【精品解析】上海市宝山区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题

上海市宝山区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
一、Grammar and Vocabulary
（2024高二下·宝山期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
First published on October 15, 1952, "Charlotte's Web" is a popular children's book written by well-known American author E. B. White and 　1． 　（illustrate）by Garth Williams that deals with themes of the nature of friendship, loss, fate, acceptance, and renewal. The story centers on a pig named Wilbur and the unlikely but deep friendship 　2． 　 shares with an uncommonly talented spider named Charlotte.
While it's normal in the course of events on a farm for pigs 　3． 　（kill）when they reach a certain size and age, clever Charlotte works out a scheme to keep Wilbur from his fate by weaving words into her web to create what amounts to a one-pig publicity campaign. By promoting Wilbur to celebrity status, Charlotte ultimately saves him 　4． 　 his date with the butcher's knife.
The ending of the "Charlotte's Web" is bittersweet, however, 　5． 　 while Wilbur survives, Charlotte does not. But even Charlotte's passing is a lesson-for Wilbur and those reading his story-about the nature of death and renewal.
Death and destiny are both themes that the book explores. While Charlotte is willing to help Wilbur avoid a destiny that's being imposed on him by outside forces beyond his control, she also understands that some fates are inevitable: All living creatures are born, 　6． 　（have）a life cycle, and die. Charlotte accepts her role in this natural circle without regret.
Charlotte helps Wilbur realize that immortality is not about living forever, but rather, 　7． 　（ensure）that new generations will follow. She also helps him understand that love and friendship are not fixed in quantity. While we may lose a friend, new friendships can come along, not as replacements for 　8． 　 we've lost, but as blessings to build on what we've learned.
"Charlotte's Web" got its inspiration from true experiences that author E. B. White had on his farm in Maine, 　9． 　 he penned the book and lived until his death in 1985．While the author claims that the book 　10． 　 never be considered a moral tale, certain messages related to moral principles, or rights and wrongs, are obviously established in "Charlotte's Web".
【答案】1．illustrated；2．he；3．to be killed；4．from；5．because；6．have；7．ensuring；8．what；9．where；10．can
【知识点】说明文；文学艺术类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了《夏洛特的网》于1952年10月15日首次出版，是一本受欢迎的儿童读物，由美国著名作家E. B.怀特撰写，加思·威廉姆斯配图，主题涉及友谊、失去、命运、接受和重生的本质。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，代词，介词，连词，时态，宾语从句，定语从句，情态动词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：《夏洛特的网》于1952年10月15日首次出版，是一本受欢迎的儿童读物，由美国著名作家E. B.怀特撰写，加思·威廉姆斯配图，主题涉及友谊、失去、命运、接受和重生的本质。book和illustrate是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词，此处作后置定语，故填illustrated。
2．句意：故事围绕着一只名叫威尔伯的猪，以及他与一只名叫夏洛特的非凡天才蜘蛛之间不太可能但却深厚的友谊展开。根据下文"keep Wilbur from his fate"提到his fate可知，此处应为代词he指代上文提到的Wilbur。故填he。
3．句意：在农场里，当猪长到一定的尺寸和年龄时，被杀死是很正常的，聪明的夏洛特想出了一个计划，通过在她的网里织词来创造一个相当于一只猪的宣传活动，让威尔伯免受他的命运。此句是固定句型it is+adj +for sb to do sth"做某事对于……是怎样的"，所以此处为动词不定式，结合pigs和kill为被动关系，所以为动词不定式的被动式。故填to be killed。
4．句意：通过把威尔伯提升到名人的地位，夏洛特最终把他从屠刀的约会中救了出来。save sb from…固定短语，"从……解救出来"，故填from。
5．句意：然而，《夏洛的网》的结局苦乐参半，因为威尔伯活了下来，夏洛却没有。根据句意可知，此处为because引导的原因状语从句，强调直接原因，故填because。
6．句意：所有的生物都出生，有生命周期，然后死亡。此处与are born和die并列，应用动词原形，故填have。
7．句意：夏洛帮助威尔伯认识到，永生并不是永远活着，而是确保新一代的到来。由but rather连接的living为动名词可知，此处也应用动名词，作介词about的宾语成分。故填ensuring。
8．句意：虽然我们可能会失去一个朋友，但新的友谊可能会出现，不是取代我们失去的，而是在我们所学到的基础上的祝福。 we've lost 是宾语从句，结合句意，应用what，在从句中作宾语成分，意为"失去的东西"。故填what。
9．句意：《夏洛特的网》的灵感来自作者E. B.怀特在缅因州农场的真实经历，他在那里写了这本书，直到1985年去世。 he penned the book and lived until his death in 1985 是非限制性定语从句，先行词是farm，在从句中作地点状语成分。故填where。
10．句意：虽然作者声称这本书永远不能被认为是一个道德故事，但与道德原则或对与错有关的某些信息显然在《夏洛特的网》中得到了确立。根据句意可知，此处为情态动词can，和空后的never be构成can never be"不可能做到"，故填can。
（2024高二下·宝山期末）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．apply B．broadly C．complicated D．downside E．hardly F．neighbors G．overburdened H．pills I．re-labeling J．turning K．worse
Britain appears to be in a mental-health crisis. In the past decade no European country has seen a greater increase in the use of antidepressants(抗抑郁药); now only the Portuguese and Icelanders are popping more of the 　11． 　. Around 4.5m Britons were in contact with mental-health services in 2021-22, a rise of almost l m in five years.
There are a few reasons why Britons might be unhappier than their 　12． 　. One global poll found that teenagers in Britain were some of the loneliest in the world, with few supportive relationships and a low sense of purpose and meaning: all risk factors for poor mental health. Britain's poorest households are also 　13． 　 off than their equivalents in France and Germany, for example, which makes them more vulnerable to conditions such as anxiety and depression. And Britain's health system can seem more 　14． 　 than those in most other rich countries. In England alone, some 3.8 m are waiting for mental-health treatment.
Those factors might explain why more people are 　15． 　 to medication. Another reason is increased awareness. Campaigns around depression and anxiety have been particularly successful in Britain. That is 　16． 　 a good thing. A reduction in humiliation (蒙羞) has encouraged more people to seek help. Taking antidepressants – or using mental-health services — has become much more acceptable.
But there is a 　17． 　 to this, as The Economist recently reported. Surveys suggest that Britons are increasingly 　18． 　 common human emotions, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses. "You're going to lose any sense of what mental illness is if you start to 　19． 　 it to 30%, 50% of the population," says Adrian Massey, author of a book called "Sick-Note Britain".
For all the focus on anxiety and depression in campaigns, severe mental illnesses still receive too little attention. This is a problem: according to the GBD, Britain has the highest rates of severe mental illness in Europe. The causes of such conditions are unclear, but seem to involve a 　20． 　 interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Illegal drug misuse, for which Britain has among the highest rates in the region, also plays a role.
【答案】11．H；12．F；13．K；14．G；15．J；16．E；17．D；18．I；19．A；20．C
【知识点】说明文；社会现象类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国人正处于心理健康危机之中，分析了导致这一现象背后的原因。
A. apply - 应用，请求，或使生效。常指将某物或某方法应用于某情况或问题上。
B. broadly - 广泛地，普遍地。用于描述范围或影响的广泛性。
C. complicated - 复杂的，难懂的。表示某事物结构或过程复杂，不易理解。
D. downside - 缺点，不利方面。指某事物或决定的负面效应或不利之处。
E. hardly - 此单词可能是一个拼写错误，通常应为"hardly ever"表示几乎不，或者可能是想表达"hardly"（艰难地，几乎不）的某种意思，但单独使用时并不常见。在此，我们假设这是一个拼写错误，不考虑其作为正确答案。
F. neighbors - 邻居。指住在相近地方的人。
G. overburdened - 负担过重的，过载的。表示某物或某人承受了过多的压力或负担。
H. pills - 药片。指用于医疗目的的小片剂。
I. re-labeling - 重新贴标签，重新标记。指对某物进行二次标记或更改其标签。
J. turning - 转动，转向。可以是物理上的旋转，也可以是方向或态度的改变。
K. worse - 更糟糕的，更坏的。表示情况或条件的恶化。
【点评】考查选词填空，考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素，最后通读一遍检查验证。
11．句意：在过去的十年里，没有哪个欧洲国家的抗抑郁药使用增长如此之快；现在只有葡萄牙人和冰岛人服用更多的药物。根据"In the past decade no European country has seen a greater increase in the use of antidepressants(抗抑郁药); now only the Portuguese and Icelanders are popping more of the"以及句意"药物"可知应用复数名词pills，作宾语。故选H。
12．句意：英国人可能比他们的邻居更不快乐，原因有以下几点。根据下文"One global poll found that teenagers in Britain were some of the loneliest in the world, with few supportive relationships and a low sense of purpose and meaning: all risk factors for poor mental health."一项全球民意调查发现，英国青少年是世界上最孤独的人群之一，他们几乎没有支持性的人际关系，目标感和意义感也很低：这些都是导致心理健康状况不佳的风险因素；以及句意"邻居"可知应用复数名词neighbors，故选F。
13．句意：例如，英国最贫穷的家庭也比法国和德国的同等家庭更贫穷，这使得他们更容易受到焦虑和抑郁等状况的影响。根据空后"off than their equivalents in France and Germany, for example, which makes them more vulnerable to conditions such as anxiety and depression"以及句意"更加贫穷"可知应用短语为worse off"更贫穷"，故选K。
14．句意：而且英国的医疗系统似乎比大多数其他富裕国家的医疗系统负担过重。根据下文"In England alone, some 3.8 m are waiting for mental-health treatment."仅在英格兰，就有380万人在等待心理健康治疗；以及句意"负担过重"可知应用形容词overburdened，作表语。故选G。
15．句意：这些因素或许可以解释为什么越来越多的人开始求助于药物治疗。根据空后"to medication"以及句意"求助于"可知短语为turn to，根据上文are可知为现在进行时。故选J。
16．句意：这很难说是一件好事。根据下文" A reduction in humiliation (蒙羞) has encouraged more people to seek help. Taking antidepressants – or using mental-health services — has become much more acceptable." 羞辱的减少鼓励了更多的人寻求帮助。服用抗抑郁药——或者使用心理健康服务——已经变得更容易被接受了；以及句意"很难"可知应用副词hardly，故选E。
17．句意：但正如《经济学人》最近报道的那样，这种做法也有不利之处。根据下文"Surveys suggest that Britons are increasingly re-labeling common human emotions, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses."调查显示，英国人越来越多地将压力和悲伤等人类常见情绪重新定义为精神疾病；以及句意"不利之处"可知应用名词downside，作主语，结合不定冠词，应用单数名词。故选D。
18．句意：调查显示，英国人越来越多地将压力和悲伤等人类常见情绪重新定义为精神疾病。根据空后"common human emotions, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses"以及句意"重新定义为"可知应用动词re-label，根据空前are可知为现在进行时。故选I。
19．句意："如果你开始把它应用到30%到50%的人身上，你就会对什么是精神疾病失去任何概念，"阿德里安·梅西说，他是一本名为《病态笔记英国》的书的作者。根据空后"it to 30%, 50% of the population"以及句意"应用"可知应用动词apply，此处为不定式作宾语。故选A。
20．句意：造成这种情况的原因尚不清楚，但似乎涉及遗传和环境因素的复杂相互作用。根据"interplay of genetic and environmental factors"以及句意"复杂"可知应用形容词complicated，作定语修饰名词interplay。故选C。
二、Reading Comprehension
（2024高二下·宝山期末）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Methane (甲烷) is a greenhouse gas. Over 20 years it has over 80 times the planet-cooking power of carbon dioxide, and is 21． for nearly 45%of warming today. Because methane is the main 22． of natural gas, much of man-made emissions comes from the energy industry. Yet because it is short-lived, controlling methane offers the world its best possible chance for 23． progress against climate change.
As COP28, the UN's climate summit, gets 24． in Dubai, it is greatly encouraging, therefore, that the chances of such a deal on methane are good. Negotiators must 25． at a rare opportunity to strike one.
The reason a deal looks possible is that the politics are promising in all the biggest markets. China has recently announced that it will start including methane in its national climate plans. America will soon finalize regulations to 26． methane emissions from its huge oil and gas sector, including measures that cover leaky pipelines and storage. And the European Union has also agreed on tough methane standards, covering both domestic sources and 27． fossil fuels.
28． are helping, too. A range of new technologies for monitoring methane will help 29． large sources of emissions from the energy industry. Because oil and gas firms can often sell methane (rather than wastefully burning or releasing it), many investment s to avoid 30． will pay for themselves. Most firms do not invest because of the trouble, higher returns on other projects, or wells' distance from consumers. Whatever the reason, they suffer no 31． for adding needlessly to global warming.
Since green-washing, the process of conveying a false impression about how some products or measures are environmentally sound, is quite common, if a global methane deal is to be more than that, 32． , it will need rigour(缜密). Methane-control seemed to 33． at the UN climate summit in Glasgow two years ago, when negotiators 34． came up with a proposal to cut emissions by 30% by 2030．Yet the deal was voluntary, and had no enforcement mechanisms (机制); emissions have since 35． . An agreement this time round must link promises to national climate plans and, crucially, to domestic enforcement mechanisms.
21．A． powerful B． noticeable C． responsible D． possible
22．A． cause B． ingredient C． agent D． consequence
23．A． quick B． economic C． original D． national
24．A． under way B． in the making
C． on board D． to the point
25．A． stare B． point C． come D． leap
26．A． increase B． stabilize C． reduce D． balance
27．A． imported B． localized C． exported D． globalized
28．A． Revolutions B． Evolutions C． Resolutions D． Innovations
29．A． create B． activate C． decrease D． spot
30．A． disasters B． delays C． emissions D． examinations
31．A． loss B． punishment C． abuse D． defeat
32．A． however B． therefore C． further D． once
33．A． pay off B． make out C． run out D． take off
34．A． noisily B． admittedly C． reluctantly D． accidentally
35．A． declined B． disappeared C． swung D． risen
【答案】21．C；22．B；23．A；24．A；25．D；26．C；27．A；28．D；29．D；30．C；31．B；32．B；33．D；34．A；35．D
【知识点】新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了世界必须采取措施来控制甲烷。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，介词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：在20年的时间里，它的加热能力是二氧化碳的80倍以上，并且对今天近45%的变暖负有责任。A. powerful"有力的"；B. noticeable"显而易见的"；C. responsible"负责任的"；D. possible "可能的"。根据空前"Over 20 years it has over 80 times the planet-cooking power of carbon dioxide"可知，甲烷对今天近45%的变暖负有责任。故选C。
22．句意：作为天然气的主要组成部分，能源行业是人为甲烷排放的主要来源。 A. cause"原因"；B. ingredient"成分"；C. agent"代理人"；D. consequence"结果"。根据空后"of natural gas, much of man-made emissions comes from the energy industry"及常识可知，天然气的主要组成是甲烷。故选B。
23．句意：然而，甲烷的寿命较短，因此控制甲烷排放成为全球迅速应对气候变化的最佳途径。A. quick "快速的"；B. economic"经济的"；C. original"原始的"；D. national"国家的"。根据空前"Yet because it is short-lived, controlling methane offers the world its best possible chance"可知，控制甲烷排放成为全球迅速应对气候变化的最佳途径。故选A。
24．句意：随着联合国气候峰会（COP28）在迪拜的召开，有关甲烷的协议达成的可能性很大，这是一个令人鼓舞的迹象。 A. under way"进行中"；B. in the making"正在形成中"；C. on board"在船上"；D. to the point"切题"。根据空前"As COP28, the UN's climate summit"可知，联合国气候峰会（COP28）在迪拜的召开。故选A。
25．句意：谈判者必须把握这一难得的机会。 A. stare"盯着"；B. point"指向"；C. come"来"；D. leap"赶紧抓住（机会）"。根据上文"the chances of such a deal on methane are good"可知，机会难得，要抓住。leap at固定短语，"迅速抓住（机会、机遇等）"。故选D。
26．句意：美国即将完成旨在减少其庞大石油和天然气行业甲烷排放的规定，包括对泄漏的管道和储存设施的控制措施。A. increase"增加"；B. stabilize"稳固"；C. reduce"减少"；D. balance"平衡"。根据空后"including measures that cover leaky pipelines and storage"可知，美国即将完成旨在减少其庞大石油和天然气行业甲烷排放的规定。故选C。
27．句意：同时，欧盟也制定了严格的甲烷标准，覆盖国内和进口化石燃料。 A. imported"进口的"；B. localized"局部的"；C. exported"出口的"；D. globalized"使全球化的"。根据空前"domestic sources"可知，与国内相对应的是进口燃料。故选A。
28．句意：创新技术的应用也在起到作用。 A. Revolutions"革命"；B. Evolutions"进化"；C. Resolutions"决议"；D. Innovations"创新"。根据下文"A range of new technologies"可知，创新技术也起了作用。故选D。
29．句意：一系列监测甲烷的新技术将有助于发现能源工业的大型排放源。A. create"创造"；B. activate"激活"；C. decrease"减少"；D. spot"发现"。根据空前"monitoring methane"可知，测甲烷的新技术将有助于发现能源工业的大型排放源。故选D。
30．句意：由于石油和天然气公司可以销售甲烷（而非浪费性地燃烧或排放），许多减排投资能够自负盈亏。A. disasters"灾难"；B. delays"拖延"；C. emissions"排放"；D. examinations"考试"。根据空前"releasing it"可知，许多减排投资能够自负盈亏。故选C。
31．句意：不管原因如何，他们对无谓加剧全球变暖的行为并未受到惩罚。A. loss"丢失"；B. punishment"惩罚"；C. abuse"虐待"；D. defeat"打败"。根据上文"Most firms do not invest because of the trouble, higher returns on other projects, or wells' distance from consumers."可知，他们没有受到惩罚。故选B。
32．句意：因此，要确保全球甲烷协议不仅仅是表面的环保措施，它必须具备严谨性。A. however"然而"；B. therefore"因此"；C. further"进一步"；D. once"曾经"。根据句意可知，前后句为因果关系。故选B。
33．句意：甲烷控制似乎在两年前的格拉斯哥联合国气候峰会上开始起步，当时谈判代表们吵吵嚷嚷地提出了到2030年将排放量减少30%的建议。 A. pay off"回报"；B. make out"弄清楚"；C. run out"耗尽"；D. take off"起飞，脱下"。根据下文"when negotiators 14 came up with a proposal to cut emissions by 30% by 2030."可知，甲烷控制似乎在两年前的格拉斯哥联合国气候峰会上开始起步。故选D。
34．句意：甲烷控制似乎在两年前的格拉斯哥联合国气候峰会上开始起步，当时谈判代表们吵吵嚷嚷地提出了到2030年将排放量减少30%的建议。A. noisily"吵闹地"；B. admittedly"不可否认地"；C. reluctantly"勉强地"；D. accidentally "意外地"。联合国气候峰会来自不同的国家，国情完全不同，所以达成一致较为困难，无所以是吵吵嚷嚷地提出了到2030年将排放量减少30%的建议。故选A项。
35．句意：然而，该协议是自愿的，没有执行机制；自那以后排放量增加了。A. declined"拒绝"；B. disappeared "消失"；C. swung"摆动"；D. risen"上涨"。根据上文"had no enforcementmechanisms(机制)"可知，缺乏执行机制导致放量反而有所上升。故选D。
三、Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
（2024高二下·宝山期末） Reading Comprehension
The coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline. The term comes from the glacial (冰川的) activity of the Ice Age. At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier declined, however, it applied enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea.
As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land. And the highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. Marine fossils found here are 225 feet above sea level indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier.
The 2,500-mile-long rocky and jagged (锯齿状的) coastline of Maine keeps watching over nearly 2,000 islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to blooming communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands left behind by the glacier. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was very nearly formed as two distinct islands. It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a very deep and very narrow stretch of water seven miles long.
For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, has afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recently, though, Bar Harbor has become a new arts community as well. But the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Since the island sits on the border between two different geographical zones, the park supports the plants and animals of both zones. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds.
36．The large number of small islands along the coast of Maine is the result of ____.
A．the drowning of the Maine coastline
B．glacier's forcing mountains into the sea
C．the irregularity of the Maine coastline
D．ocean water's flooding the mountain range
37．What does the underlined word "charge" mean in paragraph 2
A．To ask an amount of money.
B．To accuse someone publicly of doing something wrong.
C．To rush in a particular direction.
D．To pass electricity through something.
38．Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of paragraph 4 of the selection
A．The wealthy residents of Mt. Desert Island selfishly kept it to themselves.
B．Acadia National Park is one of the best national parks.
C．On Mt. Desert Island, there is great tension between the residents and tourists.
D．Mt. Desert Island supports an incredibly diverse animal and plant life.
39．From the passage, we learn that ____.
A．the coastline of Maine is ten times longer after the Ice Age
B．there are more than 2,500 islands along the Maine coastline
C．Mt. Desert Island has been broken apart by a 7-mile-long water stretch
D．an arts community gave way to the summer homes on Mt. Desert Island
【答案】36．A
37．C
38．D
39．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；自然地理类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国缅因州海岸线的地质特点和形成原因，着重描述了其中一个最大的岛屿——Mt. Desert岛。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇地理类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
36．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline."这种不规则性是被称为溺水海岸的结果；" At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier declined, however, it applied enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea."那时，现在是缅因州的整个地区是一座高耸在海面之上的山脉的一部分。然而，随着冰川消退，它对那些山脉施加了巨大的力量，它们沉入了海中；以及第二段中的"And the highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands."而最靠近海岸的原山脉的最高部分则保留为岛屿。可知，缅因州海岸线的不规则性是通过"淹没的海岸线"形成的，这是冰川活动造成的结果。冰川退却时，山脉的部分沉入海底，留下高耸的部分成为岛屿。因此，许多小岛的形成是由于海岸线被淹没的结果。故选A。
37．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land."随着山脉的沉没，海洋水charged了剩余陆地的最低部分。可知，随着山脉的沉没，海洋水涌入淹没了剩余陆地的最低部分，可推知划线词charged意思是"淹没、（水）冲向某个特定的地方"，故选C。
38．考查段落大意。根据第四段中的"But the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Since the island sits on the border between two different geographical zones, the park supports the plants and animals of both zones."但岛上最好的部分是被称为阿卡迪亚国家公园的未受破坏的森林土地。由于该岛位于两个不同地理区域的交界处，公园支持着这两个区域的植物和动物)"可知，本段主要介绍该岛具有极其丰富的动植物多样性。故选D。
39．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Mt. Desert was very nearly formed as two distinct islands. It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a very deep and very narrow stretch of water seven miles long."巴港岛几乎形成了两个明显不同的岛屿。它几乎被索姆斯海峡一分为二，这是一条非常深且非常狭窄的七英里长的水域。可知，岛屿被一段7英里的水域隔开。故选C。
（2024高二下·宝山期末） Reading Comprehension
To the Editors: I am surprised to read that Dr. Strojnik ("Direct Detection of Exoplanets," September-October2023) states that we have not yet and cannot directly image exoplanets (外部行星). This is incorrect. NASA/IPAC has a list at exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/does/imaging.html. One example is an image of 51 Eridani b. The planet is 2.6 times as massive as Jupiter and has the same radius (半径). Gerard Kriss Space Telescope Science Institute
Dr. Gerard: I am pleased that my article brought a response. The phrase "planet detection" arouses in people's imaginations beautiful images of planets that are creative artistic representations of novel worlds. But a blur of brightness is not an image. Exoplanet researchers routinely call videos such as the one below of 51 Eridani b "direct images" because the planet's light has been separated from that of its star. "Directly imaged" is the standard language of exoplanet astronomy. But to an optical (光学的) scientist such as myself, there is a strong distinction between direct detection (the planet's light separated from the light of its star) and direct imaging (a proven picture of the exoplanet). From an optical researcher's perspective, a single bright spot simply is not an image. Indeed, even the word "direct" in direct detection is debatable from an optical researcher's point of view. The detection of the light of the exoplanet requires significant processing, adding multiple images and removing starlight based on theoretical models of the source signal. But the interpretation of a bright spot as a planet is only possible upon visual inspection and optimistic thinking. As an optical scientist, I cannot look at a single spot and call it an image of exoplanets. A trajectory (轨迹), or a series of bright points, is not an image of a planet, although it very likely represents something that nowadays is described as an exoplanet. Marija Strojnik
40．____ is the main disagreement between Marija Strojnik and Gerard Kriss.
A．The definition of a planet
B．The importance of detecting exoplanets
C．The artistic representation of exoplanets
D．The use of the term "direct imaging"
41．How does Dr. Strojnik feel about the interpretation of a bright spot as an exoplanet
A．She supports it, as it is a common practice in exoplanet astronomy.
B．She approves of it, although it does not provide a clear picture of the exoplanet.
C．She believes it is only possible through visual observation and positive assumption.
D．She considers the interpretation to be debatable, as it requires significant processing.
42．Where can you find these two letters
A．In the textbook. B．In a local newspaper.
C．In a published essay. D．In a science journal.
【答案】40．D
41．C
42．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Strojnik博士对直接探测系外行星等同于直接成像的观念提出了挑战。虽然她承认将行星的光从恒星中分离出来是一项重大成就，但她认为，仅仅是一个亮点并不能构成系外行星的真实图像。从她作为光学科学家的角度来看，系外行星天文学中的"直接成像"一词可能会产生误导，因为它涉及到广泛的处理和理论建模，以区分行星的光线。Strojnik强调了直接探测和真实成像之间的区别，认为将亮点解释为行星需要主观的解释，而不是清晰的视觉证据。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
40．考查细节理解。根据第二栏中的"Exoplanet researchers routinely call videos such as the one below of 51 Eridani b ‘direct images' because the planet's light has been separated from that of its star. ‘Directly imaged' is the standard language of exoplanet astronomy. But to an optical (光学的) scientist such as myself, there is a strong distinction between direct detection (the planet's light separated from the light of its sta) and direct imaging (a proven picture of the exoplanet)."系外行星研究人员通常将51 Eridani b的视频称为"直接图像"，因为这颗行星的光线已经与它的恒星分开了。"直接成像"是系外行星天文学的标准语言。但对于像我这样的光学科学家来说，直接探测（行星的光与恒星的光分离）和直接成像（已证实的系外行星的照片）之间有很大的区别；以及"Indeed, even the word ‘direct' in direct detection is debatable from an optical researcher's point of view."事实上，从光学研究人员的角度来看，甚至直接探测中的"直接"这个词都是有争议的。可知，"直接成像"一词的使用是Marija Strojnik和Gerard Kriss之间的主要分歧。故选D。
41．考查细节理解。根据第二栏中的"But the interpretation of a bright spot as a planet is only possible upon visual inspection and optimistic thinking. As an optical scientist, I cannot look at a single spot and call it an image of exoplanets."但是，只有通过肉眼观察和乐观的思考，才能将亮点解释为行星。作为一名光学科学家，我不能只看一个点就把它称为系外行星的图像。可知，对于将一个亮点解释为系外行星，Strojnik博士认为只有通过视觉观察和积极的假设才有可能。故选C。
42．考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，讲述了Strojnik博士对直接探测系外行星等同于直接成像的观念提出了挑战。虽然她承认将行星的光从恒星中分离出来是一项重大成就，但她认为，仅仅是一个亮点并不能构成系外行星的真实图像。从她作为光学科学家的角度来看，系外行星天文学中的"直接成像"一词可能会产生误导，因为它涉及到广泛的处理和理论建模，以区分行星的光线。Strojnik强调了直接探测和真实成像之间的区别，认为将亮点解释为行星需要主观的解释，而不是清晰的视觉证据。可知，这是一篇关于研究天文学类的文章，可推知，这两份信可能出现在科学杂志上。故选D。
（2024高二下·宝山期末） Reading Comprehension
The ancient Egyptians thought so little of the brain that when a king died, they removed the brain from his body and threw it away. The Egyptians assumed, like many people before and after them, that consciousness — your mind and your thoughts existed in the heart.
Now we know that the mind is a product of the brain, but how exactly does this 1.5-kilo piece of matter create a mind that allows you to think about yourself, experience happiness and anger, or remember events that happened 20 minutes or 20 years ago This isn't a new question. Today, however, powerful new techniques for visualizing the sources of thought, emotion, behavior, and memory are transforming the way we understand the brain and the mind it creates.
Have you ever stopped and thought, "What's wrong with me today I just don't feel like myself" Perhaps you were more tired or worried than usual — but somehow, you knew that something was different about you. This self-awareness - the ability to think about yourself and how you're feeling-is an important part of being human.
This part of of your mind has its origins in the prefrontal cortex — a region of your brain just behind your forehead that extends to about your ears. Before this area began to function (around age two), you didn't understand that you were a separate individual with your own identity. As this part of your brain developed, you became more aware of yourself and your thoughts and feelings.
Though humans may share certain emotions and recognize them in others, we don't all have the same emotional response to every situation. In fact, most emotional responses are learned and stored in our memories. The smell of freshly cut grass, for example, will generate happy feelings in someone who spent enjoyable childhood summers in the countryside, but not in someone who was forced to work long hours on a farm. Once an emotional association like this is made, it is very difficult to reverse it. "Emotion is the least flexible part of the brain," says psychologist Paul Ekman. But we can learn to control our emotions by becoming consciously aware of their underlying causes and by not reacting automatically to things in our environment.
For centuries, people have studied the brain, but it is only in recent years that we have really started to learn how it works. Nevertheless, there is still a long way to go before we understand our mind's many complexities.
43．What is the passage mainly about
A．How we create and control emotions.
B．How the mind works.
C．How human beings are distinct.
D．How emotions are processed.
44．Why does the author mention the ancient Egyptians' practice in the very beginning
A．To illustrate the importance of the heart in ancient Egyptian culture.
B．To introduce the core theme of the mind-body connection and evolution.
C．To provide an example of how the brain has been misunderstood throughout history.
D．To contrast the ancient Egyptians' views on the brain with the modern one.
45．Which of the following statement is NOT true
A．Self-awareness develops before the age of two.
B．The prefrontal cortex affects a person's emotions.
C．The prefrontal cortex is located at the front of the brain.
D．Self-awareness strengthens with the development of the brain.
46．What does the passage suggest about the flexibility of emotions
A．Emotions are universal and do not change over time or with individual experiences.
B．Emotions are generally learned and stored in our memories, making them quite flexible.
C．Emotions are influenced by our personal experiences and can vary from person to person.
D．Emotions are the least flexible part of the mind, and they cannot be controlled.
【答案】43．B
44．C
45．A
46．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大脑如何创造意识、情绪及自我认知等心理活动的现代理解与研究进展。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
43．考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的"Today, however, powerful new techniques for visualizing the sources of thought, emotion, behavior, and memory are transforming the way we understand the brain and the mind it creates."然而，如今，用于可视化思维、情感、行为及记忆源头的强大新技术正在彻底改变我们对大脑及其创造的心智的理解；以及最后一段中的"For centuries, people have studied the brain, but it is only in recent years that we have really started to learn how it works."几个世纪以来，人们一直在研究大脑，但直到最近几年，我们才真正开始了解它是如何工作的。可知，本文探讨了大脑如何创造意识以及我们如何控制情绪，"心智是如何工作的"能概括文章主题。故选B。
44．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"Now we know that the mind is a product of the brain, but how exactly does this 1.5-kilo piece of matter create a mind that allows you to think about yourself, experience happiness and anger, or remember events that happened 20 minutes or 20 years ago "现在我们已经知道，心智是大脑的产物，但这个重约1.5公斤的物质究竟是如何创造出一个能让你思考自我、体验快乐与愤怒，或是回忆起20分钟乃至20年前事件的心智呢？。可知，作者在开头提到古埃及人处理大脑的方式是为了展示历史上人们对于大脑的误解，以此引出后文对大脑功能的现代理解，引入关于大脑如何创造意识的讨论。故选C。
45．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Before this area began to function (around age two), you didn't understand that you were a separate individual with your own identity. As this part of your brain developed, you became more aware of yourself and your thoughts and feelings."在这一区域开始发挥作用之前(大约两岁左右)，你并不理解自己是一个拥有独立身份的个体。随着大脑这一部分的发展，你变得对自己、自己的思想和情感更加有意识。可知，自我意识是在两岁左右开始发展的，而不是之前，"自我意识在两岁之前就发展起来了。"是错误的。故选A。
46．考查推理判断。根据第五段中的"Though humans may share certain emotions and recognize them in others, we don't all have the same emotional response to every situation. In fact, most emotional responses are learned and stored in our memories."尽管人类可能共有一些情感，并能在他人身上识别它们，但我们并非对每种情境都有相同的情感反应。事实上，大多数情感反应都是习得的，并存储在我们的记忆中；以及"Once an emotional association like this is made, it is very difficult to reverse it. ‘Emotion is the least flexible part of the brain,' says psychologist Paul Ekman. "一旦形成这样的情感联系，就很难逆转。"情感是大脑中最不灵活的部分，"心理学家保罗·埃克曼说)"可知，情绪反应大多源于个人经历并存储于记忆中，且一旦形成很难改变，说明情绪在个体间可能因个人经历而有所不同，且具有相对不灵活性。故选C。
（2024高二下·宝山期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
It is certainly difficult to make money. But should money be difficult to give away In The Gilded Age, industrialists such as Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller worried about waste and misuse; Carnegie wrote in 1889 that $950 of every $1,000 that went to charity was "unwisely spent". 　47． 　 Donors ran lengthy application processes, provided funds and fulfilled painstaking reporting requirements. In 2006 The Economist called it "philanthrocapitalism (慈善资本主义)".
　48． 　 The 400 richest Americans have given away just 6% of their combined fortunes, according to Forbes. At the last count in 2022, almost $1.2 trn was sitting in American private foundations and $230bn in donor-advised funds, a sort of savings account for donors. Plenty of money is being marked for charity. But it is not getting to worthy causes fast enough.
Fortunately, a new generation of donors is once again shaking up the world of big philanthropy (慈善事业). Leading the mission is MacKenzie Scott, who simplified the process of giving and is donating billions of dollars a year with few conditions. This "no-strings giving" is changing mega-donors' long-held assumptions. 　49． 　
One is the recognition that philanthropists do not have to do everything themselves. 　50． 　 An upside of a decades-long trend for businesslike philanthropy is that armies of consultants have emerged to help donors draw up a strategy and conduct due diligence on potential recipients. Donors can team up and share the work, too.
Another lesson from the no-strings crowd is that philanthropists can trust recipients to put money to good use once the proper due diligence is in place. That means analyzing a nonprofit organization's annual reports and interviewing its leaders and other funders.
A. It offers lessons for those struggling to get money out of the door.
B. In addition to that, her charity work is too numerous to mention.
C. However, this idea that charities' money is wasted has been proven wrong by evidence.
D. Mega-donors no longer need to endure the trouble of setting up a foundation and hiring staff.
E. Two decades on, however, it's become clear that all this paperwork puts the brakes on giving.
F. Around the turn of the millennium donors looked to data and rules as a way to stop waste.
【答案】47．F；48．E；49．A；50．D
【知识点】说明文；社会现象类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了慈善资本主义的弊端，以及新的一代的慈善家是如何进行慈善事业的。
【点评】考查六选四，本文是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
47．根据空前"InThe Gilded Age, industrialists such as Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller worried about waste and misuse; Carnegie wrote in 1889 that $950 of every $1,000 that went to charity was ‘unwisely spent'."在镀金时代，Andrew Carnegie和John D. Rockefeller等实业家担心浪费和滥用；Carnegie在1889年写道，捐赠给慈善机构的每1000美元中，有950美元"花得不明智"。提到担心浪费和滥用捐赠的钱；以及空后"Donors ran lengthy application processes, provided funds and fulfilled painstaking reporting requirements."捐助者进行了漫长的申请程序，提供资金并完成了繁琐的报告要求。提到提供资金并完成繁琐的报告要求。 F. Around the turn of the millennium donors looked to data and rules as a way to stop waste. "在千禧年前后，捐赠者希望通过数据和规则来阻止浪费。"承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
48．根据空后"The 400 richest Americans have given away just 6% of their combined fortunes, according to Forbes."根据福布斯的数据，美国最富有的400人只捐出了他们财富总额的6%。提到最富有的400人只捐出了他们财富总额的6%。E. Two decades on, however, it's become clear that all this paperwork puts the brakes on giving."然而，二十年过去了，很明显，所有这些文书工作都阻碍了捐赠。"引起下文，下文是对此处内容的具体说明，故选E。
49．根据空前"This ‘no-strings giving' is changing mega-donors' long-held assumptions."这种"无条件捐赠"正在改变巨额捐赠者长期以来的假设。提到无条件捐赠这个概念。 A. It offers lessons for those struggling to get money out of the door. "它为那些挣扎着把钱带出家门的人提供了教训。"可知，承接上文，是上文内容的语意递进，符合语境，故选A。
50．根据空前"One is the recognition that philanthropists do not have to do everything themselves."其一是认识到慈善家不必事事亲力亲为。提到慈善家不必事事亲力亲为；以及空后"An upside of a decades-long trend for businesslike philanthropy is that armies of consultants have emerged to help donors draw up a strategy and conduct due diligence on potential recipients."商业慈善事业几十年来的趋势的一个好处是，顾问大军已经出现，帮助捐赠者制定战略，并对潜在的接受者进行尽职调查。 D. Mega-donors no longer need to endure the trouble of setting up a foundation and hiring staff. "超级捐赠者不再需要忍受设立基金会和雇佣员工的麻烦。"承上启下，符合语境。故选D。
四、Summary Writing
51．（2024高二下·宝山期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
For thousands of years, Chinese people have valued the large family with three, four, or even five generations living under the same roof. That's what we call an extended family. Now it is pared to extended families. nuclear families which involve only two generations living together are becoming the trend. Apart from family size, these families are also featured by reduced dependence on the last generation. Young people are able to make decisions on their own and children are less likely to be brought up by their grandparents.
The reason for the tendency of nuclear families can be reflected as follows. It's a time when young people think highly of individual freedom. Young people like to have personal space that won't be disturbed by the old generations. In this way, they are more likely to avoid conflicts caused by different living habits from their parents.
It's also a time when social welfare institutions are highly advanced for old people to lead a comfortable life . Senior citizens can live together in some nursing homes and be taken good care of by specialized nursing workers, which may base young people's heavy burden of attending their aging parents.
However, the problem concerning attending to children turns up as the number of nuclear families increases. Young people are busy with their work and spend less time with their children. As a result, lacking enough care both from their parents and grandparents during their growth, children may develop mental illnesses like loneliness and depression. Many young people, therefore, hire babysitters to look after and keep company with their children, which adds a financial burden to them.
Facing the problem above, young people can seek help from old generations, communities and government. Old generations are welcomed to take care of their grandchildren, especially when young people are asked to work munities ought to organize some volunteers to look after unattended kids. And government can set up special loads for young people to relieve their financial problem. With the joint efforts, nuclear families are expected to fit in well with the development of the society.
【答案】The trend of nuclear families is increasing in China, with fewer generations living together under one roof. However, this trend also leads to challenges in child care, as parents have less time to spend with their children. Solutions such as involving grandparents, community volunteers, and government support are suggested to address these challenges.
【知识点】文字式说明文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇概要写作。写作步骤：
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章介绍了在中国，核心家庭的趋势正在增加，越来越少的几代人住在一个屋檐下。然而，这一趋势也带来了儿童保育方面的挑战，因为父母花在孩子身上的时间越来越少。解决这些挑战的方法包括祖父母、社区志愿者和政府支持。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：The trend of nuclear families is increasing in China, with fewer generations living together under one roof. 运用了with的复合结构；However, this trend also leads to challenges in child care, as parents have less time to spend with their children. 运用了原因状语从句；Solutions such as
involving grandparents, community volunteers, and government support are suggested to address these challenges.运用了被动语态。
五、Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word given in the brackets.
52．（2024高二下·宝山期末） 校餐也要以其他食品的推销方法推销给孩子。（the same way）(汉译英)
【答案】School meals should also be marketed to children in the same way as other foods.
【知识点】动词的语态；固定短语；情态动词的基本用法；汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，主语"校餐"应用名词短语School meals；"被推销给"应用动词短语be marketed to；"孩子们"应用复数名词children；"以同样的方式"应为介词短语in the same way；"和其他食物一样"应为介词短语as other foods。故答案为：School meals should also be marketed to children in the same way as other foods.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及含有情态动词的被动语态，以及固定短语be marketed to和in the same way。
53．（2024高二下·宝山期末） 为了培养学生地道的口音，该大学计划从国外聘请一些英文老师。（handful）(汉译英)
【答案】In order to cultivate students' authentic accent, the university plans to hire a handful of English teachers from abroad.
【知识点】固定短语；一般现在时；汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，"为了做某事"应用固定短语in order to do；"培养"应用动词cultivate；"学生地道的口音"应用名词短语students' authentic accent；"该大学"用名词the university；"计划做某事"应用动词短语plan to do；"聘请"应用动词hire；"一些英文老师"应用名词短语a handful of English teachers；结合句意可知，该句应为一般现在时。故答案为：In order to cultivate students' authentic accent, the university plans to hire a handful of English teachers from abroad.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般现在时以及固定短语in order to do和plan to do。
54．（2024高二下·宝山期末） 与这位家喻户晓的建筑师一起工作是一次难忘的经历，是我职业生涯迄今为止的一个亮点。(highlight) (汉译英)
【答案】Working with this universally renowned architect was an unforgettable experience, undoubtedly a highlight of my career thus far.
【知识点】动名词；一般过去时；汉译英
【解析】【分析】本句描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语中的"与……一起工作"用动名词短语working with，"这位家喻户晓的建筑师"应用this universally renowned architect，二者一起工作"作句子主语，用动名词短语形式working with this universally renowned architect，作主语置于句首，首字母大写；系动词"是"应用过去式，且动名词短语作主语，应用第三人称单数was，表语"一次难忘的经历"应用an unforgettable experience，同位语"我职业生涯的一个亮点"应用a highlight of my career，副词"无疑，必定"应用undoubtedly，作状语，"迄今为止"用thus far。故答案为Working with this universally renowned architect was an unforgettable experience, undoubtedly a highlight of my career thus far.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及动名词短语作主语，一般过去时。
55．（2024高二下·宝山期末） 主席不仅致力于打造一个科技强国，还号召人们加强科技创新园区的建设，并推动绿色制造业的发展。（call on）(汉译英)
【答案】The Chairman not only focuses on building a strong country in science and technology but also calls on people to strengthen the construction of science and technology innovation parks and to promote the development of green manufacturing.
【知识点】固定短语；一般现在时；并列句；汉译英
【解析】【分析】此句陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时。"不仅……还……"应用固定短语not only... but also.....，其中第一个分句中，主语是"主席"，应用名词chairman，谓语"致力于打造"，应用动词短语focus on building，"科技强国"是宾语，应用a strong country in science and technology；第二个分句中，主语仍然是"主席"，谓语"号召"，按照题目要求，应用动词短语call on sb. to do。"科技创新园区"应用the construction of science and technology innovation parks。"并推动……"是一个并列分句，和call on sb. to do进行并列，"绿色制造业"应用green manufacturing。故答案为The Chairman not only focuses on building a strong country in science and technology but also calls on people to strengthen the construction of science and technology innovation parks and to promote the development of green manufacturing.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及not only...but also...并列句，一般现在时以及固定短语call on sb. to do。
六、Guided Writing
56．（2024高二下·宝山期末） Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学的学生吴磊，你校英文报《英语拾零》（English Sidelights）正庆祝创刊十周年，请你写一篇文章投稿，内容包括：
● 读报的经历；
● 喜爱的栏目；
● 期望和祝福。
（文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称）
【答案】English Sidelights and Me
I have been an avid reader of English Sidelights since the day my teacher recommended it to me. I remember that the first time I picked up a copy of the paper, I was struck by the quality of the writing and the depth of the coverage. Since then, I have made it a habit to read it every day.
One of my favorite sections is the Opinion. I appreciate the diverse range of views and perspectives presented in this section. The editorials are well-researched and thought-provoking, and the guest commentaries offer fresh insights into a variety of issues.
I expect the paper to stay true to its core values and to continue to provide readers with high-quality reporting and analysis. On this special occasion of the 10th anniversary of English Sidelights, I hope the paper will thrive and grow in the years ahead.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以明启中学的学生吴磊的身份 写一篇文章投稿 。写作背景： 你校英文报《英语拾零》（English Sidelights）正庆祝创刊十周年 。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：● 读报的经历；● 喜爱的栏目；● 期望和祝福。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：I have been an avid reader of English Sidelights since the day my teacher recommended it to me. 运用了限制性定语从句；I remember that the first time I picked up a copy of the paper, I was struck by the quality of the writing and the depth of the coverage. 运用了宾语从句，时间状语从句；Since then, I have made it a habit to read it every day.运用了it作形式宾语；The editorials are well-researched and thought-provoking, and the guest commentaries offer fresh insights into a variety of issues.运用了被动语态； On this special occasion of the 10th anniversary of English Sidelights, I hope the paper will thrive and grow in the years ahead.运用了宾语从句。
1 / 1上海市宝山区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
一、Grammar and Vocabulary
（2024高二下·宝山期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
First published on October 15, 1952, "Charlotte's Web" is a popular children's book written by well-known American author E. B. White and 　1． 　（illustrate）by Garth Williams that deals with themes of the nature of friendship, loss, fate, acceptance, and renewal. The story centers on a pig named Wilbur and the unlikely but deep friendship 　2． 　 shares with an uncommonly talented spider named Charlotte.
While it's normal in the course of events on a farm for pigs 　3． 　（kill）when they reach a certain size and age, clever Charlotte works out a scheme to keep Wilbur from his fate by weaving words into her web to create what amounts to a one-pig publicity campaign. By promoting Wilbur to celebrity status, Charlotte ultimately saves him 　4． 　 his date with the butcher's knife.
The ending of the "Charlotte's Web" is bittersweet, however, 　5． 　 while Wilbur survives, Charlotte does not. But even Charlotte's passing is a lesson-for Wilbur and those reading his story-about the nature of death and renewal.
Death and destiny are both themes that the book explores. While Charlotte is willing to help Wilbur avoid a destiny that's being imposed on him by outside forces beyond his control, she also understands that some fates are inevitable: All living creatures are born, 　6． 　（have）a life cycle, and die. Charlotte accepts her role in this natural circle without regret.
Charlotte helps Wilbur realize that immortality is not about living forever, but rather, 　7． 　（ensure）that new generations will follow. She also helps him understand that love and friendship are not fixed in quantity. While we may lose a friend, new friendships can come along, not as replacements for 　8． 　 we've lost, but as blessings to build on what we've learned.
"Charlotte's Web" got its inspiration from true experiences that author E. B. White had on his farm in Maine, 　9． 　 he penned the book and lived until his death in 1985．While the author claims that the book 　10． 　 never be considered a moral tale, certain messages related to moral principles, or rights and wrongs, are obviously established in "Charlotte's Web".
（2024高二下·宝山期末）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．apply B．broadly C．complicated D．downside E．hardly F．neighbors G．overburdened H．pills I．re-labeling J．turning K．worse
Britain appears to be in a mental-health crisis. In the past decade no European country has seen a greater increase in the use of antidepressants(抗抑郁药); now only the Portuguese and Icelanders are popping more of the 　11． 　. Around 4.5m Britons were in contact with mental-health services in 2021-22, a rise of almost l m in five years.
There are a few reasons why Britons might be unhappier than their 　12． 　. One global poll found that teenagers in Britain were some of the loneliest in the world, with few supportive relationships and a low sense of purpose and meaning: all risk factors for poor mental health. Britain's poorest households are also 　13． 　 off than their equivalents in France and Germany, for example, which makes them more vulnerable to conditions such as anxiety and depression. And Britain's health system can seem more 　14． 　 than those in most other rich countries. In England alone, some 3.8 m are waiting for mental-health treatment.
Those factors might explain why more people are 　15． 　 to medication. Another reason is increased awareness. Campaigns around depression and anxiety have been particularly successful in Britain. That is 　16． 　 a good thing. A reduction in humiliation (蒙羞) has encouraged more people to seek help. Taking antidepressants – or using mental-health services — has become much more acceptable.
But there is a 　17． 　 to this, as The Economist recently reported. Surveys suggest that Britons are increasingly 　18． 　 common human emotions, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses. "You're going to lose any sense of what mental illness is if you start to 　19． 　 it to 30%, 50% of the population," says Adrian Massey, author of a book called "Sick-Note Britain".
For all the focus on anxiety and depression in campaigns, severe mental illnesses still receive too little attention. This is a problem: according to the GBD, Britain has the highest rates of severe mental illness in Europe. The causes of such conditions are unclear, but seem to involve a 　20． 　 interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Illegal drug misuse, for which Britain has among the highest rates in the region, also plays a role.
二、Reading Comprehension
（2024高二下·宝山期末）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Methane (甲烷) is a greenhouse gas. Over 20 years it has over 80 times the planet-cooking power of carbon dioxide, and is 21． for nearly 45%of warming today. Because methane is the main 22． of natural gas, much of man-made emissions comes from the energy industry. Yet because it is short-lived, controlling methane offers the world its best possible chance for 23． progress against climate change.
As COP28, the UN's climate summit, gets 24． in Dubai, it is greatly encouraging, therefore, that the chances of such a deal on methane are good. Negotiators must 25． at a rare opportunity to strike one.
The reason a deal looks possible is that the politics are promising in all the biggest markets. China has recently announced that it will start including methane in its national climate plans. America will soon finalize regulations to 26． methane emissions from its huge oil and gas sector, including measures that cover leaky pipelines and storage. And the European Union has also agreed on tough methane standards, covering both domestic sources and 27． fossil fuels.
28． are helping, too. A range of new technologies for monitoring methane will help 29． large sources of emissions from the energy industry. Because oil and gas firms can often sell methane (rather than wastefully burning or releasing it), many investment s to avoid 30． will pay for themselves. Most firms do not invest because of the trouble, higher returns on other projects, or wells' distance from consumers. Whatever the reason, they suffer no 31． for adding needlessly to global warming.
Since green-washing, the process of conveying a false impression about how some products or measures are environmentally sound, is quite common, if a global methane deal is to be more than that, 32． , it will need rigour(缜密). Methane-control seemed to 33． at the UN climate summit in Glasgow two years ago, when negotiators 34． came up with a proposal to cut emissions by 30% by 2030．Yet the deal was voluntary, and had no enforcement mechanisms (机制); emissions have since 35． . An agreement this time round must link promises to national climate plans and, crucially, to domestic enforcement mechanisms.
21．A． powerful B． noticeable C． responsible D． possible
22．A． cause B． ingredient C． agent D． consequence
23．A． quick B． economic C． original D． national
24．A． under way B． in the making
C． on board D． to the point
25．A． stare B． point C． come D． leap
26．A． increase B． stabilize C． reduce D． balance
27．A． imported B． localized C． exported D． globalized
28．A． Revolutions B． Evolutions C． Resolutions D． Innovations
29．A． create B． activate C． decrease D． spot
30．A． disasters B． delays C． emissions D． examinations
31．A． loss B． punishment C． abuse D． defeat
32．A． however B． therefore C． further D． once
33．A． pay off B． make out C． run out D． take off
34．A． noisily B． admittedly C． reluctantly D． accidentally
35．A． declined B． disappeared C． swung D． risen
三、Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
（2024高二下·宝山期末） Reading Comprehension
The coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline. The term comes from the glacial (冰川的) activity of the Ice Age. At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier declined, however, it applied enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea.
As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land. And the highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. Marine fossils found here are 225 feet above sea level indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier.
The 2,500-mile-long rocky and jagged (锯齿状的) coastline of Maine keeps watching over nearly 2,000 islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to blooming communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands left behind by the glacier. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was very nearly formed as two distinct islands. It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a very deep and very narrow stretch of water seven miles long.
For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, has afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recently, though, Bar Harbor has become a new arts community as well. But the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Since the island sits on the border between two different geographical zones, the park supports the plants and animals of both zones. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds.
36．The large number of small islands along the coast of Maine is the result of ____.
A．the drowning of the Maine coastline
B．glacier's forcing mountains into the sea
C．the irregularity of the Maine coastline
D．ocean water's flooding the mountain range
37．What does the underlined word "charge" mean in paragraph 2
A．To ask an amount of money.
B．To accuse someone publicly of doing something wrong.
C．To rush in a particular direction.
D．To pass electricity through something.
38．Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of paragraph 4 of the selection
A．The wealthy residents of Mt. Desert Island selfishly kept it to themselves.
B．Acadia National Park is one of the best national parks.
C．On Mt. Desert Island, there is great tension between the residents and tourists.
D．Mt. Desert Island supports an incredibly diverse animal and plant life.
39．From the passage, we learn that ____.
A．the coastline of Maine is ten times longer after the Ice Age
B．there are more than 2,500 islands along the Maine coastline
C．Mt. Desert Island has been broken apart by a 7-mile-long water stretch
D．an arts community gave way to the summer homes on Mt. Desert Island
（2024高二下·宝山期末） Reading Comprehension
To the Editors: I am surprised to read that Dr. Strojnik ("Direct Detection of Exoplanets," September-October2023) states that we have not yet and cannot directly image exoplanets (外部行星). This is incorrect. NASA/IPAC has a list at exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/does/imaging.html. One example is an image of 51 Eridani b. The planet is 2.6 times as massive as Jupiter and has the same radius (半径). Gerard Kriss Space Telescope Science Institute
Dr. Gerard: I am pleased that my article brought a response. The phrase "planet detection" arouses in people's imaginations beautiful images of planets that are creative artistic representations of novel worlds. But a blur of brightness is not an image. Exoplanet researchers routinely call videos such as the one below of 51 Eridani b "direct images" because the planet's light has been separated from that of its star. "Directly imaged" is the standard language of exoplanet astronomy. But to an optical (光学的) scientist such as myself, there is a strong distinction between direct detection (the planet's light separated from the light of its star) and direct imaging (a proven picture of the exoplanet). From an optical researcher's perspective, a single bright spot simply is not an image. Indeed, even the word "direct" in direct detection is debatable from an optical researcher's point of view. The detection of the light of the exoplanet requires significant processing, adding multiple images and removing starlight based on theoretical models of the source signal. But the interpretation of a bright spot as a planet is only possible upon visual inspection and optimistic thinking. As an optical scientist, I cannot look at a single spot and call it an image of exoplanets. A trajectory (轨迹), or a series of bright points, is not an image of a planet, although it very likely represents something that nowadays is described as an exoplanet. Marija Strojnik
40．____ is the main disagreement between Marija Strojnik and Gerard Kriss.
A．The definition of a planet
B．The importance of detecting exoplanets
C．The artistic representation of exoplanets
D．The use of the term "direct imaging"
41．How does Dr. Strojnik feel about the interpretation of a bright spot as an exoplanet
A．She supports it, as it is a common practice in exoplanet astronomy.
B．She approves of it, although it does not provide a clear picture of the exoplanet.
C．She believes it is only possible through visual observation and positive assumption.
D．She considers the interpretation to be debatable, as it requires significant processing.
42．Where can you find these two letters
A．In the textbook. B．In a local newspaper.
C．In a published essay. D．In a science journal.
（2024高二下·宝山期末） Reading Comprehension
The ancient Egyptians thought so little of the brain that when a king died, they removed the brain from his body and threw it away. The Egyptians assumed, like many people before and after them, that consciousness — your mind and your thoughts existed in the heart.
Now we know that the mind is a product of the brain, but how exactly does this 1.5-kilo piece of matter create a mind that allows you to think about yourself, experience happiness and anger, or remember events that happened 20 minutes or 20 years ago This isn't a new question. Today, however, powerful new techniques for visualizing the sources of thought, emotion, behavior, and memory are transforming the way we understand the brain and the mind it creates.
Have you ever stopped and thought, "What's wrong with me today I just don't feel like myself" Perhaps you were more tired or worried than usual — but somehow, you knew that something was different about you. This self-awareness - the ability to think about yourself and how you're feeling-is an important part of being human.
This part of of your mind has its origins in the prefrontal cortex — a region of your brain just behind your forehead that extends to about your ears. Before this area began to function (around age two), you didn't understand that you were a separate individual with your own identity. As this part of your brain developed, you became more aware of yourself and your thoughts and feelings.
Though humans may share certain emotions and recognize them in others, we don't all have the same emotional response to every situation. In fact, most emotional responses are learned and stored in our memories. The smell of freshly cut grass, for example, will generate happy feelings in someone who spent enjoyable childhood summers in the countryside, but not in someone who was forced to work long hours on a farm. Once an emotional association like this is made, it is very difficult to reverse it. "Emotion is the least flexible part of the brain," says psychologist Paul Ekman. But we can learn to control our emotions by becoming consciously aware of their underlying causes and by not reacting automatically to things in our environment.
For centuries, people have studied the brain, but it is only in recent years that we have really started to learn how it works. Nevertheless, there is still a long way to go before we understand our mind's many complexities.
43．What is the passage mainly about
A．How we create and control emotions.
B．How the mind works.
C．How human beings are distinct.
D．How emotions are processed.
44．Why does the author mention the ancient Egyptians' practice in the very beginning
A．To illustrate the importance of the heart in ancient Egyptian culture.
B．To introduce the core theme of the mind-body connection and evolution.
C．To provide an example of how the brain has been misunderstood throughout history.
D．To contrast the ancient Egyptians' views on the brain with the modern one.
45．Which of the following statement is NOT true
A．Self-awareness develops before the age of two.
B．The prefrontal cortex affects a person's emotions.
C．The prefrontal cortex is located at the front of the brain.
D．Self-awareness strengthens with the development of the brain.
46．What does the passage suggest about the flexibility of emotions
A．Emotions are universal and do not change over time or with individual experiences.
B．Emotions are generally learned and stored in our memories, making them quite flexible.
C．Emotions are influenced by our personal experiences and can vary from person to person.
D．Emotions are the least flexible part of the mind, and they cannot be controlled.
（2024高二下·宝山期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
It is certainly difficult to make money. But should money be difficult to give away In The Gilded Age, industrialists such as Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller worried about waste and misuse; Carnegie wrote in 1889 that $950 of every $1,000 that went to charity was "unwisely spent". 　47． 　 Donors ran lengthy application processes, provided funds and fulfilled painstaking reporting requirements. In 2006 The Economist called it "philanthrocapitalism (慈善资本主义)".
　48． 　 The 400 richest Americans have given away just 6% of their combined fortunes, according to Forbes. At the last count in 2022, almost $1.2 trn was sitting in American private foundations and $230bn in donor-advised funds, a sort of savings account for donors. Plenty of money is being marked for charity. But it is not getting to worthy causes fast enough.
Fortunately, a new generation of donors is once again shaking up the world of big philanthropy (慈善事业). Leading the mission is MacKenzie Scott, who simplified the process of giving and is donating billions of dollars a year with few conditions. This "no-strings giving" is changing mega-donors' long-held assumptions. 　49． 　
One is the recognition that philanthropists do not have to do everything themselves. 　50． 　 An upside of a decades-long trend for businesslike philanthropy is that armies of consultants have emerged to help donors draw up a strategy and conduct due diligence on potential recipients. Donors can team up and share the work, too.
Another lesson from the no-strings crowd is that philanthropists can trust recipients to put money to good use once the proper due diligence is in place. That means analyzing a nonprofit organization's annual reports and interviewing its leaders and other funders.
A. It offers lessons for those struggling to get money out of the door.
B. In addition to that, her charity work is too numerous to mention.
C. However, this idea that charities' money is wasted has been proven wrong by evidence.
D. Mega-donors no longer need to endure the trouble of setting up a foundation and hiring staff.
E. Two decades on, however, it's become clear that all this paperwork puts the brakes on giving.
F. Around the turn of the millennium donors looked to data and rules as a way to stop waste.
四、Summary Writing
51．（2024高二下·宝山期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
For thousands of years, Chinese people have valued the large family with three, four, or even five generations living under the same roof. That's what we call an extended family. Now it is pared to extended families. nuclear families which involve only two generations living together are becoming the trend. Apart from family size, these families are also featured by reduced dependence on the last generation. Young people are able to make decisions on their own and children are less likely to be brought up by their grandparents.
The reason for the tendency of nuclear families can be reflected as follows. It's a time when young people think highly of individual freedom. Young people like to have personal space that won't be disturbed by the old generations. In this way, they are more likely to avoid conflicts caused by different living habits from their parents.
It's also a time when social welfare institutions are highly advanced for old people to lead a comfortable life . Senior citizens can live together in some nursing homes and be taken good care of by specialized nursing workers, which may base young people's heavy burden of attending their aging parents.
However, the problem concerning attending to children turns up as the number of nuclear families increases. Young people are busy with their work and spend less time with their children. As a result, lacking enough care both from their parents and grandparents during their growth, children may develop mental illnesses like loneliness and depression. Many young people, therefore, hire babysitters to look after and keep company with their children, which adds a financial burden to them.
Facing the problem above, young people can seek help from old generations, communities and government. Old generations are welcomed to take care of their grandchildren, especially when young people are asked to work munities ought to organize some volunteers to look after unattended kids. And government can set up special loads for young people to relieve their financial problem. With the joint efforts, nuclear families are expected to fit in well with the development of the society.
五、Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word given in the brackets.
52．（2024高二下·宝山期末） 校餐也要以其他食品的推销方法推销给孩子。（the same way）(汉译英)
53．（2024高二下·宝山期末） 为了培养学生地道的口音，该大学计划从国外聘请一些英文老师。（handful）(汉译英)
54．（2024高二下·宝山期末） 与这位家喻户晓的建筑师一起工作是一次难忘的经历，是我职业生涯迄今为止的一个亮点。(highlight) (汉译英)
55．（2024高二下·宝山期末） 主席不仅致力于打造一个科技强国，还号召人们加强科技创新园区的建设，并推动绿色制造业的发展。（call on）(汉译英)
六、Guided Writing
56．（2024高二下·宝山期末） Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学的学生吴磊，你校英文报《英语拾零》（English Sidelights）正庆祝创刊十周年，请你写一篇文章投稿，内容包括：
● 读报的经历；
● 喜爱的栏目；
● 期望和祝福。
（文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称）
答案解析部分
【答案】1．illustrated；2．he；3．to be killed；4．from；5．because；6．have；7．ensuring；8．what；9．where；10．can
【知识点】说明文；文学艺术类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了《夏洛特的网》于1952年10月15日首次出版，是一本受欢迎的儿童读物，由美国著名作家E. B.怀特撰写，加思·威廉姆斯配图，主题涉及友谊、失去、命运、接受和重生的本质。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，代词，介词，连词，时态，宾语从句，定语从句，情态动词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：《夏洛特的网》于1952年10月15日首次出版，是一本受欢迎的儿童读物，由美国著名作家E. B.怀特撰写，加思·威廉姆斯配图，主题涉及友谊、失去、命运、接受和重生的本质。book和illustrate是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词，此处作后置定语，故填illustrated。
2．句意：故事围绕着一只名叫威尔伯的猪，以及他与一只名叫夏洛特的非凡天才蜘蛛之间不太可能但却深厚的友谊展开。根据下文"keep Wilbur from his fate"提到his fate可知，此处应为代词he指代上文提到的Wilbur。故填he。
3．句意：在农场里，当猪长到一定的尺寸和年龄时，被杀死是很正常的，聪明的夏洛特想出了一个计划，通过在她的网里织词来创造一个相当于一只猪的宣传活动，让威尔伯免受他的命运。此句是固定句型it is+adj +for sb to do sth"做某事对于……是怎样的"，所以此处为动词不定式，结合pigs和kill为被动关系，所以为动词不定式的被动式。故填to be killed。
4．句意：通过把威尔伯提升到名人的地位，夏洛特最终把他从屠刀的约会中救了出来。save sb from…固定短语，"从……解救出来"，故填from。
5．句意：然而，《夏洛的网》的结局苦乐参半，因为威尔伯活了下来，夏洛却没有。根据句意可知，此处为because引导的原因状语从句，强调直接原因，故填because。
6．句意：所有的生物都出生，有生命周期，然后死亡。此处与are born和die并列，应用动词原形，故填have。
7．句意：夏洛帮助威尔伯认识到，永生并不是永远活着，而是确保新一代的到来。由but rather连接的living为动名词可知，此处也应用动名词，作介词about的宾语成分。故填ensuring。
8．句意：虽然我们可能会失去一个朋友，但新的友谊可能会出现，不是取代我们失去的，而是在我们所学到的基础上的祝福。 we've lost 是宾语从句，结合句意，应用what，在从句中作宾语成分，意为"失去的东西"。故填what。
9．句意：《夏洛特的网》的灵感来自作者E. B.怀特在缅因州农场的真实经历，他在那里写了这本书，直到1985年去世。 he penned the book and lived until his death in 1985 是非限制性定语从句，先行词是farm，在从句中作地点状语成分。故填where。
10．句意：虽然作者声称这本书永远不能被认为是一个道德故事，但与道德原则或对与错有关的某些信息显然在《夏洛特的网》中得到了确立。根据句意可知，此处为情态动词can，和空后的never be构成can never be"不可能做到"，故填can。
【答案】11．H；12．F；13．K；14．G；15．J；16．E；17．D；18．I；19．A；20．C
【知识点】说明文；社会现象类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国人正处于心理健康危机之中，分析了导致这一现象背后的原因。
A. apply - 应用，请求，或使生效。常指将某物或某方法应用于某情况或问题上。
B. broadly - 广泛地，普遍地。用于描述范围或影响的广泛性。
C. complicated - 复杂的，难懂的。表示某事物结构或过程复杂，不易理解。
D. downside - 缺点，不利方面。指某事物或决定的负面效应或不利之处。
E. hardly - 此单词可能是一个拼写错误，通常应为"hardly ever"表示几乎不，或者可能是想表达"hardly"（艰难地，几乎不）的某种意思，但单独使用时并不常见。在此，我们假设这是一个拼写错误，不考虑其作为正确答案。
F. neighbors - 邻居。指住在相近地方的人。
G. overburdened - 负担过重的，过载的。表示某物或某人承受了过多的压力或负担。
H. pills - 药片。指用于医疗目的的小片剂。
I. re-labeling - 重新贴标签，重新标记。指对某物进行二次标记或更改其标签。
J. turning - 转动，转向。可以是物理上的旋转，也可以是方向或态度的改变。
K. worse - 更糟糕的，更坏的。表示情况或条件的恶化。
【点评】考查选词填空，考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素，最后通读一遍检查验证。
11．句意：在过去的十年里，没有哪个欧洲国家的抗抑郁药使用增长如此之快；现在只有葡萄牙人和冰岛人服用更多的药物。根据"In the past decade no European country has seen a greater increase in the use of antidepressants(抗抑郁药); now only the Portuguese and Icelanders are popping more of the"以及句意"药物"可知应用复数名词pills，作宾语。故选H。
12．句意：英国人可能比他们的邻居更不快乐，原因有以下几点。根据下文"One global poll found that teenagers in Britain were some of the loneliest in the world, with few supportive relationships and a low sense of purpose and meaning: all risk factors for poor mental health."一项全球民意调查发现，英国青少年是世界上最孤独的人群之一，他们几乎没有支持性的人际关系，目标感和意义感也很低：这些都是导致心理健康状况不佳的风险因素；以及句意"邻居"可知应用复数名词neighbors，故选F。
13．句意：例如，英国最贫穷的家庭也比法国和德国的同等家庭更贫穷，这使得他们更容易受到焦虑和抑郁等状况的影响。根据空后"off than their equivalents in France and Germany, for example, which makes them more vulnerable to conditions such as anxiety and depression"以及句意"更加贫穷"可知应用短语为worse off"更贫穷"，故选K。
14．句意：而且英国的医疗系统似乎比大多数其他富裕国家的医疗系统负担过重。根据下文"In England alone, some 3.8 m are waiting for mental-health treatment."仅在英格兰，就有380万人在等待心理健康治疗；以及句意"负担过重"可知应用形容词overburdened，作表语。故选G。
15．句意：这些因素或许可以解释为什么越来越多的人开始求助于药物治疗。根据空后"to medication"以及句意"求助于"可知短语为turn to，根据上文are可知为现在进行时。故选J。
16．句意：这很难说是一件好事。根据下文" A reduction in humiliation (蒙羞) has encouraged more people to seek help. Taking antidepressants – or using mental-health services — has become much more acceptable." 羞辱的减少鼓励了更多的人寻求帮助。服用抗抑郁药——或者使用心理健康服务——已经变得更容易被接受了；以及句意"很难"可知应用副词hardly，故选E。
17．句意：但正如《经济学人》最近报道的那样，这种做法也有不利之处。根据下文"Surveys suggest that Britons are increasingly re-labeling common human emotions, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses."调查显示，英国人越来越多地将压力和悲伤等人类常见情绪重新定义为精神疾病；以及句意"不利之处"可知应用名词downside，作主语，结合不定冠词，应用单数名词。故选D。
18．句意：调查显示，英国人越来越多地将压力和悲伤等人类常见情绪重新定义为精神疾病。根据空后"common human emotions, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses"以及句意"重新定义为"可知应用动词re-label，根据空前are可知为现在进行时。故选I。
19．句意："如果你开始把它应用到30%到50%的人身上，你就会对什么是精神疾病失去任何概念，"阿德里安·梅西说，他是一本名为《病态笔记英国》的书的作者。根据空后"it to 30%, 50% of the population"以及句意"应用"可知应用动词apply，此处为不定式作宾语。故选A。
20．句意：造成这种情况的原因尚不清楚，但似乎涉及遗传和环境因素的复杂相互作用。根据"interplay of genetic and environmental factors"以及句意"复杂"可知应用形容词complicated，作定语修饰名词interplay。故选C。
【答案】21．C；22．B；23．A；24．A；25．D；26．C；27．A；28．D；29．D；30．C；31．B；32．B；33．D；34．A；35．D
【知识点】新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了世界必须采取措施来控制甲烷。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，介词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：在20年的时间里，它的加热能力是二氧化碳的80倍以上，并且对今天近45%的变暖负有责任。A. powerful"有力的"；B. noticeable"显而易见的"；C. responsible"负责任的"；D. possible "可能的"。根据空前"Over 20 years it has over 80 times the planet-cooking power of carbon dioxide"可知，甲烷对今天近45%的变暖负有责任。故选C。
22．句意：作为天然气的主要组成部分，能源行业是人为甲烷排放的主要来源。 A. cause"原因"；B. ingredient"成分"；C. agent"代理人"；D. consequence"结果"。根据空后"of natural gas, much of man-made emissions comes from the energy industry"及常识可知，天然气的主要组成是甲烷。故选B。
23．句意：然而，甲烷的寿命较短，因此控制甲烷排放成为全球迅速应对气候变化的最佳途径。A. quick "快速的"；B. economic"经济的"；C. original"原始的"；D. national"国家的"。根据空前"Yet because it is short-lived, controlling methane offers the world its best possible chance"可知，控制甲烷排放成为全球迅速应对气候变化的最佳途径。故选A。
24．句意：随着联合国气候峰会（COP28）在迪拜的召开，有关甲烷的协议达成的可能性很大，这是一个令人鼓舞的迹象。 A. under way"进行中"；B. in the making"正在形成中"；C. on board"在船上"；D. to the point"切题"。根据空前"As COP28, the UN's climate summit"可知，联合国气候峰会（COP28）在迪拜的召开。故选A。
25．句意：谈判者必须把握这一难得的机会。 A. stare"盯着"；B. point"指向"；C. come"来"；D. leap"赶紧抓住（机会）"。根据上文"the chances of such a deal on methane are good"可知，机会难得，要抓住。leap at固定短语，"迅速抓住（机会、机遇等）"。故选D。
26．句意：美国即将完成旨在减少其庞大石油和天然气行业甲烷排放的规定，包括对泄漏的管道和储存设施的控制措施。A. increase"增加"；B. stabilize"稳固"；C. reduce"减少"；D. balance"平衡"。根据空后"including measures that cover leaky pipelines and storage"可知，美国即将完成旨在减少其庞大石油和天然气行业甲烷排放的规定。故选C。
27．句意：同时，欧盟也制定了严格的甲烷标准，覆盖国内和进口化石燃料。 A. imported"进口的"；B. localized"局部的"；C. exported"出口的"；D. globalized"使全球化的"。根据空前"domestic sources"可知，与国内相对应的是进口燃料。故选A。
28．句意：创新技术的应用也在起到作用。 A. Revolutions"革命"；B. Evolutions"进化"；C. Resolutions"决议"；D. Innovations"创新"。根据下文"A range of new technologies"可知，创新技术也起了作用。故选D。
29．句意：一系列监测甲烷的新技术将有助于发现能源工业的大型排放源。A. create"创造"；B. activate"激活"；C. decrease"减少"；D. spot"发现"。根据空前"monitoring methane"可知，测甲烷的新技术将有助于发现能源工业的大型排放源。故选D。
30．句意：由于石油和天然气公司可以销售甲烷（而非浪费性地燃烧或排放），许多减排投资能够自负盈亏。A. disasters"灾难"；B. delays"拖延"；C. emissions"排放"；D. examinations"考试"。根据空前"releasing it"可知，许多减排投资能够自负盈亏。故选C。
31．句意：不管原因如何，他们对无谓加剧全球变暖的行为并未受到惩罚。A. loss"丢失"；B. punishment"惩罚"；C. abuse"虐待"；D. defeat"打败"。根据上文"Most firms do not invest because of the trouble, higher returns on other projects, or wells' distance from consumers."可知，他们没有受到惩罚。故选B。
32．句意：因此，要确保全球甲烷协议不仅仅是表面的环保措施，它必须具备严谨性。A. however"然而"；B. therefore"因此"；C. further"进一步"；D. once"曾经"。根据句意可知，前后句为因果关系。故选B。
33．句意：甲烷控制似乎在两年前的格拉斯哥联合国气候峰会上开始起步，当时谈判代表们吵吵嚷嚷地提出了到2030年将排放量减少30%的建议。 A. pay off"回报"；B. make out"弄清楚"；C. run out"耗尽"；D. take off"起飞，脱下"。根据下文"when negotiators 14 came up with a proposal to cut emissions by 30% by 2030."可知，甲烷控制似乎在两年前的格拉斯哥联合国气候峰会上开始起步。故选D。
34．句意：甲烷控制似乎在两年前的格拉斯哥联合国气候峰会上开始起步，当时谈判代表们吵吵嚷嚷地提出了到2030年将排放量减少30%的建议。A. noisily"吵闹地"；B. admittedly"不可否认地"；C. reluctantly"勉强地"；D. accidentally "意外地"。联合国气候峰会来自不同的国家，国情完全不同，所以达成一致较为困难，无所以是吵吵嚷嚷地提出了到2030年将排放量减少30%的建议。故选A项。
35．句意：然而，该协议是自愿的，没有执行机制；自那以后排放量增加了。A. declined"拒绝"；B. disappeared "消失"；C. swung"摆动"；D. risen"上涨"。根据上文"had no enforcementmechanisms(机制)"可知，缺乏执行机制导致放量反而有所上升。故选D。
【答案】36．A
37．C
38．D
39．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；自然地理类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国缅因州海岸线的地质特点和形成原因，着重描述了其中一个最大的岛屿——Mt. Desert岛。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇地理类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
36．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline."这种不规则性是被称为溺水海岸的结果；" At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier declined, however, it applied enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea."那时，现在是缅因州的整个地区是一座高耸在海面之上的山脉的一部分。然而，随着冰川消退，它对那些山脉施加了巨大的力量，它们沉入了海中；以及第二段中的"And the highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands."而最靠近海岸的原山脉的最高部分则保留为岛屿。可知，缅因州海岸线的不规则性是通过"淹没的海岸线"形成的，这是冰川活动造成的结果。冰川退却时，山脉的部分沉入海底，留下高耸的部分成为岛屿。因此，许多小岛的形成是由于海岸线被淹没的结果。故选A。
37．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land."随着山脉的沉没，海洋水charged了剩余陆地的最低部分。可知，随着山脉的沉没，海洋水涌入淹没了剩余陆地的最低部分，可推知划线词charged意思是"淹没、（水）冲向某个特定的地方"，故选C。
38．考查段落大意。根据第四段中的"But the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Since the island sits on the border between two different geographical zones, the park supports the plants and animals of both zones."但岛上最好的部分是被称为阿卡迪亚国家公园的未受破坏的森林土地。由于该岛位于两个不同地理区域的交界处，公园支持着这两个区域的植物和动物)"可知，本段主要介绍该岛具有极其丰富的动植物多样性。故选D。
39．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Mt. Desert was very nearly formed as two distinct islands. It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a very deep and very narrow stretch of water seven miles long."巴港岛几乎形成了两个明显不同的岛屿。它几乎被索姆斯海峡一分为二，这是一条非常深且非常狭窄的七英里长的水域。可知，岛屿被一段7英里的水域隔开。故选C。
【答案】40．D
41．C
42．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Strojnik博士对直接探测系外行星等同于直接成像的观念提出了挑战。虽然她承认将行星的光从恒星中分离出来是一项重大成就，但她认为，仅仅是一个亮点并不能构成系外行星的真实图像。从她作为光学科学家的角度来看，系外行星天文学中的"直接成像"一词可能会产生误导，因为它涉及到广泛的处理和理论建模，以区分行星的光线。Strojnik强调了直接探测和真实成像之间的区别，认为将亮点解释为行星需要主观的解释，而不是清晰的视觉证据。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
40．考查细节理解。根据第二栏中的"Exoplanet researchers routinely call videos such as the one below of 51 Eridani b ‘direct images' because the planet's light has been separated from that of its star. ‘Directly imaged' is the standard language of exoplanet astronomy. But to an optical (光学的) scientist such as myself, there is a strong distinction between direct detection (the planet's light separated from the light of its sta) and direct imaging (a proven picture of the exoplanet)."系外行星研究人员通常将51 Eridani b的视频称为"直接图像"，因为这颗行星的光线已经与它的恒星分开了。"直接成像"是系外行星天文学的标准语言。但对于像我这样的光学科学家来说，直接探测（行星的光与恒星的光分离）和直接成像（已证实的系外行星的照片）之间有很大的区别；以及"Indeed, even the word ‘direct' in direct detection is debatable from an optical researcher's point of view."事实上，从光学研究人员的角度来看，甚至直接探测中的"直接"这个词都是有争议的。可知，"直接成像"一词的使用是Marija Strojnik和Gerard Kriss之间的主要分歧。故选D。
41．考查细节理解。根据第二栏中的"But the interpretation of a bright spot as a planet is only possible upon visual inspection and optimistic thinking. As an optical scientist, I cannot look at a single spot and call it an image of exoplanets."但是，只有通过肉眼观察和乐观的思考，才能将亮点解释为行星。作为一名光学科学家，我不能只看一个点就把它称为系外行星的图像。可知，对于将一个亮点解释为系外行星，Strojnik博士认为只有通过视觉观察和积极的假设才有可能。故选C。
42．考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，讲述了Strojnik博士对直接探测系外行星等同于直接成像的观念提出了挑战。虽然她承认将行星的光从恒星中分离出来是一项重大成就，但她认为，仅仅是一个亮点并不能构成系外行星的真实图像。从她作为光学科学家的角度来看，系外行星天文学中的"直接成像"一词可能会产生误导，因为它涉及到广泛的处理和理论建模，以区分行星的光线。Strojnik强调了直接探测和真实成像之间的区别，认为将亮点解释为行星需要主观的解释，而不是清晰的视觉证据。可知，这是一篇关于研究天文学类的文章，可推知，这两份信可能出现在科学杂志上。故选D。
【答案】43．B
44．C
45．A
46．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大脑如何创造意识、情绪及自我认知等心理活动的现代理解与研究进展。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
43．考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的"Today, however, powerful new techniques for visualizing the sources of thought, emotion, behavior, and memory are transforming the way we understand the brain and the mind it creates."然而，如今，用于可视化思维、情感、行为及记忆源头的强大新技术正在彻底改变我们对大脑及其创造的心智的理解；以及最后一段中的"For centuries, people have studied the brain, but it is only in recent years that we have really started to learn how it works."几个世纪以来，人们一直在研究大脑，但直到最近几年，我们才真正开始了解它是如何工作的。可知，本文探讨了大脑如何创造意识以及我们如何控制情绪，"心智是如何工作的"能概括文章主题。故选B。
44．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"Now we know that the mind is a product of the brain, but how exactly does this 1.5-kilo piece of matter create a mind that allows you to think about yourself, experience happiness and anger, or remember events that happened 20 minutes or 20 years ago "现在我们已经知道，心智是大脑的产物，但这个重约1.5公斤的物质究竟是如何创造出一个能让你思考自我、体验快乐与愤怒，或是回忆起20分钟乃至20年前事件的心智呢？。可知，作者在开头提到古埃及人处理大脑的方式是为了展示历史上人们对于大脑的误解，以此引出后文对大脑功能的现代理解，引入关于大脑如何创造意识的讨论。故选C。
45．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Before this area began to function (around age two), you didn't understand that you were a separate individual with your own identity. As this part of your brain developed, you became more aware of yourself and your thoughts and feelings."在这一区域开始发挥作用之前(大约两岁左右)，你并不理解自己是一个拥有独立身份的个体。随着大脑这一部分的发展，你变得对自己、自己的思想和情感更加有意识。可知，自我意识是在两岁左右开始发展的，而不是之前，"自我意识在两岁之前就发展起来了。"是错误的。故选A。
46．考查推理判断。根据第五段中的"Though humans may share certain emotions and recognize them in others, we don't all have the same emotional response to every situation. In fact, most emotional responses are learned and stored in our memories."尽管人类可能共有一些情感，并能在他人身上识别它们，但我们并非对每种情境都有相同的情感反应。事实上，大多数情感反应都是习得的，并存储在我们的记忆中；以及"Once an emotional association like this is made, it is very difficult to reverse it. ‘Emotion is the least flexible part of the brain,' says psychologist Paul Ekman. "一旦形成这样的情感联系，就很难逆转。"情感是大脑中最不灵活的部分，"心理学家保罗·埃克曼说)"可知，情绪反应大多源于个人经历并存储于记忆中，且一旦形成很难改变，说明情绪在个体间可能因个人经历而有所不同，且具有相对不灵活性。故选C。
【答案】47．F；48．E；49．A；50．D
【知识点】说明文；社会现象类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了慈善资本主义的弊端，以及新的一代的慈善家是如何进行慈善事业的。
【点评】考查六选四，本文是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
47．根据空前"InThe Gilded Age, industrialists such as Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller worried about waste and misuse; Carnegie wrote in 1889 that $950 of every $1,000 that went to charity was ‘unwisely spent'."在镀金时代，Andrew Carnegie和John D. Rockefeller等实业家担心浪费和滥用；Carnegie在1889年写道，捐赠给慈善机构的每1000美元中，有950美元"花得不明智"。提到担心浪费和滥用捐赠的钱；以及空后"Donors ran lengthy application processes, provided funds and fulfilled painstaking reporting requirements."捐助者进行了漫长的申请程序，提供资金并完成了繁琐的报告要求。提到提供资金并完成繁琐的报告要求。 F. Around the turn of the millennium donors looked to data and rules as a way to stop waste. "在千禧年前后，捐赠者希望通过数据和规则来阻止浪费。"承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
48．根据空后"The 400 richest Americans have given away just 6% of their combined fortunes, according to Forbes."根据福布斯的数据，美国最富有的400人只捐出了他们财富总额的6%。提到最富有的400人只捐出了他们财富总额的6%。E. Two decades on, however, it's become clear that all this paperwork puts the brakes on giving."然而，二十年过去了，很明显，所有这些文书工作都阻碍了捐赠。"引起下文，下文是对此处内容的具体说明，故选E。
49．根据空前"This ‘no-strings giving' is changing mega-donors' long-held assumptions."这种"无条件捐赠"正在改变巨额捐赠者长期以来的假设。提到无条件捐赠这个概念。 A. It offers lessons for those struggling to get money out of the door. "它为那些挣扎着把钱带出家门的人提供了教训。"可知，承接上文，是上文内容的语意递进，符合语境，故选A。
50．根据空前"One is the recognition that philanthropists do not have to do everything themselves."其一是认识到慈善家不必事事亲力亲为。提到慈善家不必事事亲力亲为；以及空后"An upside of a decades-long trend for businesslike philanthropy is that armies of consultants have emerged to help donors draw up a strategy and conduct due diligence on potential recipients."商业慈善事业几十年来的趋势的一个好处是，顾问大军已经出现，帮助捐赠者制定战略，并对潜在的接受者进行尽职调查。 D. Mega-donors no longer need to endure the trouble of setting up a foundation and hiring staff. "超级捐赠者不再需要忍受设立基金会和雇佣员工的麻烦。"承上启下，符合语境。故选D。
51．【答案】The trend of nuclear families is increasing in China, with fewer generations living together under one roof. However, this trend also leads to challenges in child care, as parents have less time to spend with their children. Solutions such as involving grandparents, community volunteers, and government support are suggested to address these challenges.
【知识点】文字式说明文；概要写作
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇概要写作。写作步骤：
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章介绍了在中国，核心家庭的趋势正在增加，越来越少的几代人住在一个屋檐下。然而，这一趋势也带来了儿童保育方面的挑战，因为父母花在孩子身上的时间越来越少。解决这些挑战的方法包括祖父母、社区志愿者和政府支持。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：The trend of nuclear families is increasing in China, with fewer generations living together under one roof. 运用了with的复合结构；However, this trend also leads to challenges in child care, as parents have less time to spend with their children. 运用了原因状语从句；Solutions such as
involving grandparents, community volunteers, and government support are suggested to address these challenges.运用了被动语态。
52．【答案】School meals should also be marketed to children in the same way as other foods.
【知识点】动词的语态；固定短语；情态动词的基本用法；汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，主语"校餐"应用名词短语School meals；"被推销给"应用动词短语be marketed to；"孩子们"应用复数名词children；"以同样的方式"应为介词短语in the same way；"和其他食物一样"应为介词短语as other foods。故答案为：School meals should also be marketed to children in the same way as other foods.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及含有情态动词的被动语态，以及固定短语be marketed to和in the same way。
53．【答案】In order to cultivate students' authentic accent, the university plans to hire a handful of English teachers from abroad.
【知识点】固定短语；一般现在时；汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，"为了做某事"应用固定短语in order to do；"培养"应用动词cultivate；"学生地道的口音"应用名词短语students' authentic accent；"该大学"用名词the university；"计划做某事"应用动词短语plan to do；"聘请"应用动词hire；"一些英文老师"应用名词短语a handful of English teachers；结合句意可知，该句应为一般现在时。故答案为：In order to cultivate students' authentic accent, the university plans to hire a handful of English teachers from abroad.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般现在时以及固定短语in order to do和plan to do。
54．【答案】Working with this universally renowned architect was an unforgettable experience, undoubtedly a highlight of my career thus far.
【知识点】动名词；一般过去时；汉译英
【解析】【分析】本句描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语中的"与……一起工作"用动名词短语working with，"这位家喻户晓的建筑师"应用this universally renowned architect，二者一起工作"作句子主语，用动名词短语形式working with this universally renowned architect，作主语置于句首，首字母大写；系动词"是"应用过去式，且动名词短语作主语，应用第三人称单数was，表语"一次难忘的经历"应用an unforgettable experience，同位语"我职业生涯的一个亮点"应用a highlight of my career，副词"无疑，必定"应用undoubtedly，作状语，"迄今为止"用thus far。故答案为Working with this universally renowned architect was an unforgettable experience, undoubtedly a highlight of my career thus far.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及动名词短语作主语，一般过去时。
55．【答案】The Chairman not only focuses on building a strong country in science and technology but also calls on people to strengthen the construction of science and technology innovation parks and to promote the development of green manufacturing.
【知识点】固定短语；一般现在时；并列句；汉译英
【解析】【分析】此句陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时。"不仅……还……"应用固定短语not only... but also.....，其中第一个分句中，主语是"主席"，应用名词chairman，谓语"致力于打造"，应用动词短语focus on building，"科技强国"是宾语，应用a strong country in science and technology；第二个分句中，主语仍然是"主席"，谓语"号召"，按照题目要求，应用动词短语call on sb. to do。"科技创新园区"应用the construction of science and technology innovation parks。"并推动……"是一个并列分句，和call on sb. to do进行并列，"绿色制造业"应用green manufacturing。故答案为The Chairman not only focuses on building a strong country in science and technology but also calls on people to strengthen the construction of science and technology innovation parks and to promote the development of green manufacturing.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及not only...but also...并列句，一般现在时以及固定短语call on sb. to do。
56．【答案】English Sidelights and Me
I have been an avid reader of English Sidelights since the day my teacher recommended it to me. I remember that the first time I picked up a copy of the paper, I was struck by the quality of the writing and the depth of the coverage. Since then, I have made it a habit to read it every day.
One of my favorite sections is the Opinion. I appreciate the diverse range of views and perspectives presented in this section. The editorials are well-researched and thought-provoking, and the guest commentaries offer fresh insights into a variety of issues.
I expect the paper to stay true to its core values and to continue to provide readers with high-quality reporting and analysis. On this special occasion of the 10th anniversary of English Sidelights, I hope the paper will thrive and grow in the years ahead.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以明启中学的学生吴磊的身份 写一篇文章投稿 。写作背景： 你校英文报《英语拾零》（English Sidelights）正庆祝创刊十周年 。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：● 读报的经历；● 喜爱的栏目；● 期望和祝福。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：I have been an avid reader of English Sidelights since the day my teacher recommended it to me. 运用了限制性定语从句；I remember that the first time I picked up a copy of the paper, I was struck by the quality of the writing and the depth of the coverage. 运用了宾语从句，时间状语从句；Since then, I have made it a habit to read it every day.运用了it作形式宾语；The editorials are well-researched and thought-provoking, and the guest commentaries offer fresh insights into a variety of issues.运用了被动语态； On this special occasion of the 10th anniversary of English Sidelights, I hope the paper will thrive and grow in the years ahead.运用了宾语从句。
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