主题 15　历史与社会课件(共72张PPT) 2025年中考英语语法突破（广东）

(共72张PPT)
主题15　历史与社会
第三部分　中考主题突破
积基树本
1．社会 ___________ 2．social _________________ 3．*socialism ____________ 4．public ________________ 5．government ________ 6．*era ______________ 7．古代的；古老的 ________
8．pioneer _______________
9．英雄；勇士 ________
10．*master ______________
11．peace ________
12．战争 _______
Ⅰ．历史和社会History and Society
society　
社会的；社交的　
社会主义　
民众；公共的　
政府　
时代；纪元　
ancient　
先锋；开拓者　
hero　
能手；掌握　
和平　
war　
积基树本
13．army ________
14．enemy ________
15．领导；带领 ________
16．打架 ___________
17．gun __________
18．spirit ________
19．victory ________
20．treasure ______________
军队　
敌人　
lead　
fight　
枪；炮　
精神　
胜利　
珠宝；财富　
积基树本
21．wealth ______________
22．*荣誉；荣耀 _________________
23．*选票；投票 ________
24．president ______________
25．law ______________
26．旗；标志 ________
27．period ______________
财产；财富　
honour/honor　
vote　
总统；主席　
法律；法规　
flag　
时期；时代　
积基树本
1．一 _______ 2．first ______________ 3．二 _______ 4．second ____________ 5．三 _________ 6．third ________ 7．四 ________
8．fourth ________
9．五 ________
10．fifth ________
11．六 _______
12．sixth ________
Ⅱ．数词Number
one　
第一；首次　
two　
秒；第二　
three　
第三　
four　
第四　
five　
第五　
six　
第六　
积基树本
13．七 _________ 14．seventh ________ 15．八 _________ 16．eighth ________ 17．nine ______ 18．第九 _________ 19．十 _______ 20．tenth __________ 21．十一 _________
22．十二 __________
23．twelfth __________
24．十三 ____________
25．十四 ____________
26．十五 ___________
27．十六 ___________

seven　
第七　
eight　
第八　
九　
ninth　
ten　
第十　
eleven　
twelve　
第十二　
thirteen　
fourteen　
fifteen　
sixteen　
积基树本
Ⅲ．短语类
1．public service ____________
2．进入新纪元 ___________________
3．在古代 __________________
4．和平共处 ______________
5．在交战状态中 __________
6．导致 __________
公共服务　
enter a new era　
in ancient times　
live in peace　
at war　
lead to　
积基树本
7．为……而战 ___________
8．win victory ____________
9．得到财富和健康 ______________________
10．为纪念 _____________________
11．vote for ________
12．制定法律 _____________
13．national flag ________
14．在过去 ______________
fight for　
赢得胜利　
get wealth and health　
in honour/honor of　
投票　
make a law　
国旗　
in the past　
积基树本
1．随着社会的发展，越来越多的年轻人选择到大城市工作和生活。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
With the development of society, more and more young people choose to work and live in big cities.　
积基树本
2．为了改善公共服务，自2023年以来我的家乡修建了很多免费的公园和学校。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In order to improve public service, the government has built plenty of free parks and schools in my hometown since 2023．　
积基树本
3．请不要在公共场所吸烟，因为这对我们的健康有害且违反了规定。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
4．Tom最喜欢的学科是历史，他喜欢听关于古代战争和帝王的故事。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tom’s favorite subject is history, and he enjoys listening to the stories about wars and emperors/kings in ancient times.　
Please don’t smoke in public, because it is bad for our health and against the rule.　
积基树本
5．We face both challenges and problems in the modern society, which requires the young people to learn from history carefully and fight hard for the bright future.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
在现代社会中我们既面临挑战，也面临问题，这需要年轻人认真学习历史，为美好的未来而奋斗。　
积基树本
短文填空 【2023·锦州真题改编】
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意：每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
体裁： 说明文 词数： 230 难度：★★★☆ 建议用时： 7 mins 正确率：______/10　
积基树本
The “unity of man and nature”(天人合一) is necessary and important in the culture of China. The Chinese believe in the unity of man and nature. Most traditional festivals build a right order of relationships
　　 1 　　 humans. Chinese people have 　 2 　　. these rules to live and work for thousands of years.
but　give　follow　peace　ancient　among　three　law　usually　that　we　kind　
among
followed
积基树本
The 　 　3　 　 Chinese never put themselves above nature in the past. Zhuangzi, for example, believed “Heaven(天) and earth are parents to all things in the world”.
but　give　follow　peace　ancient　among　three　law　usually　that　we　kind　
ancient
积基树本
The duty of nature is to “　　4　　 birth to all things” and “let all things grow”，while the duty of humans is to “make all things perfect”. Heaven, earth and humans should be one in unity. Each of the 　　5　　 parts has its own way and role.
but　give　follow　peace　ancient　among　three　law　usually　that　we　kind　
give
three
积基树本
The idea of unity of man and nature has been in the heart of Chinese people. People should live in 　 6 　. with nature and animals. It encourages us to make strict
　 7 　 to protect the natural environment. We not only plant more trees 　 8 　 build more homes for animals.
but　give　follow　peace　ancient　among　three　law　usually　that　we　kind　
peace
laws
but
积基树本
Many power stations are 　　9　　 built to produce safe and clean electricity from water, wind and sunlight, which will not lead to pollution.
but　give　follow　peace　ancient　among　three　law　usually　that　we　kind　
usually
积基树本
Most of 　10　 are kind to others and follow the natural way of living. We try to form the habit of rising early, eating healthily and living happily.
but　give　follow　peace　ancient　among　three　law　usually　that　we　kind　
us
积基树本
1．___________　 2．___________ 3．___________　4．___________　 5．___________ 6．___________　7．___________　 8．___________ 9．___________　10．__________
among　
followed　
ancient　
give　
three　
peace　
laws　
but　
usually　
us　
积基树本
一、语法选择 【2024·宿迁真题改编】
Su Shi was a famous Chinese writer, poet and painter.
When he was young, he read a lot of books and wrote many good articles.
体裁： 记叙文 词数：231 难度：★★☆☆ 建议用时： 5 mins 正确率：______/10　
巩固拓展
People thought 　　1　　 of him. He became very proud and wrote a couplet(对联) for himself.
Knowing all the words in the world；
Reading all the books on the earth.
(　　) 1．A．higher　　 B．highly　　C．high
highly
B　
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A wise old man saw this couplet and thought, “I will teach him 　　2　　 how to be modest(谦虚的). ”
(　　) 2．A．to learn 　　B．learn C．learning
to learn
A　
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So, one day, the old man showed Su Shi a book and explained, “So far, I 　 　3　 　 the book several times. However, 　 　4　 　 still some difficult words. I have asked many people, but none of them 　 5 　 understand their meanings. ”
(　　) 3．A．read B．will read C．have read
(　　) 4．A．there is B．they are C．there are
(　　) 5．A．could B．should C．would
have read
C　
there are
C　
could
A　
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Su Shi took the book from the old 　　6　　 hand. When he opened it, he became very 　 　7　 　 because there were many words he didn’t know.
(　　) 6．A．man B．man’s C．men
(　　) 7．A．surprised B．surprising C．surprise
man’s
B　
surprised
A　
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Actually, the old man knew every word in this book. He just wanted to make Su Shi know 　 8 　 importance of being modest. Su Shi’s face turned red and said, “Now I know 　 9 　 you came. I shouldn’t have been so proud. ”
(　　) 8．A．a B．an C．the
(　　) 9．A．why B．where C．when
the
C　
why
A　
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The old man smiled and left. Then Su Shi quickly took his brush. Some words 　 　10　 　 to the couplet:
Working hard to know all the words in the world；
Trying hard to read all the books on the earth.
(　　) 10．A．are added　 B．were added　 C．added
were added
B　
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二、完形填空 【2023·江门模拟改编】
Australian Rachel Gilmour was teaching her students in Fujian Province, and the classroom was filled with laughter.
体裁： 记叙文 词数：247 难度：★★★☆ 建议用时： 6 mins 正确率：______/10　
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But the cards she always carried with her showed these kids were not 　　11　　 students—they were orphans(孤儿), most of whom had disabilities(残疾) in brain or body.
(　　) 11．A．special B．common
C．tall D．brave
common
B　
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Those cards with pictures were special tools for Rachel to 　　　12　　　 with them.
(　　) 12．A．communicate B．compare
C．agree D．continue
communicate
A　
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Rachel came to the Zhangzhou Social Welfare(福利) Center about two years ago. She really 　　13　　. working in the center.
(　　) 13．A．finished B．avoided
C．enjoyed D．suggested
enjoyed
C　
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“These kids are amazing，” said Rachel, with a smile. “I don’t think they regard me as a 　 　14　 　. I don’t think they are different from others, either. ”
(　　) 14．A．customer B．foreigner
C．speaker D．leader
foreigner
B　
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She still remembered 　　15　　 the first day she walked into the center. “The thing that touched me about these kids was how well-mannered they were and how happy they were，” Rachel said. “These kids luckily have teachers who love them and 　 　16　 　 them. ”
(　　) 15．A．quickly B．directly
C．politely D．clearly
(　　) 16．A．part with B．shout at
C．care about D．hear from
clearly
D　
care about
C　
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Talking about the children, Rachel said love was very
　 　17　 　 to them. “Each of these kids is special, but you need an ability to 　 18 　 it，” she said.
(　　) 17．A．simple B．correct
C．difficult D．important
(　　) 18．A．see B．accept
C．guess D．protect
important
D　
see
A　
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“There are many stories of the kids. For example, they couldn’t go to the bathroom by themselves and now they can. I feel really proud when I see the 　　19　　 the kids make every day. ”
(　　) 19．A．mistake B．progress
C．choice D．decision
progress
B　
巩固拓展
“I have got so much from working with the teachers and children here，” she said. “　 20 　 is the best language that everyone can speak and understand. ”
(　　) 20．A．Work B．Love
C．Spirit D．Patience
Love
B　
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三、阅读理解
A
There are a great number of museums in Shanghai. However, there are some that you may never have seen before.
体裁： 应用文 词数：251 难度：★★☆☆ 建议用时： 5 mins 正确率：______/5　
巩固拓展
Shanghai Chopsticks Museum
This museum is small and cold. It is perhaps the smallest museum in Shanghai. There are different kinds of chopsticks on the first floor collected by the writer Lan Xiang, an old man in his eighties. There is a total of more than 2,000 pairs of chopsticks, among which is a pair of silver chopsticks from the Tang Dynasty.
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Tickets: Free
Opening times: 9∶00 a. m. —6∶00 p. m. (every day)
Telephone: 021-56717528(telephone booking(预约) is needed)
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Shanghai Ink(墨水) Museum
Beginning with the history of ink, the museum, which has only one room, introduces the story of how ink was introduced to Shanghai. The glass box shows plenty of ink and brushes, while the writing on the wall shows the beauty of Chinese calligraphy(书法).
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Tickets: Free
Opening times: 9∶00 a. m. —5∶00 p. m. (no entering after 4∶45 p. m. )(from Tue. to Sun. )
Telephone: 021-63281558
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The Shanghai Museum of Glass
The new museum started in 2011, especially showing the history and beauty of glass. The museum has been built within a factory, which is quite well kept, with different buildings keeping different kinds of glass.
Ticket: 80 yuan
Opening times: 10∶00 a. m. —5∶00 p. m. (from Tue. to Sun. )
Telephone: 021-66181972
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(　　) 21．You need to book on the phone first before your visit if you go to________.
A．Shanghai Chopsticks Museum
B．Shanghai Ink Museum
C．Shanghai Museum of Glass
D．all three museums
A　
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(　　) 22．When should Susan go if she wants to admire Chinese calligraphy
A．At 9∶30 a. m. on Monday.
B．At 10 a. m. on Wednesday.
C．At 4∶50 p. m. on Friday.
D．At 5∶10 p. m. on Saturday.
B　
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(　　) 23．How much should Mr. Li pay if he wants to visit Shanghai Museum of Glass with his wife and 9-year-old son
A．80 yuan. B．160 yuan.
C．240 yuan. D．320 yuan.
C　
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(　　) 24．Which of the following is NOT true
A．There are over 2,000 pairs of chopsticks in total at Shanghai Chopsticks Museum.
B．You can call Shanghai Ink Museum at 021-63281558 to know more information.
C．Shanghai Museum of Glass was built within a factory.
D．You can stay in the above three museums mentioned for more than 8 hours.
D　
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(　　) 25．What kind of text is the passage
A．A story. B．A diary.
C．An ad. D．A report.
C　
巩固拓展
B 【2024·遂宁真题改编·时文】
体裁： 说明文 词数：267 难度：★★★☆ 建议用时： 6 mins 正确率：______/5　
The foreigners are listening to a Chinese-language class at the Shekou MSCE(境外人员管理服务中心) on Wednesday night.
巩固拓展
“The night school program is designed to create a friendly environment for non-Chinese people to learn our language. We will introduce new sports and culture experience courses in October and November，” said Rita Yang, head of the center.
巩固拓展
A growing number of Chinese people also go to night schools. They can get colorful courses from dancing and sports to food cooking and tasting. These courses usually cost hardly anything. They have become popular among young people who want to look for new skills, hobbies and friends.
巩固拓展
In the 1980s, many people studied at night schools for middle school courses. 　▲　 because of the popularization (普及) of higher education and the Internet. But the latest fashion came back to Shanghai last autumn, when more than 650,000 people competed for 10,000 places at the city’s night schools.
巩固拓展
Night schools have also rapidly appeared in other cities. Miss Wang in Wuhan thinks night schools are good places to make friends. “Some people like to choose social media to find friends, but social media makes it harder for friends to spend time together. I used to spend much of my time alone. Since I attended the night school, I have felt more associated with modern society. Besides, chatting to people with similar hobbies is a lot of fun，” she said.
巩固拓展
Young people strongly wish to improve themselves and make their cultural lives colorful. That has made night schools popular.
(　　) 26．How much does it cost if young people go to night schools
A．A little. B．Much.
C．Little or nothing. D．Too much.
C　
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(　　) 27．(新考法) Which of the following can be put in “　▲　” in Paragraph 3
A．But night schools almost disappeared
B．But night schools became more popular
C．But people started going to night schools
D．But people were too busy with their work
A　
巩固拓展
(　　) 28．What does the underlined word “associated” mean in Paragraph 4
A．Connected. B．Disappointed.
C．Bored. D．Separated.
(　　) 29．Why do young people attend the night schools
A．To make friends. B．To taste food.
C．To do sports. D．To improve themselves.
A　
D　
巩固拓展
(　　) 30．What is the best title for the passage
A．The Introduction of the Shekou Night School Program
B．The Influence of Night Schools on Social Media
C．The Rise of Night Schools in China
D．The Reasons for Miss Wang’s Choice
C　
巩固拓展
C
配对阅读。左栏是五个人的情况，右栏是七种外国文化，请为每个人选择最感兴趣的内容。
A．New Year’s Day
January 1st. There’s a large celebration in England. We stay up late to welcome the coming of the new year. We enjoy drinks and food, buy clothing and visit friends.
词数：291 难度：★★☆☆ 建议用时：5 mins 正确率：_____/5　
巩固拓展
B．Valentine’s Day
February 14th. Sweethearts’ day, on which people in love with each other express their love messages.
C．Traffic Rules in America
Keep left! Don’t use your horn(喇叭) to express anger.
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D．Weather in England
Changeable. Don’t be surprised to see Englishmen leave home on a bright, sunny morning with a raincoat or an umbrella.
E．Names and Titles(头衔)
When people do not know each other very well, they use last names with “Mr. ” for men, “Mrs. ” for married women and “Miss” for unmarried women.
巩固拓展
F．Eating in America
Arrive on time with some small gifts when you are invited to an American home for dinner. You should have the fork in your left hand and the knife in your right hand when eating.
G．Christmas
December 25th. It’s the biggest and best-loved holiday in the US. We usually get presents from Father Christmas.
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(　　) 31． It is the first time for Mr. Zhang to drive a car with his friends in America.
(　　) 32． Chen Fang has celebrated Chinese New Year’s Day for long. Now she wants to know about other countries’ culture.
C　
A　
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(　　) 33． Tong Da was asked to an American friend’s home for dinner. It’s new to him.
(　　) 34． Edison is falling in love with a beautiful lady, but she doesn’t know it.
(　　) 35． Miss Xie is going to have a trip in London. She is not sure what kind of clothes she should take.
F　
B　
D　
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四、短文填空 【2023·江西真题改编】
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意：每空一词，每词仅用 一次，有两词为多余项。
体裁： 记叙文 词数：265 难度：★★★☆ 建议用时： 6 mins 正确率：______/10　
巩固拓展
Many years ago, there were many states in China. Yan Zi was a 　 36 　 adviser in the State of Qi and the king sent him to ask Chu to support each other.
enter　your　however　what　but　in　laugh　visitor　speak　height　wise　different
wise
巩固拓展
The king of Chu knew Yan Zi was very short. He tried to make Yan Zi feel bad about his 　 37 　. When Yan Zi arrived, the guard told him to 　 38 　 the city through the small gate.
enter　your　however　what　but　in　laugh　visitor　speak　height　wise　different
height
enter
巩固拓展
“Only a state of dogs will greet 　　39　　 with a gate for dogs. I’m visiting the State of Chu. This gate isn’t for me，” Yan Zi said. So the guard had to take him through the main gate.
enter　your　however　what　but　in　laugh　visitor　speak　height　wise　different
visitors
巩固拓展
The king of Chu was unhappy about 　 40 　 Yan Zi did. “Why did Qi send you Don’t they have anyone better？” the king tried to laugh at him 　41　 another way.
enter　your　however　what　but　in　laugh　visitor　speak　height　wise　different
what
in
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“If Qi meets a great king, it’ll send the best ambassador(使臣). I’m the worst. That’s why I’m here，” Yan Zi replied calmly. At this time, the guards brought a thief(小偷) to the king. The thief was from Qi. “Yan Zi, is Qi a state of thieves？” asked the king impolitely.
enter　your　however　what　but　in　laugh　visitor　speak　height　wise　different
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Yan Zi replied, “The orange trees south of Huai River produce big and delicious fruit, 　 42 　 the orange trees north of Huai River produce small and sour fruit.
enter　your　however　what　but　in　laugh　visitor　speak　height　wise　different
but
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The environment makes the fruit grow 　　43　 　. In Qi, people are honest, but here, 　 44 　 people steal. ” Finally, the king looked at Yan Zi and 　　45　　, “I was wrong about you and your state！”
enter　your　however　what　but　in　laugh　visitor　speak　height　wise　different
differently
your
laughed
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36．___________　 37．___________ 38．___________　39．___________　 40．___________ 41．___________　42．___________　 43．___________ 44．___________　45．___________
wise　
height　
enter　
visitors　
what　
in　
but　
differently　
your　
laughed　
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