Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?知识点梳理 人教版八年级上册

U1知识点梳理
复合不定代词（词尾带有-one,-body, -thing,-where)的用法
指人（-one/-body) 指物(-thing) 指地点(-where)
someone (somebody) something somewhere ---- 用于肯定句，表请求或建议的问句
anyone(anybody) anything anywhere --- 于否定句或普通问句
no one (nobody) nothing nowhere ---用于肯定句
everyone(everybody) everything everywhere ---多用于肯定句，也可能用于否定句
不定代词的五个考点：
（1）不定代词+形容词（即形容词放后）（翻译时跟汉语的语言顺序是反的）
I want to eat something delicious.我想吃美味的东西。
He wants to go somewhere warm.他想去暖和的地方。（注意：有where，go后不要to)
She met someone interesting.她遇见了有趣的人。（注意：interesting令人感兴趣的，可指人)
(2)不定代词+ 不定式(to do) （即后+ to do）
Would you like something to drink 你想要些喝的东西吗？ something to eat喝的东西
(3)不定代词作主语，当三单。我的手表有问题了（坏了）
Something is wrong（错误的) with my watch.
=There is something wrong (错误的东西）with my watch.(=My watch doesn’t work.)
No one(= Nobody) knows his real name.没有人知道他真实的姓名。
(4)nothing=not ...anything
I bought nothing for myself.=I didn’t buy anything for myself..我什么也没买我自己。
(5)Money isn’t everything.钱不是一切。（此句虽然是否定句，但不用anything.)
2.few少 (1) few +可数名词（复数）
(2)few +可数名词（复数） 表否定 “很少，几乎没有 ”
但：a few +可（复）表肯定“一些”“几个”
He is new here and he has few good friends.他是新来这里的，他朋友很少很少。
He is new here but he has a few good friends.他是新来这里的，但是朋友有一些。
区别A.quite a few+可（复） “相当多的... ”He has quite a few friends , so he is very happy.
B. quite a lot 相当多 I learned quite a lot from the farmer.
C.quite a lot of ...+可（复）/+不可数 相当多的...There were quite a lot of animals on the farm.
D.quite hot相当热 (quite+ 形/副 相当...)
most
最多 many / much 多------more更多的----most最多
大多数 most of the students /most students大多数学生 most of us我们中的大多数
most of the time大多数时间 He plays computer games most of the time on weekends.
(3)at most+ 数字 最多不过... He has breakfast at most three times a week.（at least...至少...）
3.hen母鸡 duck鸭 pig猪 bird鸟 复数：+s
4.seem动词“似乎，好像”---seems三单 -----seemed过去式
(1)人+seem +形容词: He seemed happy yesterday.昨天他好像很开心。
(2) 人+seem to be+ 形容词: =He seemed to be happy yesterday.
(3)It seems that +句子（主+动词）It seemed that +句子（主+动词过去式）似乎,好像，看上去...
=It seemed that he was happy yesterday.（过去式前后一致）
(4)同义句He seemed to know me.=It seemed that he knew me.
5. enjoy动词“喜爱，享受...乐趣” 喜爱做某事enjoy doing sth
enjoy+able=enjoyable 形容词（后+名词或放be后） “令人愉快的，有乐趣的”
We can’t forget the enjoyable train ride.我们忘不了这令人愉快的火车旅程。
6.boring乏味的，枯燥的，令人厌烦的(ing指物)—bored厌倦的，烦闷的（ed人）
The boring bus ride made us feel bored.这乏味的客车旅程让我们感到烦闷。
7.activity活动----复数：activities
There are many after-school activities on Thursday.在周四有很多课后的活动。
8. diary日记---复数diaries keep a diary=keep diaries记日记
He likes keeping diaries every day.Look,he is writing a diary.他喜欢每天记日记。看，他正在写呢。
9.Sure.=Of course.当然
10．反身代词（...自己）反身代词用oneself代
我自己myself 你自己yourself 她自己herself 他自己himself它自己 itself
我们自己ourselves 你们自己yourselves 他们自己themselves
用法：(1). enjoy oneself 玩得高兴=have a good time=have fun=play happily
They enjoyed themselves.=They had a good time.=They had fun.=They played happily.
(2).I bought a small gift for myself.我给我自己买了一个小礼物。
(3).by oneself靠某人自己,单独，独自The boy made the model plane by himself.
(4)help oneself+直接加食物名称“随便吃（喝）...”
Help yourself to apples, Tom. Help yourselves to apples, Tom and David.
(5)teach oneself sth=learn sth by oneself自学
（6）say to oneself自言自语
11.decide 动词“决定”----过去式decided----decision名词“决定”（make a decision作决定）
决定做某事decide to do sth 决定不做某事decide not to do sth
I decided to go shopping after school. He decided not to go swimming in the afternoon.
12．try 尝试，设法，尽力-----过去式tried
(1)try to do sthh 尽力做某事 try one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力去做某事
I will try my best to learn English well. 我将尽最大努力学好英语。
try doing尝试做某事 I tried swimming but I couldn’t swim well.我试着游泳但游不好。
Let me try. 让我试试。Have a try！试试吧！ Try again.再试一试。
13.feel感觉，觉得----过去式felt----feeling名词“感觉”“感受”
（1）feel sb doing sth感觉某人正在做某事 They felt something moving.他们感觉到某物在动。
(2)feel sb do sth感觉某人（经常）做某事 I often feel him play with something in class.
(3)feel like A.感觉像... I felt like I was a bird.
B.feel like doing 想要做某事=want to do sth =would like to do sth
I don’t feel well. So I don’t feel like eating anything.我感觉不舒服（好）我不想吃任何东西。
(4)feel + 形 感到...The good news made me feel very excited.这好消息让我非常激动。
14.build动词“建筑，建造”//名词“体格，身材”---built过去式
building名词“建筑物，大楼”（复+s）
I am of medium build. (be of medium build中等身材/be of medium height中等身高)
Last year they built a new bridge over the big river.去年他们在这条大河上修造了一座新桥。
There are many tall buildings in our school.
(建筑物.人与树的高用tall，风筝飞得高/人跳得高用high)
15.boss老板 trader商人
16.(1)wonder动词“想知道(=want to know)，纳闷” ----wondered过去式
I wonder when we will leave for Beijing我想知道我们什么时候动身去北京。.
(2)wonder名词“奇观，奇迹”(+s)
There are many wonders in the world.有很多世界奇观。
(3)wonder+ful=wonderful形容词“精彩的”The basketball game is wonderful!
17.(1)different形容词“不同的differently副词“不同地difference名词“不同点，不同之处”
(2) A be different from B A与B不同
describe the same person differently(动+副,be+形)描述同一个人都描述得不一样
（3）different----difference (t 变为ce 再+s)
There are three differences between the two pictures.在这两幅图之间有三处不同。
18.top顶部，表面 at/on the top of ...在...的顶部 at the foot of ...在...的脚下
19.（1）wait动词“等待，等候”---waited过去式
（2）waiter男服务员 waitress女服务员
(3)wait for sb 等... They are waiting for the bus now.他们正在等客车。
(4) wait at sp在某地等They are waiting _____the bus stop.他们正在车站等。(at)
20.umbrella 伞, 雨伞an umbrella一把雨伞
You can take an umbrella with you.你可以随身带一把雨伞。
21.wet潮湿的-----干旱的 dry
22.because 因为 (+句子（主+动）) because of （因为，由于）（+名词短语）
We had to stay at home because it rained heavily(rain heavily=rain hard雨下得大）.
=We had to stay at home because of the heavy rain.（这场大雨）
23.below在下面（放名词后） Look at the pictures below.看下面的图片。
24.enough足够的，充足的，充分的 (1)enough +名词 足够的... enough time/money
(2)形容词/副词+enough 足够... 足够大:old enough （与汉语相反）
(3)not...enough to do sth不够...做某事
He is not old enough to go to school.他不是足够的大去上学。
=He is too young to go to school.他太小以致于不能上学。
=He is so young that he can’t go to school.他是如此小以致于不能上学。
25.（1）hungry饥饿的----full饱的,满的
I am hungry.=I feel hungry.我饿了。 I am full.我吃饱了。
Next week is full for me.=I am busy next week.下周我忙。
(忙：be busy 忙于...be busy with 忙于做...be busy doing)
(3) be full of...充满了...挤满了...装满了...
My school life is full of joy.(我的学校生活充满了欢乐）
The school bus is full of students.（校车上挤满了学生）
26.as像一 样，如同
(1) (be/ look ) the same as...与...相同/一样-------反be different from...与...不同
Picture 1 looks the same as Picture 2.
work as ...作为，当... He works as a waiter in the restaurant.
He wants to work as a soldier.=He wants to be a soldier.他想成为一名战士。
(3) as+原级（形容词）+as as long as 一样长 as tall as一样高 as old as一样大
A + be+as+原级（形容词）+as+B A与B一样... (be+形容词)
A +动词 +as+原级（副词）+as+B A与B一样...得...(动+副词)
This umbrella is as big as that one. He jumps as high as his father.
He works as ____(hard)as his sister.He gets to school as___( late) as his sister.
（hard, late本身是副词，不再+ly) ( 填：hard, late)
As a teacher,... 作为一名教师，...
As for fruit，... 至于...方面As for fruit, I like apples best.至于水果，我最喜欢苹果。
like动词“喜欢”/名词“喜好”(+s)----dislike 动词“不喜欢”/名词“厌恶”(+s)
Nobody knows his likes and dislikes.没有人知道他的好恶。
like doing / like to do sth dislike doing / dislike to do sth
dislike=don’t like // doesn’t like disliked过去式= didn’t like
28.三大同义句：（1）sb be+so+形+that+句子 如此...以致于...
The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.这个男孩是如此小以致于他不能去上学。
sb be +too+形+to do sth 太...以致于不能...
The boy is too young to go to school.
sb be not +形+enough to do 不是足够的...做某事
The boy is not old enough to go to school.
几个句子：（1）Bye for now.就此别过。（=Bye.=Goodbye.再见）
The only problem is that+句子 唯一的难题是...
The only problem was that I didn’t have enough money.唯一的难题是我钱不够。
We waited over an hour for the train.我们等火车等了一个多小时。
(4)We walked for another two hours before getting to the top.在到达山顶之前我们又走了两小时。
another+数字+名= 数字+more+名 another two hours=two more hours另外两小时
Everyone took a bag with food and water.每个人都背着（带去了）一个装有食物和水的包。
My classmate told me to keep going, so I went on.
tell sb to do sth叫某人做某事 keep doing 坚持做某事
go on继续： go on doing sth继续做原来的事情 go on to do sth继续做另一件事
go on with sth继续做某事(原来的）
Twenty minutes later,the sun started to come up.二十分钟后，太阳开始升起来了。
时间段+later=after+时间段 twenty minutes later= twenty minutes later （20分钟后）
find---过去式found （1）find it +形 to do 发现做某事...
I found it hard to learn to swim last year.去年我发现学游泳困难。
find out 查明，弄清楚 / find 找到 /look for寻找...
Let’s find out who cleaned the room last night.
He looked for his watch every where but he couldn’t find it.
after three hours三小时后= three hours later
for a long time= for long很久 He cooked the soup for a long time.
He didn’t bring back anything. 他没带回来任何东西。=He brought back nothing.
(动+back ...回, 回...) go back to school返校，返回到学校=return to school
keep---- 过去式kept
keep+形: keep healthy保持健康 keep quiet保持安静 keep clean保持干净
keep+名+形: 保持某物... We should （应该）keep our classroom clean.
keep doing sth 坚持（保持）做某事 :He keeps running every morning.他坚持每天跑步。
the first time第一次 the last time最后一次 first name名 last name姓
the first few years头几年 the last five hours最后五小时（刚过去的五小时）
区别几个看：look at the map看地图 look at the picture看图片（看...look at...)
read a book, read a newspaper, read a magazine
watch TV, watch a soccer game , watch a movie
see pandas, see Huangguoshu Waterfall, see a movie(see a film),see friends