第1章 名词 2025年中考英语语法突破（广东）课件 (共71张PPT)

(共71张PPT)
第一章　名　词
第二部分　中考语法突破
知识框架
考点 题型
语法选择 短文填空
可数名词 (单、复数) / 2022(第66题 yes)
2023(第74题 invention; 第75题 habit)
2024(第71题cities; 第72题answer)
考情分析
考点 题型
语法选择 短文填空
不可数名词 / 2022(第71题 water)
名词所有格 2022(第33题 teacher’s) 2024(第35题hour’s) /
考情分析
分析：广东中考近三年较注重名词的考查，尤其是短文填空近三年均考查了名词，可见名词是短文填空的必考点，该题通常设1—2题来考查名词的用法；而2022和2024年中的语法选择则各考查了一道名词题。 语法选择主要考查名词所有格，短文填空主要考查可数名词及其单复数的用法，以及新题型，考查名词的构词法及其词性变化。
考情分析
考点一　可数名词及其单复数 ★★★
　　可数名词大多数都有单数和复数两种形式，其复数形式有规则变化及不规则变化。
考点梳理
1．可数名词复数的规则变化
考点梳理
(　　) 1．China’s Communist Youth League(中国共产主义青年团) has around 74.17 million ________. 【2024·定西真题改编】
A．member B．members C．members’
2．Many _______(英雄) lost their young lives for the long- lasting peace of our country. 【2024·达州真题改编】
B　
heroes　
考点梳理
2．可数名词复数的不规则变化
考点梳理
“某国人” 复数变化速记口诀：中日不变，英法变，其他-s加后面。
考点梳理
3．There are many _________(sheep) eating grass over there. 【2024·临夏真题改编】
sheep　
考点梳理
3．使用名词单复数应该注意的问题
(1) 有些名词通常以复数形式出现，这些名词作主语时，谓语动词也要用复数形式。
如：clothes衣服　trousers裤子　socks袜子　pants裤子　glasses眼镜　scissors剪刀　people人们　police 警察
(2) 有些名词本身就以s结尾，但应当作单数名词看待。
如：physics物理学　maths数学　news新闻　grass草
考点梳理
(3) 由两个名词组成的复合名词，通常把最后一个名词变复数。
如：a boy student→three boy students　一个男学生→三个男学生
考点梳理
注意：man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时，需变为复数形式。
如：a woman teacher→two women teachers　一个女教师→两个女教师
a man scientist→five men scientists　一个男科学家→五个男科学家
考点梳理
(　　) 4．Look at the three ________ over there. They are teaching the girls to play the guitar.
A．women teachers
B．woman teacher
C．woman teachers
A　
考点梳理
考点二　不可数名词 ★★
　　不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能直接与具体数字或a、an连用。
1．不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词需用单数
如：Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。
考点梳理
(　　) 5．The information from the travel guide ________ so useful that I took it with me all my trip.
A．was B．is C．were
A　
考点梳理
2．some, any, much, little, a lot of, plenty of 等可修饰不可数名词
如：They have saved much money for future use. 他们存了很多钱以备未来使用。
考点梳理
(　　) 6．He is a teacher with a lot of ________. He often tells us many of his interesting ________ in Africa.
【2024·扬州模拟改编】
A．experiences; experience
B．experience; experience
C．experience; experiences
C　
考点梳理
3．不可数名词与表示单位的量词连用
如：a piece of chalk一支粉笔　a piece of paper一张纸　
a drop of water 一滴水　a bag of money 一袋钱　
a bottle of milk一瓶牛奶　a bowl of rice一碗米饭
考点梳理
注意：不可数名词不能与不定冠词a、an或数词直接连用。表示数量，要与量词连用；表示复数时，将量词变为复数。
如：a piece of good news一则好消息　three pieces of good advice三个好建议
考点梳理
(　　) 7．—What else do we need to make cold beef
—________.
A．Two spoon of salt
B．Two spoons of salts
C．Two spoons of salt
C　
考点梳理
4．可数名词与不可数名词不确定量的表达方法
(1) few, a few, several, many, a number of＋可数名词复数
(2) little, a little, much, an amount of, a great deal of＋不可数名词
考点梳理
(3) some, any, enough, more, plenty of, a lot of(lots of)＋(可数/不可数)名词
如：There is plenty of water in the bottle. 瓶子里有大量的水。
A large number of teenagers like playing basketball. 很多青少年喜欢打篮球。
考点梳理
(　　) 8．My teacher gives me some ________ on learning English when I have some trouble.
【2024·长春联考改编】
A．advice B．idea C．problem
A　
考点梳理
5．既可用作可数名词又可用作不可数名词的多义词
词汇 可数 不可数
duck 鸭子 鸭肉
chicken 小鸡 鸡肉
fish 鱼 鱼肉
exercise 体操；习题 锻炼
food 各种食物 食物(总称)
fruit 各类水果 水果(总称)
glass 玻璃杯；眼镜 玻璃
beauty 美人 美丽
考点梳理
词汇 可数 不可数
light 电灯 光
orange 橙子 橙汁
paper 报纸；论文 纸
room 房间 空间
success 成功的人(事) 成功
wonder 奇观 惊奇
character 人物 性格
word 词；话 承诺；消息
考点梳理
6．有些名词有单数形式和复数形式，但意思不同
词汇 可数 不可数
sand 沙子 沙滩
time 时间 次数；倍数；时代
wood 木材 树林
work 工作 著作；作品
experience 经验 经历
考点梳理
(　　) 9．Mr. Smith caught some ________ on the farm so that he could cook some ________ for his guests.
A．chickens; chickens
B．chicken; chicken
C．chickens; chicken
C　
考点梳理
(　　) 10．It’s well known that Leonardo da Vinci created lots of amazing ________ of art during his life.
A．works B．works’ C．work
A　
考点梳理
考点三　名词所有格 ★★
　　表示名词之间的所属关系的形式叫名词所有格，译作 “……的”，其主要有’s(’) 和of两种形式。
考点梳理
1．’s所有格
考点梳理
11．It is reported that 30 ___________(minute) walk every day is healthy enough. 　
【2024·龙东真题改编】
minutes’　
考点梳理
(　　) 12．—A boy is flying a kite over there. Who is he
—He is ________brother.
A．Lucy’s and Lily’s
B．Lucy and Lily’s
C．Lucy’s and Lily
B　
考点梳理
2．of所有格
无生命的名词所有格常用of结构表示。
如：the leg of the table桌脚

(　　) 13．The climbers finally reached the top ________ the mountain. How great they were!
A．of B．with C．at
A　
考点梳理
3．双重所有格
双重所有格就是将of结构与-’s结构或名词性物主代词一起使用。
如：a friend of Tom’s mother’s 汤姆的妈妈的一个朋友　　a friend of mine我的一个朋友
考点梳理
(　　) 14．An old friend of ________ is coming to see her, so she is thinking about inviting her friend home.
【2024·阳信模拟改编】
A．my mother B．my mother’s C．my mothers’
B　
考点梳理
4．个别名词用介词to来表示所有格
如：the key to the door门的钥匙　the way to the office去办公室的路
the answer to the question问题的答案　
the road to success 成功之路
考点梳理
(　　) 15．As soon as Tina knows the answer ________ the question, she will tell us.
A．of B．with C．to
C　
考点梳理
1．名词与语法选择
(1) 判断名词与后文的关系。 若该名词所在空格后面有名词，则可推断其作定语，通常考查名词所有格的用法。
(2) 判断名词是可数名词还是不可数名词。 若是可数名词，则需判断其是用单数形式还是复数形式。
技巧点拨
　　　Sometimes, he takes one 　35　 bus ride to the museums and zoos in another town. 【2024·广东真题】
(　　) 35．A．hour 　　B．hours C．hour’s
解析：根据空格前的数词 “one”，可知hour用单数形式，且由空格后的 “bus ride” 可知hour在此处作定语，需用其所有格形式，故选C。
技巧点拨
2．名词与短文填空
(1) 首先通过分析句子结构，确定词性，名词可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语。 然后通过上下文，推断词义。 最后考虑其是否需要变形，如进行单复数、词性等形式变换。 若为可数名词，还需考虑其单复数形式，可通过上下文谓语动词的形式、冠词、数词、量词、连词等进行判断。
技巧点拨
In 　71　 like Chengdu and Beijing, thousands of people have started to join in the biking craze.
【2024·广东真题】
解析：根据后面的 “Chengdu and Beijing” 可知此处选city, 且不只是一个城市，故需填其复数名词形式，故填cities。
always　among　and　answer　believe　big　but　city　grow　seldom　they　whenever
技巧点拨
(2) 除了根据上下文语境推测词义，还可根据固定搭配和生活常识来确定答案。
　　　
Will the craze in China last for a long time The 　72　 is “Yes. ” 【2024·广东真题】
always　among　and　answer　believe　big　but　city　grow　seldom　they　whenever
技巧点拨
解析：观察句子特点可知，前句是一般疑问句，后句回答是“Yes. ”，采用了 “一问一答” 的形式，结合选项可知空处应填answer(答案)。 且该句的谓语动词 “is” 使用了三单形式，故用单数形式，答案为answer。
技巧点拨
　　　
Today we have a good 　75　 of brushing teeth. 【2023·广东真题】
解析：分析句子结构可知，形容词good修饰名词且根据上文的限定词 “a” 和下文 “brushing teeth” 以及方框中所给词可知，此处应用habit的单数形式作have的宾语，“have a good habit of(养成……的好习惯)” 为固定搭配，故答案为habit。
it　either　be　because　what　else　by　invent　clean　popular　habit　hundred
技巧点拨
特别提醒：
☆ 2023年广东中考短文填空出题形式改为选词填空，部分所给词需要进行词性、时态、单复数等变化。 名词主要考虑所选的符合语法规则及句意的单词是否需要进行单复数、所有格、词性、相反意义等形式的变化。
技巧点拨
☆ 常见的动词变名词的方式：动词＋后缀(-ion, -tion, -ness, -ment, -ing等)
常见的形容词变名词的方式：①变词尾：t变ce (different—difference); ②去词尾：去掉词尾y(rainy—rain); 去掉词尾n(American—America); ③去掉词尾后缀
(-ful, -less, -ous, -ish等); ④词尾加后缀(-ness, -ity等) 等
☆ 常见的表示否定或相反意义的名词的前、后缀：un-，dis-，im-，mis-，-less等
技巧点拨
一、单项选择
(　　) 1．________ father works in the police station. 【2024·西藏真题改编】
A．Eric and Helen’s
B．Eric and Helen
C．Eric’s and Helen’s
A　
中考集训
(　　) 2．There are many famous _______ in the Chinese history. 【2024·西藏真题改编】
A．woman hero B．women heroes C．woman heroes
(　　) 3．Last winter holiday, we met some ________ in Harbin. They liked Harbin so much. 【2024·黑龙江真题改编】
A．German B．Germans C．Germany
B　
B　
中考集训
(　　) 4．As students, we should help our parents to do some ________，such as cleaning the room and doing the dishes. 【2024·内江真题改编】
A．houseworks B．housework’s C．housework
(　　) 5．We had a bad time that day, but the next ______ trip was pretty good. 【2024·兰州真题改编】
A．day’s B．day C．days
C　
A　
中考集训
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
1．Lucy’s junior middle school teacher made a big _____________(different) to her life. She wants to express her thanks to the teacher at the graduation ceremony.
【2024·包头真题】
difference　
中考集训
2．ChatGPT is one of the most amazing ______________ (invent). I think it will change the world.
【2024·黑龙江真题】
3．David is a __________(work) at a car factory. He loves his job. 【2024·云南真题】
inventions　
worker　
中考集训
4．It’s only five _____________(minute) walk from here, so you needn’t take a bus. 【2024·凉山州真题】
5．It’s important to think twice before we make a ___________(decide). 【2024·临夏州真题】
minutes’　
decision　
中考集训
三、语法选择 【2024·德阳真题改编】
Olivia traveled to China for the first time in 2012. She comes from Paris, France. The 　 1 　 was wonderful.
(　　) 1．A．trip B．trips C．trip’s
trip
A　
中考集训
In 2016, Olivia traveled to Mount Huangshan in Anhui Province. She lived there for three months. “I didn’t want to leave. It is so beautiful，” Olivia said. Her trip to China turned into a long-time 　 2 　.
(　　) 2．A．stays B．stay’s C．stay
stay
C　
中考集训
In 2023, Olivia became a guide. Different from other guides, she doesn’t often take the 　　3　　 to the most popular places. She takes them to see some special beautiful scenery(风景).
(　　) 3．A．tourist B．tourists C．tourist’s
tourists
B　
中考集训
On the Internet Olivia also shares many 　　4　　 of the scenery with others. These photos make more people see the 　　5　　 of China. “I enjoy my life here in China，” Olivia said.
(　　) 4．A．photo B．photo’s C．photos
(　　) 5．A．beauty B．beautiful C．beautifully
photos
C　
beauty
A　
中考集训
一、语法选择(时文)
Yan Hongsen is 11 years old. He is from East 　 1 　.　 Zhejiang province. These days, he is very popular on the Internet and many Internet 　 2 　 praise him for his amazing talent. He builds his own rockets at home!
(　　) 1．A．China B．Chinese C．China’s
(　　) 2．A．users B．user C．users’
China’s
C　
users
A　
语篇训练
Two years ago, the 　 3 　 name once appeared in media reports. He helped a museum in Lhasa find a
　　4　　 in their video.
(　　) 3．A．boy B．boys C．boy’s
(　　) 4．A．mistakes B．mistake’s C．mistake
boy’s
C　
mistake
C　
语篇训练
According to media 　　5　　, at the age of 4, Yan was taken by his father to watch the launch(发射) of a carrier rocket. The experience completely aroused(唤醒) his 　　6　　 in rockets.
(　　) 5．A．report B．reports C．reporter
(　　) 6．A．interest B．interested C．interesting
reports
B　
interest
A　
语篇训练
He has taken some 　　7　　 about rockets on the Internet. Then he started to build rockets at the age of 8．He successfully launched his first one the next year. He is improving the second 　　8　　 now.
(　　) 7．A．courses B．course’s C．courses’
(　　) 8．A．rockets B．rocket C．rocket’s
A　
rocket
B　
语篇训练
courses
Yan spends all his free time on rockets. According to the report, he has written over 600 　　9　　 of code(代码) for the rocket he is developing now.
Many Internet users have praised the boy and have sent their best 　　10　　 to him.
(　　) 9．A．line B．line’s C．lines
(　　) 10．A．wish B．wishes C．wishing
lines
C　
wishes
B　
语篇训练
二、短文填空 【2024·成都真题改编】
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。 注意：每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
语篇训练
language　today　discuss　program　point　work
pleasure　kind　example　writer　reason　sense　
William Shakespeare was born more than 450 years ago. He is widely thought as one of the greatest 　　1　　 in history and is still influencing artists today.
writers
语篇训练
language　today　discuss　program　point　work
pleasure　kind　example　writer　reason　sense　
However, his 　　2　　 is too old and difficult to follow because words in his time were quite different from today. This has led to a 　　 3 　　: To update(更新) or not to update Shakespeare
language
discussion
语篇训练
language　today　discuss　program　point　work
pleasure　kind　example　writer　reason　sense　
Some people think updating Shakespeare is necessary. They say Shakespeare’s plays are great, but do they make any 　　4　　 if they cannot be understood So many modern writers have rewritten Shakespeare’s plays in the way people speak today.
sense
语篇训练
language　today　discuss　program　point　work
pleasure　kind　example　writer　reason　sense　
This makes them clearer for 　　5　　 readers. At the same time, they would still get as much 　　6　　 from the plays as before.
today’s　
pleasure
语篇训练
language　today　discuss　program　point　work
pleasure　kind　example　writer　reason　sense　
Some people disagree. They think Shakespeare’s
　 7 　 are beautiful. The richness of the language and the wonderful use of words should be kept. There are good
　　8　　 why the plays are still being performed today.
works
reasons
语篇训练
language　today　discuss　program　point　work
pleasure　kind　example　writer　reason　sense　
Many of Shakespeare’s words are still used, for 　　9　　,
“All that glitters(发光) isn’t gold. ” His works tell us what it means to be human. Topics(话题) such as love,
　　10　　 and friendship last through the ages.
What do you think Should Shakespeare be updated
example
kindness
语篇训练
1．__________　2．____________　 3．___________　
4．_________　 5．____________　6．____________　
7．_________　 8．____________　 9．___________　
10．____________
writers　
language　
discussion　
sense　
today’s　
pleasure　
works　
reasons　
example　
kindness　
语篇训练