(共99张PPT)
第三章 代 词
第二部分 中考语法突破
知识框架
考点 题型
语法选择 短文填空
物主代词 2022(第40题 her) 2023(第32题 his) /
人称代词 / 2022(第75题 it)
2023(第66题 it)
2024(第66题them)
不定代词 / /
考情分析
分析:广东中考近三年在语法选择和短文填空中考查代词的频率较高,在短文填空中是必考点,可见代词这一考点的重要性。 近三年本考点主要以考查物主代词和人称代词为主。
考情分析
考点一 人称代词 ★★★
1.人称代词的形式
人称 代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
主格 I 我 we 我们 you 你 you 你们 he 他 she 她 it 它 they 他
(她、它) 们
考点梳理
人称 代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
宾格 me 我 us 我们 you 你 you 你们 him 他 her 她 it 它 them 他
(她、它) 们
考点梳理
2.主格和宾格的用法
(1) 主格:作主语,通常放在句子开头。
如:She was at school yesterday. 她昨天在学校。
(2) 宾格:作宾语,偶尔也作表语。
① 放在动词或介词后面,作宾语。
如:My father often tells me some interesting stories. 爸爸经常给我讲一些有趣的故事。
You must look after her. 你必须照顾她。
考点梳理
② 放在be动词后面,作表语。
如:—Who’s that ——是谁呀?
—It’s me. ——是我。(电话用语)
考点梳理
( ) 1.—Mom, which club should I choose, the art club or the science club
—It’s up to ________. Just follow your heart.
【2024·东营真题改编】
A.yours B.your C.you
C
考点梳理
( ) 2.—Hi, Mary. Who teaches________ English
—Miss Green. ________ is my favorite teacher.
A.you; She B.your; Her C.us; He
A
考点梳理
3.it的特殊用法
考点梳理
( ) 3.He found ________ very interesting to visit Harbin in winter. 【2024·龙东真题改编】
A.this B.it C.that
( ) 4.________ took the students half an hour to climb up the mountain.
A.It B.He C.She
B
A
考点梳理
考点二 物主代词 ★★★
1.物主代词的形式
物主代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
形容词性 my 我的 our 我们的 your 你的 your 你们的 his 他的 her 她的 its 它的 their
他(她、它) 们的
考点梳理
物主代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
名词性 mine 我的 ours 我们的 yours 你的 yours 你们的 his 他的 hers 她的 its 它的 theirs
他(她、它) 们的
考点梳理
2.物主代词的用法
考点梳理
速记口诀:
形物代词能力差,自己不能来当家;句子当中作定语,后面要把名词加。
名物代词能力强,自己独来又独往;句子成分主表宾,后面名词不能加。
考点梳理
如:Her mother is a kind-hearted doctor. 她妈妈是个仁慈的医生。
That is his computer. Mine(=My computer) doesn’t work. 那是他的电脑,我的(电脑) 坏了。
Her spoken English is better than yours. 她的英语口语比你的(英语口语) 好。
This pen is hers. Where is mine 这支钢笔是她的,我的(钢笔) 呢?
考点梳理
( ) 5.—Amy, there is a book on the floor. Is it _____?
—No, it’s not mine. My book is on the desk.
【2024·雅安真题改编】
A.yourself B.yours C.your
B
考点梳理
( ) 6.Miss Lin teaches piano very well. With _______ help, I’ve made great progress. 【2024·成都真题改编】
A.her B.hers C.she
A
考点梳理
3.物主代词的特殊用法
在双重所有格中只能用名词性物主代词。
如:a cousin of mine我的一个表姐
a classmate of hers她的一个同学
考点梳理
( ) 7.The earth, the only home of _______,is now in danger. Everyone in the world should play a role in saving it.
A.yours B.hers C.ours
C
考点梳理
考点三 反身代词 ★★
1.英语中有八个反身代词,在使用时应注意和它所指的相应对象在人称、性别和数上保持一致。其基本形式如下:
数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 Myself 我自己 Yourself 你自己 himself/herself/itself他/她/它自己
复数 Ourselves 我们自己 yourselves你们自己 themselves他/她/它们自己
考点梳理
(1) 反身代词意为 “……自己”。
(2) 反身代词有人称、数的变化。
(3) 反身代词在句中可作动词、介词的宾语,表示动作的执行者和承受者是同一个人或物。
如:I cooked myself a good meal. 我为自己做了一顿美味的饭菜。
She can look after herself. 她可以照顾她自己。
考点梳理
( ) 8.Little Mary was proud of ________ because she taught Uncle Li how to borrow books online.
【2024·常州真题改编】
A.she B.hers C.herself
C
考点梳理
2.反身代词的习惯用法
(1) 反身代词常放在动词help, teach, buy, enjoy, hurt, dress, look after, make或介词 by 后面作宾语,构成习惯用法。
如:I teach myself English at home. 我在家自学英语。
Children, please help yourselves to some fish. 孩子们,请自便吃一些鱼吧。
You can’t leave him by himself because he is too young. 他太小了,你不能留下他一个人。
考点梳理
(2) 常用的固定搭配
① hurt oneself弄伤自己
② say to oneself自言自语
③ enjoy oneself玩得高兴;过得愉快
④ help oneself to sth. 请自用……;随便吃/喝……
⑤ teach oneself sth. =learn sth. by oneself自学
⑥ look after oneself=take care of oneself 照顾自己
考点梳理
( ) 9.When ________ parent went away on business, I looked after ________. 【2024·天津真题改编】
A.my; myself B.me; mine C.me; myself
( ) 10.He can use ChatGPT-4 by _______ without my help. 【2024·西藏真题改编】
A.him B.her C.himself
A
C
考点梳理
考点四 指示代词 ★
1.指示代词的用法
考点梳理
如:This is his football. 这是他的足球。
What I want to say is this: Practice makes perfect. 我想说的是:熟能生巧。
Those are my uncles. 那些是我的叔叔。
I was caught in the heavy traffic. That’s why I was late for the meeting.
我遇到交通拥堵了,这就是我会议迟到的原因。
考点梳理
This is Lily speaking. Who’s that
我是莉莉,您是哪位?
This camera is much cheaper than that on shelf.
这部相机比架子上的那部(相机) 便宜得多。
考点梳理
( ) 11.Chances are only for ______ who are prepared.
【2024·南京模拟改编】
A.those B.this C.that
( ) 12.—________ two boys are Mr. Green’s two sons.
—Yes, I heard them sing English songs at ________ house last weekend.
A.That; this B.Those; this C.That; these
A
B
考点梳理
( ) 13.—Hello, this is David. Can I speak to Tom
—Yes. ________.
A.Tom is me
B.This is Tom speaking
C.I am Tom
B
考点梳理
2.辨析one, that, it
代词 用法 例子
one 代替泛指的可数名词;指代被替代名词的同类当中的一个。其复数形式是ones I have a red bag. My best friend also has one. 我有一个红色的包,我最好的朋友也有一个(红色的包)。
考点梳理
代词 用法 例子
that 常用于比较级对比中,代替前面提到的不可数名词或可数名词单数;替代的对象与所指名词同类。其复数形式是those The weather in Harbin is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter. 在冬天,哈尔滨的天气比广州的(天气) 冷。
it 指上文提到的同一事物 This cat is white. It’s lovely. 这只猫是白色的,它很可爱。
考点梳理
( ) 14.After the new high-speed railway line was open to traffic, the time on the trip from Lianyungang to Qingdao now is much less than ________ in the past.
A.one B.it C.that
C
考点梳理
( ) 15.—I am a little hungry, Daddy.
—See the cupcakes on the plate But you can only take _______. Dinner is ready soon.
A.it B.one C.that
B
考点梳理
考点五 不定代词 ★
1.不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫作不定代词
(1) 不定代词的分类
考点梳理
(2) 不定代词在句中充当的成分
不定代词 成分
all, each, both, either, neither, one, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any 主语、宾语、表语、定语(名词性、形容词性)
考点梳理
不定代词 成分
everyone, everybody, everything someone, somebody, something anyone, anybody, anything no one, nobody, nothing 主语、宾语、表语(形容词性) 可以跟else, 而且可用所有格(-’s 形式)
none 主语、宾语、表语
every, no 定语
考点梳理
( ) 16.Running is getting popular. It is good for our health and it costs ________. 【2024·吉林真题】
A.nothing B.everything C.anything
A
考点梳理
2.常见的不定代词用法
(1) some一些;某些;某个 any一些;任何;任何一个
① some表示 “一些,某些” 时,修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词,多用于肯定句,也可用于表示希望得到肯定回答或表示建议、请求等的疑问句中。
如:There is some bread and dumplings in the fridge. 冰箱里有一些面包和饺子。
Would you like some food?你想要一些食物吗?
考点梳理
② some还可以表示不确定的 “某一个”,相当于a certain, 修饰单数名词。
如:He would like to go to some city in Europe. 他想去欧洲的某个城市。
③ any表示 “一些” 时,常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词,多用在否定句或疑问句中,用来替代some。
如:There isn’t any ink in my pen. 我的钢笔没有墨水。
考点梳理
④ any表示 “任何一个” 时,常修饰可数名词单数,多用于肯定句;表示 “任何的”,常修饰可数名词单数和不可数名词,多用于肯定句。
如:Any person who is interested in the competition can take part in it.
任何一个对比赛感兴趣的人都能参加。
You can come at any time. I will be home the whole day.
你任何时候来都行,我整天都待在家里。
考点梳理
(2) 辨析both, neither, either
代词 用法 例子
both 指两个人或事物,后接复数名词。作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 both… and… 表示 “两者都” Both you and he are my friends.
你和他都是我的朋友。
考点梳理
代词 用法 例子
neither neither是both 的否定形式,表示 “两者都不”。作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。neither… nor… 意为 “既不……也不……”,当连接两个主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则 Neither you nor she is good at drawing.
你和她都不擅长画画。
考点梳理
代词 用法 例子
either 指两者之中的任何一个。作主语时,谓语动词用单数。either… or… 意为“或者……或者……”,连接两个主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则 Either you or I am going there tomorrow.
明天要么你去那里,要么我去那里。
考点梳理
( ) 17.The town is getting more and more beautiful with many flowers on ________ sides of the streets. 【2024·临夏真题改编】
A.all B.either C.both
C
考点梳理
( ) 18.—Shall we go to the science and technology museum this Saturday or Sunday
—______ day is OK. We have to visit there next week.
【2024·香坊区模拟改编】
A.Both B.Neither C.Either
B
考点梳理
(3) all全体;所有 none 无人(无物)
① all指三个或三个以上的人或物,意为 “全部”。
如:All people are at the meeting. 所有人都参加会议了。
② none和all相反,和no one、not any同义。它代替不可数名词用作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词用作主语时,谓语动词用单、复数皆可。
如:None of the problems is/are easy to solve. 这些问题没有一个是容易解决的。
(用作主语,代替可数名词)
考点梳理
(4) each每个;各自的 every每个;每一的;一切的
① each 用于两者或两者以上,指每一个人或事物的个别情况,甚至指这些个别情况各不相同。each作代词时,可单独使用,也可后接of短语;作限定词时,后接名词。
如:Two men came into the room. Each carried an umbrella. 两个人走进房间,每人拿着一把伞。
Each of us has a book. 我们每个人都有一本书。
考点梳理
② every 用于三者或三者以上。every有 “全体” 的意思,和all的意义相近,只能作定语。every后必须接名词,既不能单独使用,后面也不能接of短语。
如:There are hospitals in every city of China. 中国的每个城市都有医院。
考点梳理
( ) 19.—There’re four bedrooms in the house, ______ with its own shower.
—That’s what I want. I’ve got a few kids.
【2024·武汉模拟改编】
A.either B.every C.each
C
考点梳理
(5) 辨析other, others, the other, the others, another
代词 用法 例子
other other意为“其他的,另外的” other+复数名词 We learn English, Chinese, math and other subjects.
我们学习英语、语文、数学和其他科目。
考点梳理
代词 用法 例子
others 意为 “其他人/物”,常见用法 “some… others…” 意为 “一些……另一些……” others=other+复数名词 Some of us like singing and painting, while others prefer sports.
我们中的一些人喜欢唱歌和画画,另外一些(人) 喜欢体育活动。
考点梳理
代词 用法 例子
the other the other+可数名词单数,表示两者中的另一个 the other+可数名词复数,表示特定范围内剩余的人或物 I have two brothers. One is a doctor, and the other is a teacher.
我有两个兄弟,其中一个是医生,另一个是老师。
There are eleven apples. Five are red. The other apples are green.
有11个苹果,五个是红色的,其余都是绿色的。
考点梳理
代词 用法 例子
the others the others = the other+名词复数,特指某一范围内剩余的所有人或物 Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home.
两个男孩将去动物园,其余的将留在家里。
考点梳理
代词 用法 例子
another another指三者及三者以上的另一个、又一个 another+可数名词单数形式意为“另一……”;但another+基数词/few+复数名词意为 “再多……” This shirt is too big. Can you show me another one
这件衬衣太大了,能给我看一下另一件吗?
You need to stay here for another five days.
你需要在这儿多待五天。
考点梳理
( ) 20.Four students of the Drama Club come from Grade 7, and ________ all come from Grade 8.
【2024·甘肃模拟改编】
A.others B.another C.the others
C
考点梳理
(6) 辨析many, much, few, a few, little, a little
代词 共同点 不同点 例子
many 均表示 “许多”,且比较级和最高级都为more, most 修饰可数名词 There are many books in our library.
我们图书馆里有很多书。
much 修饰不可数名词 There isn’t much money left.
剩下的钱不多了。
考点梳理
代词 共同点 不同点 例子
Few 修饰可数名词 意为 “几乎没有,很少”,表否定 Few students can answer the problem.
很少学生可以回答出这个问题。
a few 意为 “一些,几个”,表肯定,虽少但仍有 I have a few friends in Beijing.
我在北京有一些朋友。
考点梳理
代词 共同点 不同点 例子
little 修饰不可数名词 意为 “几乎没有”,表否定 There is little meat in the fridge. Go and buy some, please.
冰箱里没有什么肉了,请去买一些。
考点梳理
代词 共同点 不同点 例子
a little 修饰不可数名词 意为 “一点儿,少量”,表肯定,虽少但仍有一些 There is still a little time, so we don’t need to hurry.
还有一些时间,所以我们不用着急。
考点梳理
( ) 21.Tom has been in Shanghai for five years, so he can speak ________ Chinese. 【2024·黑龙江真题改编】
A.a few B.a little C.little
( ) 22.You can close your eyes for ________ seconds after watching TV for too long. 【2024·上海模拟改编】
A.a few B.few C.a little
B
A
考点梳理
(7) 不定代词和形容词连用时,应放在形容词的前面
如:I have something important to say. 我有一些重要的事情要说。
I’d like to visit somewhere beautiful. 我想去参观一些美丽的地方。
考点梳理
( ) 23.—Tina, did you buy ________ when you went to Dazhou last month 【2024·达州真题】
—Of course. I bought some Dengying Beef for my parents.
A.anything special
B.special anything
C.something special
A
考点梳理
考点六 疑问代词 ★
1.疑问代词用来构成疑问句,包含下列几个:
指人:who, whom, whose; 指物:what; 既可指人又可指物:which
考点梳理
( ) 24.________ is the girl wearing a scarf Is she your sister 【2024·无锡真题改编】
A.Who B.Which C.What
A
考点梳理
2.无论是作疑问代词还是限定词,which 和 what 所指的范围都不相同。
what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定的范围内。
如:Which books do you like best 你最喜欢哪几本书?
What books do you like best 你最喜欢什么样的书?
考点梳理
( ) 25.—________ sport will you take part in, Peter
—The boy’s 800-meter race.
A.Where B.When C.Which
C
考点梳理
代词与语法选择、短文填空
(1) 若空格后面接名词或名词短语,则可推测空格处作定语,用形容词性物主代词。
技巧点拨
At the age of seven, David had 32 first astronaut (宇航员) training experience. 【2023·广东真题】
( ) 32.A.he B.him C.his
解析:空格后 “first astronaut training experience” 为名词短语,可推断空格处需用形容词性物主代词修饰空格后的名词短语,故选C。
技巧点拨
(2) 若空格后面接动词,则可推测空格处为主语或形式主语,再从前句中确定代指的主语,选择合适的人称代词。 注意:考查it时,其在固定句型中作形式主语的特殊用法为常考点。
技巧点拨
Workers started to build the bridge in May, 2018.
33 cost $2.8 million and took over two years to complete. 【2021·广东真题】
( ) 33.A.It B.Its
C.They D. Theirs
解析:根据语境可知,空格处指代上文的“the bridge”,
空格位于谓语 “cost” 和 “took”前,可推断出空格处作主语,所以用代词的主格形式It, 故选A。
技巧点拨
(3) 若空格处位于动词或介词后面,则可推测空格处作宾语,应用代词的宾格形式。
As summer comes around, outdoor activities are getting more and more popular. One of 66 is bike riding, or biking. 【2024·广东真题】
always among and answer believe big but city grow seldom they whenever
技巧点拨
解析:根据上文 “As summer comes around, outdoor activities are getting more and more popular. ” 可知,此处指代上文中的 “outdoor activities”,故方框中的they符合题意,而该空作介词of的宾语,they需变为其宾格形式,故答案为them。
技巧点拨
一、单项选择
( ) 1.—Maria, you should believe in ________. That’s the secret of success.
—OK, I will. 【2024·云南真题改编】
A.myself B.herself C.yourself
C
中考集训
( ) 2.—Andy, who are the girls over there
—________ are my sisters, Lily and Lucy.
【2024·广西真题改编】
A.They B.Their C.Theirs
A
中考集训
( ) 3.—It is my first time taking a vacation in Dongying.
—Me too. ________ here is so nice. I love the city.
【2024·东营真题改编】
A.Nothing B.Anything C.Everything
C
中考集训
( ) 4.—Did you watch To the Wonder with your parents last night
—No, I watched it alone. ________ of them were busy.
【2024·凉山州真题改编】
A.All B.Both C.Neither
B
中考集训
( ) 5.Using AI tools in the right way can help _______ to work better. 【2024·福建真题改编】
A.we B.us C.our
B
中考集训
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.—Is Tom at home
—He’s not here. Can I take a message for _______(he)
【2024·兰州真题】
2.The cat lays on the sofa, washing _________(it).
【2024·白银真题】
him
itself
中考集训
3.Tina had to look after _______(she) younger sister at home last weekend. 【2024·临夏真题】
4.There is something wrong with my computer. Could I use _________(you) 【2024·达州真题】
5.There isn’t _______(some) milk in the fridge now. Why not buy some online 【2024·酒泉模拟】
her
yours
any
中考集训
三、短文填空(原创时文)
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使文章完整连贯。 注意:每空一词,每词仅用一次,有两词为多余项。
中考集训
Tahiti(大溪地) is the largest island in French Polynesia(法属玻里尼西亚). It serves as a home for humpback whales(座头鲸), protecting 1 from harm. While many visitors are crazy about its natural beauty, 2 arrive with a purpose in mind: to swim with humpback whales.
them
another it he others these they we
others
中考集训
Patea Alexandre lives on one of the islands. He loves
3 whales. “They’re part of us here in Tahiti,” says Alexandre. 4 journey with the whales began in 1998 when he started driving whale tour boats. After ten years, he founded Moorea Blue Water. People book the tour by word of mouth(口口相传).
these
another it he others these they we
His
中考集训
“Swimming with whales is not just an exciting experience.
5 is also an unforgettable experience,” he adds. This year(2024), people can swim with whales from August 1st to November 11th.
1.________ 2.__________ 3._________
4.________ 5.________
It
another it he others these they we
them
others
these
His
It
中考集训
一、语法选择 【2024·重庆真题B卷改编】
My grandma is almost 80 years old, and she looks very healthy. 1 was a math teacher many years ago. She has been away from 2 work since over 20 years ago.
( ) 1.A.Her B.She C.Herself
( ) 2.A.her B.hers C.she
She
B
her
A
语篇训练
3 morning, she gets up early and makes breakfast for my family. She doesn’t want 4 to eat outside. She is always saying, “Don’t you think 5 . is better than theirs?”
( ) 3.A.Some B.Every C.Few
( ) 4.A.ours B.our C.us
( ) 5.A.mine B.my C.me
Every
B
mine
A
us
C
语篇训练
6 elderly people like dancing together in the neighborhood, but my grandma doesn’t. She never joins
7 . I ask her why. “I’m not that old,” she smiles.
( ) 6.A.Much B.Little C.Many
( ) 7.A.they B.them C.theirs
Many
C
them
B
语篇训练
My grandma enjoys walking. She says it is good for her health. She often takes walks in the parks. 8 days, she has a new hobby. She has fallen in love with city walks. “I can talk to people while I am walking with them. I can also enjoy the beauty and the changes of the city. In the next few years, 9 will walk to every corner of the city,” she says.
( ) 8.A.This B.Those C.These
( ) 9.A.it B.I C.he
These
C
I
B
语篇训练
I hope 10 grandma will be young, healthy and happy forever!
( ) 10.A.mine B.me C.my
my
C
语篇训练
二、短文填空
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使文章完整连贯。 注意:每空一词,每词仅用一次,有两词为多余项。
some I himself it we you other
his me nothing that they
Long ago, there lived a king. He was quite lazy so his people didn’t like him at all.
语篇训练
One day, the king went to a forest. After some time, he became thirsty. To 1 surprise, he came to a lake. As he drank from the lake, he saw a swan(天鹅) land on a rock nearby. “ 2 should catch the swan!”he thought.
some I himself it we you other
his me nothing that they
his
I
语篇训练
However, the swan was gone before he could shoot. Then the king heard a voice, “I am the swan. If you want to catch me, you must come to heaven(天堂).
Surprised, the king said, “Please show 3 the way to heaven.
me
some I himself it we you other
his me nothing that they
语篇训练
“Do good things, serve 4 people and someone from heaven will come to you,” the voice answered.
some I himself it we you other
his me nothing that they
your
语篇训练
With this in mind, the king dressed like his people and went out into the streets by 5 . He tried to give
6 money to a poor old man. However, the old man was angry and said, “Do you know why I’m like this It’s because of our king! He has done 7 for us.
himself
some I himself it we you other
his me nothing that they
some
nothing
语篇训练
Suddenly, the king heard the swan’s voice. “ 8 . seems that you’re doing good things only because you want to go to heaven. You must do good things for
9 from the bottom of your heart,” the swan said.
It
some I himself it we you other
his me nothing that they
others
语篇训练
After 10 , he became a responsible king and realized that making his country a happy place to live was like making a heaven of his own.
that
some I himself it we you other
his me nothing that they
语篇训练
1.___________ 2.___________ 3.___________ 4.___________ 5.___________ 6.___________ 7.___________ 8.___________ 9.___________ 10.__________
his
I
me
your
himself
some
nothing
It
others
that
语篇训练