第11章　句子种类与简单句(共60张PPT) 2025年中考英语语法突破（广东）

(共60张PPT)
第十一章　句子种类与简单句
第二部分　中考语法突破
知识框架
考点 题型
语法选择 短文填空
陈述句 / /
疑问句 / /
祈使句 / /
感叹句 2023(第35题How) 2022(第67题 how)
There be句型 2024(第33题There is) /
考情分析
分析：2022年和2023年均涉及了how引导的感叹句的考查， 而2022年更是将感叹句与宾语从句相结合进行综合性考查。 2024年则考查了there be句型。 另外， 读写综合题中的回答问题和书面表达也都是关于句子结构的考查， 所以掌握好简单句是非常重要的。
考情分析
考点一　根据句子结构划分的五种基本句型 ★★
1．句子成分：主语、 谓语、 宾语、 表语、 定语、 状语、 宾语补足语和同位语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。
句子成分 构成 例子
主语 名词、 人称代词主格、 数词、 动词不定式、 动名词等 I have a stomachache.
我胃痛。
考点梳理
句子成分 构成 例子
谓语 动词， 一般位于主语之后 He put the book on the table.
他把书放在桌上。
宾语 名词、 人称代词宾格、 数词、 动词不定式、 动名词等 I lost my school ID card.
我丢了校卡。
考点梳理
句子成分 构成 例子
表语 在连系动词之后的形容词、 名词、 代词、 动词不定式、 介词短语等 My keys are in my schoolbag.
我的钥匙在书包里。
定语 形容词、 代词、 数词、 名词、 动词不定式、 介词短语等 The white model plane is hers.
白色的飞机模型是她的。
考点梳理
句子成分 构成 例子
状语 副词、 介词短语、 动词不定式、 分词和分词短语等 Sports stars eat well.
运动明星吃得很好。
宾语 补足语 形容词、 名词、 代词、 数词、 动词不定式、 分词等 The loud music makes me nervous.
吵闹的音乐使我很紧张。
考点梳理
句子成分 构成 例子
同位语 名词、 数词、 代词或从句等 Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。
考点梳理
2．根据句子结构划分的五种基本句型
基本句型 例子
主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋V＋P) You look happy. 你看起来很高兴。
主语＋不及物动词(S＋V) We talked a lot. 我们谈了很多。
考点梳理
基本句型 例子
主语＋及物动词＋宾语(S＋V＋O) I enjoy my English class. 我喜欢英语课。
主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S＋V＋IO＋DO) He sent me some flowers. 他送给我一些花。
主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S＋V＋O＋OC) I find English interesting. 我发现英语很有趣。
考点梳理
(　　) 1．What is the sentence pattern of “The dish smells terrible”？ 【2024·宿迁模拟改编】
A．S＋V B．S＋V＋O C．S＋V＋P
C　
考点梳理
考点二　根据句子功能划分的四种基本句型 ★★★
1．陈述句
陈述句用来说明事实或阐述一个观点， 有肯定和否定两种形式， 句末用句号。
如：This is my best friend. 这是我最好的朋友。
考点梳理
2．疑问句
种类 概念 例子
一般 疑问句 一般疑问句是把情态动词、 助动词或be动词提到句首， 直接用yes 或no 回答的疑问句 —Does he often take a bus to school
——他经常坐公交车去上学吗？
—Yes, he does. /No, he doesn’t.
——是的， 他常坐。/不， 他不常坐。
考点梳理
种类 概念 例子
特殊 疑问句 特殊疑问句是由 “特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句” 构成的句子， 特殊疑问词有：who, which, what, how, why, when, where, how long, how many, how often等， 且不能用yes或no回答 注意：特殊疑问句中有一种特殊类型为以疑问词作主语 —How much is your backpack
——你的背包多少钱？
—20 dollars.
——20美元。
—Who is singing
——谁在唱歌？
—Lucy.
——露西。
考点梳理
种类 概念 例子
选择 疑问句 选择疑问句是由 “一般疑问句/特殊疑问句＋or＋供选择的部分” 构成的句子， 不能用yes 或no 进行简单回答 —Is the girl with short hair from America or England
——那个留短发的女孩来自美国还是英国？
—She is from America.
——她来自美国。
—What do you like, apples or pears
——你喜欢什么， 苹果还是梨？
—Pears.　　　
——梨。
考点梳理
(　　) 2．—Lily, your new schoolbag is pretty. ________ did you buy it
—In a store near my home. 　【2024·北京真题改编】
A．How B．Where C．Why
(　　) 3．________ is the girl wearing a scarf Is she your sister 【2024·无锡真题改编】
A．Who B．Which C．What
B　
A　
考点梳理
3．祈使句
祈使句是表示请求、 命令、 叮嘱、 邀请、 劝告等的句子。祈使句的主语you往往省略， 谓语动词用原形。
考点梳理
考点梳理
(　　) 4．“Li Ming, ________ your homework first, and you can watch TV for 30 minutes，” said his mum.
【2024·绥化真题】
A．does B．did C．do
C　
考点梳理
4．感叹句
感叹句用来表达强烈的感情， 句末用感叹号， 通常由how 或what 引导。
结构：How＋形容词/副词(＋主语＋谓语)!
What＋形容词＋不可数名词/可数名词复数(＋主语＋谓语)!
What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数(＋主语＋谓语)!
考点梳理
如：How hot it is today！今天好热啊！
What honest kids they are! 他们是多么诚实的孩子啊！
What a nice car(it is)！多漂亮的一辆车啊！
判断what和how选用的技巧：去主谓以及主谓后的其他成分， 句尾为名词则用what, what a或what an, 若是形容词或副词则用how。
考点梳理
(　　) 5．—________ fine weather! It’s a good match for going on a picnic.
—Exactly. I simply can’t wait！【2024·宿迁真题改编】
A．How B．What C．What a
B　
考点梳理
(　　) 6．________ helpful the speech is! It tells us to use the Internet safely. 　　　　【2024·长春真题改编】
A．What B．What a C．How
(　　) 7．________ meaningful day! We volunteered to clean up our city park. 　 　　【2024·云南真题改编】
A．How B．What C．What a
C　
C　
考点梳理
考点三　there be句型 ★★★
1．there be句型的结构：There＋be＋某人/某物＋某地
表示：某地有某人或者某物(there be没有实际意义)
2．there be句型的各种句式
(1) 肯定句：There are some trees in the picture. 照片里有一些树。
(2) 否定句：There aren’t any trees in the picture. 照片里没有树。(将否定词not放在be 之后)
考点梳理
(3) 疑问句：—Are there any trees in the picture？照片里有树吗？(将be 放在there 之前)
—Yes, there are. (No, there aren’t. ) 是的， 有。(不， 没有。)(回答时用yes或no, 后接简单答语)
—How many trees are there in the picture 照片里有多少棵树？
—There are five. 有五棵树。
考点梳理
3．there be句型的各种时态
(1) 一般现在时：there is/are
如：There is an apple on the table. 桌子上有一个苹果。
(2) 一般过去时：there was/were
如：There was a football match in our school yesterday. 昨天我们学校有一场足球赛。
(3) 一般将来时：there is/are going to be或 there will be
如：There will be a class meeting this afternoon. 今天下午有班会。
考点梳理
4．there be句型的 “就近原则”
There be＋并列主语结构中， 谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致， 即 “就近原则”。
如：There is a book and two pens on the desk. 桌面上有一本书和两支钢笔。
(a book 与be动词最近， 故用is)
考点梳理
There are two pens and a book on the desk.
桌面上有两支钢笔和一本书。
(two pens与be动词最近， 故用are)
考点梳理
5．辨析 there be 和have/has
there be强调某地存在某人/某物
have/has强调某人拥有某物(强调主语和宾语的所属关系)
注意：表示 “有……” 时， there be和have / has两者不能混用。
如：There are quite a few trees in the school. 学校里有许多树。
I have a lot of good friends. 我有很多好朋友。
考点梳理
8．Don’t lose heart, son. There ______(be) always a way out. 　　【2024·无锡真题】
(　　) 9．—There ________ a football match this evening.
—Exciting news. 【2024·广西模拟改编】
A．are going to be 　　B．is going to be
C．is going to have
is　
B　
考点梳理
简单句与语法选择
分析句子成分， 判断句子类型， 回忆相应的句子结构， 选出正确答案。
技巧点拨
　　　　33　　 a shopping mall near Peter’s home.
【2024·广东真题】
(　　) 33．A．There is 　B．It is C．They are
解析：根据句意可知， 此处表示 “彼得家附近有一家购物中心”， 而表示 “某地有某物” 应使用there be句型， 故选A。
技巧点拨
　　　　35　 excited David was! 　【2023·广东真题】
(　　) 35．A．How B．What C．What an
解析：分析句子成分可知， 这是一个感叹句。 去掉主谓 “David was”， 句尾为形容词 “excited”， 应用how引导， 故选A。
技巧点拨
一、 单项选择
(　　) 1．—Li Lei won the first place. ________ good news it is!
—Yes, we’re all happy for him. 【2024·黑龙江真题】
A．How B．What a C．What
C　
中考集训
(　　) 2．—________ wonderful experience our family had in the Mogao Caves!
—I’m glad you had a good time. 【2024·临夏真题改编】
A．What B．How C．What a
C　
中考集训
(　　) 3．—Bob, ________ can you have your product ready
—I’m not sure. I’m still waiting for the final design.
【2024·青山区模拟改编】
A．how soon B．how long C．how often
A　
中考集训
(　　) 4．________ “lying flat(躺平)”， and you will make your life more meaningful and colorful.
【2024·长春模拟改编】
A．Refuse B．Refusing C．To refuse
(　　) 5．There ________ a basketball game between Class 2 and Class 8 tomorrow afternoon.　　　
【2024·河北模拟改编】
A．is B．will have C．will be
A　
C　
中考集训
二、 用所给词的正确形式填空
　　
1．—Millie, ________ are you preparing for
—My mom’s birthday is coming. I plan to hold a party for her.
2．__________ be afraid to change something in your life. It might be a new step for you.
not　review　how　be　what
what　
Don’t　
中考集训
3．_______ smart the robot cleaner is! I really want to have one.
4．—Sam, what are you doing here
—There ______ something wrong with my bike. I am here to have it repaired.
5．__________ what you have learned before the English exam, or you aren’t able to get good grades.
How　
is　
Review　
中考集训
三、 语法选择 【2024·成都真题改编】
On Saturday afternoon, Mom asked Jim to tidy his bedroom. A few minutes later he came back.
“It is tidy now，” Jim said.
“Good，” said Mom. “　　1　　 some money from my drawer(抽屉) and buy some candies. ”
(　　) 1．A．Take B．To take C．Taking
Take
A　
中考集训
Jim opened the drawer cheerfully(高兴地). He found six pens, four keys, three gloves, two tickets and a notebook.
“　　2　　 are all these things？” asked Jim.
“Oh, that’s my safe place，” said Mom. “Let’s
　3　 and see your room. ”
(　　) 2．A．Where B．What C．How
(　　) 3．A．going B．to go C．go
What
B　
go
C　
中考集训
They went to Jim’s bedroom. It looked nice and tidy. Then Mom looked under Jim’s bed. 　　　4　　　 all Jim’s clothes, books and toys under the bed.
“What are all these things？” she asked.
(　　) 4．A．There were B．They were　 C．It was
There were
A　
中考集训
“That’s my safe place，” said Jim.
Mom laughed. “　　5　　 tidy your room and then we can tidy my drawer. ”
(　　) 5．A．To let us B．Letting us C．Let’s
Let’s
C　
中考集训
一、 语法选择
Today’s story is about a teacher. Long long ago,
　 　1 　　 a teacher in a small village. He often taught his students in special ways.
(　　) 1．A．it was B．there was C．here was
there was
B　
语篇训练
One day he said to four of his students, “　2　 to a small farm and see apple trees. But you should go in different seasons. ” The first student went in winter, the second in spring, the third in summer, and the last in fall.
(　　) 2．A．Go B．To go C．Going
Go
A　
语篇训练
After the four students came back, the teacher called them together. They described their feelings to the teacher. The first student said that there 　　3　　 no leaves on the trees. “　　4　　 disappointed I was！”
(　　) 3．A．are B．was C．were
(　　) 4．A．What B．What a C．How
were
C　
How
C　
语篇训练
The second student disagreed, “　 5 　 are you talking about My eyes were full of green. It made me feel hopeful. ” The third one couldn’t wait to say, “　 6 　.　 pretty trees they were! I felt so relaxed.
(　　) 5．A．What B．When C．Which
(　　) 6．A．What B．What a C．How
What
A　
What
A　
语篇训练
The sweet smell of the flowers spread here and there, attracting(吸引) many bees and butterflies. ” Hearing these words, the last one shook his head. He said, “Just
　　7　　 the trees are full of apples. I am so happy to stay among the trees. ”
(　　) 7．A．imagined B．imagine C．imagining
imagine
B　
语篇训练
The teacher smiled and told his students none of them were wrong, but each just saw one season. He continued, “The trees 　　8　　 the same in different seasons.
　　9　　 can you judge a tree by only one season？”
(　　) 8．A．does not B．do not C．are not
(　　) 9．A．Who B．Where C．How
are not
C　
Where
C　
语篇训练
Everything has different sides in our life. 　 10 　 try to make a conclusion(结论) in a hurry before you see the whole of it.
(　　) 10．A．Don’t 　　B．Doesn’t　　　C．Not
Don’t
A　
语篇训练
二、 短文填空
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空， 使文章完整连贯。 注意：每空一词， 每词仅用一次， 有两词为多余项。
　　
Who do you admire Why Here are some different ideas from students.
second　where　be　teach　remember　what　how　they　do　why　hour　there
语篇训练
“I admire the police because they have many hard jobs to do. When they leave home, they don’t know if they will return. 　　1　　 dangerous their job can be! Mr. Police, 　　　2　　　 to be safe, please！” said Lily.
second　where　be　teach　remember　what　how　they　do　why　hour　there
How
remember
语篇训练
“I admire the volunteers at my school. Here 　3　.　 something I know about them. First, they help teachers to teach us how to read and write. 　　4　　, they try to make it easier for us to understand what we are learning.
second　where　be　teach　remember　what　how　they　do　why　hour　there
is
Second
语篇训练
When we make mistakes, they don’t look down on us. They are very patient with us. 　　5　　 a good job they do! I am so glad that these people spend their time helping us，” said Bob.
second　where　be　teach　remember　what　how　they　do　why　hour　there
What
语篇训练
“I admire teachers. 　　6　　 do I say so Well, most of 　　7　　 are very patient. They often spend many 　　8　　 in the classroom. They teach us not only knowledge but also how to be a good person.
second　where　be　teach　remember　what　how　they　do　why　hour　there
Why
them
hours
语篇训练
How meaningful it is! I admire them and I also want to be a teacher when I grow up. Studying hard is the first step，” said Susan.
second　where　be　teach　remember　what　how　they　do　why　hour　there
语篇训练
“I admire firemen, because they are very brave. Every time 　9　　 is a fire, they have to go into burning buildings to save people’s lives. Sometimes the smoke is so heavy that they can’t see or breathe.
second　where　be　teach　remember　what　how　they　do　why　hour　there
there
语篇训练
Sometimes they 　10　 not know if they will get out safely, but they still do their best to save others. I really admire them，” said Jack.
second　where　be　teach　remember　what　how　they　do　why　hour　there
do
语篇训练
1．___________　 2．___________ 3．___________　4．___________　 5．___________ 6．___________　7．___________　 8．___________ 9．___________　10．__________
How　
remember　
is　
Second　
What　
Why　
them　
hours　
there　
do　
语篇训练