11 专题十一　被动语态 学案 2025年中考英语语法精讲（人教版）

专题十一　被动语态
(现在完成时与含情态动词的被动语态不作为主要考查点)
　　在英语中,动词主要有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。当主语为动作的执行者时,谓语动词用主动语态;当主语为动作的承受者时,谓语动词用被动语态。
知识点1被动语态的用法
用法 例句
不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者或者动作的执行者是泛指(如people,one等)或者委婉或礼貌,避免提及动作的执行者 Such books are written for children.这类书是为儿童写的。 The song is said to be very popular abroad.据说这首歌在国外很流行。 You are wished to finish your homework on time. 希望你能按时完成家庭作业。
动作的承受者是谈话的中心 The problem was worked out by our teacher.这道题是我们老师解出来的。
有些动词习惯上常用被动语态 He was born in this city.他出生在这个城市。
【学以致用】
1.(2023·江苏连云港)To make the environment much better,more trees _______next year. 　
A.plant B.will plant
C.are planted D.will be planted
2.(2023·河北)Breakfast _______every day for people aged over 60 for free in this village.
A.provides B.provided
C.is provided D.was provided
3.(2023·江苏扬州)Sand turns to glass when it _______by lightning.
A.hits B.is hit
C.is hitting D.will be hit
4.(2022·辽宁抚顺)It’s said that the kite _______in China over 2,000 years ago.
A.invents B.invented
C.was invented D.is invented
5.The work requires much effort.It can’t _______　in a day.
A.do B.does
C.be done D.was done
知识点2常见时态(含情态动词)的被动语态
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化。常见时态(含情态动词)的被动语态的构成如下:
时态 被动结构 例句
一般现在时 am/is/are+过去分词 The classroom is cleaned every day.这间教室每天都打扫。
一般过去时 was/were+过去分词 Our school was built in 1998.我们的学校是1998年建造的。
一般将来时 will be+过去分词 The sports meeting will be held tomorrow.运动会将于明天举行。
现在完成时 have/has been+过去分词 The bank has been built.银行已经建成了。
含情态动词 情态动词+be+过去分词 The bike can’t be put here.这辆自行车不能放在这里。
【学以致用】
1.Lots of trees and flowers _______in China every year,so our country is becoming more and more beautiful now. 　
A.is planted B.are planted
C.planted D.are planting
2.It’s a long time!I can’t remember when this picture _______in Jinshan Park.
A.was taken B.takes
C.is taken D.took
3.—Sir,I have trouble doing the voluntary work for the 20th Games of Jiangsu Province in Taizhou.
—Don’t worry.A lot of support _______soon.
A.is offered B.will be offered
C.was offered D.were offered
4.(2022·新疆乌鲁木齐一模)So far,new energy automobiles(汽车) _______by more and more people in our city.
A.will use B.will be used
C.have used D.have been used
5.You_______ throw it away.It can_______.
A.needn’t;recycle
B.needn’t;be recycled
C.don’t need;be recycled
D.needn’t;recycling
知识点3被动语态的特殊结构
用法 例句
含有双宾语的句子的被动语态 ①直接宾语(物)作被动语态主语,即 sth.+be+p.p.+to/for sb. ②间接宾语(人)作被动语态主语,即 sb.+be+p.p.+sth. Some foreign friends gave me these stamps. 被动:These stamps were given to me by some foreign friends. 被动:I was given these stamps by some foreign friends.
(续表)
用法 例句
含有复合宾语(宾语补足语)的被动语态 ① make,have等使役动词在主动语态中后跟省to的不定式,变被动时要加to ② hear,see,watch,notice等感官动词在主动语态中后跟省to的不定式,变被动时要加to 或doing The teacher made him copy the words for ten times. 被动:He was made to copy the words for ten times.
及物动词有被动语态,不及物动词没有被动语态。如: belong to,happen,take place,last,come true,come out,remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive等 Great changes have taken place in China in the past few years. 在过去的这些年中国发生了巨大的变化。
主动形式表被动 有些动词与副词well,smoothly等连用,表示事物属性和特征,用主动形式表被动含义 (write,sell,wear,wash,ride,read,open,lock,shut,eat,dry,clean等) This shirt washes well.这件衬衣好洗。
need,require,want,deserve,be worth 后接动词-ing形式的主动结构表被动含义 Your hair needs cutting.你要理头发了。
某些系动词feel,prove,smell,look, taste,sound 后接形容词作表语,也用主动语态表被动含义 These flowers smell good.这些花闻起来很香。
【学以致用】
1.She is made 　to clean　(clean)up the kitchen after dinner.
2.An accident 　happened　(happen) on the road last night.
3.This pair of trousers 　feels　(feel) smooth because they are made of Chinese silk.