人教版八年级英语下册 Unit 3 Could you please clean your room 重点词组+重点句型+重点语法+综合练习题

Unit 3 Could you please clean your room
重点词组
Section A
do chores 做家务
do the dishes 洗碗
sweep the floor 扫地
take out the rubbish 扔垃圾
make the bed 铺床
fold the clothes 叠衣服
clean the living room 打扫客厅
no problem 没问题
go out for dinner 出去吃晚饭
go to the movies 去看电影
stay out 待在外头（不在家）
get a ride 骑车
have to do sth. 不得不做。。。
need to do sth. 需要做。。。
do some work 做一些工作
eat breakfast 吃早饭
have a basketball game 举行一场篮球赛
work on sth. 使用。。。工作
help out with 帮助解决
a few 一点点
at least 至少
finish doing sth. 完成做某事
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
so much 这么多
be back 回来
any minute 随时/马上
clean and tidy 干净整洁
be angry with 对某人生气
solve the problem 解决问题
throw down 扔下
in front of 在。。。前面
come over 过来
take...for a walk 带。。。去散步
all the time 一直
all day 整个白天
do housework 做家务
all evening 整个夜晚
shout back 吼叫还击
walk away 走开
come home from work 下班回家
in surprise 惊讶地
share the housework 分担家务
sit down 坐下
hang out 出去玩
help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
how much 多少
come back 回来
try (not) to do sth. 努力（不）做某事
hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事
Section B
ask sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事
next to 靠近
have a party 参加派对
have a test 参加考试
mean doing sth. 意味着。。。
look through 浏览
a piece of writing 一篇文章
main idea 主要思想
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
have time to do sth. 有时间做某事
a waste of time 浪费时间
let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
spend time on sth. 花时间在某事上
in order to do sth. 为了
get good grades 获得好分数
get into 进入
get+比较级 变得越。。。
provide sb. with sth= provide sth for sb. 提供某人某物
(don’t) mind doing sth. （不）介意做某事
these days 最近
depend on sb. 依赖某人
too much 太多
get sth. for sb.=get sb. sth. 买给某人某物
look after 照顾
keep sth.+ adj. 保持某物。。。
have no idea 不知道
take care of 照顾
as a result 作为结果
fall ill 生病
according to 根据
pros and cons 利与弊
agree with 同意某人（观点）
say to sb. 对某人说
discuss sth. with sb. 和某人讨论某事
take notes 做笔记
for example 例如
do one’s homework 做功课
as soon as 一。。。就。。。
中译英
做家务
洗碗
扫地
扔垃圾
铺床
叠衣服
打扫客厅
没问题
出去吃晚饭
去看电影
待在外头（不在家）
骑车
不得不做。。。
需要做。。。
做一些工作
吃早饭
举行一场篮球赛
使用。。。工作
帮助解决
一点点
至少
完成做某事
想要某人做某事
这么多
回来
随时/马上
干净整洁
对某人生气
解决问题
扔下
在。。。前面
过来
带。。。去散步
一直
整个白天
做家务
整个夜晚
吼叫还击
走开
下班回家
惊讶地
分担家务
坐下
出去玩
帮助某人做某事
多少
回来
努力（不）做某事
讨厌做某事
让某人做某事
靠近
参加派对
参加考试
意味着。。。
浏览
一篇文章
主要思想
使某人做某事
有时间做某事
浪费时间
让某人做某事
花时间在某事上
为了
获得好分数
进入
变得越。。。
提供某人某物
（不）介意做某事
最近
依赖某人
太多
买给某人某物
照顾
保持某物。。。
不知道
照顾
作为结果
生病
根据
利与弊
同意某人（观点）
对某人说
和某人讨论某事
做笔记
例如
做功课
小试牛刀O(∩_∩)O~让我们试试中文译英文吧！
1. 我必须得早点到学校。 ____________________________________
2. 我们应该经常帮助父母做一些家务活。 ____________________________________
3. 她的卧室总是干净整洁。 ____________________________________
4. 写完作业后，他经常帮妈妈扫地。 ____________________________________
5. 我整个白天都在看电视，妈妈对我很生气。 ____________________________________
重点句型
1. Could you please help out with a few things?
① Could/would/Will you please do sth. 你可以。。。吗？
② help out with 帮助解决
help的用法总结：
help sb. (to) do sth.
help sb. with sth.
help out
③ a few/few/a little/little区别
few / a few用来修饰可数名词，few表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有； a few表示有肯定意思， 有几个。 例如：
He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。
There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。
little / a little用来修饰不可数名词，little表示否定意思，没有，几乎没有。a little 表示肯定意思，有一点儿。 例如：
There is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink?
我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗？

2. What do you want me to do?
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
类似的搭配还有：
ask/tell sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事
would like/love sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
3. So much?
much与many的区别：many修饰可数名词 much修饰不可数名词
so much与so many的区别
too much与too many的区别
how much与how many的区别
4. And she won’t be happy if she sees this mess.
if she sees this mess这是由if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来含义。
5. But the house is already pretty clean and tidy!
pretty 漂亮的；非常地，这里相当于very/quite。
6. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over.
① the minute, the second, immediately, as soon as 都可以引导时间状语从句，表示“一。。。就。。。”。
② in front of与in the front of 的区别
in front of 在。。。的前面（范围外）
in the front of 在。。。的前部（范围内）
7. You’re tired, but I’m tired too.
too/either/also/as well的区别。
too “也”，用于肯定句，句尾。
either “也”，用于否定句，句尾。
also “也”，用于肯定句，句中。
as well “也”，用于肯定句，句尾。和too用法一样。
8. I’m just as tired as you are!
as+形容词或副词原级+as 和。。。一样。。。
not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as 不和。。。一样。。。； 不如。。。。。。
9. My mom did not say anything and walked away.
not... anything = nothing
not... any = no
10. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.
Neither+助动词+主语（代词） 某人也不。。。
拓展：So+助动词+主语（代词） 某人也。。。
11. Finally, I could not find a clean dish or a clean shirt.
① finally/ at last/in the end
② 否定句用or, 肯定句用and.
12. The next day, my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.
① come home from work 下班回家
come home from school 放学回家
② to find the house clean and tidy在这里不定式to do做结果状语。
13. I finally understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.
① need作实义动词的用法：
need sth.
need to do sth.
need doing
② to have a clean and comfortable home 这里不定式to do 做目的状语。
14. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV.
as soon as I sat down in front of the TV这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句，如果主句是一般将来时，那么从句要用一般现在时表示将来。如果主句是一般过去时，那么从句要用一般过去时。
15. Could you lend me some money?
lend 借出 lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物
borrow 借来 borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物
16. I don’t understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.
① I don’t understand why...... 我不明白为什么。。。
I understand that...... 我明白了。。。
② make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
make sb. (not) do sth. 让某人不要做某事
拓展：let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
ask/tell sb. (not) to do sth. 让某人做某事
keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
17. Kids these days already have enough stress from school.
enough adj.足够的 修饰名词，位于名词前 enough books
enough adv.足够地 修饰形容词，位于形容词后 interesting/important enough
18. They don’t have time to study and do housework, too.
have time to do sth. 有时间做某事
19. Housework is a waste of their time.
a waste of ...... 一种。。。浪费

20. Could we just let them do their job as students?
① let sb. do sth.让某人做某事
② do one’s job 做某人自己的事情
③ as作为；像；因为
21. They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.
①“四大金花”的用法区别：
1）pay 常和for 连用 主语是人 只能表示花费金钱
sb pay some money for sth
I paid two Yuan for this pen.
2）spend 可与 in / on 连用 主语是人 表示花费时间或者金钱
sb spend money /time (in) doing sth
sb spend money /time on sth
She spends two hours (in) doing her homework every day.
=She spends two hours on her homework every day.
3）cost 主语必须是物 表示花费时间金钱
sth cost sb money
My bag cost me 100 Yuan.
4）take 只用于 it 句型
It takes sb money/time to do sth
It takes me half an hour to go to school every day.
② in order to do sth. 为了。。。。。。
22. Also, when they get older, they will have to do housework so there’s no need for them to do it now.
① get +比较级 变得越。。。
② There’s no need for sb. to do 某人没有必要做某事
23. It is the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.
① It is +n.+to do sth. 做。。。是什么
It’s great fun to play snow in winter.
② provide sth. for sb.= provide sb. with sth.
24. And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult.
① anyway不管怎样
② I think...... 我认为。。。
I believe...... 我认为。。。
注意：我认为。。。不。。。的句型是：
I don’t think/believe ......
③ doing chores is not so difficult动名词做主语
25. I don’t mind doing them.
don’t mind doing 不介意做某事
类似的后加动名词的搭配还有：
完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）
继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up）
考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like）
喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）
26. I think it is important for children to learn just how to do chores and help their parents with housework.
① It is+adj. for sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是怎样的。
② learn (how) to do sth. 学会（如何）做某事
27. It’s not enough to just get good grades at school.
It’s not enough to 做。。。是不够的
28. Doing chores helps to develop children’s independence and teaches them how to look after themselves.
① help to do sth. 有助于做某事
② teach sb. (how) to do sth.教某人(如何)做某事
③ look after =take care of 照顾
29. ...., he had no idea how to take care of himself.
had no idea how to do sth. 不知道如何做某事
30. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.
The earlier......, the better...... 越早。。。越好。。。
The +比较级......，the +比较级...... 越。。。，就越。。。
31. 英语中一个单词可能有多种词性，代表多种意思。如：
walk watch work clean surprise
重点语法
1、使用could做出礼貌要求和请求许可，并作肯定和否定回答。
----Could you please do sth.? 你可以做。。。吗？ ----Yes, sure. / No, I can’t.
----Could I do sth.? 我可以作。。。吗？----Yes, sure. / No, you can’t.
2、情态动词could的用法
① 情态动词用法小结
1. 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情, 只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2. 情态动词除ought 和have 外, 后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3. 情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4. 情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式、分词等形式。
②could与can的区别
could与can都是情态动词, could是can的过去式。二者都可用于表示请求, 但是用法稍有不同。
can表示一般性的请求,语气随便, 常用于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈, 上级对下级的场合。
比如： Can you tell us your story, Tony? Tony,你能给我们讲讲你的故事吗？
could表示有礼貌的请求,语气委婉, 常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈,下级对上级的场合。
比如 --Could you tell us if it snows in winter in Australia? 请告诉我们, 澳大利亚冬天下雪吗?
--Sure. 当然可以。
注意：
1. 提出委婉的请求在回答中不可用could。
A: Could I have the television on?
B: Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
2. 在否定、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑用couldn’t。
He couldn’t be a bad man.　　
他不大可能是坏人。
③ may和might
表示允许或请求; 表示没有把握的推测; may放在句首, 表示祝愿。
May God bless you!
He might be at home.
注意: might 表示推测时, 不表示时态，只是可能性比may小。
④ have to和must
1. 两词都是 “必须”的意思, have to 表示客观的需要, must 表示说话人主观上的看法, 既主观上的必要。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.　
我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)
He said that they must work hard.
他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)
2. have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。
He had to look after his sister yesterday.
3. 在否定结构中: don’t have to 表示 “不必”, mustn’t 表示“禁止”。
You don’t have to tell him about it.　 你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn’t tell him about it.　　　　你一定不要把这件事告诉他。
用情态动词can/could, can’t, may, must, mustn’t , needn’t填空。
1. - _____ you come and play with us now? ?
- I’m afraid I _____. I _____ do the cooking. I ____ come later.
2. - _____ we clean the windows today?
????- No, you _______. You ____ clean them tomorrow.?
3. - ____ I watch TV this evening, mum?
? - No, you _______. Work _____ come first.
4. - ____ I come in, please?
????-Yes, please.
5. Excuse me. ____ you tell me the way to the cinema?
综合练习题
一、单选
1. It’s?dangerous?for?children _____the?dog.
?A. play??? B. to?play?? ? C. play?with? ?D. to?play?with?
2.—Mom,?could?I?go?shopping?with?you??
—Yes,?you?_____.But?you?must?finish?your?homework?first.?
A. could??? B. can?? ? C. can’t?? ? D. couldn’t?
3. — Could?you?please?take?out?the?trash??_____?.?
A. Not?at?all?? B. You’re?welcome ?C. No?way?? D. No?problem?
4. He?didn’t?finish _____?the?room.?
A. clean?? ? B. cleaned?? ? C. cleaning?? D. cleans?
5. He?is?_____to?finish?the?difficult?work.?
A. enough?confident???? ? B. confident?enough?
C. enough?confidence???? D. confidence?enough?
6. His?father?wants?him?_____?in?Beijing.?
A. to?work? ? B. works ? ??C. work??? D. working?
7. Students?have?_____?homework?to?do?every?day.?
A. so?many?? B. such?many?? C. such?much?? D. so?much?
8. I?never?go?to?school?late,?_____?.
A.so?does?Tom???? ?B. neither?does?Tom? C. so?Tom?does????? ?D. neither?Tom?does?
9. I?will?give?him?the?gift?as?soon?as?he _____.
? A. will?arrive?? B. arrive ?? C. arrives? ?? D. arrived
10. You?could?_____a?bike?from?your?friend.?
A. lend??? B. give??? C. buy??? D. borrow?
11. Too?much?noise?makes?me _____?uncomfortable.?
A. feeling?? ? B. feel??? C. felt ? ?? D. to?feel?
12. Mary, could?you?please?_____?the?dishes??
A. do??? ? B. make?? ?C. does??? D. makes?
13. He?doesn?t?like?playing?cards,?he?thinks?playing?cards?is?a?waste _____?time.
? A. of??? ?B. at??? ?C. for?? ?D. in
二、完成句子
1.为了通过考试，他每天都努力学习。?
??????____ ____ ____?pass?the?exam,?he?studies?hard?every?day.?
2.如果你努力学习，你会取得好的成绩。?
You?can?____ ____ ____???if?you?study?hard.?
3.你不应该完全依赖你的父母。?
You?shouldn’t?____ ____???your?parents?completely.?
4.他了解中国的历史越多，就越想住在这里。?
___ ____?he?learns?history?about?China,?____ ____?he?wants?to?live?here.
5.我不想做家务，他也不想做。?
I?don’t?want?to?do?chores,?____?____?____?.?
三、句型转换
1.?The?boy?is?ill.?The?doctor?is?saving?the?boy.（合并成一个句子）?
The?doctor?is?____?the ____?boy.?
2.?I?can?provide?him?with?some?help.（改为同义句）?
I?can?____?some?help____?him.?
3.?The?poor?child?didn’t?know?where?he?could?go.（改为简单句）
?The?poor?child?didn’t?know?____ ____ ____.?
4.?He?can?look?after?himself?well.（改为同义句）?
He?can?____ ____ ____ ____???himself.?
5.?I?borrowed?some?money?from?him.（改为同义句）
?He____?some?money ____?me.?
四、书面表达?
假如你叫Mary，你的父母由于忙于工作，你要在家照顾5岁的妹妹Fina。父母让你发e-mail了解你们在家的情况。请根据提示写一封e-mail。词数80左右，开头已给出，但不计入总词数。?
提示：1.?do?some?chores?
2.?make?the?beds,?sweep?the?floor?
3.?do?the?dishes
4.?break?a?dish?
5.?better?next?time?
Dear?Mom?and?Dad,
Thanks?for?your?e-mail.?I?m?glad?you?are?getting?on?well?with?your?work.?
_______________________________________________________________________________
?_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????