【期末满分备战】Unit6知识梳理+新题模拟练-2024-2025学年九年级英语期末备战关关通（人教版）（带参考答案解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit6 When was it invented？
知识梳理+新题通关练
重点短语梳理
be invented in+地点/时间 被发明于某时某地 2、shoes with adjustable heels 可调后跟的鞋
3、change the style of sth 改变……的风格 4、see in the dark 在黑暗中看路
5、run on electricity 电动的 6、operate on sb 给某人动手术
7、think of 想出，想到 8、with pleasure 乐意效劳
9、such+(a/an)+形容词+名词 如此…… 10、think about (doing) sth. 考虑（做）某事
11、be used for (doing) sth 被用来做某事 12、by accident=by chance 意外地，偶然地
13、by mistake错误地 14、 in the end=finally=at last最后，终于
15、 seem to do sth 似乎要做某事 16、for a long time 好长时间
17、sprinkle A on B 把……撒在……上 18、not...until... 直到……才
19、at that time 在那时 20、over=more than 多于
21、according to 根据 22、It’s said that从句 据说……
23、boil drinking water 烧开水 24、over an open fire 在户外篝火上
25、fall into 落入 26、make tea 沏茶
27、It’s believed that从句 人们认为…… 28、decide to do 决定作某事
29、not...until... 直到……才…… 30、in this/that way 这/那样
31、take place （意料之中）发生 32、the popularity of... ……的普及
33、without doubt 毫无疑问 34、throw sth away 把……扔掉
35、in the1950s 在二十世纪五十年代 36、prefer ….to….. 更喜欢
37、at a low price 以低价 38、steal...from...从……偷……
39、translate...into...把……翻译成…… 40、notice sb do/doing 注意某人做过/正在做
41、all of a sudden 突然，猛地 42、make sb./sth. +形容词 使……怎么样
43、change...into... 把……变成…… 44、in history 在历史上
45、play indoors 在室内玩 46、stop...from... 阻止……做某事
47、on the same team 在同一个对 48、the safety of ... ……的安全
49、 knock into sb 撞到某人 50、divide…into… 把……划分成
51、the aim of … ……的目的 52、try to do sth 尽力做某事
53、get ... into ... 把……弄进…… 54、dream of/about 梦想做某事
55、not only...but also... 不但……而且…… 56、look up to 钦佩，羡慕
67、encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事
二、重点句子
1．But at that time，it wasn't used widely.但是在那时，它没被广泛应用。
2．It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discovery(n.) tea as a drink.据说，一个叫神农的中国统治者，是第一个发现茶可以作为一种饮料的人。
3．It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries.人们认为，茶在六世纪至七世纪传到了韩国和日本。
4．These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams.这些明星鼓励年轻人努力学习，去实现他们的梦想。
5．Basketball is a much loved and active sport that is enjoyed by many for fun and exercise.篮球是一项深受喜爱的充满活力的运动，许多人喜欢它是为了娱乐和锻炼。
6．Basketball was invented by a Canadian doctor named James Naismith，who was born in 1861.篮球是由一名叫詹姆斯·奈史密斯的加拿大博士发明的，他出生于1861年。
7．At the same time，they need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.同时，他们需要阻止竞争团队把球投进他们自己的篮筐里。
三、重点知识点梳理
1.I think the TV was invented before the car.我认为电视是在汽车之前被发明的。高频考点）
I think后面是一个宾语队句，此从句是一般过去时的被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态的基本结构为：was/were+及物动词的过去分词
2.Think about how often it’s used in our daily lives.想想在我们的日常生活中会多么频繁地使用它吧。
daily的用法
daily在本句中为形容词，意为“每日的；日常的”，只能放在名词前做定语，不能做表语，相当于everyday。
你没有读今天报纸上的每日新闻吗？Don’t you read the daily news in today’s newspaper？
要点拓展
（1）daily的用法小结
adj.每日的；日常的
→daily life日常生活
adv.每日，天天，相当于every day
n.日报
（2）与daily相似的词还有
weekly adj.每周的；adv.一周一次
monthly adj.每月的；adv.一月一次
yearly adj.每年的；adv.一年一次
3.For example, it mentioned that the zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson in 1893.比如说，它提到拉链是惠特科姆·贾德森在1893年发明的。
mention的用法
mention为及物动词，意为“提到；说到”，其后常跟名词、代词或从句。
mention sth. 提到某事/某物
mention doing sth. 提到做某事
mention sth.to sb. 向某人提起某事/某物
Mention+从句 提到……
他曾经提过这个想法。He once mentioned this idea.
无论何时我一提起一块吃顿饭，他就说他太忙。Whenever I mentioned having dinner together, he said he was too busy.
没人向我提过这事。Nobody mentioned anything to me about it.
她在她的信中提到她打算出国。She mentioned in her letter that she planned to go abroad.
要点拓展
Don’t mention it.是常见的口语表达，主要用来回答感谢，意为“不客气；不用谢”。有时也用来回答道歉。
-Thank you very much！非常感谢！
-Don’t mention it.别客气。
4.It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.据说一位叫作神农的中国统治者最早发现了茶可以饮用。
It is said that...意为“据说……"，其中比为形式主语，that从句是泰正的主语，be said是被动语态，其主动形式为“People/They say…”。
It is said that there has been a big rainstorm.据说，那里遭受了一场大暴风雨的袭击。
7 “It is+及物动词的过去分词+that...”句型的用法
用法分析 “It is+及物动词的过去分词+that…”的
It is believed that...人们认为……
It is known that...众所周知……
句型：
It is reported that...据报道……
It is supposed that...据猜测……
It is expected that...预计……
It is known that China is famous for the Great Wall.众所周知，中国以长城而闻名。
It is reported that 20 people were killed in the accident.据报道，20人死于这起事故。
5.Some leaves from a tea plant fell into the water and remained there for some time.茶树上有几片叶子掉入水里，并在水里待了一段时间。
remain的用法
remain做动词，意为“继续存在；保持不变；仍然是”。
How can we remain silent on this question？在这个问题上我们怎么能保持沉默呢？
要点拓展 （1）remain做动词，意为“逗留；停留；留下”，相当于stay。
How many weeks will you remain/stay here？你将在此停留几个星期？
（2）remain做动词，意为“剩下；遗留”。
Few people remained in the meeting room.会议室的人所剩无几。
（3）remain做动词，意为“剩下；残余”。
I can’t go to the cinema because I have a lot of homework remained undone.我不能去看电影，因为我还有很多作业没有做。
（4）remain做连系动词，意为“保持某种状态”时，相当于stay/keep，可以互换。
The window remained/stayed open.窗户还开着。
6.It produced a nice smell so he tasted the brown water.它散发出怡人的香味，于是神农品尝了这种褐色的水。
smell的用法（高频考点）
smell做可数名词，意为“气味”；做不可数名词，意为“嗅觉”。
它闻起来不新鲜。有煤气味。It doesn’t smell fresh. There is a smell of gas.
要点拓展 smell做系动词，意为“闻起来；闻出”，后接形容词或名词。smell做实义动词，意为“闻到”
The flowers smell sweet.这些花闻起来很香。
注意 表示感觉的系动词：smell闻起来；feel 感觉、集起来；sound听起来；taste老起来；look 看起来。其中 smell，sound，taste的主语只能是物；feel的主语可以是人，也可以是物。它们后面都接形容词故表语。
7.The fridge was sold at a low price.冰箱被低价出售了。
at a low price的用法
at a low price意为“以低价”。表示价格的高低，用high/low，不用expensive/cheap。修饰商品时，才能用expensive/cheap。
现在房价很高。House prices are very high now.
这个男孩以低价买了一件外套。The boy bought a coat at a low price.
要点拓展 low做形容词，意为“低的；矮的”，反义词为high（高的）。
I bought this house at a low price.我低价买了这套房子。
注意 当表示某物贵或便官用“物+be + expensive/cheap.”或“The price of+物+be + high/low.”，即物的贵贱一般用expensive/ cheap表示，价格的高低常用high/low表示。
The price of this computer is too high.
=The computer is too expensive.这台电脑的价格太贵了。
固定搭配
low短语 in a low voice低声地
at a low price以低价
low season淡季
have a low fever发低烧
8.Somebody stole my camera from my hotel room.有人从我的旅店房间里把我的相机给偷走了。
somebody的用法
somebody为不定代词，意为“某人；有人”，相当于someone，多用于肯定句中；用于疑问句时，期望得到肯定回答。somebody做主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
有人在敲门。There’s somebody knocking at the door.
somebody做名词，意为“重要人物”。
He must be somebody.他肯定是个人物。
要点辨析 somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody
相同点：做主语时谓语动词用单数；形容词修饰这些词要后置。
somebody=someone 某人，用于肯定句中或征询意见的疑问句中
anybody=anyone 任何人，用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中
nobody=no one 没有人，无人，本身为否定含义
everybody=everyone 每人，人人，不能用来指物
I can hear somebody moving about upstairs.我能听到楼上有人走动。
I didn’t see anybody there.我在那儿没有看见任何人。
I’ve called but nobody answered.我打电话了，但是没有人接。
Is everyone here today？今天大家到齐了吗？
9.Different writers translated the book into different languages.不同的作家把这本书翻译成不同的语言。
translate的用法
translate为及物动词，意为“翻译”。常用结构：translate...into...意为“把……译成……”。
你能把这篇课文译成汉语吗？Can you translate the text into Chinese？
词形转换
translate v.翻译 translator n.译员
translation n.翻译，译文
The girl acted as a translator for the two strangers from different countries.这个女孩为来自不同国家的两个陌生人做翻译。
10.The earthquake happened all of a sudden, but luckily the villagers were brought to a safe place.地震发生得很突然，但幸运的是，村民们被带到了一个安全的地方。
all of a sudden的用法
all of a sudden为固定短语，意为“突然；猛地”，在句中做状语，可位于句首或句末，相当于suddenly。
突然，我意识到自己该做什么。All of a sudden, I realized what I had to do.
要点拓展（1）sudden做形容词，意为“突然的；急剧的”；sudden做名词，意为“突然”。
（2）副词suddenly意为“突然地”，修饰动词或形容词。
She suddenly began to cry.她突然开始大哭。
11.The customer was happy in the end.最后这位顾客很高兴。
in the end的用法
in the end意为“最后，终于”，相当于at last，finally。
他们最终赢得了比赛。They won the game in the end.
要点拓展（1）at the end of意为“在……结束时；在……尽头”，其后可接表示时间、地点的名词。
We’ll go to the Great Wall at the end of this month.本月末我们将去参观长城。
（2）by the end of意为“到……为止”，后接时间名词，常与一般将来时/完成时连用。
We have planted 500 trees by the end of this year.到今年年底，我们已经种了500棵树。
12.Dr.Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them to play his new game.奈史密斯博士把他班级里的男生分成两队，教他们玩他的新游戏。
divide...into...的用法
divide...into...意为“把……分开；把……划分为”，其中divide为及物动词，意为“分开；分散”，也可用于被动语态中，即be divided into...，意为“被划分为……”。
这个国家被划分为50个州。This country is divided into fifty states.
要点辨析 divide，separate
divide 指把一个整体分为若干部分，常与into连用。
separate 指把原来在一起的个体分开，常与from连用。
The earth is divided into twenty-four time zones, one hour apart.地球被分为24个时区，每个时区相差一个小时。
England is separated from France by the channel.英国和法国之间隔着这个海峡。
13.At the same time, hey need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.同时，他们还要阻止对方把球投进他们自己队的篮筐里。
stop sb./sth. from doing sth.的用法
stop sb./sth.（from）doing sth.意为“阻止某人/某物做某事”，相当于prevent sb./sth.（from）doing sth.（阻止/防止某人/某物做某事）。以上from可以省略。keep sb./sth.from doing sth.也有此意，但from不能省略。
什么也阻止不了他戒烟。Nothing can stop him（from ）giving up smoking.
=Nothing can prevent him （from）giving up smoking.
=Nothing can keep him from giving up smoking.
注意 stop sb. /sth.（from） doing sth.和prevent sb. /sth （from） doing sth.在被动语态中from不可以省略。
The water must be prevented from being polluted by us.我们必须保护水不受污染。
14.Today, the popularity of basketball has risen around the world, with many young people dreaming of becoming famous players.如今，随着许多年轻人都梦想成为著名的篮球运动员，篮球在世界各地越来越受欢迎。
dream of/about（doing）sth.的用法
dream of/about（doing）sth.意为“梦想/梦见（做）某事”。
Some day my dream of becoming a teacher will come true.总有一天我当教师的梦想会实现。
要点拓展 dream做名词，意为“梦，梦想”；做动词，意为“做梦；梦见”。
Everyone has his dreams.每个人都有梦想。
He often dreams at night.他晚上经常做梦。
注意 “某人实现梦想”用sb. achieve one’s dream；“某人梦想会实现”用one’s dream will come true。
15.Basketball has not only become a popular sport to play, but it has also become a popular sport to watch.篮球不仅成为一项人们喜欢玩的运动，它也成为一项人们喜欢观看的运动。
not only...but also...的用法（高频考点）
not only...but also..意为“不但……而且……”
Reading can not only increase our knowledge, but also bring us pleasure.阅读不仅能增长我们的知识，而且给我们带来快乐。
中考特殊考点 本结构在使用时要遵循以下三个原则：
（1）并列原则：not only...but also...为并列连词词组，用来连接两个并列成分（主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语），也可以连接两个句子，强调后者，also可以省略。
He not only writes well but also speaks fluently.他不但写得好，而且说得流利。（连接谓语）
（2）主谓一致原则：not only...but also...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要和与其最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。
Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan.不仅学生，老师也反对这个计划。
（3）倒装原则：not only...but also...连接两个并列分句时，not only置于句首，表示强调，其引导的句子要用部分倒装，即将谓语动词的一部分（如情态动词、助动词等）放在主语的前面，而but also后的句子用正常语序。
Not only do I feel good about helping people, but also I get to spend time doing what I love to do.我不仅感到帮助别人很好，而且我开始把时间用在我喜欢做的事情上。
16.Many young people look up to these basketball heroes and want to become like them.许多年轻人都仰慕这些篮球英雄，并想成为像他们一样的人。
1ook up to的用法
look up to表示“钦佩；仰慕；尊重（某人）”。反义短语为look down on（看不起）。
他们都很钦佩他们的老师。They all look up to their teacher.
男学生通常很钦佩运动名将。Schoolboys usually look up to great athletes.
look up to还表示“抬头看……”。
固定搭配 look的相关短语：look around环视，往四周看；look after照看，照顾；look at看；look for寻找；look forward to 盼望，期待；look like 看起来像；look out当心，小心；look back at回首（往事），回忆。
17.These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams.这些球星也鼓励着年轻人为实现他们自己的梦想而努力。
encourage的用法（高频考点）
用法分析 encourage做动词，意为“鼓励；促进”。
常用结构：encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人去做某事；encourage sb.in sth.在某方面鼓励某人。
Mr. Wang always encourages us to speak English in the class.王老师总是鼓励我们在课堂上说英语。
四、语法总结
一般过去时的被动语态
一、基本用法
1.一般过去时的被动语态的构成
一般过去时的被动语态由“was/were+及物动词的过去分词”构成，be的单复数形式根据主语而定。
2.一般过去时的被动语态的句式变化
句式 构成
肯定句形式 主语+was/were+过去分词（+by...）...
否定句形式 主语+was/were + not+过去分词（+by...）...
一般疑问句 Was/Were+主语+过去分词（+by...）...？肯定回答：Yes，主语+was/were.否定回答：No，主语+wasn’t/weren’t.
特殊疑问句形式 特殊疑问词+was/were（十主语）+过去分词（+by...）…？
【教材原句】Potato chips were invented by mistake.薯片是无意中被发明的。
I wasn’t told to attend the meeting yesterday.昨天没有人告诉我去参加那个会议。
Was she asked to sing the first song at the party？她被要求在派对上唱第一首歌吗？
【教材原句】When was the telephone invented？电话是什么时候被发明的？
二、难点突破
1.强调或突出动作的承受者，将承受者作为谈话中心时用被动语态。这类句子常有一个by短语说明动作的执行者，有时也可省略by短语。
Books in the reading room mustn’t be taken out.阅读室的书禁止被带出去。
2.不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。
Paper is made from wood.纸是木头制成的。
3.动作的执行者不是人，而是无生命的事物。
Many traffic accidents are caused by careless driving.很多交通事故是由粗心驾驶造成的。
4.为了表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作执行者或说话者自己。
You are wished to do it more carefully.希望你做得更认真一点。
三、特殊用法
在主动句中动词make，see，hear，watch，find，notice等后接动词不定式做宾语补足语时，动词不定式都要去掉to，但在变被动语态时，后面的不定式一定要加上to，再加动词原形。
新题通关练
一、用所给单词适当形式填空
1．Thousands of people were forced (leave) their home because of the Typhoon Bebinca.
2．The boy who broke his neighbor’s window (punish) by his father yesterday.
3．An (invent) may be a new product or a new way of doing things.
4．I don’t like the (think) of you walking home alone.
5．As soon as he (offer) a well-paid job, he called his parents to tell them the good news.
6．We were happy to see that Sun Yingsha and Wang Chuqin (present) with gold medals.
7．The paintings he devoted all his life to (show) successfully last week.
8．It’s said that tea (bring) to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries.
9．There are about ten kinds of animals on his farm, (include) two horses.
10．I (remind) to treasure the peaceful life by the film The Volunteers: To the War last week.
11．Our school bought some physics (instrument) last week.
12．Not only the twins but also Jack (choose) without any doubt to be leaders of the team last week.
13．—What can we do to stop the baby from (cry)
—Maybe we can buy something delicious for her.
14．Doctor Norman Bethune is one of the (Canada) who have contributed to China.
15．It (believe) that the three astronauts have landed safely.
二、单项选择
16．The 2024 Olympic Games ________ in Paris, and China won 40 gold medals.
A．are held B．held C．were held D．were holding
17．The road ________ so brightly by the moon that it was easy for Hansel and Gretel to find their way home.
A．lights B．is lit C．lit D．was lit
18．Last month, more than 200 Chinese people in Lebanon (黎巴嫩) ________ to safety by the Chinese government.
A．move B．are moved C．moved D．were moved
19．After Fengxian Museum ________, it became a new tourist attraction.
A．completed B．completes C．is completed D．was completed
20．The words that we should pay attention to ________ down just now.
A．were written B．writing C．being written D．write
21．—Paper is a great invention of ancient China.
—Yes. The book ________ that Cai Lun invented it about 2, 000 years ago.
A．talks B．mentions C．lists D．calls
22．Don’t sleep for ________ eight hours. As a teenager, you need enough sleep at night.
A．more than B．at least C．less than D．rather than
23．The Forbidden City (紫禁城), one of the largest palaces in the world, ________ more than 600 years ago.
A．built B．were built C．was built D．was building
24．The task ________ into four parts. The workers finished them easily.
A．is divided B．will be divided C．was divided D．has divided
25．—The 2023 Space Day of China on April 24 ________ at Hefei Binhu International Convention and Exhibition Centre.
—How exciting! Our hometown is becoming stronger and stronger.
A．is celebrated B．was celebrated C．will be celebrated D．celebrated
三、完型填空
When Heman Bekele was 6, he received a gift—a chemistry set. He used it to make “potions (药水)”. At that time, only his parents knew his work. Now, at 15, there are a lot more people 26 his work.
In October 2023, 3M and Discovery Education named Heman as the 27 of their Young Scientist Challenge with a prize of $25,000 because he invented a soap (肥皂) that could one day be used to 28 some kinds of skin cancer.
Heman was born in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia, in Africa. He 29 to the US with his family at 4. He remembers seeing people in Africa working in the hot sun without any 30 for their skin. But that can be the main cause of skin cancer.
Skin-cancer treatments 31 cost about $40,000. Heman wondered if there was a 32 way. He thought of adding a skin-cancer medicine to soap.
“What is something that everyone is able to buy ” Heman thought to himself. “Everyone uses soap and water for cleaning. Therefore, soap would probably be the best 33 .”
It could take years before the soap is ready to be sold. But Heman, a 10th grader at Woodson High School, is determined (坚定的). Over the summer, he spent every weekday in a 34 . When he goes back to school this fall, he’ll be in the lab less often. But he’ll keep working hard to make his dream come true.
Heman encourages all kids to dream big. “Just keep inventing things,” he says. “Keep thinking of new ways to 35 our world.”
26．A．forgetting B．showing C．helping D．watching
27．A．winner B．learner C．visitor D．researcher
28．A．push B．lead C．treat D．send
29．A．moved B．walked C．rode D．ran
30．A．change B．protection C．guess D．preparation
31．A．still B．only C．usually D．also
32．A．safer B．smarter C．quicker D．cheaper
33．A．choice B．technology C．business D．support
34．A．school B．lab C．hospital D．classroom
35．A．save B．change C．improve D．build
四、阅读理解
A
According to the report, during the past summer vacation, a 15-year-old boy made a model plane on his own in less than a month. Then he flew it successfully, which surprised all the people around him.
The boy named Li Banghua is from Hefei, Anhui. He made the model plane by himself. It is 0.6 metres wide, has a wingspan (翼展) of 4.4 metres and weighs about 40 kilos. Li just finished his high-school entrance exam (入学考试) a year ago and got good grades. After the exam, he threw himself into the work of making the model plane at once.
Li has been interested in model planes since he was a child. And he has been studying and building model planes for years. This time the model plane is the largest he has ever built and he considers it the most successful one.
During the process (过程) of building the plane, he failed many times. “But the biggest difficulty I had was that the adults couldn’t understand me well,” Li said. “When I said I was going to build a model plane, a lot of adults thought it was impossible. But I decided to keep on working hard. That is because once I start something, giving up is not a choice for me.”
When talking about his future, he said he dreamed of becoming a plane engineer.
36．How does the writer begin the text
A．By showing a saying. B．By telling the news.
C．By showing a dialogue. D．By asking a question.
37．How much does the model plane weigh
A．4 kilos. B．4.4 kilos. C．40 kilos. D．60 kilos.
38．What was the biggest difficulty for Li Banghua
A．The lack of help. B．The lack of time.
C．The lack of money. D．The lack of understanding.
39．What can we learn from his experience
A．It’s never too late to learn. B．Facts speak louder than words.
C．To help others makes us happy. D．Where there is a will, there is a way.
40．Which can be a proper title for the text
A．A Boy’s Best Choice. B．History of Model Planes.
C．A Boy and His Model Planes. D．The Development of Model Planes.
B
How do we know the time A clock, a watch or a mobile phone can help us. However, many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries, people have developed different ways of telling the time.
About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians invented the sun clock. This was a tall stone building. Its shadow (影子) showed the movement of the sun. So people were able to know midday. The Egyptians made a sundial about 3,500 years ago. It was smaller than the sun clock and could let people know the time for half a day. On cloudy days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial. Water clocks were the first clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows (流动) from one bottle to another. When the water reaches a certain level, it shows the hours. The Egyptians used water clocks about 3,400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China. But they failed to make people know the exact time.
In the 13th century, the mechanical clock was invented. This was more exact, but it was expensive to make one. Over the next few centuries it was developed. For example, spring (发条) were added around 1500. This enabled people to get the correct time and allowed clocks to be smaller. In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed. Clocks became cheaper to build. It’s also cheaper for ordinary people to own a clock. People began depending on them more and more to run business, markets and so on. More recently, in 1956, came the digital clock. And nowadays satellites send our mobile phones the time to the exact second.
There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping. Clocks are always changing but some things never change. Many of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not being late for school or work.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
41．According to the passage, we can’t use the ________ to tell the time on a rainy day.
A．water clock B．sun clock
C．digital clock D．mechanical clock
42．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “ordinary” in the third paragraph
A．modern B．special C．rich D．common
43．How many kinds of clocks are mentioned in the passage
A．Four. B．Five. C．Six. D．Seven.
44．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage
（①—paragraph 1, ②—paragraph 2, …）
B．
C． D．
45．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．The importance of time. B．The development of timekeeping.
C．The inventions of clocks. D．The history of a digital clock.
五、短文填空
阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。
The oil-paper umbrella has a history of over 100 years in China. It used to be a tool for daily use.
There are different 46 (story) about the origin of the umbrella in China. The most popular one is related to Lu Ban. It is said that once he and his younger sister visited the West Lake. It started raining suddenly. The sister said, “Let’s have a competition. Before sunrise tomorrow, 47 one who comes up with a way for people to visit the West Lake on rainy days will be the 48 (win).” Lu Ban thought it was easy. He collected tools and materials and spent the whole night 49 (build) pavilions (凉亭) around the lake. He was quite confident about his efforts.
The next morning, when Lu Ban was talking proudly about his achievements, his sister held something 50 (usual) in her hand. Lu Ban was surprised. He found that the object 51 (make) of silk and bamboo could be opened and closed 52 (easy). It was light, beautiful and easy to carry. Lu Ban said “You win. Your ‘pavilion’ can protect us 53 rain.” And the umbrella was invented.
Later, when paper was invented, people used much 54 (cheap) paper to replace silk, cutting the cost of umbrellas. To make the umbrella waterproof, people brushed tung oil (桐油) across the surface. That was 55 the oil-paper umbrella was invented.
参考答案：
1．to leave
【详解】句意：由于台风贝宾卡，成千上万的人被迫离开家园。根据“Thousands of people were forced…their home because of the Typhoon Bebinca.”及提示词可知，be forced to do sth.“被迫做某事”，固定搭配；leave“离开”，动词。故填to leave。
2．was punished
【详解】句意：那个打破邻居窗户的男孩昨天受到了他父亲的惩罚。句子主语是“The boy who broke his neighbor’s window”，谓语动词是“punish”，根据句子结构和时间状语“yesterday”可知，动作发生在过去，且主语“the boy”是被动接受动作，因此使用一般过去时的被动语态，构成是“was/were+过去分词”；主语“the boy”为单数，所以填was；punish的过去分词为punished。故填was punished。
3．invention
【详解】句意：发明也许是一个新的产品或者做事情的一种新的方式。根据“an”可知横线处用名词形式，invent“发明”，动词，其名词形式是invention。故填invention。
4．thought
【详解】句意：我不喜欢你独自走路回家这个想法。根据“the ... of”可知，此处应用think的名词thought，意为“想法”。故填thought。
5．was offered
【详解】句意：他一得到一份报酬优厚的工作，就给父母打电话告诉他们这个好消息。根据主语“he”和提示词“offer提供”构成被动关系，且结合“he called his parents to tell them the good news.”可知，这里的时态是一般过去时，所以此处要用一般过去时的被动语态，所以要用“was+过去分词”。故填was offered。
6．were presented
【详解】句意：我们很高兴看到孙颖莎和王楚钦获得金牌。present“颁发”，主语Sun Yingsha and Wang Chuqin与present之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态，结合“were”可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态（was/were done），主语表复数，be动词用were。故填were done。
7．were shown
【详解】句意：他倾注毕生心血的那些画上周成功展出了。主语the paintings是动词show的承受者，需用被动语态，时间状语last week指过去的时间，应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were+done，主语为复数形式，需用were，show的过去分词为shown。故填were shown。
8．was brought
【详解】句意：据说茶叶是在6世纪和7世纪传到韩国和日本的。bring“带到”，主语tea和bring之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，结构为be+done，根据“during the 6th and 7th centuries”可知，时态为一般过去时，主语tea是单数，be动词用was，bring的过去分词为brought。故填was brought。
9．including
【详解】句意：他的农场里大约有十种动物，包括两匹马。分析句子结构可知，句子谓语动词为“are”，因此这里应用介词短语作状语；应将include改为其介词形式including“包括”，符合语境。故填including。
10．was reminded
【详解】句意：上周的电影《志愿军：雄兵出击》提醒我珍惜和平的生活。remind“提醒”，主语I和remind是逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态，结构为be+done，根据last week可知，时态为一般过去时，be动词用was，remind的过去分词为reminded。故填was reminded。
11．instruments
【详解】句意：我们学校上周买了一些物理仪器。instrument“器械，仪器”，名词；由“some”可知，名词要用复数形式。故填 instruments。
12．was chosen
【详解】句意：上周，不仅是这对双胞胎，杰克也被毫无疑问地选为队长。根据“last week”可知，时态为一般过去时，又根据分析句子“Not only the twins but also Jack…without any doubt to be leaders of the team last week.”可知，主语是Not only the twins but also Jack，遵循“就近原则”，结合所给词可知，主语与谓语动词choose之间是被动关系，所以此处要用一般过去时的被动语态，was chosen，意为“被选择”符合语境，故填was chosen。
13．crying
【详解】句意：——我们能做些什么来阻止婴儿哭？——也许我们可以给她买些好吃的。stop sb from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”，是固定短语，from是介词，后接doing形式，故填crying。
14．Canadians
【详解】句意：诺尔曼·白求恩医生是对中国做出很大贡献的加拿大人之一。根据“Doctor Norman Bethune is ...”及所给词可知，诺尔曼·白求恩医生是加拿大人，Canadian意为 “加拿大人”，one of+可数名词复数形式Canadians。故填Canadians。
15．is believed
【详解】句意：人们相信三名宇航员已经安全着陆。此处使用被动语态，表示“据信”或“被认为”，结构为“it is believed that…”。故填is believed。
16．C
【详解】句意：2024年奥林匹克运动会在巴黎举行，中国赢得了40枚金牌。
考查被动语态。are held举办，一般现在时的被动语态；held举办，一般过去时；were held举办，一般过去时的被动语态；were holding举办，过去进行时。根据句意可知，“2024”以及“China won 40 gold medals”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，因此应用一般过去时态；“The 2024 Olympic Games”与“hold”为被动关系，本句应该用被动语态，构成为“be+动词过去分词”，“were held”表示“奥运会在巴黎举行”。故选C。
17．D
【详解】句意：月光照亮了道路，汉塞尔和格蕾特很容易找到回家的路。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“The road … so brightly by the moon that it was easy for Hansel and Gretel to find their way home.”可知，此处为时态为一般过去时，且名词road和动词light为被动关系，其结构为was done，light的过去分词为lit。故选D。
18．D
【详解】句意：上个月，200多名在黎巴嫩的中国人被中国政府转移到了安全的地方。
考查动词的时态和语态。根据“Last month”可知，句子应用一般过去时，主语“more than 200 Chinese people”与动词“move”之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were + 过去分词”。故选D。
19．D
【详解】句意：奉贤博物馆建成后，它成为了新的旅游胜地。
考查动词的时态和语态。“Fengxian Museum”和“complete”是被动关系，应用被动语态“be done”，排除选项A和B；根据“it became…”可知此处应用一般过去时“was completed”。故选D。
20．A
【详解】句意：我们应该注意的单词刚才写了。
考查被动语态。根据“just now”可知，时态是一般过去时；主语是The words，与谓语write之间是动宾关系，因此此处使用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done，主语是复数，be动词用were。故选A。
21．B
【详解】句意：——纸是中国古代的一项伟大发明。——是的。这本书提到蔡伦在大约2000年前发明了它。
考查动词辨析。talks谈话；mentions提到；lists列举；calls打电话。分析选项和“The book...that Cai Lun invented it about 2, 000 years ago.”可知，此处表示这本书提到蔡伦在大约2000年前发明了纸。故选B。
22．C
【详解】句意：睡眠时间不要少于八小时。作为一名青少年，你在晚上需要充足的睡眠。
考查介词短语。more than超过；at least至少；less than少于；rather than而不是。根据“Don’t sleep for...eight hours.”和常识可知，睡眠时间不应少于八小时。故选C。
23．C
【详解】句意：紫禁城是世界上最大的宫殿之一，建于600多年前。
考查动词时态和语态。主语和动词之间是被动关系，且“600 years ago”是一般过去时的标志，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done。主语是“The Forbidden City (紫禁城)”，即be动词用was，故选C。
24．C
【详解】句意：这个任务被分成了四个部分，工人们很容易的完成了它。
考查被动语态。is divided一般现在时的被动语态；will be divided一般将来时的被动语态；was divided一般过去时的被动语态；has divided现在完成时。根据后半句中的“finished”可知句子时态用一般过去时。且句子的主语The task和谓语动词divide之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态结构为：was/were+动词的过去分词。故选C。
25．B
【详解】句意：——4月24日，2023年中国航天日在合肥滨湖国际会展中心举行。——太令人兴奋了！我们的家乡越来越强大。
考查被动语态。根据“The 2023 Space Day of China on April 24…at Hefei Binhu International Convention and Exhibition Centre.”句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词celebrate和主语The 2023 Space Day of China为被动关系，需要用一般过去时的被动语态形式。故选B。
26．D 27．A 28．C 29．A 30．B 31．C 32．D 33．A 34．B 35．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了15岁的赫曼发现了一种可以治疗皮肤癌的肥皂，并讲述了他的梦想。
26．句意：现在，他15岁了，有更多的人帮助他的工作。
forgetting忘记；showing展示；helping帮助；watching关注。根据“At that time, only his parents knew his work. Now, at 15, there are a lot more people…his work”可知，此处是说现在有更多的人关注他的工作。故选D。
27．句意：2023年10月，3M公司和探索教育公司宣布赫曼为青年科学家挑战赛的获胜者，奖金为2.5万美元，因为他发明了一种肥皂，有朝一日可以用来治疗某些类型的皮肤癌。
winner胜利者；learner学习者；visitor游客；researcher调查员。根据“3M and Discovery Education named Heman as the…of their Young Scientist Challenge with a prize of $25,000”可知，他是这次挑战的胜利者。故选A。
28．句意：2023年10月，3M公司和探索教育公司宣布赫曼为青年科学家挑战赛的获胜者，奖金为2.5万美元，因为他发明了一种肥皂，有朝一日可以用来治疗某些类型的皮肤癌。
push推；lead导致；treat治疗；send发送。根据“he invented a soap (肥皂) that could one day be used to…some kinds of skin cancer”可知，他发明的肥皂可以治疗皮肤癌。故选C。
29．句意：他4岁时随家人移居美国。
moved移动；walked走路；rode骑；ran跑。根据“Heman was born in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia, in Africa”可知，是搬到了美国。故选A。
30．句意：他记得在非洲看到人们在烈日下工作，没有任何皮肤保护。
change改变；protection保护；guess猜；preparation准备。根据“He remembers seeing people in Africa working in the hot sun without any…for their skin”可知，是没有任何皮肤保护在烈日下工作。故选B。
31．句意：皮肤癌的治疗费用通常在4万美元左右。
still仍然；only仅仅；usually通常；also也。根据“Skin-cancer treatments…cost about $40,000”可知，此处指通常需要花费多少治疗费用。故选C。
32．句意：赫曼想知道是否有更便宜的方法。
safer更安全；smarter更聪明；quicker更快；cheaper更便宜。根据“Skin-cancer treatments…cost about $40,000”可知，他想找到更便宜的治疗办法。故选D。
33．句意：“每个人都用肥皂和水来清洁。因此，肥皂可能是最好的选择。”
choice选择；technology科技；business生意；support支持。根据“Everyone uses soap and water for cleaning. Therefore, soap would probably be the best…”可知，他认为肥皂是最好的选择。故选A。
34．句意：整个夏天，他每个工作日都在实验室里度过。
school学校；lab实验室；hospital医院；classroom教室。根据“When he goes back to school this fall, he’ll be in the lab less often”可知，他一直在实验室里做实验。故选B。
35．句意：“不断思考新的方法来改善我们的世界。”
save拯救；change改变；improve提高；build建造。根据“Keep thinking of new ways to…our world”可知，是通过不停地思考，想出新的方法来改善世界。故选C。
36．B 37．C 38．D 39．D 40．C
【导语】本文介绍一个合肥的男孩喜欢制作飞机模型，虽然其他人不相信他能成功，但他努力坚持最终成功了，他梦想未来成为一名飞机工程师。
36．细节理解题。根据“According to the report, during the past summer vacation, a 15-year-old boy made a model plane on his own in less than a month.”可知，文章开头通过讲述一个新闻故事介绍了李邦华和他的飞机模型制作。故选B。
37．细节理解题。根据“It is 0.6 metres wide, has a wingspan (翼展) of 4.4 metres and weighs about 40 kilos.”可知，飞机模型的重量约为40千克。故选C。
38．细节理解题。根据“‘But the biggest difficulty I had was that the adults couldn’t understand me well,’ Li said.”可知，在制作飞机模型的过程中，李邦华遇到的最大的困难是缺少成年人的理解。故选D。
39．推理判断题。根据“‘But I decided to keep on working hard. That is because once I start something, giving up is not a choice for me.’”可知，在制作飞机模型的过程中，李邦华遇到了很多困难。尽管很多成年人认为李邦华制作出一个飞机模型是不可能的，但他还是决定继续努力。因为他一旦开始做一件事就不会放弃。最终他成功制作出了飞机模型。由此可推知，从李邦华的经历中我们可以了解到“有志者，事竞成”。故选D。
40．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了合肥男孩李邦华通过努力最终独立制作出了一架飞机模型的故事。因此C项“一个男孩和他的飞机模型”是本文的最佳标题。故选C。
41．B 42．D 43．C 44．A 45．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类历史上计时工具的发展，从古埃及的太阳钟和水钟，到机械钟、石英钟，再到现代的数字钟和卫星时间同步，强调了时间测量技术的进步以及它对人类生活的影响。
41．细节理解题。根据“On cloudy days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial.”可知，在阴天或晚上，不可能用太阳钟或日晷来报时。由于雨天通常也是阴天，因此日晷在雨天也无法使用。故选B。
42．词句猜测题。根据“Clocks became cheaper to build. It’s also cheaper for ordinary people to own a clock.”可知，钟表制造变得便宜了，普通人拥有一块钟表也便宜了。因此，“ordinary”在这里的意思是“普通的”。故选D。
43．细节理解题。根据“About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians invented the sun clock.”，“ The Egyptians made a sundial about 3,500 years ago.”，“In the 13th century, the mechanical clock was invented. ”，“In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed.”，“More recently, in 1956, came the digital clock. ”可知大约5500年前，埃及人发明了太阳钟；埃及人在3500年前制造了日晷；水钟是第一个不使用太阳的钟；在13世纪，机械钟被发明；1927年，第一个石英钟被发明；1956年，出现了数字钟。总共六种钟。故选C。
44．篇章结构题。根据文章内容，文章第一段介绍了我们如何知道时间，第二段和第三段介绍了古代人们计时的方法现代计时工具的发展，第四段总结了计时技术的进步和一些不变的事情。因此，文章的结构是①—②③—④。选项A中的结构与此相符。故选A。
45．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping. Clocks are always changing but some things never change.”可知，文章主要讲述了计时技术的进步和变化。故选B。
46．stories 47．the 48．winner 49．building 50．unusual 51．made 52．easily 53．from 54．cheaper 55．how
【导语】本文讲了油纸伞源于中国，历史悠久，传说与鲁班有关，巧妙设计，保护人们不受雨淋。
46．句意：关于雨伞在中国的起源有不同的故事。根据“There are”可知，此空填名词复数，story的复数形式为stories。故填stories。
47．句意：明天日出之前，谁能想出一个办法让人们在雨天也能游览西湖，谁就是赢家。根据“who comes up with a way”可知，此处特指“想出方法的那个人”，所以填定冠词the表“特指”，故填the。
48．句意：明天日出之前，谁能想出一个办法让人们在雨天也能游览西湖，谁就是赢家。根据“the”可知，此空填名词，win的名词形式winner“赢家”符合句意。故填winner。
49．句意：他收集了工具和材料，花了一整夜在湖边建造凉亭。根据“spent the whole night”可知，考查 spend time doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，所以填动名词形式building。故填building。
50．句意：第二天早上，当鲁班自豪地谈论他的成就时，他的妹妹手里拿着一件不同寻常的东西。根据“something”可知，此处填形容词修饰代词；根据“Lu Ban was surprised.”可知，鲁班吃惊，所以是不同寻常的东西，unusual“不同寻常的”符合句意。故填unusual。
51．句意：他发现这个由丝绸和竹子制成的东西可以很容易地打开和关闭。根据“the object ... of silk and bamboo”可知，此处填过去分词作后置定语，表示“由……制成的”，make的过去分词为made。故填made。
52．句意：他发现这个由丝绸和竹子制成的东西可以很容易地打开和关闭。根据“could be opened and closed”可知，此处填副词修饰动词，easy的副词easily“容易地”符合句意。故填easily。
53．句意：鲁班说：“你赢了。你的‘亭子’可以保护我们不受雨淋。” 考查protect sb. from sth.“保护某人免受某事的伤害”，故填from。
54．句意：后来，当纸被发明出来时，人们用便宜得多的纸来代替丝绸，从而降低了雨伞的成本。根据“paper”可知，此处填形容词修饰名词，“much”修饰形容词比较级，cheap的比较级为cheaper。故填cheaper。
55．句意：这就是油纸伞的发明方式。根据全文可知，文章讲了油纸伞的起源，所以how“怎样”符合句意。故填how。
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