《高分突破》2016年广东中考英语课件：中考题型解读（8份打包）

课件2张PPT。 中考题型解读第一节 英语听说（新题型）
广州中考高分突破 英语听说是2016年广州中考的新题型，是老师教学和学生学习的难点,由于需要听说设备的辅助,在平时的学习的时候会有一些障碍,针对这种情况,我们特地将英语听说单独出来,作为专项训练,具体内容请详见本书随书赠送的《英语听说模拟演练》。第一节 英语听说（新题型） 课件8张PPT。 中考题型解读第七节 完成句子
广州中考高分突破题型突破
一、题型分析
完成句子主要侧重于考查考生对课本中出现的常用句型、词组、宾语从句以及状语从句等知识的应用能力。翻译的材料均为句子,以填空的形式进行考查,对考生的考查属于应用层次的考查。考生在做本题型时必须做到：
1.译文不仅要正确表达原文的意思,而且要尽量保持原文的风格；
2.译文必须通顺流畅,符合语言规范。
二、复习方法
复习期间应把初中阶段的课文反复朗读,甚至背熟；对每个单元的复习要点、常用短语、句型及词汇表的词语应极为熟悉,并尽可能运用它们造句；将所学语法知识进行总结归纳。平时做作业、考试养成检查的习惯,培养自己沉着、认真、细致的心理素质。
三、解题方法
想要在本题取得高分,必须分三步走：一对比,二分析,三检查。首先,一定要认真对比题目中的英语和汉语句子,并确定用正确的英语句型来表达题目所要求的汉语意思,这是很关键的一步。其次,认真分析句子成分,确定其时态和语态(如：该用过去时、现在时、完成时,还是将来时该用主动语态还是被动语态),并决定所用词的正确形式(如：一定要注意所填名词的单复数、所填动词的时态和人称)。名词的单复数和动词的形式是中考改卷时给分的重点考量因素。最后检查,看看所填答案是否通顺、完整,所填的词是否准确。真题导航
一、(2015广州)完成句子(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分)
根据所给的汉语内容,用英语完成下列句子。(每空限填一词)
71.现在越来越多的外国人对中国文化感兴趣了。
Now more and more foreigners__________ __________ __________ Chinese culture.
72.根据奶奶的建议，这汤应该煮上两个小时以上。
The soup__________ __________ __________ for more than two hours according to grandma. interestedare/becomeinbeshouldcooked73.我桌子上的钥匙不见了，不知谁拿走了。
The key on my desk is gone.I wonder_________ __________ it away.
74.这部电影真乏味啊！我都快睡着了。
__________ __________ __________ movie it was! I almost fell asleep.
75.如果你现在不出发，你就会错过末班车。
__________ you don’t leave now,you_________ __________ the final bus. tookwhoboringaWhatmiss Ifwill 二、(2014广州)完成句子(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分)
根据所给的汉语内容,用英语完成下列句子。(每空限填一词)
71.长大后我想成为一名英语教师。
I want to be an English teacher when I ________ _________.
72.呆在家里,直到你妈妈回来。
Stay in your house__________ your mother __________ __________.
73.你们自己算出了这道数学题。多么聪明的孩子啊！growupuntil/tillcomesbackYou’ve worked out the maths problem yourselves.__________ ___________________ children you are!
74.为了进一步美化校园,下个月会在学校种很多树。
Next month many trees__________ __________ __________in our school to make it more beautiful.
75.我们计划去北京,但还没决定何时去。
We are planning to go to Beijing,but we haven’t decided__________ __________ __________. Whatclever/smart/brightplantedwillbewhenstart/leaveto课件76张PPT。 中考题型解读第三节 完形填空
广州中考高分突破题型突破
完形填空是近年来广州市英语中考一直采用的一种综合性很强的测试题型,主要考查考生的语言综合运用能力。完形填空涉及的知识面广,灵活性较高,它不仅能测试考生的英语知识水平和对所学的知识的综合运用能力,而且能反映出考生的阅读理解能力,分析判断能力和逻辑推理能力。完形填空通常选用一篇200~250个单词的
短文,给出10个空格,每空1分。
完形填空与语法选择不同。语法选择侧重考查某个词在具体语言环境里的不同形式,而完形填空主要考查在具体的语言环境里用不同的词,侧重于词与词之间的意思的区别。完形填空要求考生既要运用自己所学过的词汇、习惯用语、固定搭配、语法、句法等基础知识理解每个句子,又要处理好句子与句子之间以及句子与全文之间的内在联系。主要测试考生在具体语言环境中对文章的篇章结构、中心思想、推理判断、词语辨析、习惯用法或固定搭配等方面的能力,以及对所学英语知识的综合运用能力、快速阅读理解能力和逻辑推理判断能力等,因而该题型能较全面
地反映考生对所学知识的掌握程度。完形填空的主要考点包括：
(1)名词、代词、介词、连词；
(2)引导宾语从句、状语从句、关系从句的连词；
(3)非谓语动词；
(4)词语辨析及动词短语、时态；
(5)习惯用法或固定搭配。
从近几年的广州市中考试题看来,完形填空越来越强调对上下文以及通篇文章的理解。解题技巧
要做好完形填空,必须掌握一定的解题方法和技巧,才能尽量做到在有能力得分的题上不丢分。完形填空解题步骤是：通览——试填——复核。
1.通览——速读全文,把握大意。
快速阅读一下全文,通过通览全文、领会大意,概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等。
2.试填——紧扣文意,瞻前顾后。
先易后难,逐层深入。紧扣全文内容,联系上下文和语境,展开逻辑推理,注意从上下文中寻找线索,注意从词数的意义、搭配、惯用法、语法、常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。
3.复核——全面检查,确保语意连贯,用词准确。
试填后,要把全文再通读一遍,注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应。
解题技巧有：
1.充分利用文章的上下文和前后句,找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。
2.注意固定搭配,包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等,同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。 3.注意同义词的辨义。
4.根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项。
有时,选项中所给的四个词为表示上下文逻辑关系的连接性词语,它涉及到文章的起承转合、上下连贯。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解,如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系,以及对比关系等。
5.根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项。真题分析
一、(2015广州)完形填空(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从36~45各题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项。
Kierman was born in Sydney,Australia,and grew up near the sea.For more than 40 years,
he raced in international sailing competitions.
In 1987,Kierman was competing in an around
the world race when he began to______the huge amount of rubbish in the world’s oceans.When he returned to Australia,he ____to do something about it.
He organized a community____ called
“Clean Up Sydney Harbour”. On Sunday,
January8th,1989,more than 40,000 volunteers came out to _______away rubbish.The next year,Kierman made the clean up a national event.It was a huge____________.Across Australia,about 300,000 people spent the day
improving their local __________.
Since then,“Clean Up Australia” has got
__________every year.In 2002,for example,
800,000 people cleaned up almost 15000 tonsof rubbish from Australia’s beaches,parks and streets.
Kierman was ________with the success of his project.In 2003,he started an even bigger program.With the __________of the United Nations Environment Program,he introduced “Clean Up the World”,an international program that supports communities around the world in cleaning up and protecting the environment.
“Clean Up the World” has grown ________and his wonderful idea has now spread from one
city to the whole world.( )36.A.save B.collect
C.notice D.produce
( )37.A.refused B.decided
C.pretended D.stopped
( )38.A.law B.party
C.company D.event
( )39.A.clear B.send
C.turn D.give
( )40.A.problem B.success
C.surprise D.failure
( )41.A.culture B.project
C.government D.environmentCBDABD( )42.A.older B.smaller
C.bigger D.faster
( )43.A.happy B.angry
C.disappointed D.concerned
( )44.A.need B.help
C.hope D.action
( )45.A.loudly B.gently
C.rapidly D.busilyCABC【答案与解析】澳大利亚人Kierman在一次国际帆船比赛中发现海洋上有大量垃圾，于是他发起倡议，与志愿者们义务清理垃圾，保护环境。这项事业从国内做到国际，越做越大。
36.C
解析：考查的是动词辨析和上下文理解。save表示“节约、拯救”， notice表示“注意”，collect 表示“收集”，produce表示“生产”。根据下文，可知道“当他从澳大利亚回来的时候，他决定做一些事情解决海洋垃圾问题”，所以在他参加比赛时应是“注意”到海上有很多垃圾，因此选C。 37.B
解析：考查的是词组辨析。refuse to表示“拒绝做”，decide to表示“决定做”， pretend to表示“假装做”，stop to表示“停下来去做另一件事”。从下文“他发起一个清理垃圾的社区活动”可知选decide to。
38.D
解析：考查的是名词辨析和上下文理解。根据下文第三段“Kierman made the clean?up a national event”，Kierman把这个清洁活动变成一个全国性的活动”，可知他刚开始组织的是一个“社区活动”，因此选event表示“活动”。 39.A
解析：考查动词词组。clear away表示“清理”，send away表示“发送、遣散”， turn away表示 “拒绝、离开”，give away表示“捐赠”。根据上文“他组织了一个叫做‘清理悉尼海湾’的活动”可知这些人应该是出来“清理垃圾”，因此选clear away。
40.B
解析：考查名词和上下文。文中讲到许多人参加这个活动清理垃圾，应该是获得巨大成功，因此选B。
41.D
解析：考查名词和上下文。根据上文可知，许多人参加这个活动清理垃圾，应该是“改善当地环境”，因此，此处应该填 environment 表示环境。
42.C
解析：考查上下文。1990年大约30万人参加这个活动，2002年有80万人参加，所以这个活动应该是“每年规模更大”，另外，下文第五段提到In 2003,he started an even bigger program，因此选bigger。
43.A
解析：考查形容词辨析。happy表示“高兴的”， angry表示“生气的”， disappointed表示“沮丧的”， concerned表示“担心的”。根据常识，活动获得成功应该是“高兴”，故选 happy 。
44.B
解析：考查词组。with the help of 表示“在……的帮助下”，无“with the need/hope/action of”的用法，因此选 help 。
45.C
解析：考查副词和上下文理解。loudly表示“大声地”， gently表示“温柔地”， rapidly表示“迅速地”， busily表示“忙碌地”。上文讲到每年参加清洁活动的人越来越多，下文讲到他的想法现在已经从一个城市发展到全世界，表明这个活动发展迅速，因此选rapidly。 二、(2014广州)完形填空(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从36~45各题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项。
One morning a fox was searching for his breakfast.He went down to the lake to______ some fish.Suddenly he saw a rabbit digging a hole on the bank of the lake and decided to eat it instead.Not wanting the rabbit to discover him,the fox moved_______towards his meal.As he got closer,he stepped on some dry leaves.
The rabbit then_______in fear.When he saw thefox,he started to shout.
“Quiet! Why do you rabbits shout so much?” asked the fox,slightly annoyed that he had lost
his _________.
“I am sorry,but you scared me.Your sharp teeth make me ________.”replied the rabbit.“But I don’t want to eat you”,lied the fox,“I am only here to help with your ________.I will be back
tomorrow and help you dig your hole.”
The next day,the fox returned to the _____.
There he saw a group of rabbits busily digging holes on the bank.He thought about catchingone.At that moment the rabbit he had met the day before started jumping up and down,making a ________ noise to warn his friends.All the rabbits and even the fish quickly________.The poor fox could not find anything to catch for food
and ended up _________ fruit.
( )36.A.catch B.buy C.smell D.cook
( )37.A.noisily B.silently C.confidently D.angrily
( )38.A.looked down B.looked away
C.turned off D.turned around
( )39.A.time B.place C.meal D.fish
( )40.A.sad B.excited C.nervous D.happyABDCC( )41.A.food B.work C.story D.friends
( )42.A.breakfast B.house C.lake D.mountain
( )43.A.loud B.low C.usual D.dangerous
( )44.A.returned B.shouted
C.entered D.disappeared
( )45.A.growing B.eating C.picking D.sellingBCADB【答案与解析】本文是一篇记叙文。一天早上，一只狐狸外出觅食，他想捕捉一只正在湖堤上打洞的兔子，没想到被兔子发现了。他欺骗兔子说是来帮忙打洞的。第二天他再次来到湖边，兔子发出警报给他的朋友们，最后狐狸只好用水果来作为早餐吃了。
36.A
解析：根据文章最后一句中的“could not find anything to catch for food”可知，他想去湖里捕鱼吃。故选A。
37.B
解析：根据上文“not wanting the rabbit todiscover him”可知，狐狸悄悄地靠近这只兔子。故选B。
38.D
解析：look down意为“俯视”；look away意为“不再看（某人或某物）”；turn off意为“关掉”；turn around意为“转身”。根据上文“...he stepped on some dry leaves”和下文“When he saw the fox．．．”可知，兔子是转过身来看到了狐狸。故选D。
39.C
解析：根据上文“and decided to eat it instead.”和“Why do you rabbits shout so much?”可知，狐狸因失去了一顿美餐而有点生气。故选C。
40.C
解析：根据上文“you scared me”可知，答案选C。
41.B
解析：根据下文“I will be back tomorrow and help you dig your hole.”可知，此处指帮他干活儿。故选B。
42.C
解析：根据上文“Suddenly he saw a rabbit digging a hole on the bank of the lake”和下文“on the bank”可知，狐狸第二天又回到湖边。故选C。43.A
解析：根据空格后的“noise to warn his friends”可知，这只兔子弄出很大的动静来警告他的同伴们。故选A。
44.D
解析：根据下文“The poor fox could not find anything to catch for food...”可知，所有的兔子和鱼都消失了。故选D。
45.B
解析：根据上文“The poor fox could not find anything to catch for food...”可知，最后他只好吃水果。故选B。 考情分析：完形填空主要考查词义的辨析和联系上下文得出答案。根据上下文得出答案需要我们读懂整篇文章,词义的辨析要求我们在平时掌握好各种容易混淆的单词或词组。下面我们列举了一些容易混淆的单词和词组的辨析,同学们要在平时要注意积累这些易混的单词和词组。
易混词辨析
一、易混名词辨析
1.cloth, clothes, clothing,dress
(1)cloth指“布”、“布料”。
(2)clothes指具体的衣服，包括内衣、外衣，不能与数词连用。
(3)clothing是服装的总称，包括内衣、外衣，还包括帽子、鞋袜、手套之类，只用单数，无复数
(4)dress作不可数名词时，指外衣，尤指社交场合穿的服装。作可数名词时，常指连衣裙。
练习:①a dish __________.
②I want to buy sports __________.clothclothes③Now people are all in their winter _________.
④She wore a blue __________last night.
2.dinner,meal
(1)dinner是指“正餐(午饭或晚饭)”或“宴会”。
(2)meal是指“一餐(一顿饭)”而言。
练习:①Let’s go and have __________together.
②What time do you usually have your _______?
3.sound, voice, noise
(1)sound“声音”，指耳朵能听到的各种声音，多作可数名词。
(2)voice“声音”，主要指人的声音。
(3)noise指“噪音”。 可以作可数名词，也可作不clothingdressdinnermeals可数名词，词组有:make a noise等。
练习:①I was waiting for the__________of the other shoe!
②The teacher said in a loud_________,“Please keep silent.”
③But every night he heard the _______ upstairs.
4.job，work
都可译为“工作”、“劳动”。job，work是常用词，其区别:job是可数名词，work是不可数名词。
练习:①She got a _________of washing clothes.
②It takes a lot of __________to build a building. soundvoicenoisejobwork5.person，people , man
这三个词有共同之处，都有“人”的意思，但也有不同之处。
(1)person是指“人”(男人或女人)，有单数形式，也有复数形式。
(2)people是复数形式，指“人民；人们”，不能指一个人。
(3)man专指“男人”也指“人类”(不用复数形式，不加冠词)。
练习:①Two __________ are waiting for you.
②He lived for the _____and died for the people.
③All __________must die.personspeoplemen6.problem，question
都可译为“问题”，但它们所含的意思并不相同。
(1)question一般是指等待回答的“问题；提问”。
(2)problem一般是指等待解决(solve)或决定(decide)的“问题；难题”。
练习:①May I ask some__________?
②That’s no ________.I can lend you my money.
7.table，desk
都可译为“桌子”，其区别:table通常用于吃饭，游乐等。desk用于读书或办公，并且大多附有抽屉，常被称为“书桌”、“课桌”、“办公桌”等。
练习:①We were at__________when he arrived. questionsproblemtable②There are many __________in the classroom.
8.floor，ground
两者都有“地面、地上”的含义。其区别:floor 一般指室内的地上、地板、地面，而ground常指室外的地面，也可泛指地球表面。
练习:①He was sitting on the __________ when I came in. ②The __________is wet now.It must have rained last night.
9.door，gate
都可译为“门”。其区别:
(1)door 一般指房子、房间、家具等的门，还可用于比喻意义。desksfloorground(2)gate指围墙、栅栏、篱笆等的开口处。
练习:①Close the __________ when you go out.
②He walked through the ______into the garden.
10.road，way, street
(1)road指“公路；马路”，指两侧之间可以通行人或车辆的大道。“在马路上”一般用on the road。“穿过马路”用cross the road(或go across the road)。
(2)way意为“路线；路途；方法”等，统指从一地到另一地的路途。常用固定词组有in this way(用这种方式)；on the way to(在去……的路上)；get in the way of(挡道)等。
doorgate(3)street表示“街道”,其两边有建筑物。“在街上”一般用in the street。“穿过街道”一般用go through the street。
练习:①Excuse me,can you tell me the________
to the post office?
②When he went home, he saw an old woman lying in the__________.
③The_______in this village is wider than before.
11.family, home
(1)family表示“家；家庭”，也可指全体家庭成员。(2)home意为“家”，带有眷恋等感彩。
练习:①Tom has a big__________.There are six waystreetroadfamilypeople in his__________.
②She has been in Shenzhen for 10 years.
Shenzhen has become her second__________.
12.idea, advice
(1)idea表示“主意”，是可数名词。 例如:a good idea一个好主意
(2)advice表示“建议”，“忠告”，是不可数名词。例如:a piece of advice 一个忠告(一个建议)
练习:①Can you give me some__________on how to learn English well？
②He has got a good__________to deal with his old books.familyhomeadviceidea二、易混不定代词辨析
1.some，any
some，any都意为“一些”，既可以修饰或代替可数名词复数，也可以修饰或代替不可数名词。some常用在肯定句中；any多用于否定句、疑问句及条件句中。
练习:①I have __________tea here.
②I can’t see __________tea.
2.many，much
many，much都表示“许多”的意思，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，在肯定句中多用a lot of，lots of等。many修饰或代替可数名词的复数，其反义someany词是few;而much修饰或代替不可数名词，其反义词是little。
练习:①I didn’t know__________English people who could speak Chinese.
②Is there__________water in the bottle?
3.few,a few,little,a little
few，a few用来修饰或代替复数可数名词；little，a little用来修饰或代替不可数名词；few，little表示否定，意为“很少、几乎没有”；a few，a little表示肯定，意为“一些、少许”。
练习:①He is now out of work and can earn __________ money. manymuchlittle②I can speak __________French.
③__________students in this school can speak Japanese.
④There are still __________students in the classroom.
4.another,other,others，the other和the others的区别
(1)another泛指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，表示“又一(个)，又一些；另外的(人、物)，别的(人、物)”，既可用作形容词又可用作代词。
(2)other表示“另外的”，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；前面有the，this，that，some，any，a littleFewa feweach，every，no，one，my，your，his等，则可与单数名词连用。
(3)others泛指别的人或物，是other的复数形式，泛指别的人或物(但不是全部)，不能作定语，some…others=(the other+复数名词)“一些……另一些……”
(4)the other表示“两者中的另一个”，one…the other…意为“(两者中的)一个……另一个……”。修饰单数名词意为“(两者中)另一个”，修饰复数名词意为“(两部分中)剩下的,其余的”。
(5)the others=the other+名词复数：指剩下的人(或物)，其余的(或物）练习:
①We need __________ four people.
②__________ people may think like that.
③Some of the questions are hard;__________ are easy.
④He has two sons.One is thin and __________ is fat.
⑤There are 50 students in my class.30 are boys,__________are girls.
5.none，no one
(1)none表示三者或三者以上全部否定，意为“全都不”。none既可指人又可指物，通常后接of短语anotherOtherothersthe otherthe othersnone用作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。none常用来回答how many/much的提问。
(2)no one表示三者或三者以上全部否定，与nobody同义,只用来指人，其后一般不跟of短语。no one常用来回答who的提问。
练习:①__________ of us want(s) to go，but we have to.
②Everyone is here；__________ is away.
6.every，each每一个
(1)every用来指三者或三者以上，侧重整体而不指个别，它不能单独作主语或宾语，只有与名词连用或构成复合词时，才能作主语和宾语。everyNoneno none常可用于某些固定搭配中。
(2)each则用来指两者或两者以上，侧重于个别情况，可作主语、宾语、定语或同位语。作主语时，后接谓语的单数形式，但each作主语同位语时，谓语动词与主语一致。
练习:①He knew by heart __________ word in her letter.
②He gave an apple to __________.
7.all，both
(1)all表示“都”。指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。
(2)both作代词。①与其他名词或代词并列出现，everyeach表示“两个都”。②与“of+代词(或名词)”连用，表示“两者都”。
练习:①__________of us like Mr.Pope.
②Lucy and Lily__________agree with us.
8.neither，either
(1)neither表示“两者都不……”。作主语谓语动词用单数。
(2)either表示“两个中的任何一个”，可修饰或代替单数可数名词。作主语谓语动词用单数。
练习:①_________of the knives is useful．
②________of them was in good health, but both worked very hard．AllbothEitherNeither三、易混形容词、副词辨析
1.alone，lonely
alone与lonely意义相近，alone表示“独自一人”的状态，而lonely表示“孤单；寂寞”的情绪。
练习:①But the children are not__________.
②She was sitting in the bed __________ when we went to see her.
③So we never feel __________.
2.every，each
(1)every和each作形容词时，都是“每一个”的意思，但实际含义并不完全相同。each着重个别情况，而every则着重整体情况。当我们说eachalonealonelonelychild，each student或each teacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。当我们说every child或every student时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。
(2) each可以用来指两个或两个以上的人或物，但every则只能用于指三个或三个以上的数量，不能指两个。
练习:①The teacher gave a present to ________
student.
②__________student loves his teacher.
③Two boys entered.________boy was carrying
a large box.eachEveryEach3.big, large，great
在谈论物体大小的时候，big和large都可以用来表示“大的”。big在口语中使用得较多。great主要修饰抽象的东西，表示在范围上或程度上比一般的大。在修饰具体事物时常常带有感彩。
练习:
①This box is __________.
②I want a __________ box，this is too small.
③We like China very much.It’s __________!
4.high,tall
都可表示“高”，其区别:high通常用于物之高，而tall常用于指人的个子及细长之物。(building和biglargegreatpeople用high或tall都可以)。
练习:①He has a__________nose.
②The boys are growing_______and_________.
5.black,dark
都可作形容词，也可作名词，其区别:black的意思是“黑色”(的):指颜色，其反义词是white；而dark的意思是“暗、天黑、黑暗”，指无光。
练习:①All the windows have been painted_____.
②It is too __________to read here.
6.real,true
都可翻译为“真的”，其区别:real的意思是“真的，实在的”，用来表示“客观存在而不是想象或虚构hightallertallerblackdark的”或“真的而非假造的”。true的意思是“真正的，真实的，确实的，名副其实的”。
练习:①It’s __________that he is married.
②Is that a __________flower?
7.too，also,either
这三个词作副词用时，都含有“也”的意思，但用法不同。either只能用于否定句中，一般放在句尾。
练习:
①I’m in Row 1，__________.
②Chinese take away food is _________popular.
③We don’t like the same colours，__________.truerealtooalsoeither8.already,yet, still
already意为“已经”，通常用于陈述句；用于疑问句时表示惊异、怀疑；不用于否定句。yet意为“尚”、“仍然”，常用于否定句和疑问句。still表示“仍然，还”，放于句中。
练习:
①We have__________finished the work.
②Is he__________in the classroom?
③We haven’t finished the work__________.
9.hard,hardly
hard作形容词，意为“艰苦的”，作为副词，意为“努力地”、“猛烈地”，如:hard work(艰苦的工作)alreadystillyetwork hard(努力工作)；hardly不是hard的副词形式，而是另外一个词，意为“几乎不”。用在反意问句中，疑问部分要用肯定句。
练习:
①He works __________.
②He __________ listened to me.
10.ago,before
都可译为“以前”，其区别:ago只与过去时连用，ago前通常要有表示时间的词。before常与现在完成时或过去(完成)时连用。并且，可以当介词，后面接介词宾语。hardhardly练习:
①She saw the film three days __________.
②She said she had seen the film three days __________.
11.late,lately
late表示“迟、晚”。lately是“最近、近来”的意思。
练习:
①He always arrives home__________.
②Have you been to the cinema __________?
12.instead,instead of
都可译为“代替”，其区别:instead只能单独使用，常位于句首或句尾。instead of后面要跟名词、动agobeforelatelately名词、代词、或介词短语。
练习:
①She is very tired.Let me go__________.
②Shall we have fish __________eggs today?
13.good,well
good形容词，“好的”。well副词，意为“好地”；作形容词时是“身体健康的”。well放在动词之后，表达“健康；妥善”等意思。不能放在名词之前修饰一般物品。
练习:
① He is a__________player.He can play basketball very__________.insteadinstead ofgoodwell②I’m not feeling__________now.I must see a doctor at once.
14.sometimes, sometime与some time
(1)sometimes的意思是“有时，往往，不时地”。
(2)sometime的意思是“某个时候”，可指将来，也可指过去。
(3)some time的意思是“一段时间”，可以是几分钟、几小时、几天、甚至几年。
练习:
①Sometimes we are busy and___________we are not.
②We’ll take our holiday__________in May.wellsometimessometime③The fire went on for__________ before it was
brought under control.
15.so，such
so是副词，意为“如此”，修饰形容词，如:so fast。such是形容词，意为“如此”，修饰名词。如:such a good boy
练习:
①There are__________many clouds in the sky.
②He is__________a bad man that people don’t like him.
16.ill, sick生病的
ill用作“生病的”时，不可以修饰名词，而sick可以some timesosuch练习:
①This is a______boy.Please take a seat for him.
②He has been__________in bed for 2 days.
17.asleep, sleepy, sleep
(1)asleep形容词，“睡着的”。常用词组:fall asleep(入睡)
(2)sleepy形容词，“想睡的，困倦的”。常用词组:be sleepy
(3)sleep动词,“睡觉”。常用词组:go to sleep(睡觉)
练习:
①He was so_______that he fell________easily.
②I have to__________by 10 at home.sickIll/sicksleepyasleepsleep18.awake,wake
(1)awake形容词，“醒着的”。常用词组:be awake(醒着的)
(2)wake动词，“醒来”。常用词组:wake up(醒来)
练习:①Don’t________me up.I want to sleep late.
②He is ____now.Let him answer the telephone.
19.die, dead, death, dying
(1)die动词，“死”。(2)dead形容词，“死的”。(3)death名词，“死”。(4)dying形容词，“将死的”。
练习:①The dog has______.It has been_______ for an hour.wakeawakedieddead②His __________made us sad.
③The bird is __________.Let’s try to save it.
20.interesting, interested, interest
(1)interesting形容词,“有趣的”, 常用来形容物。
(2)interested形容词,“感到有趣的”,常用来形容人的感觉。常用词组:be interested in(对……感兴趣)
(3)interest名词，“兴趣，爱好”。动词，“使某人感兴趣”。
练习:①The film seems_____________.It ________me.I want to see it tomorrow.
②My brother has many_______.He is _______ in basketball most.deathdyinginterestinginterestsinterestsinterested21.pleased, pleasant, pleasure
(1)pleased形容词，“感到高兴的”。常用词组:be pleased with(对……感到高兴)
(2)pleasant形容词，“令人愉快的”。a pleasant holiday(一个愉快的假期)
(3)pleasure名词，“愉快”。常用词组:with pleasure(十分乐意)
练习:
①The news __________ all of us.We’re all__________with it.
②—Can you help me?—With __________.
③—Thank you for your dinner!—It’s my ______.pleasespleasedpleasurepleasure22.surprise, surprised, surprising
(1)surprise作名词时，表“惊奇”。常用词组:in surprise惊奇地(放句末；to one’s surprise使某人惊奇的是……。作动词时表“使……惊奇”)。
(2)surprised形容词，“感到惊奇的”。常用词组:be surprised at sth.／be surprised to do sth.
(3)surprising形容词，“令人惊奇的”。
练习:①He looked at me in __________.=He is __________ to look at me.
②To my __________,he failed in this contest.
③What __________news! He was still alive.The news __________us.surprisesurprisedsurprisesurprisingsurprised23.much too, too much, too many
(1)much too+形容词、副词原级；表示“非常，极其，太……”。
(2)too much+不可数名词；表示“太多”。
(3)too many+名词复数；表示“太多”。
练习:
①There is __________rain in HuBei this summer so that __________ people are in trouble of flood.
②There was __________noise in the hall.
③The little girl has to practise the piano every day.She is __________tired of it sometimes.too muchtoo manytoo muchmuch too24.how often, how long, how soon, how far
(1)how often表示频率。指间隔有多久，通常用一般现在时。常用once,twice,three times, often,
usually，always, never等回答。
(2)how long表示持续多久。通常用表示一段时间的时间状语或“for+一段时间”，“since+时间点”等来回答。
(3)how soon表示“还要多久”，通常用一般将来时，用“in+一段时间”来回答。
(4)how far表示距离有多远。通常用“kilometer(s), mile(s)，”或“five minutes’ walk”等来回答。练习:①—__________ can the model plane fly? —About ten meters.
②—__________ have you been in Zhongshan? —For three years.
③—__________ do you call your parents? —Once a week.
④—__________ will your uncle arrive at the airport?—In an hour.
⑤—__________ will you stay in Shanghai? —About a week.
⑥—__________ is it from your home to the school? —It’s only one kilometer./It’s only five minutes’ walk.How farHow longHow oftenHow soonHow longHow far四、易混动词辨析
1.carry，take与bring的区别
(1)take是指将某物或某人从这里“带到”或“拿到”某处。
(2)bring与take相反，是指将某物或某人从别处“带来”或“拿来”。
(3)carry是指随身携带(背着、扛着、提着、抱着)，不表明来去的方向。
练习:①Could you _________it to the classroom?
②May I ________ Tom to see you next Monday?
③The box is heavy.Can you __________ it?takebringcarry2.cross和across的区别
cross与across都表示“穿过；横过”的意思。但是cross是及物动词，across是介词，across的前面必须还要有谓语动词。
练习:①When is it safe to__________the road?什么时候过马路安全？
②Go __________the bridge.You’ll find the museum on the left.走过这座桥，你就会在左边看到那个博物馆。
3.find,look for与find out的区别
find的意思是“找到”，look for是“寻找”，find out是经过调查“发现、查明(真相)”。crossacross练习:①I can’t __________the broom.
②He is __________ different places.
③Jane was angry when Lucy __________ her secrets.
4.forget, leave和lose的区别
三词都有“忘”、“丢”的意思。其区别:forget常表示“记不起”、“忘了要带(买)”；leave表示“把某物忘(丢)在某地了”；lose表示“丢了，没找到(或找不到)”。
练习:①I __________his name.
②He __________his gloves on the train.
③I’ve __________the money.findlooking forfound outforgetleftlost5.hear与listen to的区别
hear与listen to之间的区别，同see与look at之间的区别非常相似。hear的意思是“听见；听到”，listen to的意思是“倾听”(集中注意力去听)。
练习:①We ____somebody knocking at the door.
②He was __________the music.
6.hit与beat的区别
hit和beat都有“打；击”的含义，但beat主要表示“连续地打；殴打；打败”，hit表示“有目标地打；击中”。
练习:①The rain is _______against the windows.
②He __________ her on the head with a bottle.heardlistening tobeatinghit7.let与make的区别
都表示“让”的意思。make是强制的，而let是非强制的。
练习:①He __________ her go.他强迫她去。
②He__________her go.他让她去。
8.lend，borrow与keep的区别
borrow，lend，keep都可以表示“借”的意思。?
(1)borrow“借入”，向某人借某物用“borrow...from”。
(2)lend“借出”，把某物借给某人，用“lend...to”。
(3)borrow和lend都是短暂性动词，要表示借多久，要用keep。madelet练习:
①I __________a bike from him.
②Don’t __________ it to others.
③—How long can I __________ this book?—You can __________it for two weeks.
9.look，see与watch的区别
从意义来分，look(at)是“看”，不表示看得见或看不见，see是“看见”，watch是“观看；注视”。
练习:
①__________at the picture.
②It was dark in the room.We could____nothing.
③He is __________TV.borrowedlendkeepkeepLookseewatching10.lose，miss的区别
lose和miss都表示“失去”的意思。
(1)lose:“失去”、“失掉”，含有失去而不可复得之意。
(2)miss:“失去”、“遗失”。指在需要时，发现或感觉不在。miss还常表示“错过”、“想念”的意思。
练习:①Many people________their lives in the traffic accident.
②When did you __________ your wallet?
③She __________the first bus.
11.reach，arrive与get to的区别
reach，arrive和词组get to都表示“到达”某处但lostlosemissedreach是及物动词，后面直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。arrive是不及物动词，后面要用介词at或in放在表示地点的宾语之前(较大的城市或地区用in，较小的地方用at)。get to 一般多用于口语中。
练习:
①We __________the top of the hill at last.
②They __________ in Beijing last week.
③I __________school at about 7：30 every day.
12.speak，say，talk与tell的区别
speak，say和talk都含有“说、讲、说话”的意思。但在用法上是有区别的。reachedarrivedget to(1)speak常常用来指人们对语言的掌握或使用，不强调说话的内容。
(2)say 一般用作及物动词，着重指说话的内容，而且后面常常带有直接或间接引语。
(3)talk 一般用作不及物动词，着重指连续地说话或与人交谈。talk有时也可用作名词，表示“讲话；演讲；报告”。
(4)tell的意思是“告诉；讲述；吩咐”。
练习:①They __________English and French.
②Did you__________anything?
③I shall ______to your father about your health.
④Tomorrow I want you to give us a _____，Jim.speaksaytalktalk⑤Don’t __________ me.Let me guess.
13.spend，cost，take与pay的区别
(1)表示“花费金钱”，用cost和spend。cost指“某物值多少钱或某物花费某人多少钱”；而spend指“某人花费多少钱购买某物”。
(2)表示“花费时间”，用cost，spend或take都可以。cost和take指“某事花费(某人)多少时间”；而spend则指“某人花费多少时间做某事”。
(3)pay作动词时，意思是“付款”或“支付”，可以有被动语态。
练习:①This dictionary _________me thirty yuan.
②My teacher________a lot of money on books.tellcostsspends③Writing books__________a great deal of time.
④It__________him five months to get a new company started.
⑤She__________3 years (in) writing this novel.
⑥I’m afraid that if you’ve lost it，you must__________ for it.
14.stop to do与stop doing的区别
两种结构都表示“停止”的意思，但它们的含义截然不同。
(1)stop to do表示“停下来去做……”。(stop是不及物动词，不定式作状语。)
(2)stop doing表示“停止做”(stop是及物动词，ingcosts/takestookspentpay动词是它的宾语。)
练习:
①They__________ talk with their teacher.
②They__________ talking with their teacher.
15.wear与put on的区别
(1)wear是“穿着；戴着”的意思，重点表示状态。
(2)put on是“穿上；戴上”的意思，强调动作。
练习:①Lucy is__________blue trousers and a blouse.
②Don’t be late，oh，and _____your old clothes.
16.wish，hope与expect的区别
(1)wish表示说话人不考虑是否可能实现祝愿，没stopped tostoppedwearingput on有可能性的愿望也用wish。
(2)hope则表示说话人认为可能实现。
(3)expect只表示认为某事会发生或有可能发生。
练习:①I __________ I could become French tomorrow.
②I __________ you can help me.
③I __________ that he’ll pass the exam.
17.used to do, be used to doing与be used to do的区别
(1) used to do意为“过去常常做某事”。
(2) be used to doing意为“习惯做某事”，其中的to是介词，故其后要接V-ing形式。 wishhopeexpect(3) be used to do意为“被用来做某事”，其中的to do是不定式，用来表目的。
练习:
①The boy__________short, but now he is very tall.
②Tim is______________a cup of coffee in the morning.
③Knives are__________cut things.used to beused to havingused to课件23张PPT。 中考题型解读第二节 语法选择（15小题新题）
广州中考高分突破题型突破
一、题型分析
语法选择是广州市中考英语特有的题型,考查考生在具体的语言环境里的语法应用。2016年广州市语法选择题有新的变化，由原来的10小题增加到15小题。具体的形式是：阅读一篇200字左右的短文,完成15个空格的语法选择,每空1分,共15分；它的形式与完形填空类似,即给出一篇完整的文章,把文章的一些单词抽掉设为考点。考生不但要根据文章内容,还要根据语法规则来选出正确的答案。语法选择与完形填空的考查方向和重点不同,完形填空侧重点在考生对文章内容的理解和所选单词的意义的区别,而语法选择则主要考查语法在篇章里的应用,侧重点在语法规则的考查,即某个单词的不同形式。语法选择的主要考点分布于：冠词、名词的单复数、动词时态和语态、形容词、副词、代词、连
词、介词、非谓语动词、定语从句等。
二、复习方法
1.复习各个语法点。
2.平时多积累,多阅读对话或文章,领悟文章对话中句子与句子之间的关系,把握段落之间的关系,并理解整篇文章、对话的大致内容以及上下文逻辑关系,不断形成英语的语感,这样做起题目来会更加得心应手。
3.加强练习,从中发现并掌握该类题目的规律,对自己不熟悉的、容易错的语法知识抓紧时间查缺补漏。提高做题的准确性,并训练自己的逻辑思维。三、解题方法
1.快速通读全文,掌握短文主旨。
通篇浏览短文,掌握文中时间、地点、人物以及事件等关键信息。特别要注意认真阅读短文的开头句和结尾句,它们一般不设置空格,为考生提供某种语境或提供主题信息。通读全文,不要拘泥于一词一义的理解,对个别不认识的单词、短语,只要不影响理解全文就可以不管它。
2.识别短语、句型,注意固定搭配。
语法填空的短文中一定会出现一些常用的固定搭配或句型。如动词短语：laugh at,take care of,give up,agree with等；介词短语：in surprise,at the age of等；句型：it is...for sb.to do sth.,it takes sb.sometime to do sth.等。如果平时注意短语和句型的整体记忆,掌握它们的搭配规律,在做题时就能得心应手,减少失误,提高准确率。
3.运用语法规则,理顺搭配关系。
语法知识是指导解答该题的法宝,因为词汇根据语法规则确定各自的位置,有了语法规则,文章才能有条不紊,顺理成章。如介词后面的代词一定是宾格,物质名词一般不用复数(大部分是不可数名词),修饰不定代词的形容词放在不定代词的后面,情态动词后面用动词原形,非谓语动词的考查,定语从句的考查等。考生在答题时,首先要注意所选的答案填入空白处后,整个句子的语法结构(语气、语态、时态)是否合理；其次,看语义是否通顺,上下文是否连贯。
4.遇到难题,反复默念。
有时会遇到难选的题目,如果时间允许,不要轻易放弃,要穷追不舍,可先从语法角度考虑,再从逻辑角度考虑是否有隐含意思、作者的情感以及背景文化和习俗等。有时句子好像什么也不缺,读上去很完整,就必须想到,很可能缺的就是连词and,副词then,always,sometimes,never,often,hardly等,但要注意把这些词代进去,看哪个意思符合。如果还未选出,应反复默念几遍,这时有些词就会悄然而至,在你的记忆中浮现出来。
5.细心检查,避免疏漏。
选项填完后,再次通读短文,从整体上检查短文的结构、语义以及逻辑意义是否一致,上下文衔接是否合理。真题分析
一、语法选择(共10小题；每小题1分,满分10分)
阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,从26~35各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。
Once,a king loved music so much that he searched the world for the best instrument.One day,a magic man________the king a harp(竖琴).
The king took it to the palace,but_______he played it,the harp sounded terrible.Many______
people tried it.They agreed that the harp was
______and the king had been fooled.The harp was thrown out as rubbish.
A poor little girl ________found the harp,and even though she didn’t know how_______it,she decided to have a try.She played and played,the whole day through,for months and years.The music she produced was never perfect,_______
each time it sounded a little better.
Then one day,suddenly,the harp started to play the most beautiful music.It was in fact ____
magic harp,and could only be played well by someone who would put in the necessary effort.
The king heard the music from his window, The king heard the music from his window,
and called the girl to the palace.When the king saw that she was playing his old harp,he was filled__________ joy.At that moment he made the girl his own private __________,giving her
and her family many riches.
( )26.A.offer B.offers C.offered D.has offered
( )27.A.when B.before C.if D.because
( )28.A.another B.other C.others D.the other
( )29.A.used B.using
C.useless D.uselessness
( )30.A.late B.lately C.latest D.laterCABCD( )31.A.played B.to play
C.playing D.to playing
( )32.A.so B.and
C.or D.but
( )33.A.a B.an
C.the D./
( )34.A.in B.of
C.by D.with
( )35.A.music B.musical
C.musician D.musicallyBDADC 【答案与解析】本文是一篇小故事。从前有个国王特别喜欢音乐，他在全世界寻找最好的乐器。一天有个魔术师送给他一把竖琴，但是不管怎样国王也弹奏不出好听的音乐，一气之下他把竖琴扔掉了。一个小女孩发现了这把竖琴，并日复一日、年复一年地练习弹奏，最终奏出了优美的乐曲，她也成了国王的私人琴师。
26.C解析：考查时态。根据上文one day提示，应用一般过去时。
27.A解析：考查状语从句引导词。根据句意“但是当他弹奏的时候……”，故选when。 28.B解析：考查代词。another表示三者或者三者
以上的“另一个”；other表示“其他”，后可接名词；others表示“其他的……”，后不可接名词；the other表示两者中的“另一个”。根据文意“很多其他的人尝试过”且后有名词people，故选other。

29.C解析：考查词义辨析。根据后文as rubbish提示，得知句意应为“他们一致认为那把竖琴是没有用的”，故排除A、B，又根据be动词后加形容词，故选C。 30.D解析：考查词义辨析。late表示“迟到，晚的”；lately表示“最近”；latest表示“最新的”；later表示“稍后”，根据文意“贫穷的小女孩之后发现了那把竖琴”，故选D。
31.B解析：考查动词形式。特殊疑问词+to do可作宾语，故选B。
32.D解析：考查连词。根据句意“每次弹奏的音乐从来都不完美，但每次听起来都有提升”可知前后句是转折关系，故选D。 33.A解析：考查冠词。根据句意“实际上它是一把有魔力的竖琴”表示泛指，用在首字母非元音发音的magic单词前，故选A。

34.D解析：考查介词。固定搭配，be filled with表示“充满……”。
35.C解析：考查构词法。music为名词，表示“音乐”；musical为形容词，表示“音乐的”；musician为名词，表示“音乐家”；musically为副词，表示“音乐地”。根据文意“他让小女孩成为他的私人音乐师”，故选C。 二、(2014广州)语法选择(共10小题；每小题1分,满分10分)
阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,从26~35各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。
As two women walked into a New Jersey hospital,they laughed.It showed the love that had held them together ___ forty years as best friends.Although they were laughing,one of these ladies would soon put her life in danger
_____ her best friend.
Patty Hurley and Eileen Riley met at highschool and have been close friends ever since.
But when Eileen,__________ nurse,became ill with kidney (肾) disease,she didn’t go running to her friend—Patty came to help her,after ______ Eileen was sick.“My kidneys are failing,” Eileen
explained.
“Can I give you one of mine?” _________ the
immediate reply.
The offer was so simple ____ Eileen thought she had heard wrong.But Patty repeated she was willing to help,and their journey to the
operating table began.Eileen always knew that her friend would help.She said _________,“When Patty makes a
promise,she keeps __________.”
The operation went ahead in May,and both women are now very healthy and ________ than
ever.
“There are no words to describe ________ amazing this woman is,” Eileen said afterwards.
“She gave me my life.”( )26.A.in B.for C.since D.with
( )27.A.save B.saved C.saves D.to save
( )28.A.a B.an C.the D./
( )29.A.hear B.heard C.hearing D.to hear
( )30.A.came B.comes C.come D.coming
( )31.A.as B.which C.that D.until
( )32.A.simple B.simply C.simpler D.simplest
( )33.A.it B.them C.its D.ones
( )34.A.closest B.most close C.closer D.closely
( )35.A.so B.why C.what D.howBDACACBACD【答案与解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一对私交40年的密友Patty Hurley和Eileen Riley,当Eileen得了肾病,Patty过来帮助她并且主动提出移植一个肾脏给对方。手术很成功,现在两人都很健康。Eileen对Patty深表感激。
26.B解析：考查介词辨析。由“had held”和“forty years”可知,时间状语是一个时间段,故“forty years”前要加介词for。故选B。

27.D解析：考查非谓语动词。动词不定式短语“to save her best friend”作目的状语。故选D。28.A解析：考查冠词辨析。表示身份时,名词前用不定冠词a或an。nurse的读音是以辅音音素开头,其前应用a。故选A。
29.C解析：考查非谓语动词。after在此是介词,其后接动词时要用ing形式。故选C。
30.A解析：考查动词的时态,根据上文“Eileen explained”可知,动作发生在过去,故用一般过去时,此处是一个完全倒装句。故选A。
31.C解析：考查固定搭配。“so+形容词/副词+that从句”意为”如此……以至于……”。故选C。32.B解析：考查形容词、副词的用法。修饰动词“said”要用副词。simply意为“简单地”,是副词,符合语境。故选B。
33.A解析：考查代词辨析。由前半句的“a promise”可知,要用it来代替。故选A。
34.C解析：考查形容词比较级。由空格后的“than”可知,此处要用比较级。故选C。
35.D解析：考查感叹句。由形容词“amazing”可知,感叹句的中心词为形容词,故要用how来引导。故选D。课件11张PPT。 中考题型解读第五节 阅读填空
广州中考高分突破题型突破
阅读填空题是广州英语中考题型中最新的题型，最初2010年北京英语考试中最先启用，之后逐渐推广开来。阅读填空题也叫阅读短文还原句子题，或还原短文题。此类试题主要考查：(1) 故事情节和事件发展顺序；(2) 段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系。文章先挖空五个句子，要求学生阅读短文，根据短文内容，从文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，还原到文中适当的位置，使文章意思完整且符合逻辑。
该题型的阅读文章一般有200～250个单词左右，为5选5的题型，共计5分。文章选材较为学生熟悉，词汇较简单。整体难度较小。
解题时特别要关注段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系，主要为：并列、顺序、转折、因果等关系。
1.表达并列关系的常用连词和副词有：and, at the same time等。
2.表达顺序关系的常用连词和副词有：first, second, third (或firstly, secondly, thirdly...), and, then, after that, afterwards, thereafter, finally等。 3.表达转折关系的常用连词和副词有：but, however, yet, while等。
4.表达因果关系的常用连词和副词有：because，that’s why, so, so that, as a result等。
解题技巧
针对阅读短文还原句子的考查点，我们总结出此类题型的解题步骤及得分技巧，具体如下：
1.解题步骤
（1）读选项，划关键词，暗排序。
（2）读文章，找逻辑，抓过渡词。
（3）先易后难来解题。
（4）回读文章定答案。2.得分技巧
（1）抓住过渡词，联系上下句。
（2）盯紧横线的前后词语，注意关键词的承接、复现。
3.例文分析
Wilma Rudolf was born in Clarksville, Tennessee, in 1940. There were twenty?two children in her family. Wilma was not a strong child. 1.___. Wilma’s family loved her and helped her. Her mother and her sisters massaged (按摩) her bad leg. The doctor put a brace (矫形支架)
on her leg for six years. 2.______.
CA At high school Wilma started to run. Soon she won every race she ran. Then she prepared for the national races. 3.__. The next year, 1956, Wilma was in the Olympic Games in Australia. Wilma came back with a bronze medal. In 1960, Wilma went to the Olympic Games in Italy. The weather was very hot just as it was it Tennessee
The Italians cheered her. Wilma won the 100 meter race, the 200 meter race, and the 400 meter relay. 4.___.
Wilma Rudolf was a hard working woman. 5.___. That year she married her high schoolEDBsweetheart, and now they have four children.
A. Luckily, the brace was taken off when she was 12.
B. In 1963, Wilma got her degree in education.
C. When she was very young her leg began to have problems.
D. So Wilma Rudolf was the first American woman to win three Olympic gold medals. ?
E. At the age of 15, she won all nine of the races.【答案与解析】
1. C
解析：从原文得知，她小时候不是一个强壮的孩子。所以本句应该是解释她有哪些问题。答题时应该抓住选项中的关键词 “problem”。另外，下句说到她妈妈和姐姐帮她按摩有毛病的腿。此处bad leg 和选项C中的her leg有承接关系。（名词承接）
2. A
解析：从原文得知 “医生在她的腿里放了一个矫形支架达六年之久”,而后文中又说 “她高中时开始跑步了”。而此句意为“ 幸运的是医生在她12岁时取出了矫形支架。取出支架后才能开始跑步。（动、名词承接）
3. E
解析：从原文中可知“the next year is 1956” “the next year”指的是某一年的下一年， 因此应是1955年。再根据“Wilma was born in 1940.”可知 She was 15 years old in 1955. （时间顺序）
4. D
解析：从原文中得知Wilma参加了1960年意大利奥运会获得了三块金牌，选项中的 “three”很具体的对其进行了总结。同时“so”很好地引出了对参加意大利奥运会的总结。（因果关系）5. B
解析：原文中的“那一年”指的是某一年，前文中肯定提到了“一年”，因此是“In 1963， she got her degree in education, then at the same year, she got married. （代词承接）此外，上句说她是一个勤奋的人。所以本句说的是她在学习方面的成就。（形容词、名词承接）
总结：阅读理解新题型的答题思路是：?①通读全文及选项了解文章大意；?②分析选项间的逻辑关系；?③从选项中圈出表示逻辑关系的关键词；?④阅读短文还原句子并排除干扰；?⑤复读短文检查逻辑是否合理。4.复习策略
通过对这类题型的解题步骤、思路及技巧的练习和实践，可总结出以下复习策略：
①养成限时阅读的习惯，提高阅读速度。培养学生的阅读技能， 处理好阅读速度与效率问题。阅读速度应控制在每篇5分钟，每分钟40～50个词为宜。
②注意常考点。平时练习多注意代词（如it， this， they）、选项的句内关系（如因果、转折）及重现（文章与选项的关键词复现提示）等。课件19张PPT。 中考题型解读第八节 书面表达
广州中考高分突破题型突破
一、题型分析
书面表达是广州市中考中一个比较难的、也是必考的题型,要求考生根据题目的要求写一段80词左右的短文。书面表达主要考查考生综合运用英语的能力,同时考查考生是否掌握所学过的语法知识、时态、句型和结构等知识。
1.近几年的中考书面表达题的题材大致为：
1)与中学生学习有关的题材；
2)与中学生日常生活有关的题材；
3)与中学生交际交往有关的题材。 2.评分标准：要求文章要切题并有所发挥；上下文连贯、用词造句流畅、表达得体；词汇的用量符合要求,拼写、书写格式和标点符号准确。总分15分,给分标准基本上是6+6+3,即：内容+准确性+流畅性。具体评分标准细则如下：解题技巧
考生在考场上,可以按照以下几个步骤来完成书面表达题。
第一步：认真审题,明确要求。
审题是写好书面表达题的关键。通读试题所给的每一个字,观察所给的每一幅图画,从而明确该文的题目要求,判断作文的类型、特点,了解作文的重要内容,力求写作中切中题意。
1.确定体裁。中考书面表达体裁不同,写法各异。通过仔细观察、认真分析,确定文章的主题,然后再围绕主题进行写作,以满足中考“切中题意”的要求。 2.确定格式。文体不同,格式也不一样。书信有书信的格式,便条有便条的格式。同样都是通知,口头通知与书面通知格式也不相同。因此,应根据不同的文体来确定写作时所采用的相应格式。
3.确定人称。因搞错人称而失分,实在令人可惜。所以,在动笔之前应先确定是使用第一人称还是第三人称。
4.审提示中所交待的时间、地点、人物及人物关系。
第二步：依据要点,草拟提纲。
根据内容提示,在草纸上列出各要点所用的词、短语以及句式等。注意这是组织语言、形成短文的基础步骤。这一步骤的要求是：根据内容提示简单地列出提纲,将所需的语言材料准备好。可以只列出主要的词、词组、短语及句型；暂不考虑动词的时态、语态、单数第三人称等词形变化。
第三步：扩展成句,连句成篇。
将上述所列出的词、词组、短语等扩展成句。注意时态、语态的正确运用并适当使用一些连接成分将所列的语句连成完整的语篇。全文应结构紧凑,前后连贯。 第四步：仔细检查,认真修改。
检查修改是书面表达解题过程中必不可少的一个重要环节。检查修改的原则是大处着眼,小处着手。具体应从词法、句法、语篇三个方面入手仔细检查并进行认真修改：
1.从词法角度。主要检查词汇的运用是否妥当；拼写是否有误；名词、代词的数和格是否正确；词性是否混淆；词与词之间是否“搭配不当”；用词是否重复等。
2.从句法角度。主要检查句子结构是否完整；动词时态、语态是否正确；主谓是否一致等。 3.从语篇角度。主要检查文体格式是否正确；字数是否符合要求；要点是否齐全；语句是否简洁；上下文是否连贯、符合逻辑等。
第五步：认真书写,讲究规范。
中考书面表达对答卷的书写问题有明确具体的要求。因此,在考试中同学们应将单词写好,千万不能因为书写问题影响自己的得分。另外,整洁干净的卷面,规范、美观的字体会给阅卷者好的印象,可以得到“印象分”。写作模板
(2015广州)你校将开设一些特色课程，学生可根据兴趣进行选择。请根据以下内容提示为学校英文网页写一篇短文，介绍这些课程、提出你建议增设的课程并说明理由。
注意：
1.参考词汇：模型制作 model making
2.词数80左右(文章开头已给出，不计入词数)；
3.不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分。
Students in our school are free to choose some special courses according to their interest...1.审题
本篇书面表达要求根据图表信息，介绍学校的特色课程，写一篇文章。根据提示可以这样入手：
(1)分别介绍English drama, football, model making 这三个特色课程的情况及其益处或选择的理由；
(2) 对于你建议的课程要发挥自己的联想,适当加以补充，并写出理由。
注意的问题：
(1)因为是介绍学校的特色课程,所以时态要用一般现在时；(2)对你提出的建议特色课程时可以借助适当的情态动词或用一般将来时,也可以运用一些表示建议的句型。
2.确定关键词
英语戏团：English drama
练习口语：practice oral English
学习表演：learn performing skills
足球（课程）： football course
强身健体： make you strong and healthy/ be good for physical health
鼓励合作：encourage teamwork/ (students) learn more about teamwork模型制作： model making
了解科学：know about science
提高兴趣：(students) become interested in... / arouse their interest
理由是……： the reason is that...
不但……而且…… : not only ...but also...
更加重要的是,而且(表示递进)：what’s more; furthermore; in addition
我希望他们能够…… ：I hope they can...
我们应该……：We should...
为什么不……? :Why not ...?3.连词成句
① If you want to practice oral English and learn performing skills, English drama may be the first choice.
② If you are interested in football, take the football course.
③ It is good for your physical health.
④ Students can learn more about teamwork.
⑤ What about model making?
⑥ You can know about science and become interested in it.
⑦ I suggest adding a painting course because⑧ The reason is that many students like drawing.
⑨ I hope they can be helpful and students would enjoy a colorful school life here!
4.仔细检查,认真修改
查时态、人称：用一般现在时,介绍特色课程时人称以第二、三人称为主,也就是you 或是students都可以。提出建议时可以采用第一人称
查要点：对照题目里的要点,检查需要包含的内容是否介绍齐全,这篇至少包括4大要点：英语戏团、足球、模型制作、个人建议的课程，每个要点还要陈述理由或好处。 查连接：是否有适当的引导词或是连接词,让文章更加顺畅自然,比如not only... but also;what’s more; furthermore; in addition; as well等。另外表示建议的句型的运用能够让文章增色,如：Why not add a painting course? In my opinion, I suggest adding a painting course because...等。
查语法和词数：包括单词的拼写、大小写、标点符号、时态、单复数、主谓一致、I hope的宾语从句等；词数是否足够。 5.认真书写,讲究规范
范文一：
Students in our school are free to choose some special courses according to their interest.These courses will help students relax themselves after school.There are many courses for them to choose,such as English drama,football,or model making.Here is more
information.
If you want to improve your oral English,
English drama may be the first choice.It is a good chance to practice not only oral English,but also performing skills.If you are interested in football,take the football course.It is good for your physical health.Besides,you can learn more about teamwork.What about model making? You will be amazed by the science
world and become interested in it.
For my part,a painting course can be added,because students like drawing so much.I hope these courses would be helpful and each student would enjoy a bright and colorful school
life here! 范文二：
Students in our school are free to choose some special courses according to their interest.
It is such cheerful news because it can enrich
students’ after school lives.
Here is some information about each course.
If you are keen on sports,soccer course will be a great choice.Not only can it make you strong and healthy,but also offers you a good chance to
make friends and encourage teamwork.
For those who are interested in science,
model making is definitely their favorite.Students can get to know more about science,which will greatly arouse their interest.If you want to practice your oral English,you can take a course on English drama.When you are challenging different characters,you also learn
how to perform them.
In my opinion,I suggest adding a music course.Lots of students are suffering from the stress of study.It is relaxing for them to play musical instruments.Hope everyone can enjoy
the courses mentioned above.课件15张PPT。 中考题型解读第六节 单词拼写
广州中考高分突破题型突破
一、题型分析
单词拼写主要考查考生对英语单词的记忆和拼写能力。这类试题体现了“词不离句”的特点,往往放在某个具体的文化背景里面进行考查,要求考生注意单词在句子中的确切含义,而不是孤立地记忆、硬记单词。这样把枯燥机械的单词记忆测试活化为理解、拼写于一体的综合性题型。它不仅能达到既定的检测效果,而且也对考生以后的英语学习起到良好的导向作用——注重在语境中记忆单词、应用单词。
本题型在考查时给出首个字母作为提示,考生在做题时可以根据两个线索：1.具体的语言环境或文化背景；2.首字母。这类题型基本不涉及词形变化,难度适中,所考单词都是《考试大纲》中要求的单词,没有生僻词。这就要求考生一定要熟练掌握考纲所要求的词汇。
二、复习方法
1.过硬地记好《广州市初中毕业生学业考试指导书》(即《考试大纲》的词汇表)。要牢牢地记住这些词汇,打下坚实的基础。
2.全方位地去记单词。仅仅记住单词的拼写和词义是远远不够的,还应记住它的词性、发音和搭配用法。只有这样才能正确地判断应填单词的词性和词形。
3.需要特别记忆的单词：星期,月份,四季,数词(如：eighth,ninth...),亲戚(如：daughter, uncle...),过去式或过去分词双写尾字母的(如：regret, refer,prefer...),不规则变化的动词(lie作“说谎”讲时,是规则的；作“位于”讲时,其过去式是lay,过去分词是lain,现在分词都是lying),名词复数变化(German→Germans,half→halves,
leaf→leaves,knife→knives,life→lives,thief→thieves,wife→wives,mouse→mice,foot→feet,tooth→teeth, child→children;tomato,potato等有生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时要加?es),动词变名词时的拼写变化(如下表)。形容词变名词时的拼写变化(long→length, high→height,strong→strength),形容词变副词时的拼写变化(如：以-ble结尾的形容词变副词时,去e加y,如：possible→possibly,terrible→terribly)。
三、解题技巧
1.通读全句,确定意思
在句子缺词的情况下,如果只是孤立地考虑一个空,不注意对全句的整体把握,就容易出错。所以这就要求考生在解题时通读全句,充分利用题干所提供的语言环境或文化背景,弄懂句子的大意,然后从记忆库里提取所需要的单词,确保所填单词在逻辑意义上与整个句子一致,有时候还要特别注意某些词的固定搭配。
【例】The f_______day of the week is Sunday.
解析：该句意为“一周的第一天是星期天”,需要填的词的首字母是“f”,根据常识和序数词有关知识应填“第一”,故填 first。此类题还可考月份。如:September is the n__________month of the year.答案:ninth。
2.瞻前顾后,确定形式
根据题意确定所需单词。确定单词后,要根据题意确定所选单词的词形,要考虑名词的可数与不可数,可数名词要注意单、复数；形容词或副词的比较等级的变化；动词是构成句子的重要部分,它的时态、语态、非谓语动词的各种形式比较复杂,应该在做题时作出恰当的选择,同时习惯用法、固定搭配也是重点考查之一。现分类说明如下:
(1)名词：一般考虑单、复数和所有格。
【例1】Do you like white？We have shirts of different c__________.
解析：根据句意,可确定单词为“color”,通过前面的shirts和different两词可确定此处应用colors。
【例2】September 10th is T________Day.
解析：根据句意,确定单词“Teacher”,它与Day之间存在所有格关系,将Teacher变为复数,再变为所有格,应填Teachers’。
2)形容词和副词：这两类词学生极易混淆,做题时应仔细分析,慎重选择用哪类词,有时还要考虑到形容词和副词“级”的变化。
【例1】 He was very a __________ with the man upstairs and began to shout,“Stop singing！”
解析：根据句意,此处应填形容词原级angry。
【例2】On Sundays,children play h_______ in the park.
解析：此处应填副词happily,副词修饰动词。(3)动词：动词变化形式较为复杂,一般有五种:动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词,过去式和过去分词。可综合考查学生运用英语知识的能力。
【例1】Thank you very much for l________me your bike.
解析：介词后动词用?ing形式,故填lending。
【例2】When he was ten,he became i_____in maths.
解析：become interested in为固定词组,意为“对……感兴趣”,故此处应填interested。
(4)数词：注意确定用基数词还是序数词。【例1】There are t_________months in a year.
解析：此处应用基数词twelve。
【例2】December is the t___month of the year.
解析：此处应填序数词twelfth。
(5)代词：主要从人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词和疑问代词几方面考虑,有时还要考虑用单数还是用复数。
【例1】Help y__________to some fish,Jim.
解析：根据句意,此处应用yourself。
【例2】“Help y________to some fish,please.” Mrs.Green said to the twins.
解析：根据句意,the twins为复数,故填yourselves(6)连词：若前后两个词或句子存在转折、因果、并列、选择等关系,一般应填连词。
【例1】She didn’t go to school yesterday b__________she was ill.
解析：从句和主句互为因果关系,故填because。
【例2】The football match still went on t____it was raining heavily.
解析：该从句为让步状语从句,故应填 though。
3.全面检查,避免拼写错误。
完成单词的拼写后,要把句子重读一遍,检查句子是否通顺,单词拼写是否准确无误,避免由于粗心而引起的笔误或拼写丢三落四的现象。真题分析
一、(2015广州)单词拼写(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分)
根据下列句子及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。 在填写答卷时,要求写出完整单词。(每空限填一词)
66.It is a p________ that the weather is so bad today.We can’t go to a picnic.
67.You should always knock at the door before you e__________ a room.
68.Close the window or the wind will b_______ everything off my desk.itynterlow69.The young woman is very b_________.She is not afraid of anything.
70.It’s very p__________ to say “Thank you” when someone helps you.
二、(2014广州)单词拼写(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分)
根据下列句子及所给单词的首字母写出所缺单词。 在填写答卷时,要求写出完整单词。(每空限填一词)
66.When I was younger,my h__________ was collecting stamps,but now I like painting.
67.Don’t f__________ to turn off the lights whenraveoliteobbyorgetyou leave the classroom.
68.I’m feeling h__________ now.Where can I get something to eat?
69.The box is too heavy for me.Would you please help me c __________it?
70.I’m dreaming of a white Christmas because it never snows in w __________in Guangzhou.ungryarryinter课件61张PPT。 中考题型解读第四节 阅读理解
题型突破
阅读理解是每年广州市中考试题的“重中之重”。此题型的分值为40分,约占整套试题总分的27%。阅读理解主要考查考生通过阅读短文而获取一定信息的能力。近几年的中考试题考查的文体多为记叙文、说明文、应用文等,考查内容比较广泛。不仅如此,阅读理解的文章在体裁方面也越来越多样化,广告、图表等应用文是近年来中考试题的新体裁；在内容方面,也更加体现了时代性和可读性,题材包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等方面。解题技巧
掌握中考英语阅读理解题的应试技巧,正确地理解和分析问题,考生应从以下几个方面入手：
1.抓住文章的首句和末句
文章段落的首句和末句,一般表达文章的主题和段落的中心思想,其他句子只起补充、说明、解释或引申的作用。因此,首先要搜索目标,找出文章及段落中的主题句。了解了它们的含义,就可以顺着提供的主要线索去捕捉文章的相关信息,从而获得解决问题的答案。2.进行合理推断
对文章有了详细而全面的理解之后,就要按照文章内容,上下文的逻辑关系,作出推理判断。阅读理解涉及词汇、语法、句型、段落结构、文化背景等各方面知识。答题时,要领会句子之间的逻辑关系,特别是相邻句子之间的关系,这样有利于理解全文。表示逻辑关系的标志词是连接词、副词、代词、介词短语、关系词、插入语等,通读时应特别注意。如：if, because, though, as, which, it, and,but,however,therefore,so,for example, so that,so...that,on one hand...,on the other(hand)...等词语。它们在上下文中具有条件原因、让步、指代、递进、对比、列举、结果、目的、承上启下等作用,正确理解并掌握这些词汇的作用,对做阅读理解题是大有好处的。
3.猜测推敲生词
阅读短文时,常常会遇到一些生词。这时,考生要沉着、冷静,细心思考。首先要把整段、整篇文章看完。通过对全篇短文的理解,就很有可能猜测出生词的大意。另外,还可以从含有生词句子的上下文,以及句子和段落之间的关系来判断、理解生词以求获得其真正含义。 猜测生词的另一种方法是,根据构词法推测。遇到生词后,可从构词法角度分析判断生词。例如：inexpensive一词,其中词根expensive的含义是“贵的”。in前缀是“不”的意思,因此可以猜知,此词词义为“不贵的,便宜的”。
4.利用常识解题
多了解一些常识性知识有利于阅读理解。如果对文章的相关背景有所了解,读起文章来一定既省时又省力。因此,在学习过程中,了解各方面的背景知识是十分重要的。考生应了解下列知识
(1)著名作家、艺术家及其主要作品；
(2)了解西方社会风土人情、社交活动、新年、圣诞节活动、宗教信仰、风俗习惯等；(3)多看新闻联播、世界各地和各类英语讲座等节目；
(4)使用各种工具书,查阅各类名词、术语、重大事件等；
(5)熟记常用的缩略词语。
5.正确理解题干
纵观历年中考试题,阅读理解试题一般有以下几种题型：一是直接回答who,whom,which,what,
where,when,why,how等疑问词引起的细节问题；二是猜测词义题；三是推理判断题；四是综合概括题。 在做阅读理解题时,一定要仔细看
完、看清楚试题要求再作答,特别要注意not,true,except等词。有时,要先看题后阅读文章,带着问题去读短文,可缩短阅读时间,效果也许会更好。
总之,阅读理解试题是中考试题中非常重要的一项内容,占有举足轻重的地位。如果学生按上述答题方法去做,再做些适当的练习,一定会在阅读理解试题上取得比较理想的成绩。真题分析
一、(2015广州)阅读理解(共20小题,每小题2分,满分40分)
阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
A
This is a tale of two friends—one is blind,
the other has no arms.On their own,the two are “disabled”.But together,they are a powerful team that has changed part of their village in North China’s Hebei Province into a rich,green forest.
Meet 53 year old Jia Haixia and Jia Wenqi! Their story began in 2000,when Haixia,who was already blind in his right eye,lost his left one after an illness.Wenqi lost his arms in an
accident when he was just three.
Neither could find a job,so the two decided to team up.They rented some poor land and began to plant trees.In return,the local officials paid them a small fee.Haixia and Wenqi never imagined that they would end up creating an environmental paradise.Their forest now has over 10,000 trees,hundreds of birds and many other wild animals.In addition,it saves the villagefrom river flooding during the rainy season.
When the friends work together,they focus on their strengths not their disabilities.Their day begins at 7 a.m.when the sightless Haixia carries Wenqi across the river to get to their worksite.
Since they cannot afford to buy young trees to plant,the two use branches from existing trees.Haixia climbs to the tree top and with Wenqi’s direction,selects the perfect branch.He then digs a hole and carefully plants it.Finally
Wenqi waters the area.
Though hard working,the men don’t makemuch money.But as Wenqi puts it,“We stand on our own feet,so the fruits of our work taste
sweeter.”
Neither Haixia nor Wenqi cares about money.Together,they already have everything they need—a perfect pair of eyes,two strong hands,and the best friendship in the world!( )46.Why did Haixia and Wenqi start working together?
A.Haixia needed someone to help him.
B.They both needed a way to make money.
C.They wanted to improve the environment.
D.They were required to do so by local officials.
( )47.Haixia and Wenqi’s forest has helped the village by__________.
A.stopping floods in the rainy season
B.increasing the number of tourists
C.making the villagers richer
D.providing more farmland BA( )48.Why do Haixia and Wenqi plant tree branches?
A.They are easy to get.
B.They do not cost money.
C.They can grow very quickly.
D.They are preferred by animals.
( )49.In Paragraph 5,when Wenqi says “We stand on our own feet,so the fruits of our work taste sweeter”,he means that “__________”.
A.they hope to make the forest even better
B.the fruits from their trees are very sweet
C.they are proud not to depend on others CBD.they are able to do any difficult work
( )50.What can we learn from this story?
A.Never give up and you will succeed.
B.We should help the disabled to work.
C.Try your best when facing difficulties.
D.We can achieve more with teamwork. D【语篇解读】本文是一则小故事。两个朋友均为残疾人，一个是盲人，另一个没有双臂。他们团结协作，互相配合，用扦插的树枝种植出一片森林，既做到了自食其力，又保护了村庄与环境。
46.B
解析：细节推理题。题目问的是Haixia和Wenqi开始一起工作的原因，这要原文定位到他们开始工作的段落——二、三段。 “The story began”这句话就提醒我们他们是一个powerful team的缘由。首先介绍他们身体的残缺，关键句：Neither could find a job,so the two decided to team up.这句话的so是关键字，表示前面不能找到工作是原因，结果是后面的他们组成了一个团队。从而从不能找到工作而组队这个细节推理出46题的答案B.they both needed a way to make money，故本题选B。
47.A
解析：细节理解题。这道题是比较典型的细节题，主要运用原文定位+排除法。题目问的是他们帮助村庄的方式，题目关键词：by。根据每段主题句（第一句）具体帮助村民的方式应该主要定位在第三段。第三段有2个关键点（通过in addition判断）：1.environmental paradise；2.save from flooding。由此逐一排除选项：B选项——文中没有提及；C选项——细节错误，他们帮助村民创建的是一个environmental paradise，专注于环境的改善，并非经济上的实际收益；D选项——信息错误，文中第三段仅仅提及他们租用土地，并非提供给其他村民farmland；A选项正确，定位原文第三段最后一句，他们帮助村民阻止雨季中的洪灾，故选A。
48.B
解析：细节题。题目问的是为什么他们种植树枝。关键词：tree branches。原文定位第四段第四行，关键词since，原因状语从句，表明他们使用树枝的原因是they cannot afford to buy youngtrees to plant，故选B,使用树枝的原因是不需要花钱。
49.C
解析：推理题。把题目提及句子定位到原文倒数第二段。他们觉得果实更加甜的原因是we stand on our own feet,根据语境这里表示的意思是自己能够独立，与C选项符合，故选C。
50.D
解析：主旨题。主旨题通常从首尾段看出，尤其最后段的感叹句强调了作者的情感，两个关键点：1.together；2.The best friendship。表明是他们的团队精神让他们能够创造出更多的成果。 B
Most of us probably live without vegetables,
but a world without chocolate? Now that would be hard! According to chocolate makers it could
happen if we don’t act soon.
There are two main causes of the chocolate shortage—chocolate’s growing popularity and less production of cocoa,the plant from which chocolate is made.With more and more people in India and China loving chocolate,not much
can be done about the first cause.
Therefore,the only thing we can do is toincrease cocoa production.However,new plant diseases and little rain in Ivory Coast and Ghana，the world’s largest producers,have reduced cocoa production by 40 percent in the past 10 years.What’s worse,many cocoa farmers in Africa and other cocoa producing countries like Indonesia and Venezuela are changing to easier to grow crops such as corn or rubber.This way,the farmers can make more money.
To prevent more farmers from changing,
researchers at the newly opened International Cocoa Control Centre,in the UK,are trying tocreate new cocoa plants that are stronger and faster growing.But first they must make sure the new plants are safe to grow.This takes a long
time.
First,each new plant is stored at the Control Centre for six months to make sure it is healthy.It is then planted in the Centre’s fields,studied and tested for another two years.Only after scientists are certain that they’re disease free,will the plants be sent to farmers in West Africa or
wherever else they are needed. To create new stronger types of cocoa,
scientists at the Centre are combining the best parts from different cocoa plants.Though the world is facing a serious chocolate shortage,
there is now hope!
( )51.The first paragraph tells us that________.
A.chocolate is healthier than vegetables
B.the world could soon be without chocolate
C.people love vegetables more than chocolate
D.it’s not necessary to eat so much chocolate B( )52.In which countries has chocolate become more popular in recent years?
A.Venezuela and Indonesia.
B.Ivory Coast and Ghana.
C.Indonesia and China.
D.China and India.
( )53.Cocoa farmers are choosing to grow rubber and corn because these crops_________.
A.can make them more money
B.need less rain to grow
C.can be planted more times each year
D.are not damaged by plant diseases DA( )54.How long does it take scientists at the Centre to make sure a cocoa plant is safe to grow?
A.6 months. B.12 months. C.24 months. D.30 months.
( )55.What is one of the purposes of the Cocoa Control Centre?
A.To introduce cocoa production to more countries.
B.To provide more chocolate for British people.
C.To produce stronger types of cocoa plants.
D.To make sure that cocoa is healthy to eat. DC【语篇解读】本文主要介绍巧克力的需求变大，而生产量减少，于是专家正在研究力求培育一种新型可可树。
51.B
解析：推理判断题。第一段中心句为“According to chocolate makers it could happen if we don’t act soon.”这里it指的是a world without chocolate。故选B。
52.D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话中的“With more and more people in India and China loving chocolate”故选D。 53.A
解析：细节理解题。第三段最后一句话：“This way,the farmers can make more money.”This指的是“cocoa farmers are changing to easier to grow crops such as corn or rubber.”故选A。
54.D
解析：推理判断题。由第五段中“First,each new plant is stored at the Control Centre for six months”“It is then planted in the Centre’s fields,studied and tested for another two years.”，得出需要2年6个月即30个月。故选D。55.C
解析：细节理解题。由第四段中“To prevent more farmers from changing,researchers at the newly opened International Cocoa Control Centre,in the UK,are trying to create new cocoa plants that are stronger and faster growing.”可知选C。 C
On March 3rd,1887,the lives of two amazing women were changed forever when Anne Sullivan,a poor university graduate,arrived at the home of the wealthy Keller family to teach their six year old daughter Helen.It was a difficult job as Helen was unable to see,hear or speak
because of illness.
Anne had been suggested to the Kellers by her university professor,a close friend of Mr.Keller.Before she arrived,Anne expected her new pupil to be a quiet,weak child.But Helen wasnothing like that.When Anne first walked through the Kellers’ door,the energetic Helen nearly knocked her over in her hurry to feel Anne’s face,
clothing and bag.
Helen was used to visitors bringing her sweets,and angrily tried to force open Anne’s case to take her candy.But Anne calmed her down by allowing Helen to play with her watch.
So began one of the most successful student
teacher relationships in history.
Anne Sullivan was only twenty years old when
she began teaching Helen.She had to not onlyteach the child all the usual school subjects,but also control Helen’s sometimes wild behaviour.
Her well meaning parents allowed Helen to do as she liked at home.Realizing that such an environment was unsuitable for at Radcliffe University,and learning,Anne requested that
she and Helen live in a small house nearby.
As soon as Helen began learning,it became clear that she was especially intelligent.She quickly learned to read and write,and by the age of ten she could also speak.
In 1900,Helen started studying graduatedfirst in her class in 1904.She was the very first blind and deaf person to get a university degree.
How did she do it? Anne Sullivan read all of Helen’s books and then signed the information into her hand.Anne remained at Helen’s side until her death in 1936.Helen became a world famous writer,and fought for disabled people’s
rights until her death on June 1st,1968.( )56.How did Anne come to work at the Kellers’ home?
A.She replied to a job advertisement.
B.She was introduced by her family friend.
C.She was recommended by her university professor.
D.She met Mr.Keller while studying at university.
( )57.What surprised Anne most about Helen when they first met?
A.How intelligent Helen was.
B.Helen gave Anne a gift.
C.The way Helen’s parents treated her. CDD.How forceful Helen was.
( )58.According to the passage,Helen’s parents__________.
A.allowed her to do as she wished
B.gave her too many gifts and sweets
C.did not spend much time with her
D.cared little about her education
( )59.Which of the following is NOT true about Helen’s university studies?
A.She was greatly helped by Anne.
B.She was the best student in her class.
C.She was able to graduate in three years. ACD.She was the first deaf and blind university graduate.
( )60.According to the passage,both Anne and Helen __________.
A.died in their 60s
B.were well educated
C.came from rich families
D.fought for human rights B【语篇解读】Anne Sullivan在她二十岁时由她的大学教授推荐给Helen当家庭教师，虽然Helen眼睛看不见，耳朵听不见，还不会说话，但在Anne老师的教诲下，她顺利大学毕业并成为了一位世界闻名的作家。
56.C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Anne had been suggested to the Kellers by her university professor,a close friend of Mr.Keller.”故选C。
57.D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“Before she arrived,Anne expected her new pupil to be aquiet,weak child.But Helen was nothing like that.”及Helen的表现“the energetic Helen nearly knocked her over in her hurry to feel Anne’s face,clothing and bag.”第三段“angrily tried to force open Anne’s case to take her candy.” 故选D。force open sth.意为“大力打开某物”，forceful意为“强有力的”。
58.A
解析：细节理解题。由第四段“Her well?meaning parents allowed Helen to do as she liked at home.”可知选A。 59.C 解析：细节理解题。由最后一段“In 1900,Helen started studying at Radcliffe University,and graduated first in her class in 1904.”可知一共学习了四年，故选C。
60.B 解析：细节理解题。此题可用排除法做。A选项，开头提到1887年时Helen是6岁，末尾提到她去世时是1968年，推断她去世时是87岁。C选项，由第一段“Anne Sullivan，a poor university graduate”得出C是错的。D选项文章只在最后一段提到了“Helen fought for disabled people’s rights”而不是“human rights”。师徒两人均读完大学，可以被称作是“well educated”。故选B。 D ( )61.“Dolphin Intelligence” is probably a story about dolphins’ __________.
A.eating habits
B.living places
C.learning activities
D.communication methods
( )62.What is true about New York according to the website?
A.People are now afraid to visit.
B.Millions of tourists go there.
C.It has some new activities.
D.It offers many big apples. DB( )63. A person going to the page “The Magic of Night Markets” would expect to find__________.
A.a long article about night markets
B.an interview with night market sellers
C.many photographs of newly market foods and food shops
D.many pictures of night market foods and food shops
( )64.From which page can a reader get some useful advice on photography?
A.Video. B.Visions of Earth. DCC.Your Shot. D.Photo of the Day.
( )65.What has been the most popular story on the website this week?
A.Top Danger for Lions:Hunting.
B.Controlling the Mekong.
C.A Day in New York.
D.Amazing Amazon. A【语篇解读】本文是一个网页，介绍了Main Stories（主要故事），Photography(摄影)，Most Read This Week(本周阅读排行)等内容。
61.D
解析：细节题。定位到Dolphin Intelligence段落，最后一句话，“what she discovered about dolphin communication and what dolphins say.”关键是海豚之间的沟通方式，故选D。
62.B
解析：细节题。定位到New York部分，采用排除法。A选项——错误，文中说的是曾经人们害怕这个城市（文中once 表“曾经”，并且用了过去式）并非A选项提及的now，信息不符。C选项——new activities与原文的interesting不符，偷换概念。D选项——与原文不符合，原文的Big Apple大写首字母应该为专有名词，并非真的apples，故不对。 B选项——与原文提及的“Now tourists are visiting New York each year”符合，选项中的millions of有“成千上万的，无数的”的含义，突出人数多，和原文表达意思一致。故选B。
63.D
解析：细节题。原文定位The Magic of Night Markets部分。依然采用排除法，A和B选项文章没有提及。C选项——与原文不符合，原文标题已经突出Night，并非newly market，再次偷换原文概念，混淆答案。D选项——正确，因为原文的the real attraction是夜市的食物，所以人们预期能看到关于夜市食物的照片。
64.C
解析：细节题。原文定位关于photography这个出现在三个大标题中的Photography。根据文中 “get helpful tips and advice”判断正确答案为C。
65.A
解析：细节题。原文第三个大标题：Most Read This Week表明最多人阅读的文章，第一位就是Top Danger for Lions: Hunting。故选A。题型分析
从上面的真题可以看出广州市中考阅读理解主要考查的题型有细节理解题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题、推理判断题等。下面我们就重点讲讲这几种题型的解题技巧：
题型一：细节理解题
在阅读理解题目中,有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。广东中考阅读理解中细节题的比重一般至少占二分之一。细节题主要考查考生对文章中阐述主题的细节与具体事实的把握能力。内容涉及询问事实、原因、结果、目的等。这些题目有两个共同特点： (1)凡属针对特定细节的考题,其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字作为验证。这一部分可能是一个单词或短语,也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子,但句式、用词和表达方式不同。
(2)干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂,正确答案的细节和非正确答案的细节混杂,甚至真假混杂。因此,解答这类试题时,考生应快速阅读材料,抓住大意后,迅速浏览考题,确定关键词。然后,根据这些关键词,运用查读法,迅速查找关键信息,进而分析这些信息的结构和意义,理清逻辑关系,最后确定正确答案。 题型二：词义猜测题
猜测词义是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的意义。猜测词义的方法主要有：
(1)根据文章中心或主题猜测词义。一般来说,要查找的生词都是与揭示文章主题有一定联系的,如果能够把握好文章的中心,往往有助于猜测出文章中的生词的含义。
(2)利用构词法猜测词义。前缀通常改变原来词语的词义,而不改变原来词语的词性。后缀通常改变原来词语的词性,但对词义的影响有时不明显,有时很明显。派生词的词义可依据“前缀变词义,后缀变词性”的原则来猜测词义。在阅读中,如果我们熟悉构成合成词的每个独立单词的词义,就可能猜出合成词的意思。例如： inexpensive一词,其中词根expensive的含义是“贵的”。in前缀是“不”的意思,因此可以猜知,此词词义为“不贵的,便宜的”。
(3)根据上下文的同义或对比关系来理解词义。同位关系是指文章中与之相关的同义词,同位语、定语(从句)等,如果能够借助它们的解释或定义,则很容易猜测出词义来。根据同义关系猜测词义,关键是要了解显示同义关系的线索。换句话说,破折号、逗号等标点符号,以及or,and,in other words,that’s to say,namely等词或短语就是这种线索。定语从句主要起修饰限制或补充说明先行词内容或性质的作用。因此,我们可以根据定语从句的内容推测出先行词的词义。对比关系是指上下文中的一些连词经常被用来表示转折关系,如果能够抓住说明事物的这种比较和对照的方法,就会给人“柳暗花明又一村”的感觉。常见的表示转折关系的词有but,however,instead,yet等。上文中的某些词或句子往往会为下文的生词埋下伏笔或作出暗示。上文中的某些词或句子往往会在下文有回应的地方。 (4)根据上下文的因果关系或顺承关系猜测词义。有什么样的原因就会产生什么样的结果,因果关系是文章中一种普遍的语言表达关系。在这种关系中如果知道了原因,结果也就知道了；反之,如果知道了结果,原因也就不难发现。
(5)根据生活经验或常识猜测词义。已有的生活经验和常识,往往会给阅读后的理解提供有力的支持。借助于已有的,推测陌生的,这就上升到了能力的提高,使生词的破解成为了可能。当然,有些词的确切含义还须综合应用几种方法才能正确猜出。 题型三：主旨大意题
主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。这类题目考查的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法,对文章进行高度概括或总结,属于高层次题。
主旨大意题的测试内容主要侧重“概括文章大意”和“确定文章的最佳标题”。常见设问形式的题干主要有：A.标题类
1)The best title/headline for this passage might be__________.
2)The text (passage) could be entitled________.
3)What is the best title for the passage?
4)Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?
B.大意类
1)This passage chiefly deals with__________.
2)What’s the topic of the article?
3)What is the subject discussed in the text?
4)With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned? 做这类主旨大意题时常用的方法是“略读法”。快速阅读文章找出各个段落的主题句。把各个段落的主题句联系起来,着眼于全文结构安排,了解文章的重心,就能概括出文章的中心。文章的标题是中心思想最精炼的表达形式,选择的标题意义范围要能涵盖全文,不能太大也不能太小。命题者在出这类题时,常常利用生活常识编造干扰项,把文中的细节当主旨,利用局部信息编造干扰项,编制超出文章范围的标题或不能涵盖文章中心意义的标题来考查考生的理解程度,考生要特别留意。
(1)标题类阅读理解题的解题技巧
标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式。在阅读中不仅要求考生能够通过自己已知的信息概括出段落的中心思想,而且还要对概括出的中心思想加以提炼,拟定出段落的标题。在测试中能够迅速而准确地选择标题。
文章标题可以是单词,短语,也可以是句子。标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容,抓住文章讨论的中心,把握作者的观点和意图。它的特点是：短小精悍,多为一短语；涵盖性强,一般要求能覆盖全文,其确定的范围要恰当,既不能太大,也不能太小；精确性强,不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。 (2)大意类阅读理解题的解题技巧
主旨大意类阅读理解题的一般范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法,对文章进行高度的概括或总结,属于高层次题。
解答该题型最关键的是找出主题句,把握文章主旨。主题句多在文章的开头或结尾,有的出现在中间。概括大意一般是先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句,若无明显主题句,就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句,记叙文中寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时,务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。此时,要注意一些转折词,如but,yet,however,
although,in spite of等。当文章中表示相反的观点时,往往用到这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点,排除迷惑性信息,准确归纳主旨大意。
题型四：推理判断题
中考英语阅读理解题中那些要求通过词、句、段,或通过计算去判断其他含义的题目属于推理判断题。推理判断题的考查每年都在中考英语阅读理解题中占有一定的比例。
判断推理的题目中常含有suggest,mean,learn,know,purpose等动词,或含有表示推测的情态动词can,could,might,would以及表示推断的副词probably,most likely等。
判断推理题的干扰选项有以下设置特点：1.将文章中一些从字面含义上就能了解到的信息作为干扰项；2.将不符合事实、逻辑的判断推理结果作为干扰项。
解答这类问题,头脑应当清楚：问题是要求把正确的选项圈出,还是要求把错误的选项圈出。有的考生不看清问题,就去选择选项,想当然地把正确的,符合文章事实的一项圈出,而问题明明问的是Which of the following is not true (mentioned),结果误选。
推理判断题的四个选项的设计一般有三种情况：
①四个选项中的信息集中在一两个句子里。这种是非题比较容易做。只要找到相关句,细细读一下就不难选定正确答案。
②四个选项中的信息集中在一段里。这样查读的范围要大一些,但还是比较容易的。验证一个,排除一个,答案就出来了。
③四个选项中的信息分散在全文。这种是非题就比较难做,因为要花较多的时间去找各个相关句,一一去查证。一般说来,应首先把四个选项都看一遍,根据第一遍读的印象和基本常识,尽可能先排除掉一两个,以减少查证的选项。实在排除不了,需要到文章中去一一查证的,次序也应从易到难,即从印象最深的,相关句最易找的,最容易证实的那个选项开始查。
推理计算题：计算题也是推理判断题中常见的形式,此类试题要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字,它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先理解文章的大意,然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。