人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement 考点清单学案（含答案）
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Unit 1 People of Achievement考点清单
学习目标整合
language competence To improve listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities; To learn and understand some new word and expressions; To study and master the structure and usage of non-restrictive attributive clause; To learn the structure and language features of an introduction about someone you admire.
cultural awareness To understand the life story and achievements of famous people at home and abroad, such as Tu Youyou, Albert Einstein and so on; To feel the spiritual power and the meaning of greatness; To get persistent beliefs and resilient willpower in science; To be aware of the impact of medical breakthroughs on global health; To keep a positive attitude towards difficulties in life; To cultivate cultural awareness and enhance cultural confidence.
thinking quality To understand and analyze the structure of the passage; To infer the meaning of words and expressions in the passage; To identify and analyze the grammar rules of non-restrictive attributive clause; To improve independent thinking and problem-solving skills; To improve critical thinking and creative thinking.
learning ability To master effective learning methods and develop good study habits; To improve independent learning, cooperative learning and inquiry-based learning abilities; To improve learning strategies, such as effective note-taking; To learn some communication strategies, such as clarification and paraphrasing; To enhance cooperation ability by working together with partners.
思维导图回顾知识
重难知识易混易错
定语从句
一、定语从句的定义
用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词（antecedent）。定语从句一般是由关系代词或关系副词来引导的。相当于名词和形容词的作用。
They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease.
二、关系代词和关系副词的作用
1. 引导作用
2. 替代作用
3. 在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用
Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive.
三、定语从句的类型
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
意义上 从句与主句关系紧凑，从句对先行词起修饰限定作用，缺少从句会影响句意的完整 从句与主句的关系相对松散，从句对先行词或主句起补充说明作用，去掉不影响句意的完整
功能上 修饰先行词 修饰先行词或整个句子
结构上 1. 主句与从句之间不用逗号 2. 关系词作从句的宾语可省略 3. 可用that 引导 1. 主句与从句之间多用逗号隔开 2. 关系词作从句的宾语不可省略 3. 不能用that引导
四、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
1. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
关系代词which, who, whom, whose, as
关系副词when, where
Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.
水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。
He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.
他将把野餐推迟到5月1日，那时他将有空。
2. 关系词在句中所作的成分：
关系代词：主语、宾语、表语、定语
关系副词：状语
The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.
这个男孩，他的爸爸是一位工程师，学习很努力。
Once more I am in Boston, where I have not been for years.
我再次来到波士顿，我多年没来了。
3. 非限制性定语从句中关系词的用法
（1）who, whom, whose引导的非限制性定语从句
① 关系代词who, whom引导的非限制性定语从句修饰人
② 关系代词who在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语；whom作宾语；介词后用whom，不用who
Our guide, who was a French Canadian, was an excellent cook.
我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长烹调。
Mr Smith, from whom I have learned a lot, is a famous scientist.
史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了很多东西。
③ whose作定语，先行词是人时，whose + n.相当于the + n. + of whom。先行词是物时，whose + n.相当于the + n. + of which
The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
桌子上的书是我们的奖品，书的封皮很亮。
（2）which, as的用法
① 两者在定语从句中作主语或宾语
Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.
水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。
Our country has sent up another man-made earth satellite, as is reported in the papers.
报纸上报道，我国又发射了一颗人造地球卫星。
② as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
as which
指代 引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容 引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容，又可指代主句的一部分
位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引导的从句不能位于主句之前
意义 正如 这，那
（3）when, where的用法
① 关系副词when在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，指代主句中表示时间的词语
② 关系副词where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，指代主句中表示地点的词语
③ when/ where有时可以换成“介词+which”
We'll put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.
我们打算把在公园里的这次野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能会更好。
Opposite is St. Paul's Church, where you can hear some lovely music.
对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你能听到好听的音乐。
I left on Sunday, when/ on which everyone was at home.
我星期日离开的，当时人人都在家。
（4）介词+ 关系代词引导的定语从句
在“介词+关系代词”中，关系代词用whom指人，用which指物。
He worked in a car factory for four years, after which he founded his own company in his hometown.
他在一家汽车厂工作了4年，之后在他的家乡建立了自己的公司。
We are short of two people, without whom we will need three more days to finish the work.
我们缺少两个人，没有他们，我们还需要三天的时间来完成这项工作。
五、使用非限制性定语从句的注意事项
1. that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
在非限制性定语从句中，用who，whom指人，用which指物
She was very fond of speaking French, which indeed she spoke wel1.
她很喜欢讲法语，而且讲得确实很好。
2. 当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词、指示代词修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。
They went to London, where they lived for six months.
他们去了伦敦，在那儿住了六个月。
3. 非限制性定语从句可以补充说明整个主句。
In the presence of so many people he was a little tense, which was understandable.
在那么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。
4. 非限制性定语从句表原因时，不用why引导，而用for which代替why
I had told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the meeting.
我已经告诉了他们我没有参加会议的原因。
练习：
1. Despite _______ (have) difficulties, he managed to communicate with foreigners by gesture.
2. The students benefiting most from college are those who are totally engaged in _____ (academy) life.
3. __________ (apparent), blindly following others' advice will affect our own judgment.
4. __________ (evaluate) of this new treatment cannot take place until all the data has been collected.
5. North American pioneers were thought __________ (develop) folk medicine by studying the plants sick animals fed on.
6. I would rather __________ (defeat) than give up, because I will learn a lesson from failure.
7. The painting which we bought from the museum got __________ (damage) while we were moving.
8. We're often told not to draw a________ (conclude) until we have carried out lots of scientific experiments.
9. Many people have been injured in the fire so far, five of ________have been taken to hospital.
10. Humans have entered the era of AI, ________robots are used in ordinary life, bringing great convenience to people.
答案：
1.答案： having
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管有困难,但他还是设法用手势与外国人交流。despite是介词,后接动词时要用动词-ing形式。
2.答案：academic
解析：句意为:从大学中受益最多的学生是那些全身心投入学术生活的人。设空处作定语,修饰life,表示“学术的”,应用形容词形式。故填academic。
3.答案：Apparently
解析：考查副词。句意:显然,盲目地听从别人的建议会影响我们自己的判断。空处修饰整个句子,要用副词形式。
4.答案：Evaluation(s)
解析：考查名词。句意:直到收集到所有的数据,(我们)才能评估这种新的疗法。空处作主语,应用名词形式。evaluation 既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词,且空前没有限定词,故填 Evaluation(s)。
5.答案：to have developed
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:人们认为北美的先驱者是通过研究生病的动物食用的植物来发展民间医学的。Sb./Sth.be thought to do sth.意为"人们认为某人某物做……".为固定句型,空处应用不定式形式,再根据句意可知, develop所表示的动作发生在were thought 所表示的动作之前,所以空处应用不定式的完成式。故填 to have developed。
6.答案：be defeated
解析：考查固定用法及语态。句意:我宁愿被打败,也不愿放弃,因为我将从失败中心取教训。would rather do sth, than do sth.意为"宁愿做某事而不愿做某事",为固定用法。结合句意可知,I和 defeat 之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填 be defeated。
7.答案：damaged
解析：考查"get+过去分词"结构。句意:我们从博物馆买来的那幅画在我们搬家的时候损坏了。根据句意和空前的got可知,此处考查"get + 过去分词"结构。该结构表示被动含义,一般指动作的结果而非动作本身。
8.答案：conclusion
解析：考查名词。句意:我们经常被告知在进行大量科学实验之前不要下结论。draw a conclusion是固定短语,表示"得出结论"。
9.答案：whom
解析：考查定语从句。句意:到目前为止许多人在火灾中受伤,其中五人已经被送往医院。分析句子结构可知,"five of_______"在句中引导非限制性定语从句,空处指代先行词Many people,且在非限制性定语从句中作宾语,所以填whom。
10.答案：when
解析：考查定语从句。句意:人类已经进入人工智能时代,(在这个时代)机器人被用于日常生活中,给人们带来了极大的便利。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代先行词 the era of AI,且在从句中作时间状语,故填 when。
核心素养对接高考
一、阅读理解
Many artists have a signature(鲜明特色)style, as unique and identifiable as a fingerprint. For Amoako Boafo, who often paints with his fingers, this seems doubly true. His distinctive paint strokes(笔画) combine the complex skin tones of his chosen subjects, many of whom are, like him, Africans with global life experiences.
Boafo, whose first solo museum exhibition was held at the Seattle Art Museum, was born and raised in Accra, Chana, and moved to Vienna, Austria in 2014, where he ran into difficulties, with gallerists unwilling to show his works due to his focus on black figures. He continued making an effort to create self. portraits(自画像 ) and portraits of people he knew or admired—African people and black people who had African ancestry during times of hardship. He also developed his standout approach to figurative painting, which combines areas of bright and noticeable color with his finger painting.
He began posting his art online and caught the attention of artists like Kehinde Wiley, the celebrated American artist. The word started to spread.
Boafo is now a global art star, with numerous shows at galleries and art fairs, working with fashion house Dior, and his several paintings sold for over a million dollars. In 2021, with three of his paintings launched into space by Blue Origin, Jeff Bezos' Kent-based spaceflight company, you might even say Boafo has rocketed to success.
And yet a recent phone conversation with the artist from his studio in Accra, which is once again his home base, revealed a well-mannered person who appreciated his success while pointing out all of the "luck and preparation" that led to it. Seeing so many of his paintings—created from 2016 to 2022—gathered together in an exhibition has helped him remember that "My success did not 'just happen'. I did not expect this success but I was hopeful and ready for it. "
1. What makes Boafo's paintings different from other artists' works
A. His finger strokes. B. His home country.
C. His life experiences. D. His traditional style.
2. How did Boafo deal with the difficult situation in Austria
A. By turning to famous artists for help.
B. By developing a unique painting style.
C. By organizing his art exhibition at home.
D. By working with local art galleries.
3. What is the author's purpose in mentioning the spaceflight company
A. To indicate the price of space travel.
B. To show the value of Boafo's works.
C. To introduce an international brand.
D. To tell us the advances in technology.
4. Which of the following best describes Boafo
A. Talkative. B. Patient. C. Determined. D. Humorous.
二、七选五
Florence Nightingale was named after her birthplace, Florence, Italy. When she was almost one year old, she returned with her family to England.
Florence often helped her mother deliver(运送) food to the poor and sick. ①_________ Her family were shocked because nursing was not a respected profession.
But Florence was determined. She studied books on medicine. Later, she visited hospitals in France, Germany and Ireland and learnt everything she could. ②_________
In 1854, Britain was at war with Russia. Florence went to the British hospital in Scutari (now sküdar in Istanbul) and she was shocked. The hospital left men lying on the floor, and rats were running everywhere. ③_________ Many soldiers died before receiving help.
The doctors wouldn't listen to Florence because they didn't like the idea of women in army hospitals— until one day 500 unexpected casualties(伤者) arrived. ④_________ Florence made changes, making sure the men were washed and their injuries were cared for. Every night she would check the patients with her lamp.
When she returned home after the war, a fund had been set up in her honour. Many of the soldiers she had made contributions(捐款). Now she could set up the Nightingale Training School in London.
After years of hard work, Florence Nightingale saw cleaner and more cheerful hospitals. ⑤_________ All of this was because of the "lady with the lamp".
A. Nursing became an honoured profession.
B. There was no running water and no heat.
C. She knew she had much to learn about nursing.
D. Florence saw the soldiers' health had improved.
E. As she grew older, she decided to become a nurse.
F. They soon realised that Florence could give a hand.
G. Upon returning home, she was an expert on hospital management.
三、书面表达
假定你是李华，你的澳大利亚笔友Jenny来信询问你最喜欢的科学家，请你根据下面的写作提示,给他写一封回信。内容包括：
1. 屠呦呦，1930年出生于浙江；
2.长期致力于研究疟疾(malaria)，因发现青霉素(artemisinin) 而荣获2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖；
3. 是第一位获得科学类诺贝尔奖的中国科学家。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一、阅读理解
1.答案：A
解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"For Amoako Boafo, who often paints with his fingers, this seems doubly true. His distinctive paint strokes(笔画)"可知,Boafo的作画方式别具一格，不用画笔,而用手指作画。故选A。
2.答案：B
解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"with gallerists unwilling to show his works…He continued making an effort to create self-portraits(自画像)... He also developed his standout approach to figurative painting"可知,在奥地利面对画廊的拒绝,Boafo 并未放弃绘画,而是坚持创作并形成自己独特的绘画风格。故选B。
3.答案：B
解析：考查推理判断。根据第四段中的" his several paintings sold for over a million dollars. In 2021, with three of his paintings launched into space…you might even say Boafo has rocketed to success"可推断,作者在此提及这个太空公司是为了说明 Boafo的绘画作品具有很高的价值。故选B。
4.答案：C
解析：考查推理判断。根据文章可知,在多家画廊不愿意展示他的作品时,Boafo继续努力创作,他还形成了自己的绘画风格;而且 Boafo的成功并非碰巧发生,他对此充满希望并做好了准备。由此可推断, Boafo 意志坚定。故选C。
二、七选五
答案：EGBFA
解析：文章介绍了弗洛伦斯经过多年的努力,使护理成了个令人尊敬的职业。
①根据下文 Her family were shocked because nursing was not a respected profession可知该空引出下文,E选项(随着弗洛伦斯慢慢长大,她决定要当一名护士)符合语境,故选E项。
②根据上文 Later, she visited hospitals in France, Germany and Ireland and learnt everything she could.可知,此处承接上文,G项(回到家乡后,弗洛伦斯已经成了医院管理方面的专家)符合语境。故选G项。
③根据空前的 The hospital left men lying on the floor, and rats were running everywhere.可知,此处继续描述医院的惨状,所以B选项(这里没有自来水,也没有暖气)符合语境。故选B项。
④根据第五段内容可知医生开始并不听弗洛伦斯的观点,但后来伤者增多了,人手不够,他们才改变了态度,所以F项(他们很快意识到弗洛伦斯能够帮忙)符合语境。故选F项。
⑤根据上一段末句中的 she could set up the Nightingale Training School in London以及该段中的 After years of hard work, Florence Nightingale saw cleaner and more cheerful hospitals.可知,此处承接上文,A项(护理成了一个令人尊敬的职业)符合语境。故选A项。
三、书面表达
答案：
Dear Jenny,
The scientist I admire most is Tu Youyou, who was born in 1930 in Zhejiang Province. She is well-known because she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015 for her great contributions to medicine.
Since graduating from university, she has devoted her time and energy to discovering a cure for malaria, a deadly disease in the past. After working hard with her co-workers for years, she finally found artemisinin, which has saved millions of lives around the world.
Tu Youyou is the first Chinese scientist to win the Nobel Prize for science. Her winning the reward shows that traditional Chinese medicine is of great value. She is such a great role model that I admire her most.
Yours,
Li Hua
学习目标整合
language competence To improve listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities; To learn and understand some new word and expressions; To study and master the structure and usage of non-restrictive attributive clause; To learn the structure and language features of an introduction about someone you admire.
cultural awareness To understand the life story and achievements of famous people at home and abroad, such as Tu Youyou, Albert Einstein and so on; To feel the spiritual power and the meaning of greatness; To get persistent beliefs and resilient willpower in science; To be aware of the impact of medical breakthroughs on global health; To keep a positive attitude towards difficulties in life; To cultivate cultural awareness and enhance cultural confidence.
thinking quality To understand and analyze the structure of the passage; To infer the meaning of words and expressions in the passage; To identify and analyze the grammar rules of non-restrictive attributive clause; To improve independent thinking and problem-solving skills; To improve critical thinking and creative thinking.
learning ability To master effective learning methods and develop good study habits; To improve independent learning, cooperative learning and inquiry-based learning abilities; To improve learning strategies, such as effective note-taking; To learn some communication strategies, such as clarification and paraphrasing; To enhance cooperation ability by working together with partners.
思维导图回顾知识
重难知识易混易错
定语从句
一、定语从句的定义
用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词（antecedent）。定语从句一般是由关系代词或关系副词来引导的。相当于名词和形容词的作用。
They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease.
二、关系代词和关系副词的作用
1. 引导作用
2. 替代作用
3. 在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用
Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive.
三、定语从句的类型
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
意义上 从句与主句关系紧凑，从句对先行词起修饰限定作用，缺少从句会影响句意的完整 从句与主句的关系相对松散，从句对先行词或主句起补充说明作用，去掉不影响句意的完整
功能上 修饰先行词 修饰先行词或整个句子
结构上 1. 主句与从句之间不用逗号 2. 关系词作从句的宾语可省略 3. 可用that 引导 1. 主句与从句之间多用逗号隔开 2. 关系词作从句的宾语不可省略 3. 不能用that引导
四、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
1. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
关系代词which, who, whom, whose, as
关系副词when, where
Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.
水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。
He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.
他将把野餐推迟到5月1日，那时他将有空。
2. 关系词在句中所作的成分：
关系代词：主语、宾语、表语、定语
关系副词：状语
The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.
这个男孩，他的爸爸是一位工程师，学习很努力。
Once more I am in Boston, where I have not been for years.
我再次来到波士顿，我多年没来了。
3. 非限制性定语从句中关系词的用法
（1）who, whom, whose引导的非限制性定语从句
① 关系代词who, whom引导的非限制性定语从句修饰人
② 关系代词who在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语；whom作宾语；介词后用whom，不用who
Our guide, who was a French Canadian, was an excellent cook.
我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长烹调。
Mr Smith, from whom I have learned a lot, is a famous scientist.
史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了很多东西。
③ whose作定语，先行词是人时，whose + n.相当于the + n. + of whom。先行词是物时，whose + n.相当于the + n. + of which
The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
桌子上的书是我们的奖品，书的封皮很亮。
（2）which, as的用法
① 两者在定语从句中作主语或宾语
Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.
水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。
Our country has sent up another man-made earth satellite, as is reported in the papers.
报纸上报道，我国又发射了一颗人造地球卫星。
② as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
as which
指代 引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容 引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容，又可指代主句的一部分
位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引导的从句不能位于主句之前
意义 正如 这，那
（3）when, where的用法
① 关系副词when在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，指代主句中表示时间的词语
② 关系副词where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，指代主句中表示地点的词语
③ when/ where有时可以换成“介词+which”
We'll put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.
我们打算把在公园里的这次野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能会更好。
Opposite is St. Paul's Church, where you can hear some lovely music.
对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你能听到好听的音乐。
I left on Sunday, when/ on which everyone was at home.
我星期日离开的，当时人人都在家。
（4）介词+ 关系代词引导的定语从句
在“介词+关系代词”中，关系代词用whom指人，用which指物。
He worked in a car factory for four years, after which he founded his own company in his hometown.
他在一家汽车厂工作了4年，之后在他的家乡建立了自己的公司。
We are short of two people, without whom we will need three more days to finish the work.
我们缺少两个人，没有他们，我们还需要三天的时间来完成这项工作。
五、使用非限制性定语从句的注意事项
1. that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
在非限制性定语从句中，用who，whom指人，用which指物
She was very fond of speaking French, which indeed she spoke wel1.
她很喜欢讲法语，而且讲得确实很好。
2. 当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词、指示代词修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。
They went to London, where they lived for six months.
他们去了伦敦，在那儿住了六个月。
3. 非限制性定语从句可以补充说明整个主句。
In the presence of so many people he was a little tense, which was understandable.
在那么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。
4. 非限制性定语从句表原因时，不用why引导，而用for which代替why
I had told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the meeting.
我已经告诉了他们我没有参加会议的原因。
练习：
1. Despite _______ (have) difficulties, he managed to communicate with foreigners by gesture.
2. The students benefiting most from college are those who are totally engaged in _____ (academy) life.
3. __________ (apparent), blindly following others' advice will affect our own judgment.
4. __________ (evaluate) of this new treatment cannot take place until all the data has been collected.
5. North American pioneers were thought __________ (develop) folk medicine by studying the plants sick animals fed on.
6. I would rather __________ (defeat) than give up, because I will learn a lesson from failure.
7. The painting which we bought from the museum got __________ (damage) while we were moving.
8. We're often told not to draw a________ (conclude) until we have carried out lots of scientific experiments.
9. Many people have been injured in the fire so far, five of ________have been taken to hospital.
10. Humans have entered the era of AI, ________robots are used in ordinary life, bringing great convenience to people.
答案：
1.答案： having
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管有困难,但他还是设法用手势与外国人交流。despite是介词,后接动词时要用动词-ing形式。
2.答案：academic
解析：句意为:从大学中受益最多的学生是那些全身心投入学术生活的人。设空处作定语,修饰life,表示“学术的”,应用形容词形式。故填academic。
3.答案：Apparently
解析：考查副词。句意:显然,盲目地听从别人的建议会影响我们自己的判断。空处修饰整个句子,要用副词形式。
4.答案：Evaluation(s)
解析：考查名词。句意:直到收集到所有的数据,(我们)才能评估这种新的疗法。空处作主语,应用名词形式。evaluation 既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词,且空前没有限定词,故填 Evaluation(s)。
5.答案：to have developed
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:人们认为北美的先驱者是通过研究生病的动物食用的植物来发展民间医学的。Sb./Sth.be thought to do sth.意为"人们认为某人某物做……".为固定句型,空处应用不定式形式,再根据句意可知, develop所表示的动作发生在were thought 所表示的动作之前,所以空处应用不定式的完成式。故填 to have developed。
6.答案：be defeated
解析：考查固定用法及语态。句意:我宁愿被打败,也不愿放弃,因为我将从失败中心取教训。would rather do sth, than do sth.意为"宁愿做某事而不愿做某事",为固定用法。结合句意可知,I和 defeat 之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填 be defeated。
7.答案：damaged
解析：考查"get+过去分词"结构。句意:我们从博物馆买来的那幅画在我们搬家的时候损坏了。根据句意和空前的got可知,此处考查"get + 过去分词"结构。该结构表示被动含义,一般指动作的结果而非动作本身。
8.答案：conclusion
解析：考查名词。句意:我们经常被告知在进行大量科学实验之前不要下结论。draw a conclusion是固定短语,表示"得出结论"。
9.答案：whom
解析：考查定语从句。句意:到目前为止许多人在火灾中受伤,其中五人已经被送往医院。分析句子结构可知,"five of_______"在句中引导非限制性定语从句,空处指代先行词Many people,且在非限制性定语从句中作宾语,所以填whom。
10.答案：when
解析：考查定语从句。句意:人类已经进入人工智能时代,(在这个时代)机器人被用于日常生活中,给人们带来了极大的便利。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代先行词 the era of AI,且在从句中作时间状语,故填 when。
核心素养对接高考
一、阅读理解
Many artists have a signature(鲜明特色)style, as unique and identifiable as a fingerprint. For Amoako Boafo, who often paints with his fingers, this seems doubly true. His distinctive paint strokes(笔画) combine the complex skin tones of his chosen subjects, many of whom are, like him, Africans with global life experiences.
Boafo, whose first solo museum exhibition was held at the Seattle Art Museum, was born and raised in Accra, Chana, and moved to Vienna, Austria in 2014, where he ran into difficulties, with gallerists unwilling to show his works due to his focus on black figures. He continued making an effort to create self. portraits(自画像 ) and portraits of people he knew or admired—African people and black people who had African ancestry during times of hardship. He also developed his standout approach to figurative painting, which combines areas of bright and noticeable color with his finger painting.
He began posting his art online and caught the attention of artists like Kehinde Wiley, the celebrated American artist. The word started to spread.
Boafo is now a global art star, with numerous shows at galleries and art fairs, working with fashion house Dior, and his several paintings sold for over a million dollars. In 2021, with three of his paintings launched into space by Blue Origin, Jeff Bezos' Kent-based spaceflight company, you might even say Boafo has rocketed to success.
And yet a recent phone conversation with the artist from his studio in Accra, which is once again his home base, revealed a well-mannered person who appreciated his success while pointing out all of the "luck and preparation" that led to it. Seeing so many of his paintings—created from 2016 to 2022—gathered together in an exhibition has helped him remember that "My success did not 'just happen'. I did not expect this success but I was hopeful and ready for it. "
1. What makes Boafo's paintings different from other artists' works
A. His finger strokes. B. His home country.
C. His life experiences. D. His traditional style.
2. How did Boafo deal with the difficult situation in Austria
A. By turning to famous artists for help.
B. By developing a unique painting style.
C. By organizing his art exhibition at home.
D. By working with local art galleries.
3. What is the author's purpose in mentioning the spaceflight company
A. To indicate the price of space travel.
B. To show the value of Boafo's works.
C. To introduce an international brand.
D. To tell us the advances in technology.
4. Which of the following best describes Boafo
A. Talkative. B. Patient. C. Determined. D. Humorous.
二、七选五
Florence Nightingale was named after her birthplace, Florence, Italy. When she was almost one year old, she returned with her family to England.
Florence often helped her mother deliver(运送) food to the poor and sick. ①_________ Her family were shocked because nursing was not a respected profession.
But Florence was determined. She studied books on medicine. Later, she visited hospitals in France, Germany and Ireland and learnt everything she could. ②_________
In 1854, Britain was at war with Russia. Florence went to the British hospital in Scutari (now sküdar in Istanbul) and she was shocked. The hospital left men lying on the floor, and rats were running everywhere. ③_________ Many soldiers died before receiving help.
The doctors wouldn't listen to Florence because they didn't like the idea of women in army hospitals— until one day 500 unexpected casualties(伤者) arrived. ④_________ Florence made changes, making sure the men were washed and their injuries were cared for. Every night she would check the patients with her lamp.
When she returned home after the war, a fund had been set up in her honour. Many of the soldiers she had made contributions(捐款). Now she could set up the Nightingale Training School in London.
After years of hard work, Florence Nightingale saw cleaner and more cheerful hospitals. ⑤_________ All of this was because of the "lady with the lamp".
A. Nursing became an honoured profession.
B. There was no running water and no heat.
C. She knew she had much to learn about nursing.
D. Florence saw the soldiers' health had improved.
E. As she grew older, she decided to become a nurse.
F. They soon realised that Florence could give a hand.
G. Upon returning home, she was an expert on hospital management.
三、书面表达
假定你是李华，你的澳大利亚笔友Jenny来信询问你最喜欢的科学家，请你根据下面的写作提示,给他写一封回信。内容包括：
1. 屠呦呦，1930年出生于浙江；
2.长期致力于研究疟疾(malaria)，因发现青霉素(artemisinin) 而荣获2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖；
3. 是第一位获得科学类诺贝尔奖的中国科学家。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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答案以及解析
一、阅读理解
1.答案：A
解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"For Amoako Boafo, who often paints with his fingers, this seems doubly true. His distinctive paint strokes(笔画)"可知,Boafo的作画方式别具一格，不用画笔,而用手指作画。故选A。
2.答案：B
解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"with gallerists unwilling to show his works…He continued making an effort to create self-portraits(自画像)... He also developed his standout approach to figurative painting"可知,在奥地利面对画廊的拒绝,Boafo 并未放弃绘画,而是坚持创作并形成自己独特的绘画风格。故选B。
3.答案：B
解析：考查推理判断。根据第四段中的" his several paintings sold for over a million dollars. In 2021, with three of his paintings launched into space…you might even say Boafo has rocketed to success"可推断,作者在此提及这个太空公司是为了说明 Boafo的绘画作品具有很高的价值。故选B。
4.答案：C
解析：考查推理判断。根据文章可知,在多家画廊不愿意展示他的作品时,Boafo继续努力创作,他还形成了自己的绘画风格;而且 Boafo的成功并非碰巧发生,他对此充满希望并做好了准备。由此可推断, Boafo 意志坚定。故选C。
二、七选五
答案：EGBFA
解析：文章介绍了弗洛伦斯经过多年的努力,使护理成了个令人尊敬的职业。
①根据下文 Her family were shocked because nursing was not a respected profession可知该空引出下文,E选项(随着弗洛伦斯慢慢长大,她决定要当一名护士)符合语境,故选E项。
②根据上文 Later, she visited hospitals in France, Germany and Ireland and learnt everything she could.可知,此处承接上文,G项(回到家乡后,弗洛伦斯已经成了医院管理方面的专家)符合语境。故选G项。
③根据空前的 The hospital left men lying on the floor, and rats were running everywhere.可知,此处继续描述医院的惨状,所以B选项(这里没有自来水,也没有暖气)符合语境。故选B项。
④根据第五段内容可知医生开始并不听弗洛伦斯的观点,但后来伤者增多了,人手不够,他们才改变了态度,所以F项(他们很快意识到弗洛伦斯能够帮忙)符合语境。故选F项。
⑤根据上一段末句中的 she could set up the Nightingale Training School in London以及该段中的 After years of hard work, Florence Nightingale saw cleaner and more cheerful hospitals.可知,此处承接上文,A项(护理成了一个令人尊敬的职业)符合语境。故选A项。
三、书面表达
答案：
Dear Jenny,
The scientist I admire most is Tu Youyou, who was born in 1930 in Zhejiang Province. She is well-known because she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015 for her great contributions to medicine.
Since graduating from university, she has devoted her time and energy to discovering a cure for malaria, a deadly disease in the past. After working hard with her co-workers for years, she finally found artemisinin, which has saved millions of lives around the world.
Tu Youyou is the first Chinese scientist to win the Nobel Prize for science. Her winning the reward shows that traditional Chinese medicine is of great value. She is such a great role model that I admire her most.
Yours,
Li Hua