第5章　介词与介词短语 (共72张PPT)2025年中考英语语法突破（广东）

(共72张PPT)
第五章　介词与介词短语
第二部分　中考语法突破
知识框架
考点 题型 语法选择 短文填空
方位介词 2022(第31题 in) 2023(第34题 in) 2022(第69题 in)
2024(第73题among)
时间介词 / /
介词短语 / 2023(第70题 by)
考情分析
分析：往年中考介词是语法选择和短文填空的必考点，各设1题，但2024年语法选择没有考查介词。 近三年主要考查方位介词和介词短语，所以两者的知识点需引起重视。 此外，2023年考查了介词的固定搭配，因而要注意积累常见的介词短语。
考情分析
考点一　表示时间的介词 ★★
考点梳理
考点梳理
(　　) 1．Hurry up, Nancy! The meeting will start ______ ten minutes. 【2024·河北真题改编】
A．by B．for C．in
C　
考点梳理
(　　) 2．A big earthquake shook Turkey ________ 4:17 ________ February 6th, 2023．Many people lost their lives in this earthquake. 【2024·天津模拟改编】
A．at; on B．in; on C．at; at
(　　) 3．________ the end of the year, we say goodbye to the past and welcome the future with hope.
【2024·上海模拟改编】
A．In B．By C．At
A　
C　
考点梳理
考点二　表示方位的介词 ★★★
考点梳理
考点梳理
考点梳理
如：Go across the street. 横穿街道。
Go through the park and you will find something different.
穿过公园，你将会发现不一样的风景。
Lily is sitting between Jim and Mary. 莉莉坐在吉姆和玛丽之间。
Among the mountains, there is a lake. 群山之间有个湖。
There is a tree in front of our house. 我家门前有一棵树。
The blackboard is in the front of the classroom. 黑板在教室的前面。
考点梳理
(　　) 4．The Marco Polo Memorial Hall stands at the east end of Dongguan Street ________ Yangzhou.
【2024·扬州真题改编】
A．in B．at C．to
A　
考点梳理
(　　) 5．—Did you have fun watching the volleyball game
—No. A tall man stood ________ me. I couldn’t see the players at all. 【2024·凉山州真题】
A．next to B．across from C．in front of
C　
考点梳理
(　　) 6．In the life-saving class, the teacher taught us how to hold our heads ________ the water if we fall into a river by accident. 【2024·安徽模拟改编】
A．against B．above C．below
B　
考点梳理
考点三　表示地理位置的介词in, on, to的用法 ★
介词 用法 例子
in 指的是在某个范围之内(范围内) Dongguan lies in the middle of Guangdong.
东莞位于广东中部。
考点梳理
介词 用法 例子
on 表示与某地接壤 Hunan is on the north of Guangdong.
湖南与广东北部接壤。
to 表示某地以外的方位(范围外) Hainan lies to the south of Guangdong.
海南在广东南面。
考点梳理
(　　) 7．Yancheng is the only city ________ China to be named after salt.
A．to B．on C．in
C　
考点梳理
考点四　介词with和without的用法 ★★
介词 用法 例子
with 表示 “带着， 随着” Our English teacher looks at us with a smile.
我们的英语老师面带微笑地看着我们。
表示 “伴随，和” Come with me. 跟我来。
考点梳理
介词 用法 例子
with 表示 “有，带有” I want to have some water with honey. 我想喝些蜂蜜水。
表示 “用，以，被” He cuts the apple with a knife. 他用刀切苹果。
考点梳理
介词 用法 例子
without 表示 “没有，无，不需” 等否定的含义 We got there without any trouble.
我们毫不费力就到了那儿。
用于在no, not, never等否定副词之后，表示 “没有……不……，没有……则不能……”，强调肯定 Human can’t live without air. 人类离开空气就不能生存。
考点梳理
(　　) 8．—Maria. You have made such a great progress in English.
—Thanks, Ms. Chen. I can’t make it ________ your help.
【2024·凉山州真题】
A．with B．without C．for
B　
考点梳理
(　　) 9．—I’d like a glass of orange juice. What about you, Andy
—I want a cup of tea ________ nothing in it.
【2024·吉林模拟】
A．with B．for C．to
A　
考点梳理
考点五　介词except和besides的用法 ★
介词 用法 例子
except 表示 “除了……之外”，除外的东西不包括在内，有否定、排除含义，后接名词、代词或从句 Everyone is here except Jim.
除了吉姆之外，其他人都在这儿。
I didn’t tell him anything except that I needed the money. 我什么都没告诉他，只是说我需要钱。
考点梳理
介词 用法 例子
besides 表示 “除……之外(还有)”，包括后面所指的内容 Fifty students are here besides Jim.
除了吉姆，这里还有其他五十个学生。
考点梳理
(　　) 10．—What do you think of the dishes
—I like all the dishes ________ the fish. I’m allergic(过敏的) to it. 【2024·凉州模拟改编】
A．except B．besides C．against
A　
考点梳理
考点六　介词的习惯用法 ★★
1．在树上：in the tree(本身不属于树上的物体), on the tree(树上长出来的物体，如：果子、枝叶等)
2．在墙上：in the wall(嵌入墙里), on the wall(紧贴墙面)
考点梳理
3．by, in 与with 表示 “以，用……” 时的区别
(1) by表示 “使用某种方式、方法、手段”，后接名词、动词-ing形式；或接表交通工具的单数名词，如：by keeping a diary(通过写日记), by car(乘坐汽车)。
(2) in表示 “使用某种方式、用某种语言、语调、音量、颜色等”，如：in a proper way(用一种恰当的方式), in English(用英语)。
(3) with表示 “使用某种工具、手段”，后接具体的工具或手段，如：with a knife(用刀)。
考点梳理
4．of的用法
(1) 表示所有关系和与之相关的其他概念，“A of B” 表示 “B的A”。如：photos of the city(城市的照片)。
(2) “表示人物性格、品德的形容词＋of＋名词或代词＋不定式” 的用法。如：It’s very kind of you to tell me. (你告诉我真是太好了。)
考点梳理
(　　) 11．We can go to school ________ bike to make our city greener. 【2024·自贡真题】
A．by B．on C．in
A　
考点梳理
(　　) 12．China successfully launched(发射) the Chang’e-6 spacecraft(航天器) ________ the evening ________ May 3, 2024 at the Wenchang Space Launch Site(站点). 【2024·宿迁模拟改编】
A．at; on B．on; on C．on; of
C　
考点梳理
考点七　常见的介词短语 ★★★
介词短 语结构 例子
动词＋ 介词 arrive in/at到达 ask for 请求
do well in 在……做得好 get to 到达
go on 继续
hear from sb. 收到某人的来信
hear of/about 听说
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
learn from sb. 向某人学习 leave for动身去
考点梳理
介词短 语结构 例子
动词＋ 介词 listen to 听 look at 看着
look after照顾 look for 寻找
look like 看起来像 talk about 谈论
send for 派人去请 shout at对……大声叫喊
think of 想起 think about 考虑
turn into 把……变成 regard… as 把……当作
wait for 等待 fill with 充满
考点梳理
介词短 语结构 例子
动词＋ 介词 begin with 以……开始 deal with 处理
fall off 摔倒 die of/from死于
put on穿上 pass on传递
spend… on 在……上花费
call on号召；访问；邀请
考点梳理
介词短 语结构 例子
动词＋ 介词 depend on依靠 believe in相信
laugh at嘲笑 belong to 属于
write to sb. 写信给某人
prefer… to… 比起……更喜欢……
worry about 担心
考点梳理
介词短 语结构 例子
介词＋ 名词 at/by the end of在……的尽头
at home 在家
at once 立刻 at last 最后
by bike/bus/train骑车/乘公交车/乘火车
on foot 步行
with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
考点梳理
介词短 语结构 例子
介词＋ 名词 without one’s help 没有某人的帮助
to one’s surprise使某人惊讶的是
on one’s way to 在某人去……的路上
in/on time 及时/准时
in trouble/danger 处于困难/危险中
考点梳理
介词短 语结构 例子
介词＋ 名词 in a hurry匆忙
in need有需要的；处于困境中
for example 例如 in fact事实上
in public公开地 in person亲身
at that time 当时 by the way顺便说说
考点梳理
介词短 语结构 例子
形容词＋介词 be sorry for 对……感到抱歉
be angry with sb. 生某人的气
be afraid/scared of 害怕
be ready for 为……做好准备
be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格
be strict in sth. 对某事要求严格
考点梳理
介词短 语结构 例子
形容词＋介词 be worried about 担心
be busy with sth. 忙于做某事
be famous/known for因……而出名
be famous/known as作为……而出名
be full of充满
be good for 对……有好处
be good at擅长
考点梳理
介词短 语结构 例子
形容词＋介词 be interested in对……感兴趣
be late for 迟到
be proud of 为……感到骄傲
be close to 靠近
be tired of 对……厌倦
be bored with 对……感到厌烦
考点梳理
( 　　) 13．China Daily named “Growth” ________ its “Word of the Year 2023”. 【2024·成都真题】
A．as B．after C．for
(　　) 14．I enjoy talking with my classmates ________ our way to school. 【2024·邯郸模拟改编】
A．by B．on C．in
A　
B　
考点梳理
1．介词与语法选择
根据上下文文意，选择合适的介词。
　　　They had a taste of what it was like to travel 　34　 space. 【2023·广东真题】
(　　) 34．A．on B．in C．for
解析：根据句意可知此处表示 “他们品尝到了在太空中旅行的滋味”，in意为 “在……中”，故答案为B。
技巧点拨
2．介词与短文填空
(1) 分析句子结构判断空格处是否缺介词。
① 句子基本结构不完整，谓语动词需由动词短语构成，如缺少相关介词，则谓语不完整，如 point at, wait for等。 当句子是主系表结构时，要考虑形容词和介词的搭配，如：be proud of, be ready for等。
技巧点拨
② 句子基本结构完整，则空格及下文的内容可能作地点状语、时间状语、伴随状语等。 如：in Foshan, on Sunday, with＋名词表伴随。
技巧点拨
　　　Tea is mostly produced 　69　 Asian countries like China and India. 【2022·广东真题】
解析：分析句子结构可知，本句的基本结构为 “主语(Tea)＋谓语(is produced)”，句子的基本结构是完整的，而空格后为 “Asian countries”，可推断空格和下文构成地点状语，countries是大地点，故用in 表示 “在……处”。
技巧点拨
(2) 根据上下文文意或固定搭配，选择合适的介词。
　　　
Thanks to the craze, there have been events like group rides and bike festivals. These create a sense of community 　73　 bikers. 【2024·广东真题】
always　among　and　answer　believe　big　but　city　grow　seldom　they　whenever
技巧点拨
解析：根据 “These create a sense of community… bikers. ” 和备选词可知，这些在骑自行车的人中创造了一种社区意识，among “在……之间” 符合语境，故填among。
技巧点拨
　　　it　either　be　because　what　else　by　invent　clean　popular　habit　hundred
As time went 　70　, the forms of toothbrushes changed.
【2023·广东真题】
解析：“as time goes/went by” 是固定搭配，意为 “随着时光流逝”，代入原句符合文意，故答案为by。
技巧点拨
一、单项选择
(　　) 1．—I miss Bill very much as we haven’t seen each other ________ two years.
—Me, too. Whenever I see the photo, it reminds me ________ the happy days we spent together.
【2024·滨州真题改编】
A．in; with B．for; of C．on; in
B　
中考集训
(　　) 2．A special festival was held ________ September 23rd last year to honor the hard work of Chinese farmers.
【2024·福建真题】
A．in B．for C．on
C　
中考集训
(　　) 3．—I’m thirsty. I’d like a bottle of water. How about you, Bob
—I prefer a cup of coffee ________ nothing in it.
【2024·绥化真题】
A．without B．with C．to
B　
中考集训
(　　) 4．The health website provides a lot of useful advice ________ teenagers. 【2024·临夏真题改编】
A．with B．for C．to
(　　) 5．Fan Jinshi, born ________ 1938, has devoted(献身) all her time to protecting Dunhuang cultural heritage (遗产). 【2024·白银真题改编】
A．at B．on C．in
B　
C　
中考集训
二、选词填空
　
1．It is our duty to protect the forest ___________ fires.
2．If you compare her work ________ his, you’ll find hers is much better.
3．__________ the Spring Festival month, people seldom have their hair cut.
between　with　except　against　during　
against　
with　
During　
中考集训
4．Everyone is here __________ Alan, because he is still ill in hospital. 【2024·眉山真题改编】
5．A new railway is being built ___________ Rizhao and Qingdao. 【2024·日照真题改编】
between　with　except　against　during　
except　
between　
中考集训
三、语法选择
Chopsticks are used in Asian countries, especially in China. They are made of two pieces of sticks with the same shape and size. They are different 　 1 　 knives and forks. People say that the first chopsticks were used 　2　 China 5,000 years ago.
(　　) 1．A．with B．from C．for
(　　) 2．A．on B．at C．in
from
B　
in
C　
中考集训
The different cooking habits lead to different sizes of chopsticks. 　 3 　 example, Japanese use long chopsticks because they eat a lot of fish. Such chopsticks are helpful for them to pick the fish from the bones(骨).
(　　) 3．A．For B．As C．Among
For
A　
中考集训
People use different kinds 　4　 materials to make chopsticks. Bamboo chopsticks are common. It is light and doesn’t burn. People use wood and bones for making chopsticks, too.
(　　) 4．A．to B．of C．for
of
B　
中考集训
Some rich people use valuable metal because the poison usually has a chemical effect on metal. Many emperors used silver chopsticks. It was believed that the food 　 5　 .
poison(毒) would make them turn black.
(　　) 5．A．under B．without C．with
with
C　
中考集训
一、语法选择(原创时文)
Sun Yang is a three-time Olympic champion from China. 　1　 Sunday, he won the gold medal in the men’s 400m freestyle at the 2024 National Summer Swimming Championships in Hefei, Anhui Province.
(　　) 1．A．In B．On C．At
On
B　
语篇训练
Sun is a member 　2　 Zhejiang team this time. He finished the race in 3 minutes and 49.58 seconds. After returning from a 51-month suspension(复出), the 33-year-old showed his power and influence 　3　 leading the race from the first 200m.
(　　) 2．A．of B．with C．between
(　　) 3．A．by B．in C．over
of
A　
by
A　
语篇训练
“I could have done better，” Sun said 　 4 　 the competition. “Four years away from competition, and
　 5 　 strict training, I do feel rusty(生疏) in controlling the speed, and I need more competitions.
(　　) 4．A．during B．after C．before
(　　) 5．A．with B．to C．without
after
B　
to
C　
语篇训练
But it’s a good start 　6　 my comeback. I’m happy 　7　.
this result.
(　　) 6．A．for B．except C．in
(　　) 7．A．down B．off C．with
for
A　
with
C　
语篇训练
In an interview after the match, Sun shared, “I don’t want to think about the past anymore because I’ve already come out 　 8 　 the darkness，” Sun said.
(　　) 8．A．through B．against C．from
from
C　
语篇训练
He added that he aimed to serve as a role model for young people born 　　9　　 the 2000s and 2010s. He hopes they will make a great difference 　10　 Chinese men’s swimming.
(　　) 9．A．between B．about C．on
(　　) 10．A．on B．with C．to
between
A　
to
C　
语篇训练
二、短文填空(时文)
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。 注意：每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
语篇训练
Imagine having a magic crayon that can bring your imagination to life. That’s exactly what happens in the movie Harold and the Purple Crayon,　which is from a children’s book 　1　 Crockett Johnson.
for　in　like　back　after　about　
with　at　to　from　by　of　
by
语篇训练
　2　 the book, Harold is a kid who uses his crayon to draw a magic world. If he draws the moon, it shines just
　　3　　 the real one. If he draws a hot-air balloon, it can fly away. But in the movie, Harold is an adult character in a book who uses the crayon to enter the real world.
for　in　like　back　after　about　
with　at　to　from　by　of　
In
like
语篇训练
Together with his friends Moose and Porcupine, Harold gets help 　　4　　 a kind family. He pays 　 5　 .
their kindness by drawing things that make them happy. He also shares his magical powers 　　6　　 a boy named Mel. Mel finds Harold’s purple crayon helpful when he faces troubles.
for　in　like　back　after　about　
with　at　to　from　by　of　
from
back
with
语篇训练
Of course, the crayon finally falls into the wrong hands. Harold worries 　　7　　 it much. He loses faith (信心) in himself. Luckily 　　8　　 that, friendship and imagination show him and his friends that anything is possible.
for　in　like　back　after　about　
with　at　to　from　by　of　
about
after
语篇训练
Harold and the Purple Crayon is funny and exciting. Readers 　9　 the book will really enjoy seeing the characters come to life on the big screen. It’s perfect 　10　.
a family movie night and for anyone who enjoys magic stories.
for　in　like　back　after　about　
with　at　to　from　by　of　
of
for
语篇训练
1．___________　 2．___________ 3．___________　4．___________　 5．___________ 6．___________　7．___________　 8．___________ 9．___________　10．___________
by　
In　
like　
from　
back　
with　
about　
after　
of　
for　
语篇训练