人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land 知识清单及单元自测（含答案）
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【人教版高中英语】（新人教版）选修二 Unit4 知识清单及单元自测
一、词汇派生
1.please vt.& vi.(使……)高兴；(使……)满意
→pleasant adj.令人愉快的；友好的
→pleased adj.欣喜的；高兴的；愉快的
→pleasure n.高兴(的事)
2.literal adj.照字面的；原义的
→literally adv.字面上；真正地
3.breath n.呼吸的空气
→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的
→breathe v.呼吸
4.freeze vi.& vt.(froze，frozen) 结冰；(使)冻住
→freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的；严寒的
→frozen adj.冷冻的;冷藏的
→freezer n.冰柜;冷冻室
5.anticipate vt.预料；预见；期望
→anticipation n.预期；期盼
6.during prep.在……的期间；在……的时候
→duration n.持续时间；期间
二、一词多义
1.arise vi.
①Seeing his mother return home，the boy arose from his chair immediately.（vi.起身）
②New problems will arise one after another in future.（vi.出现
③They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.（vi.起床）
2.highlight n. vt.
①I'll show you the highlights of the event.（n.最好或最精彩的部分）
②These figures clearly highlight the difference in world living standards.（vt.突出）
③Featured ads are placed topmost in each category and are shown highlighted.(vt.使醒目）
3.drill vi.& vt. n.
①He used a drill to bore a hole in the door.(n.钻(头)）
②The dentist drilled my tooth.(vt.钻(孔)；打(眼)）
③The soldiers have drill every day.(n.训练）
4.thunder vi. n.
①There was a loud crash of thunder and large drops of rain started falling.(n.雷声）
②He bowed to the thunder of applause from the audience.(n.轰隆声）
③It thundered，but no rain fell.(vi.打雷）
④The guns thundered in the distance.(vi.轰隆隆地响）
5.frost n. vt.
①The fields have frosted up in this wintry morning.(vi.结霜）
②The cold has frosted the windows.(vt.使蒙上霜）
③The car windows were covered with forst.（n.霜；霜冻）
三、知识要点
1.arise vi.(arose，arisen) 起身；出现；由……引起
During the night a great storm has arisen.
夜里来了一场大风暴。
He formed a picture of his future that arose bright and colourful in his mind.
他脑海中浮现出一幅光明灿烂的未来景象。
[翻译]目前的争执是由父母的担心引起的。
The current debate arose from/out of the concerns of parents.
[知识拓展]
(1)arise from/out of 由……而引起；由……而产生；从……中产生
arise from... 从……上站起来
(2)arise作“呈现；出现；发生”之意时，主语多为抽象名词argument/problem/quarrel/ question/movement等。
As we all know，most car accidents arise out of carelessness.
＝As we all know，most car accidents arise from carelessness.
众所周知，大部分交通事故是由粗心大意引起的。
2.take sb.'s breath away令人惊叹
These gorgeously lit images will take your breath away！
这些华丽的灯光图像将会使您屏息凝神！
Life is not the amount of breaths you take，it's the moments that take your breath away.
生命的真谛不在于你呼吸的次数，而在于那些令你惊叹不已的时刻。
[翻译]那个演艺人员的表演经常令人咋舌。
The entertainer's performances often take our breath away.
[知识拓展]
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
catch one’s breath 喘息;恢复正常呼吸
lose one’s breath 喘不过气来
take a deep breath 深呼吸
take sb’s breath away 令人惊叹
out of breath 上气不接下气
To make the movement easier I tried to take a deep breath of fresh air.
为了活动起来更容易，我努力呼吸了一口新鲜空气。
Tired and out of breath，we reached the top of the mountain.
我们到达了山顶，累得喘不过气来。
3.bound adj.准备前往(某地)；一定会
This train is bound from Shanghai to Nanjing.
这列火车是从上海开往南京的。
Who said that making a robot so much like a man was bound to cause trouble
谁说造像人一样的机器人是注定要惹出麻烦的？
[翻译] 他在事业上一定会成功。
He is bound to succeed in his enterprise.
[知识拓展]
be bound to do sth.一定会做某事；有义务做某事
be bound for...开往；飞往；驶往
be bound up with sth.与某事有密切关系
be bound up in sth. 忙于(专心于；热衷于)某事
So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up，we are bound to achieve success.
只要我们坚持梦想、永不放弃，我们一定会取得成功。
He is bound up in his work which is bound up with the welfare of the community.
他忙于工作，这项工作与社区福利事业有密切联系。
4.freeze vi.& vt.(froze，frozen) 结冰；(使)冻住
A freezer freezes water solid.
冰箱能使水结成固体。
Water freezes at 0 ℃.
水在摄氏零度结冰。
[翻译] 笑容在他们脸上僵住了。
Smiles froze on their faces.
[知识拓展]
freeze with ...因……而呆住
freeze to death 冻死
freeze up (某物)冻住；﹙因紧张、害怕或兴奋﹚不动，停住；惊呆；吓呆
freeze sb. with a frown皱起眉头使某人感到沮丧
5.anticipate vt.预料；预见；期望
The directors anticipated a fall in demand.
董事们预感需求会降低。
I anticipate that the result will be a draw.
我预料结果会打成平局。
[翻译] 结果比我们原先设想的还要好。
It turns out that we were more successful than we had anticipated.
[知识拓展]
anticipate doing... 期望或预料做某事
it is widely anticipated that... 普遍预料……
It is widely anticipated that she will resign.
许多人预料她会辞职。
四、重点句式
1.rather than与其；不愿 (连接两个并列成分)
(教材P38) Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train.
她们决定先乘飞机到温哥华，然后再坐火车，而不是全程乘坐商务航班。
句式分析：句中rather than连接两个并列不定式短语，位于句首时，只能接不带to的不定式。
[例1] He only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information，which must be facts rather than opinions.
他关心的只是目击者是否提供了真实的信息，这些信息必须是事实而不是个人观点。
[例2] They thus increased their annual grain production rather than diminished it.
他们这样增加了而不是减少了粮食年产量。
[翻译] 我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。
We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall.
[知识拓展]
(1)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
(2)rather than后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to，但当rather than位于句首时，只能接不带to的不定式。
I decided to write rather than (to) telephone.
＝Rather than telephone I decided to write.
我决定写信而不是打电话。
2.过去分词短语作状语
(教材P38) Seen from the train window，the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.
透过火车车窗加拿大的山脉和森林看起来非常壮观。
句式分析：句中过去分词短语Seen from the train window在句中作时间状语。
[例1] Ordered over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.
这些书一个多星期以前就被下订单了，现在预计随时会到。
[例2] Born in a poor family，Nadia had only two years of schooling.
由于出生于贫寒家庭，纳迪亚只上过两年学。
[翻译] 尽管受到了父母的鼓励，他仍然没有信心克服困难。
Encouraged by his parents，he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.
[知识拓展]
过去分词短语通常在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等状语。过去分词通常与句子的主语构成被动关系，或表示动作已完成。
Given a lot of money，he lived a better life.
给他许多钱后，他的日子过得好多了。(表示原因)
Used with care，one tin will last for six weeks.
如果用得仔细的话，一罐可以够用六周。(表示条件)
The teacher came in，followed by a group of students.
老师进来了，后面跟着一群学生。(表示伴随)
The girl met with an accident when crossing the road，wounded in the head.
那个女孩过马路时出了事故，头部受了伤。(表结果)
3.with复合结构
(教材P38) Edmonton is freezing cold in winter，with daily temperatures averaging －10 ℃.
埃德蒙顿的冬天非常寒冷，每天平均气温为－10 ℃。
句式分析：句中with daily temperatures averaging －10℃为with复合结构，在句子中作状语。
[例1]With a red handkerchief in his hand，he shouted at Mary crazily.
他手里拿着一条红手绢，发疯似地朝玛丽叫喊。
[例2]Instead he and another man are hiding in a small hut during a snowstorm with nothing to eat.
相反，他和另一个人被暴风雪困在一个小木屋里，没有任何东西可以吃。
[翻译]他躺在那儿，眼睛盯着天花板。
He lay there，with his eyes looking at the ceiling.
[知识拓展]
with 复合结构在句中常作状语，表示伴随状况、原因、方式、条件等。其结构如下：
with＋宾语＋to do 表示将来的动作doing 表示主动或正在进行的动作done 表示被动或已完成的动作prep.短语adj.表示状态adv.表示状态
In the afternoon，with nothing to do，I went to the bookstore.
因为下午无事可做，我便到书店去了。
With the guide leading the way，we found his home easily.
因为有那位向导带路，我们很容易找到了他的家。
The man sat in the chair，with his hands tied behind his back.
这个人坐在椅子上，双手被绑在背后。
The student fell asleep with the light on.
这个学生开着灯就睡着了。
巩固练习
一、根据句意和汉语提示写出单词。
1.I don’t think it will work but I’ll try _______（无论如何）.
2.He _______(对比) the two different economic systems in his speech.
3.Judging from your _______（口音），you come from the West，if I’m not mistaken.
4.We could just see the outline of the house in the distance through the ________（薄雾）.
5.The early settlers _______(归因于) their survival to hard work and determination to succeed.
6.She felt there was something wrong，but couldn’t give ________(清楚易懂的) reasons.
7.If you want to sell your house，why not put an ________（广告） in the newspaper
8.Being too anxious to help an event develop often results in the _________(相反的事情) to our intention.
二、根据句意，用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.One interesting aspect of this bilingual series is that it caters to both the domestic and foreign markets, especially in both reading for ________ (pleasant) and language learning.
2.As is known to us, ________ (curtain) are large pieces of material which hang from the top of a window.
3.Leave a basin of water outside in ________ (freeze) weather.
4.A storm of laughter ________ (arise) and even the tiniest child joined in.
5.The animal was still ________ (breathe), so we knew it was still alive.
6.To my ________ (astonish), he has made such rapid progress in English this term.
7.For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying ________ (connect).
8.While waiting for the opportunity to get ________ (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
9.________ (absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
10.Clearly and thoughtfully ________ (write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
三、根据要求转换下列句子。
1.Film has a much shorter history, especially when it is compared to such art forms as music and painting.(升级为省略句)
Film has a much shorter history, especially ___________.
2.As he was raised in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.(升级为过去分词作状语)
____________________ of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.
3.When he was asked why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight.(升级为省略句)
____________________，he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight.
4.As he was attracted by the latest electronic toys, the little boy stood in front of the windows, without moving.(升级为过去分词作状语)
____________________ ，the little boy stood in front of the windows, without moving.
5.If they were give the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars.(升级为过去分词作状语)
____________________，these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars.
6.When it is seen from the top of the hill, the park looks very beautiful.(过去分词作状语)
→________________ the top of the hill, the park looks very beautiful.
7.If we were given more time, we could do it much better.(过去分词作状语)
→_______________， we could do it much better.
8.Because he was greatly touched by his teacher's words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates.(过去分词作状语)
→_______________ his teacher's words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates.
9.Turned down many times, the man didn't lose heart.(让步状语从句)
→______________ many times, the man didn't lose heart.
四、阅读理解
If you want to fully enjoy your vacation, then you'd better check the Durban City Tours! This is actually one of the best choices in South Africa today.There is nothing more relaxing than to think about that there is a place to go and relax, right City life is strained, but you can escape this situation and be in the place where there is nothing but relaxation. Here in Durban you will get to see all the amazing tourist attractions. If you love animals and want to see some elephants wandering around the streets, then Durban is the place to go. You can even get to ride one if you want!Here you will also get to taste all the delicious South African food. You can choose from Italian cooking to its native dishes. Durban is a great place to tour with your friends and family. You will learn a lot about its history through the landmarks you will see down the streets. Tourists and even the local villagers just can't get enough of these treats!However, it is important that you make the necessary arrangements. There are actually lots of tour guides that will help you as you make your journey along the streets of Durban. But if you prefer the best tour guides here in Durban, then you'd better settle for the Street Scene Tours. Their staff are all welltrained and professional. They will certainly make your stay here an unforgettable one. No wonder tourists prefer the Street Scene Tours when it comes to Durban City Tours.
1.The underlined word “strained” in Paragraph 2 means “________”.
A.easy B.stressful C.steady D.casual
2.What is the main idea of Paragraph 2
A.Durban is a relaxing city.
B.People don't like city life.
C.It is good to have a place to relax.
D.One can have fun riding elephants.
3.What does the last sentence in Paragraph 3 show
A.The food can't satisfy them.
B.They are bored with the streets.
C.They are treated very well here.
D.They never get tired of the sights.
4.The author wrote the last paragraph mainly to ________.
A.attract tourists to Durban
B.help readers make arrangements
C.introduce the tour guides in Durban
D.persuade tourists to choose the Street Scene Tours
五、七选五
Walking the Great Wall of China can be as ambitious as tackling the entire 1，800 miles from the Gobi Desert to the Yellow Sea or spending a morning or afternoon climbing a section with a tour group.1__ Read about the history of the Great Wall's construction so you can appreciate those many uneven steps.Book a halfday tour right from your Beijing hotel. Bring a bottle of water and a light bag, a hat, sunglasses and sunscreen and, of course, your camera. Obtain necessary government permits for a more ambitious independent hike.2__ Pack your equipment for a walk along all or a large section of the Great Wall and then try to reduce its weight.3__ Get good maps and study recent trip diaries and guides. Break in your climbing shoes and don't forget to put lots of bandages and suncream in the firstaid kit.Decide whether you will begin in the Gobi Desert or at the Yellow Sea. Desert travel is tiring and slowgoing. 4__ Create a plan and file it with a friend you will contact at regular intervals. This is an essential safety step for an isolated, dangerous trip.5__ The trip is as much about absorbing cultures as walking the Great Wall. Villagers may offer you meals and lodging. In remote areas this can be a time saver. Travel with a friend if possible; learn some basic Chinese before you go and engage pleasantly but carefully with local people in the lessdeveloped regions.
A.Accept local kindness but exercise caution.
B.You can also bring nothing with you.
C.Consult a good camping supply store for the lightest equipment.
D.The heat is fierce so plan walks for early morning and late afternoon.
E.You will connect with Chinese history and culture and test your own limits.
F.Both approaches demand some physical fitness,the right shoes and preparation.
G.Start that process months in advance of travel to ensure your trip won't be delayed
六、语法填空
It's just another day for William Lindesay. It begins by spending some time with his sons...and the Great Wall of China. He has lost count of the number of times he 1.________ (climb) the wall. However, he still remembers the day he first saw 2.________.The UK native came back to China in 1986 with 3.________ (plan) to run the wall's entire 4.________ (long) — but it didn't quite work out that time. He came back a year later and fulfilled his dream, before finally settling in China in 1990. Lindesay has had eight books on the Great Wall 5.________ (publish) over the years. He has completed three photo projects that show 6.________ it has changed with the passage of time and led conservation efforts to protect it. Now he and his Chinese friends are using drones (无人机) 7.________ (film) the Great Wall, which provides a 8.________ (complete) new and fascinating perspective.In many ways, the Great Wall has defined Lindesay's life. His solo adventure 9.________ (describe) as “the most successful foreign exploration of the Great Wall”. He even received a medal 10.________ the Chinese government for his conservation efforts.
七、读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The guitar in the corner of the room is as silent as it has ever been for years now. It has been more than three months that no one has played it, and no one will ever play it again. A layer of dust has formed all over it. I could dust it off, but somehow I feel unworthy of touching it, let alone picking it up. It had been such a big part of my childhood, hearing its amazing notes flow without hesitation, but only when held by the right hands did it sound as amazing as it could. I had always been afraid of it somehow. I am still a bit, since the sound was always strong yet comforting.I can't stop thinking about how I will never hear it again, how it would probably stay in that corner of my room for the rest of eternity. Sitting in the sofa facing the guitar I could almost see him, my dad, telling me that it was the second best thing in his life. I remember that moment so well. I was seven. I asked him, “What's the first？” and he told me “You”.It made me feel so special, being picked over an instrument that could make such wonderful music with just a bit of help from the man that was in front of me. When he was home, every waking minute there was music radiating from it. The music made me feel safe, like if there wasn't anything else in the world but its amazing sounds. I stayed staring at the dust covered the guitar remembering the last time I saw my dad; he was heading out once more. He was excited and he was always proud of serving his country. He never complained. The only thing that he wouldn't like was being away from Mum and me.If I had known that it was the last time I would see him, I would have never let him go, and I would have begged him not to leave. I would have told him that I didn't want the guitar to stay in the corner collecting dust.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
He would have left anyways, I thought. He loved protecting his country, and he used to say that he did it because he wanted me to be safe.
_________
It was getting late. I stood up from the couch and headed to bed.
________
参考答案
一、1.anyhow 2 contrasted 3 accent 4 mist 5 owed 6 coherent 7 advertisement 8 contrary
二、1.pleasure 2.curtains 3.freezing 4.arose 5.breathing 6.astonishment 7.connected 8.promoted 9.Absorbed 10.written
三、句型转换
1.when compared to such art forms as music and painting
2.Raised in the poorest area
3.When asked why he went there
4.Attracted by the latest electronic toys
5.Given the right kind of training
6.Seen from
7.Given more time
8.Greatly touched by
9.Though/Although he was turned down
四、阅读
1.B 词义猜测题。根据后文“...but you can escape this situation and be in the place where there is nothing but relaxation”可知，strained意为“压力大的”。故选B。
2.A 段落大意题。第二段通过有压力的城市生活来反衬德班是一个放松休闲的好去处，A项概括了此意。
3.D 细节理解题。第三段中讲到德班之所以是一个好去处，是因为它所展示出的历史，而这是游客甚至是当地人永远也欣赏不够的，故选D。
4.D 推理判断题。文章最后一段先指出要做好安排，德班的导游都会帮助游客，接着“But”一词进行转折，引出该段所要强调的重点内容：如果想选择到最好的导游可以选择Street Scene Tours，故选D。
五、七选五
1.F 根据空前一句可知，游览长城有两种选择，这与F项中的Both approaches相呼应，前后紧密相连，符合逻辑，故选F项。
2.G 由空前的“Obtain necessary government permits for a more ambitious independent hike”可知，这需要一个过程，因此G项符合语境。
3.C 空前一句讲为登长城打包装备并尽量减轻重量，故C项符合语境。
4.D 由空前的“Desert travel is tiring and slowgoing”可知，此处在讲与沙漠相关的问题，故应选D项。
5.A 由下文中的“Villagers may offer you meals and lodging”“engage pleasantly but carefully with local people”可知，本段的主旨是接受当地人的善意，但要谨慎行事。
六、语法填空
1.has climbed 考查时态。句意：他已记不清爬了几次长城了。分析句子可知，此处表示爬长城是William Lindesay从过去到现在一直做的事情，应用现在完成时。故填has climbed。
2.it 考查代词。句意：然而，他仍然记得第一次看到它的那天。分析句子可知，此处的it指代的是上文的“the Great Wall”。故填it。
3.plans 考查名词复数。句意：这位土生土长的英国人于1986年回到中国，计划跑完整个长城但当时并没有完全成功。plan是可数名词，分析句子可知，此处指“William Lindesay跑完长城的计划”，表泛指，应用复数形式。故填plans。
4.length 考查名词。句意：这位土生土长的英国人于1986年回到中国，计划跑完整个长城但当时并没有完全成功。分析句子可知，此处应表示“长城的长度”，应用名词。故填length。
5.published 考查过去分词。句意：多年来，林赛已经出版了八本关于长城的书。分析句子可知，此处已有谓语动词had，应用非谓语动词，且publish与books之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填published。
6.how 考查宾语从句。句意：他已经完成了三个摄影项目，展示了它是如何随着时间的推移而变化的，并领导了保护工作。分析句子可知，此处是一个宾语从句，且表示“展示了它是如何随着时间的推移而变化的”。应用how来引导。故填how。
7.to film 考查动词不定式。句意：现在，他和他的中国朋友们正在用无人机拍摄长城，这提供了一个全新而迷人的视角。分析句子可知，此处表示用无人机的目的是拍摄长城，应用动词不定式表示。故填to film。
8.completely 考查副词。句意：现在，他和他的中国朋友们正在用无人机拍摄长城，这提供了一个全新而迷人的视角。分析句子可知，此处的completely修饰new and fascinating，修饰形容词用副词。故填completely。
9.is/was/has been described 考查时态。句意：他的个人冒险被称为“外国长城探险最成功的一次”。分析句子可知，此处的describe与主语solo adventure之间是被动关系。且分析文章可知，此处使用一般过去时，一般现在时或现在完成时的被动语态皆可。故填is/was/has been described。
10.from 考查介词。句意：他甚至获得了中国政府颁发的一枚奖章，以表彰他在保护环境方面所做的努力。分析句子可知，奖章是来自于中国政府的。故填from。
七、参考范文：
He would have left anyways, I thought. He loved protecting his country, and he used to say that he did it because he wanted me to be safe. The last time he played the guitar for me, he promised to teach me how to play it after he came back. Then he left again, the guitar standing there, collecting dust! And he couldn't keep his promise for every time. Mum went out, getting everything ready for the funeral. My dad never came back after serving his country. He sacrificed his life in the war.It was getting late. I stood up from the couch and headed to bed. Halfway to my room, I stared at the guitar again, taking it to my room. I cleaned it, as if there had never had dust on it. It looked as if Dad had never left. I laid the guitar beside my bed, as if hearing Dad playing again. Those beautiful notes flowing like a flowing river. “I'm proud of you, Dad. You are a hero, ”I said. “And I will play your guitar now.”
一、词汇派生
1.please vt.& vi.(使……)高兴；(使……)满意
→pleasant adj.令人愉快的；友好的
→pleased adj.欣喜的；高兴的；愉快的
→pleasure n.高兴(的事)
2.literal adj.照字面的；原义的
→literally adv.字面上；真正地
3.breath n.呼吸的空气
→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的
→breathe v.呼吸
4.freeze vi.& vt.(froze，frozen) 结冰；(使)冻住
→freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的；严寒的
→frozen adj.冷冻的;冷藏的
→freezer n.冰柜;冷冻室
5.anticipate vt.预料；预见；期望
→anticipation n.预期；期盼
6.during prep.在……的期间；在……的时候
→duration n.持续时间；期间
二、一词多义
1.arise vi.
①Seeing his mother return home，the boy arose from his chair immediately.（vi.起身）
②New problems will arise one after another in future.（vi.出现
③They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.（vi.起床）
2.highlight n. vt.
①I'll show you the highlights of the event.（n.最好或最精彩的部分）
②These figures clearly highlight the difference in world living standards.（vt.突出）
③Featured ads are placed topmost in each category and are shown highlighted.(vt.使醒目）
3.drill vi.& vt. n.
①He used a drill to bore a hole in the door.(n.钻(头)）
②The dentist drilled my tooth.(vt.钻(孔)；打(眼)）
③The soldiers have drill every day.(n.训练）
4.thunder vi. n.
①There was a loud crash of thunder and large drops of rain started falling.(n.雷声）
②He bowed to the thunder of applause from the audience.(n.轰隆声）
③It thundered，but no rain fell.(vi.打雷）
④The guns thundered in the distance.(vi.轰隆隆地响）
5.frost n. vt.
①The fields have frosted up in this wintry morning.(vi.结霜）
②The cold has frosted the windows.(vt.使蒙上霜）
③The car windows were covered with forst.（n.霜；霜冻）
三、知识要点
1.arise vi.(arose，arisen) 起身；出现；由……引起
During the night a great storm has arisen.
夜里来了一场大风暴。
He formed a picture of his future that arose bright and colourful in his mind.
他脑海中浮现出一幅光明灿烂的未来景象。
[翻译]目前的争执是由父母的担心引起的。
The current debate arose from/out of the concerns of parents.
[知识拓展]
(1)arise from/out of 由……而引起；由……而产生；从……中产生
arise from... 从……上站起来
(2)arise作“呈现；出现；发生”之意时，主语多为抽象名词argument/problem/quarrel/ question/movement等。
As we all know，most car accidents arise out of carelessness.
＝As we all know，most car accidents arise from carelessness.
众所周知，大部分交通事故是由粗心大意引起的。
2.take sb.'s breath away令人惊叹
These gorgeously lit images will take your breath away！
这些华丽的灯光图像将会使您屏息凝神！
Life is not the amount of breaths you take，it's the moments that take your breath away.
生命的真谛不在于你呼吸的次数，而在于那些令你惊叹不已的时刻。
[翻译]那个演艺人员的表演经常令人咋舌。
The entertainer's performances often take our breath away.
[知识拓展]
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
catch one’s breath 喘息;恢复正常呼吸
lose one’s breath 喘不过气来
take a deep breath 深呼吸
take sb’s breath away 令人惊叹
out of breath 上气不接下气
To make the movement easier I tried to take a deep breath of fresh air.
为了活动起来更容易，我努力呼吸了一口新鲜空气。
Tired and out of breath，we reached the top of the mountain.
我们到达了山顶，累得喘不过气来。
3.bound adj.准备前往(某地)；一定会
This train is bound from Shanghai to Nanjing.
这列火车是从上海开往南京的。
Who said that making a robot so much like a man was bound to cause trouble
谁说造像人一样的机器人是注定要惹出麻烦的？
[翻译] 他在事业上一定会成功。
He is bound to succeed in his enterprise.
[知识拓展]
be bound to do sth.一定会做某事；有义务做某事
be bound for...开往；飞往；驶往
be bound up with sth.与某事有密切关系
be bound up in sth. 忙于(专心于；热衷于)某事
So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up，we are bound to achieve success.
只要我们坚持梦想、永不放弃，我们一定会取得成功。
He is bound up in his work which is bound up with the welfare of the community.
他忙于工作，这项工作与社区福利事业有密切联系。
4.freeze vi.& vt.(froze，frozen) 结冰；(使)冻住
A freezer freezes water solid.
冰箱能使水结成固体。
Water freezes at 0 ℃.
水在摄氏零度结冰。
[翻译] 笑容在他们脸上僵住了。
Smiles froze on their faces.
[知识拓展]
freeze with ...因……而呆住
freeze to death 冻死
freeze up (某物)冻住；﹙因紧张、害怕或兴奋﹚不动，停住；惊呆；吓呆
freeze sb. with a frown皱起眉头使某人感到沮丧
5.anticipate vt.预料；预见；期望
The directors anticipated a fall in demand.
董事们预感需求会降低。
I anticipate that the result will be a draw.
我预料结果会打成平局。
[翻译] 结果比我们原先设想的还要好。
It turns out that we were more successful than we had anticipated.
[知识拓展]
anticipate doing... 期望或预料做某事
it is widely anticipated that... 普遍预料……
It is widely anticipated that she will resign.
许多人预料她会辞职。
四、重点句式
1.rather than与其；不愿 (连接两个并列成分)
(教材P38) Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train.
她们决定先乘飞机到温哥华，然后再坐火车，而不是全程乘坐商务航班。
句式分析：句中rather than连接两个并列不定式短语，位于句首时，只能接不带to的不定式。
[例1] He only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information，which must be facts rather than opinions.
他关心的只是目击者是否提供了真实的信息，这些信息必须是事实而不是个人观点。
[例2] They thus increased their annual grain production rather than diminished it.
他们这样增加了而不是减少了粮食年产量。
[翻译] 我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。
We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall.
[知识拓展]
(1)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
(2)rather than后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to，但当rather than位于句首时，只能接不带to的不定式。
I decided to write rather than (to) telephone.
＝Rather than telephone I decided to write.
我决定写信而不是打电话。
2.过去分词短语作状语
(教材P38) Seen from the train window，the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.
透过火车车窗加拿大的山脉和森林看起来非常壮观。
句式分析：句中过去分词短语Seen from the train window在句中作时间状语。
[例1] Ordered over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.
这些书一个多星期以前就被下订单了，现在预计随时会到。
[例2] Born in a poor family，Nadia had only two years of schooling.
由于出生于贫寒家庭，纳迪亚只上过两年学。
[翻译] 尽管受到了父母的鼓励，他仍然没有信心克服困难。
Encouraged by his parents，he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.
[知识拓展]
过去分词短语通常在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等状语。过去分词通常与句子的主语构成被动关系，或表示动作已完成。
Given a lot of money，he lived a better life.
给他许多钱后，他的日子过得好多了。(表示原因)
Used with care，one tin will last for six weeks.
如果用得仔细的话，一罐可以够用六周。(表示条件)
The teacher came in，followed by a group of students.
老师进来了，后面跟着一群学生。(表示伴随)
The girl met with an accident when crossing the road，wounded in the head.
那个女孩过马路时出了事故，头部受了伤。(表结果)
3.with复合结构
(教材P38) Edmonton is freezing cold in winter，with daily temperatures averaging －10 ℃.
埃德蒙顿的冬天非常寒冷，每天平均气温为－10 ℃。
句式分析：句中with daily temperatures averaging －10℃为with复合结构，在句子中作状语。
[例1]With a red handkerchief in his hand，he shouted at Mary crazily.
他手里拿着一条红手绢，发疯似地朝玛丽叫喊。
[例2]Instead he and another man are hiding in a small hut during a snowstorm with nothing to eat.
相反，他和另一个人被暴风雪困在一个小木屋里，没有任何东西可以吃。
[翻译]他躺在那儿，眼睛盯着天花板。
He lay there，with his eyes looking at the ceiling.
[知识拓展]
with 复合结构在句中常作状语，表示伴随状况、原因、方式、条件等。其结构如下：
with＋宾语＋to do 表示将来的动作doing 表示主动或正在进行的动作done 表示被动或已完成的动作prep.短语adj.表示状态adv.表示状态
In the afternoon，with nothing to do，I went to the bookstore.
因为下午无事可做，我便到书店去了。
With the guide leading the way，we found his home easily.
因为有那位向导带路，我们很容易找到了他的家。
The man sat in the chair，with his hands tied behind his back.
这个人坐在椅子上，双手被绑在背后。
The student fell asleep with the light on.
这个学生开着灯就睡着了。
巩固练习
一、根据句意和汉语提示写出单词。
1.I don’t think it will work but I’ll try _______（无论如何）.
2.He _______(对比) the two different economic systems in his speech.
3.Judging from your _______（口音），you come from the West，if I’m not mistaken.
4.We could just see the outline of the house in the distance through the ________（薄雾）.
5.The early settlers _______(归因于) their survival to hard work and determination to succeed.
6.She felt there was something wrong，but couldn’t give ________(清楚易懂的) reasons.
7.If you want to sell your house，why not put an ________（广告） in the newspaper
8.Being too anxious to help an event develop often results in the _________(相反的事情) to our intention.
二、根据句意，用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.One interesting aspect of this bilingual series is that it caters to both the domestic and foreign markets, especially in both reading for ________ (pleasant) and language learning.
2.As is known to us, ________ (curtain) are large pieces of material which hang from the top of a window.
3.Leave a basin of water outside in ________ (freeze) weather.
4.A storm of laughter ________ (arise) and even the tiniest child joined in.
5.The animal was still ________ (breathe), so we knew it was still alive.
6.To my ________ (astonish), he has made such rapid progress in English this term.
7.For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying ________ (connect).
8.While waiting for the opportunity to get ________ (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
9.________ (absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
10.Clearly and thoughtfully ________ (write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
三、根据要求转换下列句子。
1.Film has a much shorter history, especially when it is compared to such art forms as music and painting.(升级为省略句)
Film has a much shorter history, especially ___________.
2.As he was raised in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.(升级为过去分词作状语)
____________________ of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.
3.When he was asked why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight.(升级为省略句)
____________________，he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight.
4.As he was attracted by the latest electronic toys, the little boy stood in front of the windows, without moving.(升级为过去分词作状语)
____________________ ，the little boy stood in front of the windows, without moving.
5.If they were give the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars.(升级为过去分词作状语)
____________________，these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars.
6.When it is seen from the top of the hill, the park looks very beautiful.(过去分词作状语)
→________________ the top of the hill, the park looks very beautiful.
7.If we were given more time, we could do it much better.(过去分词作状语)
→_______________， we could do it much better.
8.Because he was greatly touched by his teacher's words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates.(过去分词作状语)
→_______________ his teacher's words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates.
9.Turned down many times, the man didn't lose heart.(让步状语从句)
→______________ many times, the man didn't lose heart.
四、阅读理解
If you want to fully enjoy your vacation, then you'd better check the Durban City Tours! This is actually one of the best choices in South Africa today.There is nothing more relaxing than to think about that there is a place to go and relax, right City life is strained, but you can escape this situation and be in the place where there is nothing but relaxation. Here in Durban you will get to see all the amazing tourist attractions. If you love animals and want to see some elephants wandering around the streets, then Durban is the place to go. You can even get to ride one if you want!Here you will also get to taste all the delicious South African food. You can choose from Italian cooking to its native dishes. Durban is a great place to tour with your friends and family. You will learn a lot about its history through the landmarks you will see down the streets. Tourists and even the local villagers just can't get enough of these treats!However, it is important that you make the necessary arrangements. There are actually lots of tour guides that will help you as you make your journey along the streets of Durban. But if you prefer the best tour guides here in Durban, then you'd better settle for the Street Scene Tours. Their staff are all welltrained and professional. They will certainly make your stay here an unforgettable one. No wonder tourists prefer the Street Scene Tours when it comes to Durban City Tours.
1.The underlined word “strained” in Paragraph 2 means “________”.
A.easy B.stressful C.steady D.casual
2.What is the main idea of Paragraph 2
A.Durban is a relaxing city.
B.People don't like city life.
C.It is good to have a place to relax.
D.One can have fun riding elephants.
3.What does the last sentence in Paragraph 3 show
A.The food can't satisfy them.
B.They are bored with the streets.
C.They are treated very well here.
D.They never get tired of the sights.
4.The author wrote the last paragraph mainly to ________.
A.attract tourists to Durban
B.help readers make arrangements
C.introduce the tour guides in Durban
D.persuade tourists to choose the Street Scene Tours
五、七选五
Walking the Great Wall of China can be as ambitious as tackling the entire 1，800 miles from the Gobi Desert to the Yellow Sea or spending a morning or afternoon climbing a section with a tour group.1__ Read about the history of the Great Wall's construction so you can appreciate those many uneven steps.Book a halfday tour right from your Beijing hotel. Bring a bottle of water and a light bag, a hat, sunglasses and sunscreen and, of course, your camera. Obtain necessary government permits for a more ambitious independent hike.2__ Pack your equipment for a walk along all or a large section of the Great Wall and then try to reduce its weight.3__ Get good maps and study recent trip diaries and guides. Break in your climbing shoes and don't forget to put lots of bandages and suncream in the firstaid kit.Decide whether you will begin in the Gobi Desert or at the Yellow Sea. Desert travel is tiring and slowgoing. 4__ Create a plan and file it with a friend you will contact at regular intervals. This is an essential safety step for an isolated, dangerous trip.5__ The trip is as much about absorbing cultures as walking the Great Wall. Villagers may offer you meals and lodging. In remote areas this can be a time saver. Travel with a friend if possible; learn some basic Chinese before you go and engage pleasantly but carefully with local people in the lessdeveloped regions.
A.Accept local kindness but exercise caution.
B.You can also bring nothing with you.
C.Consult a good camping supply store for the lightest equipment.
D.The heat is fierce so plan walks for early morning and late afternoon.
E.You will connect with Chinese history and culture and test your own limits.
F.Both approaches demand some physical fitness,the right shoes and preparation.
G.Start that process months in advance of travel to ensure your trip won't be delayed
六、语法填空
It's just another day for William Lindesay. It begins by spending some time with his sons...and the Great Wall of China. He has lost count of the number of times he 1.________ (climb) the wall. However, he still remembers the day he first saw 2.________.The UK native came back to China in 1986 with 3.________ (plan) to run the wall's entire 4.________ (long) — but it didn't quite work out that time. He came back a year later and fulfilled his dream, before finally settling in China in 1990. Lindesay has had eight books on the Great Wall 5.________ (publish) over the years. He has completed three photo projects that show 6.________ it has changed with the passage of time and led conservation efforts to protect it. Now he and his Chinese friends are using drones (无人机) 7.________ (film) the Great Wall, which provides a 8.________ (complete) new and fascinating perspective.In many ways, the Great Wall has defined Lindesay's life. His solo adventure 9.________ (describe) as “the most successful foreign exploration of the Great Wall”. He even received a medal 10.________ the Chinese government for his conservation efforts.
七、读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The guitar in the corner of the room is as silent as it has ever been for years now. It has been more than three months that no one has played it, and no one will ever play it again. A layer of dust has formed all over it. I could dust it off, but somehow I feel unworthy of touching it, let alone picking it up. It had been such a big part of my childhood, hearing its amazing notes flow without hesitation, but only when held by the right hands did it sound as amazing as it could. I had always been afraid of it somehow. I am still a bit, since the sound was always strong yet comforting.I can't stop thinking about how I will never hear it again, how it would probably stay in that corner of my room for the rest of eternity. Sitting in the sofa facing the guitar I could almost see him, my dad, telling me that it was the second best thing in his life. I remember that moment so well. I was seven. I asked him, “What's the first？” and he told me “You”.It made me feel so special, being picked over an instrument that could make such wonderful music with just a bit of help from the man that was in front of me. When he was home, every waking minute there was music radiating from it. The music made me feel safe, like if there wasn't anything else in the world but its amazing sounds. I stayed staring at the dust covered the guitar remembering the last time I saw my dad; he was heading out once more. He was excited and he was always proud of serving his country. He never complained. The only thing that he wouldn't like was being away from Mum and me.If I had known that it was the last time I would see him, I would have never let him go, and I would have begged him not to leave. I would have told him that I didn't want the guitar to stay in the corner collecting dust.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
He would have left anyways, I thought. He loved protecting his country, and he used to say that he did it because he wanted me to be safe.
_________
It was getting late. I stood up from the couch and headed to bed.
________
参考答案
一、1.anyhow 2 contrasted 3 accent 4 mist 5 owed 6 coherent 7 advertisement 8 contrary
二、1.pleasure 2.curtains 3.freezing 4.arose 5.breathing 6.astonishment 7.connected 8.promoted 9.Absorbed 10.written
三、句型转换
1.when compared to such art forms as music and painting
2.Raised in the poorest area
3.When asked why he went there
4.Attracted by the latest electronic toys
5.Given the right kind of training
6.Seen from
7.Given more time
8.Greatly touched by
9.Though/Although he was turned down
四、阅读
1.B 词义猜测题。根据后文“...but you can escape this situation and be in the place where there is nothing but relaxation”可知，strained意为“压力大的”。故选B。
2.A 段落大意题。第二段通过有压力的城市生活来反衬德班是一个放松休闲的好去处，A项概括了此意。
3.D 细节理解题。第三段中讲到德班之所以是一个好去处，是因为它所展示出的历史，而这是游客甚至是当地人永远也欣赏不够的，故选D。
4.D 推理判断题。文章最后一段先指出要做好安排，德班的导游都会帮助游客，接着“But”一词进行转折，引出该段所要强调的重点内容：如果想选择到最好的导游可以选择Street Scene Tours，故选D。
五、七选五
1.F 根据空前一句可知，游览长城有两种选择，这与F项中的Both approaches相呼应，前后紧密相连，符合逻辑，故选F项。
2.G 由空前的“Obtain necessary government permits for a more ambitious independent hike”可知，这需要一个过程，因此G项符合语境。
3.C 空前一句讲为登长城打包装备并尽量减轻重量，故C项符合语境。
4.D 由空前的“Desert travel is tiring and slowgoing”可知，此处在讲与沙漠相关的问题，故应选D项。
5.A 由下文中的“Villagers may offer you meals and lodging”“engage pleasantly but carefully with local people”可知，本段的主旨是接受当地人的善意，但要谨慎行事。
六、语法填空
1.has climbed 考查时态。句意：他已记不清爬了几次长城了。分析句子可知，此处表示爬长城是William Lindesay从过去到现在一直做的事情，应用现在完成时。故填has climbed。
2.it 考查代词。句意：然而，他仍然记得第一次看到它的那天。分析句子可知，此处的it指代的是上文的“the Great Wall”。故填it。
3.plans 考查名词复数。句意：这位土生土长的英国人于1986年回到中国，计划跑完整个长城但当时并没有完全成功。plan是可数名词，分析句子可知，此处指“William Lindesay跑完长城的计划”，表泛指，应用复数形式。故填plans。
4.length 考查名词。句意：这位土生土长的英国人于1986年回到中国，计划跑完整个长城但当时并没有完全成功。分析句子可知，此处应表示“长城的长度”，应用名词。故填length。
5.published 考查过去分词。句意：多年来，林赛已经出版了八本关于长城的书。分析句子可知，此处已有谓语动词had，应用非谓语动词，且publish与books之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填published。
6.how 考查宾语从句。句意：他已经完成了三个摄影项目，展示了它是如何随着时间的推移而变化的，并领导了保护工作。分析句子可知，此处是一个宾语从句，且表示“展示了它是如何随着时间的推移而变化的”。应用how来引导。故填how。
7.to film 考查动词不定式。句意：现在，他和他的中国朋友们正在用无人机拍摄长城，这提供了一个全新而迷人的视角。分析句子可知，此处表示用无人机的目的是拍摄长城，应用动词不定式表示。故填to film。
8.completely 考查副词。句意：现在，他和他的中国朋友们正在用无人机拍摄长城，这提供了一个全新而迷人的视角。分析句子可知，此处的completely修饰new and fascinating，修饰形容词用副词。故填completely。
9.is/was/has been described 考查时态。句意：他的个人冒险被称为“外国长城探险最成功的一次”。分析句子可知，此处的describe与主语solo adventure之间是被动关系。且分析文章可知，此处使用一般过去时，一般现在时或现在完成时的被动语态皆可。故填is/was/has been described。
10.from 考查介词。句意：他甚至获得了中国政府颁发的一枚奖章，以表彰他在保护环境方面所做的努力。分析句子可知，奖章是来自于中国政府的。故填from。
七、参考范文：
He would have left anyways, I thought. He loved protecting his country, and he used to say that he did it because he wanted me to be safe. The last time he played the guitar for me, he promised to teach me how to play it after he came back. Then he left again, the guitar standing there, collecting dust! And he couldn't keep his promise for every time. Mum went out, getting everything ready for the funeral. My dad never came back after serving his country. He sacrificed his life in the war.It was getting late. I stood up from the couch and headed to bed. Halfway to my room, I stared at the guitar again, taking it to my room. I cleaned it, as if there had never had dust on it. It looked as if Dad had never left. I laid the guitar beside my bed, as if hearing Dad playing again. Those beautiful notes flowing like a flowing river. “I'm proud of you, Dad. You are a hero, ”I said. “And I will play your guitar now.”