选修七Unit3 Under the Sea-Grammar 精品课件（共35张PPT）

课件35张PPT。Under the seaUnit 31. Master the grammar.
2. Use the correct form of the passive of V-ing form.1. The passive of V-ing form
2. Help the students to use the passive infinitive correctly in different situations.The Passive V-ing form
(V-ing 形式的被动式)当动词V-ing form 的逻辑主语与其是被动关系时，V-ing form 要用被动语态。其构成形式：
(not) being done
(not) having been doneReview the V-ing form
(V-ing form 的构成)V-ing 形式由 “do＋ing” 构成；否定形式是 ：
“not doing”；
V-ing 可以带宾语或状语构成 V-ing 短语；
没有人称和数的变化；
有时态和语态的变化。(not) doing(not) being done(not)
having done(not)
having been doneV-ing 形式的各种时态和语态一般式完成式主动语态被动语态 V-ing 可作主语、宾语、表语、 定语、状语和宾语补足语，但不能单独作谓语。
V-ing 形式表示的动作与主要动词同时发生或发生在主要动词之后，用其一般式; V-ing 形式表示的动作在主要动词之前发生，用其完成式，在具体应用中也常以一般式代替完成式。主动语态作主语:Swimming is good for health.
游泳对健康有益。
Raising your hat to a lady is good 　　　　　　　　 manners.
　 对一位女士脱帽致敬是礼貌的。作表语:Teaching is learning . 教学相长。
My hobby is making model planes.
　 我的嗜好是做模型飞机。Review & Practice1. V-ing形式和不定式都可表示比较抽象的一般性的行为；而表示具体的某次动作，尤其是将来的动作时，多用不定式。
To obey / Obeying the law is everyone’s duty.
2. V-ing形式和不定式都要有对称性;当主语是不定式时，表语也用不定式；反之，当主语是 V-ing 形式时，表语也用 V-ing 形式 To see is to believe.
Seeing is believing.主动语态V-ing 形式与现在分词作表语的区别: V-ing形式作表语相当于名词，主语和表语的位置可以调换；
现在分词作表语相当于形容词，不可与主语调换位置。My job is teaching.(表语和主语可以互换)
= Teaching is my job.
比较：My job is interesting.
(表语和主语不可以互换，逻辑上不成立。)在 “It’s no use / good…” 等以 it 作形式主语的结构中，用V-ing，不用不定式作主语。
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。It 作形式主语的结构中: V-ing 形式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语。
We would appreciate hearing from you．
我们会珍惜你的来信。
The child was saved from drowning by the lifeguard.
小孩子被救生员救起，免于溺水。作宾语: avoid, admit, appreciate, complete, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, avoid, stand, excuse, mind, give up, put off, feel like, can’t help, insist on, devote … to, get down to…, lead to,… object to…, pay attention to…, look forward to…, be used to…, stick to…, prefer…to… 在上述动词或动词短语后只接 V-ing形式作宾语。 He escaped being hurt in the accident.
他在车祸中没有受伤。
在begin, continue, start, attempt, intend, dislike, plan, fear, hate, like, love, prefer, can’t stand可接V+ ing或不定式作宾语，意义无大区别。 Everyone hates waiting / to wait for a bus.
每个人都讨厌等车。
The traffic continued moving / to move slowly.
车辆依然移动得很缓慢。 在remember, forget, regret 等动词后接 V-ing 或不定式作宾语时意义不同。后接 V-ing 形式作宾语表示宾语已经发生的动作，接不定式作宾语表示尚未发生的动作。另有：try doing… 试着干
try to do… 企图干be worth doing 值得做
This book is worth reading.
这本书值得看。mean to do… 打算……
mean doing… 意味着……
stop doing… 停止干……
stop to do… 停下来去做……
go on doing…
继续干……（同一件事）
go on to do…
继续干…… （另一件事） I will remember to mail the letter.
我会记住寄信。
I will remember mailing the letter.
我记得已把信寄出。remember to do…remember doing…记住要做……记得做过…… I don’t mean to cheat him.
我不想骗他。
In some parts of London, missing a bus means waiting for another hour.
在伦敦的某些地方，错过一辆公共汽车意味着再等一个小时。mean to do…mean doing…当 want, need, require 作“需要”解, be worth 作“值得”解时，后接V-ing的主动形式作宾语，表示被动意义。 want, need, require 也可接不定式的被动式作宾语。
His car wants repairing (to be repaired).
他的汽车需要修理。allow, advise, forbid, permit等动词后直接跟所有格及动词作宾语时，要用V-ing形式；如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再跟宾语补足语（即构成复合宾语），其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。
I don’t allow his swimming here.
I don’t allow him to swim here.
我不允许他在此地游泳。I’d like/love/prefer后只接不定式作宾语。
I would like to have a single room with a bath.
　 我想要有浴室的单人房。
Little Jim would love to be taken to the theatre this evening.
　小吉姆今晚愿被带到戏院去看戏。（被动式）现在修建的发电站将是埃及最大的发电站之一.The power station being built now will be one of the largest in Egypt.她坚持被派给最苦的工作. She insisted on being given the hardest task.（被动式）（被动式）They regret not having been able to inform you of the fact.(之前)Having done 表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作 之前。Having been done 表示的被动动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。被邀请后，李先生去参加了会议。Having been invited, Mr. Li went to attend the meeting.他们后悔没能告诉您这个事实。（被动式）（被动式）I appreciate having been given the chance to study abroad two years ago. Being laughed at in public is a terrible experience.我很感激两年前被给予了去国外学习的机会。Being killed by sharks was a common thing.（被动式）（被动式）在大庭广众之下被嘲笑是一个很可怕的经历。被鲨鱼咬死是一件很常见的事。（被动式）Do you remember having been taken to Beijing at the age of ten?He wouldn't come without being invited.你还记得十岁时被带去北京吗?Being killed by sharks was a common thing.（被动式）（被动式）若不被邀请，他是不会来的。(without)被鲨鱼咬死是一件很常见的事。（被动式）I noticed some people being taken to the police station.The meeting being held now is very important.我注意到一些人被带到了警察局。The hotel being built now beside the park was designed by a group of young men. （被动式）（被动式）此时正在举行的会议很重要。正在建在公园旁边的宾馆是一群年轻人设计的。（被动式）_____ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones’ skin.
A. Exposed B. Having exposed
C. Being exposed D. After being exposed2. He has always insisted on his ______ Dr. Tuner instead of Mr. Turner.
A. been called B. being called
C. having called D. calledPractice
3. No one can prevent the plan _____.
A. from carrying out B. to be carried out
C. being carried out D. to carry out4. The bird was lucky that it just missed ___.
A. catching B. being caught
C. to be caught D. to catch5. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ____ into buying something they don’t really need.
A. to persuade B. persuading
C. being persuaded D. be persuaded6. The well was found ____ when we got there.
A. digging B. to be dug
C. to dig D. being dug7. Most of the artists ____ to the party were from South Africa.
A. invited B. to invite
C. being invited D. had been invited8. The secretary worked late into the night,
___a long speech for the president.
being prepared B. preparing
C. having been prepared D. prepared9. She is shy. She is not used to _____ in front of others.
A. praise B. praising
C. being praised D. be praised10. _____ in a heavy traffic jam in a taxi while you are hurrying to the airport is quite an unpleasant experience.
A. Having caught B. Being caught
C. Caught D. Having been caught1. _________ (turn) to the right, you will find the place you want .
2. ___________ (ask) to put on performance, she refused.
3. _______________ (finish) his work, Henry went home.
4. ________ (learn) new words is useful.TurningBeing asked Having finished LearningFill in the blacks5. He disliked _________________ (interrupt)
in his experiment.
6. I apologize for ___________________
(not, wait) for you.
7. ___________________ (not, receive) an
answer, I wrote to him again.
8. ____________________ (give) such
a good chance, you should catch it.being interrupted not having waited Not having received Having been given9. I didn’t mind ___________ (leave) at home.
10. The house wants _________ (clean).
11. He came in without ___________ (ask).
12. __________________ (show) around
the library, we were taken to see
the lab.being leftcleaningbeing askedHaving been shown1. Review the grammar.
2. Finish all of the Grammar exercises on your books.
3. Prepare the passage, A New Dimension of Life.