09 专题九　非谓语动词 学案 2025年中考英语语法精讲（人教版）

专题九　非谓语动词
非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式,叫作非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)。非谓语动词有着动词的一些特点,可以充当主语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语等。非谓语动词包含三种形式:动词不定式,动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。
知识点1动词不定式
1.动词不定式的形式
动词不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形;其否定形式为:not to+动词原形。(要注意省略to的动词不定式)。
2.动词不定式的用法
句法功能 用法 例句
作主语 可放句首,但通常是用it代替不定式作主语 To see is to believe.眼见为实。 It is not easy to master a language.掌握一门语言是不容易的。
作宾语 放在部分动词后作宾语 He offered to help us.他提出要帮助我们。
作宾语 补足语 在使役动词make,have和let以及感官动词hear,see和watch等词后面,不定式省略to The high school invited a famous scientist to give a talk on World Earth Day. 在世界地球日,那所中学邀请了一位著名的科学家来作报告。 Did you see a little girl come in just now 你刚刚看到一个小女孩进来了吗
作定语 放在被修饰词后且和被修饰词有动宾关系 She is a nice person to work with.她是一个很好共事的人。
(续表)
句法功能 用法 例句
作状语 修饰动词,表示行为的目的、结果或原因 We must do everything we can do to help him. 我们必须尽一切力量帮助他。(目的状语) He lived to be 100.他活到了100岁。(结果状语) We jumped with joy to hear the news. 我们听到这个消息高兴得跳了起来。(原因状语)
【学以致用】
1.It’s necessary _______the local customs when you visit a foreign country.
A.follows　　　　　　 B.followed
C.following D.to follow
2.(2022·湖北十堰)The teacher told us _______too much noise because the other students were having an exam.
A.to not make B.not to make
C.not make D.not making
3.(2022·江苏扬州)_______ the people locked inside,the firemen broke down the door.
A.Reach B.To reach
C.Reaching D.To reaching
4.After a 10 days’ holiday,he had tons of emails _______　when he got back to the office.
A.replies B.replied to
C.to reply to D.replying
5.(2023·湖北武汉江岸区模拟)Lily is the first person _______the idea.
A.think of B.thinking of
C.to think of D.thinks of
知识点2动名词
1.动名词的形式
动名词由动词-ing形式构成,其否定形式为:not+动词-ing形式。
2.动名词的用法
句法功能 用法 例句
作主语 单个动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式 Meeting you has been a great pleasure.见到你非常高兴。
作宾语 动词 宾语 表示一般的习惯性行为或经常性的动作 The doctor advised taking more exercise. 医生建议多运动。
介词 宾语 要注意to在短语中作介词的情况 I’m looking forward to hearing from you. 我期待收到你的来信。
作表语 多数情况下,动名词作表语可转换为作主语 Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
作定语 用来修饰名词,分为前置定语和后置定语 I would like some drinking water. 我想要一些饮用水。(前置定语)
【巧记口诀】
常见的只跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)
喜爱不断提建议(enjoy,keep,suggest),盼望习惯却完毕(look forward to,be used to,finish),
想要练习去想象(feel like,practice,imagine),忍俊不禁还介意(can’t help,mind),
避免放弃不拖延(avoid,give up,put off),忙于考虑很值得(be busy,consider,be worth),
以上后跟动名词,劝君一定要注意(pay attention to)。
【要点提醒】
　　有些动词(短语)后既可跟不定式也可跟动名词,但意义不同。如:
【学以致用】
1.(2023·黑龙江)We should avoid _______a noise in the library.
A.make　　　B.to make　　　C.making
2.(2022·黑龙江绥化)Holly prefers playing the piano to _______the violin.Listen!She _______the piano in her room.
A.play;is playing
B.playing;plays
C.playing;is playing
3.(2022·贵州黔东南)There is no doubt _______Harry Potter is worth _______.
A.whether;read B.if;to read
C.that;reading D.as;being read
4.Peter always remembers _______　the light off before he leaves the room.
A.to shut B.shuts
C.shutting D.shut
5.—Who is our new teacher
—Look,the one _______.
A.wear a hat B.wears hat
C.wearing a hat D.to wear a hat
知识点3分词
1.分词的构成
分词是动词的另一种非谓语形式,有现在分词(v.-ing)和过去分词(v.-ed)两种形式。
2.分词的用法
句法功能 用法 例句
作定语 现在分词作定语,现在分词与被修饰的名词在逻辑上是主动关系;过去分词作定语,过去分词与被修饰的名词在逻辑上是被动关系 The woman standing at the door is my English teacher. 站在门口的那位女士是我的英语老师。 I know the girl called Lily. 我认识那个叫莉莉的女孩。
作状语 现在分词作状语时,其逻辑主语为句子的主语 The students went out of the classroom,talking and laughing.学生们又说又笑地走出了教室。
作表语 现在分词表示主语的性质、特征;过去分词表示人或物的某种状态 The book was rather boring. 这本书相当无趣。 The boy is too frightened to move. 这个男孩吓得不敢动了。
作补语 现在分词作宾语补足语,宾语是它的逻辑主语;过去分词作宾语补足语,宾语是它的逻辑宾语 Don’t keep us waiting for too long. 不要让我们等太久。 He’ll have his hair cut after school. 他放学后要去剪头发。
【学以致用】
1.—Look!There are some students _______basketball on the playground.
—Yes.I often see them _______basketball there. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.play;play B.play;playing
C.playing;play D.playing;playing
2.—So far,this movie is one of the most _______films I’ve ever seen.
—That’s true.It is well worth _______again.
A.move;see
B.moved;to see
C.moving;seeing
3.—Where did you go after the trip
—I got home,_______ very tired.
A.feel B.felt
C.feeling D.to feel
4.(2023·湖北宜昌九上月考)—I can’t get the work _______　by 6:00 p.m.I need more time.
—Take your time.There’s no rush.
A.finishing B.finishes
C.to finish D.finished
5.The boys were _______when they heard the _______news.
A.exciting;exciting B.exciting;excited
C.excited;exciting D.excited;excited