial, involving therapy and medication, rather than plastic surgery. Therefore, anyone with BDD is advised to seek treatment as early as possible. (56 words)
评分标准：
档次 内容 语言
A 5 5
B 4 4
C 3 3
D 2 2
E 1 1
F 0 0
1. 本题总分为10分, 其中内容5分, 语言5分。
2. 评分时应注意的主要方面: 内容要点、信息呈现的连贯性和准确性。
3. 词数超过60，酌情扣分。
各档次给分要求:
内容部分：
A. 能准确、全面地概括文章主旨大意，并涵盖主要信息。
B. 能准确概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏个别主要信息。
C. 能概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏部分主要信息。
D. 未能准确概括文章主旨大意，遗漏较多主要信息或留有过多细节信息。
E. 几乎不能概括文章的主旨大意，未涉及文中有意义的相关信息。
F. 完全未作答或作答与本题无关。
语言部分：
A. 能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。
B. 能用自己的语言较连贯、正确地表述，但有个别语言错误。
C. 基本能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述，但连贯性较差，且有少量不影响表意的语言错误。
D. 基本能用自己的语言表述，但连贯性较差，且严重语言错误较多。
E. 几乎不能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。
F. 完全未作答或作答与本题无关。
IV. Translation（第72至第73小题，每题3分；第74小题4分；第75小题5分。共15分。）
52. The old man has no children, but his niece has been taking good care of his daily life. (1+2)
53. Whatever stage of life you are at, it is a happy thing to be able to work hard for the goal you pursue. (1+2)
54. For the unemployed, what matters is to keep a positive attitude and keep learning to improve their competitiveness in the job market. (1.5+1.5+1)
55. They know that this opportunity doesn’t come easy, so they work together, innovate and resolve to build their hometown into a model village with intelligent agriculture at its core. (1+1+3)
翻译评分标准：
1．在每题中，单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误累计每两处扣1分。
2．语法错误每处扣1分。每句同类语法错误不重复扣分。
3．译文没有用所给单词，扣1分。
V. Guided Writing（共25分）
评分标准：
档次 内容 语言 组织结构
A 9-10 9-10 5-4
B 7-8 7-8 3
C 5-6 5-6 2
D 3-4 3-4 1
E 1-2 1-2 0
F 0 0 0
1. 本题总分为25分，其中内容10分，语言10分，组织结构5分。
2. 评分时应注意的主要方面：内容要点，应用词汇和语法结构的数量和正确性及上下文的连贯性。
3. 评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后对照相应的组织结构档次给予加分。其中，内容和语言两部分相加，得15分或以上者，可考虑加4-5分，15分以下者只能考虑加0，1，2，3分。
4. 词数少于 70，总分最多不超过10分。
同课章节目录