14 专题十四　连词与从句 学案 2025年中考英语语法精讲（人教版）

专题十四　连词与从句
知识点1连词
用来连接词与词、短语与短语,以及句子与句子的词叫连词。连词属于虚词,在句中不能单独使用。连词按其性质可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。从属连词主要用来引导宾语从句和状语从句。
1.并列连词
并列连词是指用来连接并列的单词、短语、或句子的连词(如and,but,or,so等),可表示并列、顺承、转折、选择、因果等关系。常见并列连词(短语)用法如下:
并列连词 意义 例句
表示并 列或 顺承 关系 and 和 She is kind and patient.她既友好又有耐心。
both…and… 两者都…… Both Kate and Lucy like reading.凯特和露西都喜欢看书。
neither…nor… 既不…… 也不…… Neither he nor his children like eating fish. 他和他的孩子们都不喜欢吃鱼。
not only…but also… 不但…… 而且…… The coat is not only soft but also warm. 这件外套不仅柔软而且暖和。
表示 转折 关系 but 但是 We wear school uniforms,but we do not wear ties. 我们穿校服,但我们不系领带。
yet 然而 We have studied English for only a year,yet we can act English plays already.我们学英语仅有一年,但已经能演英文剧了。
while 然而 Lucy would like to wear the same clothes,while Lily would like to wear different ones.露西喜欢穿同样的衣服,而莉莉喜欢穿不同的衣服。
(续表)
并列连词 意义 例句
表示 选择 关系 or 或者 Would you like tea or coffee 你想喝茶还是咖啡
either…or… 或者…… 或者…… I may live either in a hotel or in a friend’s house. 我可能住宾馆或者住在朋友家里。
表示 因果 关系 for 因为 I have to stay up late today, for I have lots of work to do. 今天我不得不熬夜,因为我有很多工作要做。
so 所以 The dress was very expensive, so I didn’t buy it. 这条裙子很贵,所以我没有买。
　　2.从属连词
从属连词主要用来引导宾语从句(if,whether)和状语从句(如when,because,until等)。
常见从属连词用法见以下知识点2宾语从句和知识点3状语从句的讲解。
【学以致用】
用适当的并列连词(短语)填空
1.I saw a good film,　but　 I can’t remember its name.
2.We should do everything to protect the earth,　or　 we’ll lose our home.
3.Read the book Cute Pets,　and　 you will know how to take care of your cat.
4.Life is like a one-way race,　so　 treasure every moment as time cannot be won again.
5.Many tourists visit Hainan around the Spring Festival,because it’s 　neither　 too cold 　nor　 too hot.
6.You 　either　 go right now 　or　 stay here,saying nothing.
知识点2宾语从句
在复合句中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。其结构为:主句+引导词+从句。学习时要掌握宾语从句的三要素:引导词、语序、时态。
　　1.引导词
引导词 用法 例句
that 本身无意义,只起连接作用,口语中可省略 He said (that) Kate was good at swimming. 他说凯特擅长游泳。
if/whether 意为“是否”,不作句子成分,但不能省略 He asked me if Miss Gao was a teacher. 他问我高小姐是否是一位老师。
what,which,who, whose,whom 连接代词,在从句中充当一定的成分(作主语、宾语、定语等) I don’t know what they are going to do. 我不知道他们将要做什么。
when,where, why,how 连接副词,在从句中通常作状语 Could you tell me where you are going 你能告诉我你要去哪儿吗
　　2.语序
宾语从句要用陈述语序:主语+谓语+其他。如:
Do you know where the nearest hotel is 你知道最近的旅馆在哪里吗
　　3.时态
时态规律 例句
主句为一般现在时时,宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制,根据实际情况使用相应的时态 I remember he gave me a book yesterday. 我记得他昨天给了我一本书。
主句为(一般)过去时时,宾语从句只能使用过去的某种时态 Kate asked what Tom was doing then. 凯特问汤姆那时正在做什么。
从句表示的是客观事实、真理等时,宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制,用一般现在时 Mr.Gao told us that light travels faster than sound. 高老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。
【巧记口诀】　　
主现从不限,主过从必过,真理终用现。
【要点提醒】　　
1.宾语从句中的否定转移
当主语为第一人称,谓语动词为think,believe,suppose等时,宾语从句中的否定要转移到主句中来。如:
I don’t think he will win.我认为他不会赢。
2.宾语从句的简化
当主句的谓语动词是tell,ask,show,teach等,且后跟双宾语,从句主语和句子间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。此结构中的疑问词包括what,which,how,when,where等。如:
Could you tell me how I can get to the station →Could you tell me how to get to the station
你能告诉我如何到达车站吗
3.以could you开头的复合句
在以Could you 开头的复合句中,could通常不表示过去时态,仅表示委婉语气,从句的时态要根据实际情况而定。如:
Could you tell me where Helen lives 你能告诉我海伦住在哪里吗
Could you tell me where you went last weekend 你能告诉我上周末你去了哪里吗
【学以致用】
1.As a friend of yours, I want to tell you _______.
A.when did it happen B.how did I know
C.what I heard D.why is it true
2.(2022·安徽)—I’m not sure _______my suggestion is helpful to you.
—It certainly is.Every little bit helps.
A.why B.how
C.whether D.where
3.(2023·天津)—Do you remember _______
—Sure.On the evening of May Day.
A.how we got to the Jiefang Bridge
B.how did we get to the Jiefang Bridge
C.when the Jiefang Bridge opened itself
D.when did the Jiefang Bridge open itself
4.(2024· 湖北武汉七下期末) The saying “Rome wasn’t built in a day.” tells us _______.
A.how can we study well
B.where is Rome
C.how long it took to build Rome
D.why we must work hard
5.(2023·四川凉山改编)Excuse me.Do you know 　if/whether　 there will be another bus The bus has just left.
6.(2023·湖北武汉改编)This famous saying “When I walk along with two others,they may serve me as my teachers.” tells us 　who　 we can learn from.
7.(2023·四川成都改编)—Do you know when the Dragon Boat Festival 　is　(be) this year
—Sorry,I don’t know the exact date.
8.He lost himself in reading,paid no attention to what others 　were talking　(talk) about.
知识点3状语从句
在复合句中用作状语的从句叫状语从句。根据其表达的意思可分为时间、条件、原因、目的、结果、让步、比较、地点、方式等类型。具体用法如下:
类型 引导词 例句
时间状语从句 when,while,as,before,after,since, not…until…,as soon as I loved history when I was at school. 我上学时喜欢历史。
条件状语从句 if,as long as,unless We will go for a picnic if it doesn’t rain. 如果不下雨,我们就去野餐。
原因状语从句 because,as,since Since we have got ready for it,let’s set off. 既然我们做好了准备,那就出发吧。
目的状语从句 so that,in order that He got up early so that he could catch his train. 他起得很早,以便能赶上火车。
结果状语从句 so/such…that… It is such a heavy box that I can’t carry it. 这个盒子如此重,以至于我搬不动它。
让步状语从句 though,although,even if/though,whatever,whenever… He often helps others though he is not rich. 尽管他不富裕,但他经常帮助别人。
比较状语从句 than,as…as…,not as/so…as… He ran as fast as Jim.他跑得和吉姆一样快。
地点状语从句 where,wherever Bob would like to go wherever he likes. 鲍勃想去他喜欢的任何地方。
方式状语从句 as,as if/though You speak as if you had really been there. 你讲得好像你真的去过那儿一样。
【要点提醒】
1.在含有时间状语从句和条件状语从句的复合句中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表示将来(“主将从现”)。如:
I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to Beijing.我一到北京就给你打电话。
2.so…that…与such…that…的区别
(讲解详见第一编七下Units 9—12 知识点3)
【学以致用】
1.(2021·河北)I love to listen to rock music _______I am running.
A.while B.after C.since D.until
2.(2022·江西)_______ many things change a lot,a love for sports hasn’t changed a bit.
A.If B.Before
C.Though D.Because
3.(2022·福建) We are making a big cake _______it’s Dad’s birthday today.
A.because　　　B.until　　　C.once
4.The clever boy called 120 _______his mother fell down in the kitchen.
A.although B.as soon as
C.as long as D.until
5._______ we always wait for another day,fruitlessly our life will pass away.
A.Until B.If
C.Although D.Whether
知识点4定语从句
在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词或修饰整个句子的从句叫定语从句。含定语从句的复合句的基本结构为:先行词+关系词+定语从句。
被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。定语从句常用关系代词(who,whom,whose,which,that)和关系副词(when,where,why)来引导,它们位于先行词和定语从句之间。关系词常有三个作用:①引导定语从句;②代替先行词;③在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。关系词的基本用法如下:
关系词 作用 先行词 例句
that, who 主语、宾 语、表语 人 Do you know the old man who/that is standing under the tree (主语)你认识站在树下的那个老人吗 Do you know the lady who my mother is playing with (宾语)你认识那个和我妈妈一起玩的女士吗 He doesn’t seem to be the man that he was ten years ago. (表语)他看起来已经不是10年前的那个人了。
(续表)
关系词 作用 先行词 例句
whom 宾语 人 Jimmy knew the boy whom I talked with just now. (宾语)吉米认识刚刚和我说话的那个男孩。
that, which 主语、宾 语、表语 物 Tom told his mother all that had happened. (主语)汤姆把发生的一切都告诉了他的妈妈。 She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her. (宾语)她有一台电脑,这台电脑是她父母买给她的。 Wuhan is not the city that it used to be.(表语)武汉不再是过去的武汉。
whose 定语 人/物 The room whose window is open is mine.开着窗户的那个房间是我的。
when 状语 时间 I still remember the day when you left for Beijing. 我仍然记得你前往北京的那一天。
where 状语 地点 This is the school where my mother works.这就是我妈妈工作的那所学校。
why 状语 原因 Could you explain the reason why you were late 你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗
【学以致用】
1.I still remember the time _______we spent together at Xisai Mountain last year.
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　
A.when B.what
C.who D.which
2.Success will belong to those _______never say “impossible”.
A.whom B.what
C.who D.which
3.This is the primary school _______I studied three years ago.
A.where B.when
C.that D.which
4.Please pass me the cartoon book _______has a Mickey Mouse on the cover.
A.whom B.whose
C.who D.which
5.Winter is the time of the year_______ the days are short and the nights are long.
A.when B.that
C.where D.which