2025届高三英语二轮复习专项 外刊时文 阅读理解5（三篇，含解析）
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| 名称 | 2025届高三英语二轮复习专项 外刊时文 阅读理解5（三篇，含解析） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 24.9KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-12-16 22:45:31 | ||
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Passage 1
字数：239 关键词：司法公正 来源：The Guidance
Justice isn't working in England and Wales. The long waiting lists and staff shortages in courts don't get as much attention as health service delays, but the issues are severe. The crown court backlog could reach 100,000 cases, with 17,000 remand prisoners. Trials are scheduled years ahead, failing crime victims daily.
Many victims and witnesses can't bear long waits and give up. Rape victims dropping prosecutions have doubled in five years. Women seeking justice often fail, while offenders escape. The government's pledge to halve violence against women and girls seems less credible. Timely prosecution of violent offenders is essential along with prevention.
Research shows women pre-recording evidence in rape trials are 41% less likely to get a conviction. The video evidence option for vulnerable complainants, meant to help, may have backfired. Ministers must address this.
Remand prisoners also suffer. Some innocent ones are locked up for years. To ease court and prison pressures, the government has raised magistrates' sentencing powers and implemented early-release schemes. The sentencing review by David Gauke aims for a long-term solution.
Barristers and campaigners hope for new resources from next year's spending review. Courts and prisons need more funding. Politicians should stop advocating "tough on crime" without providing funds.
The gap between justice system expectations and its capacity is obvious to those directly involved. If problems persist, more people will notice. A wider loss of confidence in the justice system could have serious, lasting consequences.
What is the main idea of the text
A. To describe the various problems in the justice system of England and Wales and their consequences.
B. To discuss the measures taken by the government to improve the prisons in England and Wales.
C. To analyze the reasons why rape victims often give up prosecutions in England and Wales.
D. To introduce the new policies about sentencing in the justice system of England and Wales.
According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE about the situation of rape prosecutions
A. The number of rape victims seeking justice has doubled in five years.
B. Women who pre-record their evidence in rape trials are more likely to secure a conviction.
C. The option of video evidence for rape complainants has achieved its expected effect.
D. The difficulties in prosecuting rape have been a long-standing issue under examination.
What can be inferred from the text about the relationship between the government and the justice system
A. The government has been providing sufficient funds to support the justice system.
B. The government's policies and actions have some positive impacts but also face challenges.
C. The government only focuses on prisons and ignores the problems in courts.
D. The government's measures to ease the pressure on courts and prisons have completely solved the problems.
The word "backlog" in the text (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to:
A. A collection of things that have not been dealt with and have accumulated.
B. A new system or policy that has been introduced recently.
C. A group of people who are waiting for a particular service or opportunity.
D. A type of evidence that is considered unreliable in a legal case.
答案：
1：A
2：D
3：B
4：A
解析：
1：文章主要围绕英格兰和威尔士司法系统存在的诸多问题，如法庭积压案件、人员短缺、对受害者和候审囚犯的影响等，以及这些问题导致的后果展开，A 选项正确；B 选项只提及监狱方面，不全面；C 选项仅涉及强奸案起诉这一个部分；D 选项关于量刑政策只是其中一部分内容，均不能概括全文主旨。
2：文中提到强奸案起诉的困难已被审视数十年，D 选项正确；A 选项说寻求正义的强奸受害者数量翻倍错误，是中途撤回起诉的数量翻倍；B 选项与原文中预录证词定罪率低相悖；C 选项视频证据未达预期效果，而是适得其反。
3：政府虽采取了一些措施如提高治安法官量刑权、提前释放计划等缓解法院和监狱压力，但仍面临诸多问题，如资金不足等，说明其政策和行动有积极面但也有挑战，B 选项正确；A 选项与原文中政府资金不足矛盾；C 选项政府对法院也有举措，并非只关注监狱；D 选项措施未完全解决问题。
4：“backlog” 在文中指法庭积压的案件，A 选项 “未处理且积累的事物集合” 符合文意；B、C、D 选项均与该词在文中意思不符
Passage 2
字数：184 关键词：如何激励别人 来源：The Economists
In the world of workplace motivation, there are various approaches and ideas. LinkedIn is filled with what seems to be motivational content. (1)______ Some may get inspired by it, while others may have the opposite reaction. When it comes to truly motivating employees, bosses should look beyond simple quotes.
Adam Galinsky's upcoming book "Inspire" offers more practical insights. For example, using vivid imagery is crucial. (2)______ Abstract words like "change" and "innovate" don't create a strong mission as much as a collection of ideas. But when a vision statement has more visual language, like aiming to "make wide-eyed kids laugh and proud parents smile", it leads to more engaging results.
(3)______ Counterfactual thinking can give a sense of meaning. In a research, participants reflecting on important life events and then considering how things would have been without that event, attributed more meaning to it. This thinking can also strengthen the bond between employees and their companies. (4)______
In conclusion, while the common motivational sayings and videos on platforms like LinkedIn have their place, (5)______ to truly inspire and engage employees in a meaningful way.
A. It makes them realize the significance of their choices and the role of the company.
B. Motivational content is everywhere, but not all of it is effective.
C. Abstract language fails to convey a clear goal.
D. Concrete language in a mission statement can make a difference.
E. bosses need to explore deeper and more practical strategies
F. The power of counterfactual thinking should not be underestimated.
G. However, it's not the only way to motivate.
答案：
(1) B
(2) D
(3) F
(4) A
(5) E
解析：
(1) 此空后提到一些人被激励，一些人反感，说明励志内容虽多但效果不同，B 选项 “励志内容到处都是，但并非都有效” 符合语境。
(2) 前面强调生动形象表达重要，后面举例抽象词不好，D 选项 “使命声明中的具体语言能产生影响” 衔接恰当，说明具体语言的作用。
(3) 后面讲述反事实思维的作用，F 选项 “反事实思维的力量不应被低估” 引出该话题。
(4) 此空解释反事实思维如何加强员工与公司联系，A 选项 “它让他们意识到自己选择的重要性以及公司的角色” 符合。
(5) 文章最后总结老板不能仅依赖常见励志内容，要探索更深入实用策略，E 选项符合。
Passage 3
字数：305 关键词：减肥后体重反弹之谜 来源：Science Alert
Many of us know from experience how incredibly darn hard it is to keep weight off after losing it. Even those who use the new class of weight loss drugs, such as semaglutide, can face substantial weight regain after ceasing the medication. A team led by researchers from ETH Zurich in Switzerland may have discovered why in an analysis of human tissues and experiments on mice.
They found mammalian fat cells keep a record of obesity in a process that regulates the expression of our genes, known as epigenetics. Formerly overweight mice with these epigenetic 'memories' experienced faster rebounds in weight gain when fed a fatty diet, compared to control mice that hadn't been overweight. ETH Zurich epigeneticist Laura Hinte and colleagues call this phenomenon an obesogenic memory.
"These changes seem to prime cells for pathological responses in an obesogenic environment, contributing to the problematic 'yo-yo' effect often seen with dieting," Hinte and team write in their paper. "Targeting these changes in the future could improve long-term weight management and health outcomes."
Hinte and team's mouse experiments revealed weight loss following significant gain primes adipocyte fat cells to respond even more to future high-fat diets, contributing to this weight bounce-back. The cells aren't letting go of the 'obesity setting' in regards to how genes are being turned off and on. The types of genes being regulated differently in formerly overweight mice compared to controls include an increase in the activity of genes involved in inflammation and decreased activity in genes involved in fat cell identity and functions.
Previous research has also noted a loss of identity of fat cells in obese mice. This "cellular identity crisis" may be what reduces the normal functions of fat usually seen in healthy people in those who are obese, despite the latter having more fat to perform those functions.
1.What is the main topic of the text
A. The effectiveness of new weight loss drugs like semaglutide.
B. The process of mammalian fat cells regulating gene expression.
C. The discovery of the reason for weight regain after weight loss.
D. The differences in gene activities between healthy and obese mice.
2. According to the text, what is an “obesogenic memory”
A. The memory of overweight mice about their past obesity.
B. The phenomenon that formerly overweight mice gain weight faster with epigenetic memories.
C. The record of obesity in human tissues and its impact on weight.
D. The process of cells responding to high-fat diets in an obesogenic environment.
3. What can be inferred from the text about the future of weight management
A. New weight loss drugs will be developed to completely solve the problem of weight regain.
B. Targeting the epigenetic changes might be a potential way to improve long-term weight control.
C. Understanding the function of adipocyte fat cells is not important for weight management.
D. The “cellular identity crisis” of fat cells has nothing to do with weight management.
4.The word “prime” in the text (paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to:
A. Prepare.
B. Prevent.
C. Prohibit.
D. Produce.
1.C
解析：文章主要讲述了瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院的研究团队通过对人体组织和老鼠实验，发现了减肥后体重反弹的原因，即哺乳动物脂肪细胞的表观遗传 “记忆”，所以 C 选项正确。A 选项只是提到减肥药物有体重反弹现象，并非主旨；B 选项基因表达调控过程只是研究发现的一部分；D 选项健康与肥胖老鼠基因活动差异也不是主要内容。
B
解析：从文中可知，曾经超重且有表观遗传 “记忆” 的老鼠在高脂饮食时体重反弹更快，这种现象被称为 “致肥记忆”，B 选项符合。A 选项不是对 “致肥记忆” 的准确解释；C 选项不全面；D 选项表述不准确。
B
解析：文中提到未来针对这些表观遗传变化或许能改善长期体重管理和健康效果，B 选项与之相符。A 选项文中未提及新药物开发；C 选项与文意相悖，理解脂肪细胞功能对体重管理有重要意义；D 选项 “细胞身份危机” 与体重管理有关，所以该选项错误。
A
解析：“prime” 所在句意为 “显著增重后再减肥，会让脂肪细胞对将来的高脂饮食更加敏感”，即让细胞做好准备，A 选项 “Prepare”（准备）意思相近。B 选项 “Prevent”（阻止）、C 选项 “Prohibit”（禁止）、D 选项 “Produce”（生产）均不符合语境。
字数：239 关键词：司法公正 来源：The Guidance
Justice isn't working in England and Wales. The long waiting lists and staff shortages in courts don't get as much attention as health service delays, but the issues are severe. The crown court backlog could reach 100,000 cases, with 17,000 remand prisoners. Trials are scheduled years ahead, failing crime victims daily.
Many victims and witnesses can't bear long waits and give up. Rape victims dropping prosecutions have doubled in five years. Women seeking justice often fail, while offenders escape. The government's pledge to halve violence against women and girls seems less credible. Timely prosecution of violent offenders is essential along with prevention.
Research shows women pre-recording evidence in rape trials are 41% less likely to get a conviction. The video evidence option for vulnerable complainants, meant to help, may have backfired. Ministers must address this.
Remand prisoners also suffer. Some innocent ones are locked up for years. To ease court and prison pressures, the government has raised magistrates' sentencing powers and implemented early-release schemes. The sentencing review by David Gauke aims for a long-term solution.
Barristers and campaigners hope for new resources from next year's spending review. Courts and prisons need more funding. Politicians should stop advocating "tough on crime" without providing funds.
The gap between justice system expectations and its capacity is obvious to those directly involved. If problems persist, more people will notice. A wider loss of confidence in the justice system could have serious, lasting consequences.
What is the main idea of the text
A. To describe the various problems in the justice system of England and Wales and their consequences.
B. To discuss the measures taken by the government to improve the prisons in England and Wales.
C. To analyze the reasons why rape victims often give up prosecutions in England and Wales.
D. To introduce the new policies about sentencing in the justice system of England and Wales.
According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE about the situation of rape prosecutions
A. The number of rape victims seeking justice has doubled in five years.
B. Women who pre-record their evidence in rape trials are more likely to secure a conviction.
C. The option of video evidence for rape complainants has achieved its expected effect.
D. The difficulties in prosecuting rape have been a long-standing issue under examination.
What can be inferred from the text about the relationship between the government and the justice system
A. The government has been providing sufficient funds to support the justice system.
B. The government's policies and actions have some positive impacts but also face challenges.
C. The government only focuses on prisons and ignores the problems in courts.
D. The government's measures to ease the pressure on courts and prisons have completely solved the problems.
The word "backlog" in the text (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to:
A. A collection of things that have not been dealt with and have accumulated.
B. A new system or policy that has been introduced recently.
C. A group of people who are waiting for a particular service or opportunity.
D. A type of evidence that is considered unreliable in a legal case.
答案：
1：A
2：D
3：B
4：A
解析：
1：文章主要围绕英格兰和威尔士司法系统存在的诸多问题，如法庭积压案件、人员短缺、对受害者和候审囚犯的影响等，以及这些问题导致的后果展开，A 选项正确；B 选项只提及监狱方面，不全面；C 选项仅涉及强奸案起诉这一个部分；D 选项关于量刑政策只是其中一部分内容，均不能概括全文主旨。
2：文中提到强奸案起诉的困难已被审视数十年，D 选项正确；A 选项说寻求正义的强奸受害者数量翻倍错误，是中途撤回起诉的数量翻倍；B 选项与原文中预录证词定罪率低相悖；C 选项视频证据未达预期效果，而是适得其反。
3：政府虽采取了一些措施如提高治安法官量刑权、提前释放计划等缓解法院和监狱压力，但仍面临诸多问题，如资金不足等，说明其政策和行动有积极面但也有挑战，B 选项正确；A 选项与原文中政府资金不足矛盾；C 选项政府对法院也有举措，并非只关注监狱；D 选项措施未完全解决问题。
4：“backlog” 在文中指法庭积压的案件，A 选项 “未处理且积累的事物集合” 符合文意；B、C、D 选项均与该词在文中意思不符
Passage 2
字数：184 关键词：如何激励别人 来源：The Economists
In the world of workplace motivation, there are various approaches and ideas. LinkedIn is filled with what seems to be motivational content. (1)______ Some may get inspired by it, while others may have the opposite reaction. When it comes to truly motivating employees, bosses should look beyond simple quotes.
Adam Galinsky's upcoming book "Inspire" offers more practical insights. For example, using vivid imagery is crucial. (2)______ Abstract words like "change" and "innovate" don't create a strong mission as much as a collection of ideas. But when a vision statement has more visual language, like aiming to "make wide-eyed kids laugh and proud parents smile", it leads to more engaging results.
(3)______ Counterfactual thinking can give a sense of meaning. In a research, participants reflecting on important life events and then considering how things would have been without that event, attributed more meaning to it. This thinking can also strengthen the bond between employees and their companies. (4)______
In conclusion, while the common motivational sayings and videos on platforms like LinkedIn have their place, (5)______ to truly inspire and engage employees in a meaningful way.
A. It makes them realize the significance of their choices and the role of the company.
B. Motivational content is everywhere, but not all of it is effective.
C. Abstract language fails to convey a clear goal.
D. Concrete language in a mission statement can make a difference.
E. bosses need to explore deeper and more practical strategies
F. The power of counterfactual thinking should not be underestimated.
G. However, it's not the only way to motivate.
答案：
(1) B
(2) D
(3) F
(4) A
(5) E
解析：
(1) 此空后提到一些人被激励，一些人反感，说明励志内容虽多但效果不同，B 选项 “励志内容到处都是，但并非都有效” 符合语境。
(2) 前面强调生动形象表达重要，后面举例抽象词不好，D 选项 “使命声明中的具体语言能产生影响” 衔接恰当，说明具体语言的作用。
(3) 后面讲述反事实思维的作用，F 选项 “反事实思维的力量不应被低估” 引出该话题。
(4) 此空解释反事实思维如何加强员工与公司联系，A 选项 “它让他们意识到自己选择的重要性以及公司的角色” 符合。
(5) 文章最后总结老板不能仅依赖常见励志内容，要探索更深入实用策略，E 选项符合。
Passage 3
字数：305 关键词：减肥后体重反弹之谜 来源：Science Alert
Many of us know from experience how incredibly darn hard it is to keep weight off after losing it. Even those who use the new class of weight loss drugs, such as semaglutide, can face substantial weight regain after ceasing the medication. A team led by researchers from ETH Zurich in Switzerland may have discovered why in an analysis of human tissues and experiments on mice.
They found mammalian fat cells keep a record of obesity in a process that regulates the expression of our genes, known as epigenetics. Formerly overweight mice with these epigenetic 'memories' experienced faster rebounds in weight gain when fed a fatty diet, compared to control mice that hadn't been overweight. ETH Zurich epigeneticist Laura Hinte and colleagues call this phenomenon an obesogenic memory.
"These changes seem to prime cells for pathological responses in an obesogenic environment, contributing to the problematic 'yo-yo' effect often seen with dieting," Hinte and team write in their paper. "Targeting these changes in the future could improve long-term weight management and health outcomes."
Hinte and team's mouse experiments revealed weight loss following significant gain primes adipocyte fat cells to respond even more to future high-fat diets, contributing to this weight bounce-back. The cells aren't letting go of the 'obesity setting' in regards to how genes are being turned off and on. The types of genes being regulated differently in formerly overweight mice compared to controls include an increase in the activity of genes involved in inflammation and decreased activity in genes involved in fat cell identity and functions.
Previous research has also noted a loss of identity of fat cells in obese mice. This "cellular identity crisis" may be what reduces the normal functions of fat usually seen in healthy people in those who are obese, despite the latter having more fat to perform those functions.
1.What is the main topic of the text
A. The effectiveness of new weight loss drugs like semaglutide.
B. The process of mammalian fat cells regulating gene expression.
C. The discovery of the reason for weight regain after weight loss.
D. The differences in gene activities between healthy and obese mice.
2. According to the text, what is an “obesogenic memory”
A. The memory of overweight mice about their past obesity.
B. The phenomenon that formerly overweight mice gain weight faster with epigenetic memories.
C. The record of obesity in human tissues and its impact on weight.
D. The process of cells responding to high-fat diets in an obesogenic environment.
3. What can be inferred from the text about the future of weight management
A. New weight loss drugs will be developed to completely solve the problem of weight regain.
B. Targeting the epigenetic changes might be a potential way to improve long-term weight control.
C. Understanding the function of adipocyte fat cells is not important for weight management.
D. The “cellular identity crisis” of fat cells has nothing to do with weight management.
4.The word “prime” in the text (paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to:
A. Prepare.
B. Prevent.
C. Prohibit.
D. Produce.
1.C
解析：文章主要讲述了瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院的研究团队通过对人体组织和老鼠实验，发现了减肥后体重反弹的原因，即哺乳动物脂肪细胞的表观遗传 “记忆”，所以 C 选项正确。A 选项只是提到减肥药物有体重反弹现象，并非主旨；B 选项基因表达调控过程只是研究发现的一部分；D 选项健康与肥胖老鼠基因活动差异也不是主要内容。
B
解析：从文中可知，曾经超重且有表观遗传 “记忆” 的老鼠在高脂饮食时体重反弹更快，这种现象被称为 “致肥记忆”，B 选项符合。A 选项不是对 “致肥记忆” 的准确解释；C 选项不全面；D 选项表述不准确。
B
解析：文中提到未来针对这些表观遗传变化或许能改善长期体重管理和健康效果，B 选项与之相符。A 选项文中未提及新药物开发；C 选项与文意相悖，理解脂肪细胞功能对体重管理有重要意义；D 选项 “细胞身份危机” 与体重管理有关，所以该选项错误。
A
解析：“prime” 所在句意为 “显著增重后再减肥，会让脂肪细胞对将来的高脂饮食更加敏感”，即让细胞做好准备，A 选项 “Prepare”（准备）意思相近。B 选项 “Prevent”（阻止）、C 选项 “Prohibit”（禁止）、D 选项 “Produce”（生产）均不符合语境。