人教版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement核心词汇全方位拓展 导学案（含答案）

新人教版核心词汇全方位拓展 选必B1U1
Unit 1 People of achievement
Contents：
1. vital
2. commit
3. evaluate
4. distinct
5. obtain
6. acknowledge
7. defeat
8. insist
9. conclusion
10. circumstance
11. consequence
12. encounter
1.vital
[ va tl] adj.
【paraphrase】
absolutely necessary
adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
【formation】
比较级 more vital
最高级 most vital
【多元例句】
1 Artemisinin has become vital part of the treatment for alaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone. ---B4 P2 新教材
2 An increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.
3 Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.
4 It’s vital that new compulsory age-appropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media.
5 Well, I'm giving you a vital organ. ---《绝望的主妇》第七季
6 It was vital it went off today and I’m never very good at delegating. ---《唐顿庄园》第六季
【短语互译】
1. 对...至关重要
2. 做某事是关键
3. ...是至关重要的。
4. play a vital role in
5. vital part
6. vital function
【句子翻译】
1. 牢记安全规则是至关重要的。
2. 我们帮助孩子树立正确的道德价值观是非常重要的。
3. 毅力对于成功至关重要。
key：
【短语互译】
1. be vital for/to对...至关重要
2. It is vital to do sth做某事是关键
3. It is vital that ...是至关重要的。
4. play a vital role in在...中起着重要作用
5. vital part要害部分
6. vital function重要作用；生命机能
【句子翻译】
1. 牢记安全规则是至关重要的。
It is vital to keep the safety rules in mind.
2. 我们帮助孩子树立正确的道德价值观是非常重要的。
It is vital that we (should) help children set correct moral values.
3. 毅力对于成功至关重要。
Perseverance is vital to success.
2.commit
[k m t] vt.&vi
【paraphrase】
give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause
vt. 承诺；保证 vi 忠于；全心全意投入（工作、活动等）
【formation】
三单 commits
过去式 committed
过去分词 committed
现在分词 committing
派生词 commitment n. 承诺；投入committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
【多元例句】
1 Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. ---B4 P2 新教材
2 Committing crime online is no longer a theoretical possibility. ---译林版选修10
3 He quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was committed to practising it.
4 This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research.
5 Can’t. Not unless you committed a crime. ---《绝望的主妇》第八季
6 And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the commitment Wilson made to preventing the preventable.
【短语互译】
1. 承诺/保证做某事
2. 犯罪/犯错误
3. 投入...于...
4. commit suicide/murder
5. make a commitment
6. be committed to
【翻译句子】
1. 他承认他犯了罪。
2. 他仍然致力于为黑人争取平等权利的斗争。
3. 他所犯的典型错误都已经被写了下来。
key：
【短语互译】
1. commit oneself to do/doing sth承诺/保证做某事
2. commit a crime/mistake犯罪/犯错误
3. commit... to.... 投入...于...
4. commit suicide/murder自杀/谋杀
5. make a commitment做出承诺
6. be committed to致力于；对...很坚定
【翻译句子】
1. 他承认他犯了罪。
He admitted that he had committed the crime.
2. 他仍然致力于为黑人争取平等权利的斗争。
He is still committed to the struggle for the equal rights of the black.
3. 他所犯的典型错误都已经被写了下来。
The typical mistakes that he committed have been written down.
3. evaluate
[ v ljue t] vt.
【paraphrase】
vt. place a value on; judge the worth of something.
vt. 评价；评估
【formation】
三单 evaluates
过去式 evaluated
过去分词 evaluated
现在分词 evaluating
派生词 evaluation n. 评估；估算
【多元例句】
1 Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties. ---B4 P2新教材
2 The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people deceptively in everyday life.
3 First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc.
4 With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.
5 How do we go about evaluating that argument of Anderson
6 But you know, there is one thing that I have yet to evaluate. ---《老友记》第七季
【短语互译】
1.evaluate +how/whether... _________________
2.evaluate one's ability_________________
3.evaluate the damage_________________
4.对...进行评估_________________
5.对医疗保健制度的评估_________________
6.评价一下成名的好坏_________________
【翻译句子】
1.没有看到他的工作情况，我无法评估他的能力。
____________________________________________________
2.不要以貌取人。
____________________________________________________
3.我们需要对这一政策产生的效果做出评价。
____________________________________________________
key：
【短语互译】
1. evaluate +how/whether...评估/评价...
2. evaluate one's ability评估某人的能力
3. evaluate the damage估算损失
4. make an evaluation of ... 对...进行评估
5. an evaluation of the health care system对医疗保健制度的评估
6. evaluate the pros and cons of being famous评价一下成名的好坏
【翻译句子】
1. 没有看到他的工作情况，我无法评估他的能力。
I can't evluate his ability without seeing his work.
2. 不要以貌取人。
Don't evaluate a person on the basis of appearance.
3. 我们需要对这一政策产生的效果做出评价。
We need to evaluate how well the policy is working.
4. distinct
[d st kt] adj.
【paraphrase】
adj. clearly different; easily or clearly seen,heard,smelled
adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的
【formation】
distinctly adv. distinction n. 差别；区分；显著 distinguish vt. 区分；辨别；分清
【多元例句】
1 For their research they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. ---B4 P2 新教材
2 But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear; we are numb(麻木的) to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas.
3 Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images(图像)of the same person making either a happy or an angry face.
4 The girl gave off an aura of distinct pottiness. ---《哈利波特与凤凰社》
5 The Canadian put in with distinct scorn. You can keep the freshwater fish. ---《海底两万里》
6 It is my distinct pleasure to welcome back, after four long years, Reverend Michael Green. ---《绝望的主妇》第四季
【短语互译】
1. a distinct opportunity
2. make/draw a distinction
3. the distinction between A and B
4. 很明显...
5. 在...方面与...不同
6. 两个不同的种类
【翻译句子】
1. 很明显，我们应该把这两种情况区别开来。
2. 这两张海报在风格上确实截然不同。
3. 孩子很难明辨是非。
key：
【短语互译】
1. a distinct opportunity一个难得的机会
2. make/draw a distinction区别开来；区别对待
3. the distinction between A and B A与B之间的差别
4. It is distinct that... 很明显...
5. be distinct from...in... 在...方面与...不同
6.two distinct species两个不同的种类
【句子翻译】
1. 很明显，我们应该把这两种情况区别开来。
It is distinct that we should make a distinction between the two cases.
2. 这两张海报在风格上确实截然不同。
The two posters are distinct definitely from each other in style.
3. 孩子很难明辨是非。
It is difficult for a child to make a distinction between right and wrong/distinguish right and wrong.
5. obtain
[ b te n] vt.
【paraphrase】
to get sth;especially by making an effort (get)
vt. （尤指通过努力）获得；赢得vi. （规章、习俗等）存在；流行
【formation】
三单 obtains
过去式 obtained
过去分词 obtained
现在分词 obtaining
【多元例句】
1 They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. ---B4 P2 新教材
2 A build-it-yourself solar still (蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.
3 Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body.
4 This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed.＂
5 She found it difficult to obtain even a word from her beyond a monosyllable. ---《傲慢与偏见》
6 Love is only to be obtained by giving love in return.
【短语互译】
1. 获取知识
2. 从...中得到...
3. 找到工作
4. obtain a scholarship
5. obtain permission
6. obtain promotion
【翻译句子】
1. 我们从书本中获得知识。
2. 此习俗在此地已流行多年。
3. 这些国家公园得到了旅游公司的财力支持。
key：
【短语互译】
1. obtain knowledge获取知识
2. obtain... from/out of/ through从...中得到...
3. obtain employment找到工作
4. obtain a scholarship获得奖学金
5. obtain permission得到允许
6. obtain promotion升职
【翻译句子】
1. 我们从书本中获得知识。
We obtained knowledge through books.
2. 此习俗在此地已流行多年。
This custom has obtained here for many years.
3. 这些国家公园得到了旅游公司的财力支持。
These national parks obtained financial support from tourist companies.
6. acknowledge
[ k n l d ] vt.
【paraphrase】
vt. accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority
vt.承认(权威、地位);承认(属实);告知收悉
【formation】
三单 acknowledges
过去式 acknowledged
现在分词 acknowledging
过去分词 acknowledged
【多元例句】
1 However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. ---B4 P2 新教材
2 Her years of hard work have finally been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
3 When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
4 Listening. Unexpected praise. Acknowledge and " Thank you." ---《“小王子”动画电影原声》
5 We tried to comfort him, but he said it wasn't much use, he couldn't be much comforted; said if we was a mind to acknowledge him, that would do him more good than most anything else；so we said we would, if he would tell us how. ---Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
6 But why should you wish to persuade me that I feel more than I acknowledge. ---《傲慢与偏见》
【短语互译】
1.承认做了某事
2.承认某事.
3.认为是
4.It is generally/widely acknowledged that
5.acknowledge one's belief/fault
【翻译句子】
1.我没有承认他犯了什么错。
2.她拒不承认改革的必要性。此习俗在此地已流行多年。
3.普遍认为他是世界最佳球员。这些国家公园得到了旅游公司的财力支持。
key：
【短语互译】
1. acknowledge having done sth. 承认做了某事
2. acknowledge sth. 承认某事
3. acknowledge to be认为是
4. It is generally/widely acknowledged that人们普遍认为
5. acknowledge one's belief/fault承认信仰/错误
【翻译句子】
1. 我没有承认他犯了什么错。
I did not acknowledge that he had done anything wrong.
2. 她拒不承认改革的必要性。此习俗在此地已流行多年。
She refuses to acknowledge the need for reform.
3. 普遍认为他是世界最佳球员。这些国家公园得到了旅游公司的财力支持。
He is widely acknowledged as the best player in the world.
7.defeat
[d fi t] n. &vt.
【paraphrase】
an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest；win a victory over
n.失败;战败;挫败;击败;战胜 vt.击败;战胜;使困惑;难住;使失败;阻挠;挫败
【formation】
三单 defeats
复数 defeats
现在分词 defeating
过去式 defeated
过去分词 defeated
【多元例句】
1 However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. ---B4 P2 新教材
2 Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated.
3 Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death, smart–phones defeated conventional PCs in sales.
4 What of his famous defeat of Grindelwald ---《哈利波特与死亡圣器》
5 You couldn't even defeat Sister Mary Eunice. ---《美国恐怖故事第二季》
6 But man.is not made for defeat. ---《老人与海》
【单句语法填空】
1. But to my disappointment we were __________ .(defeat)
2. She suffered a lot of __________ (defeat) at the previous track meets.
3. In the next tournament, the Kangaroos ___________ (defeat) the Eagle by a score of 5:1.
---(译林版教材)
4. He swore__________ (defeat) Odin's plan.
---(柯林斯词典)
5. Churchill encouraged people that this was only a temporary __________ (defeat).
---(外研社版教材)
【翻译句子】
1.球队首轮失利，十分意外。
2.这个世界冠军在20场拳击赛中只败过两场。
3.在那场决定性战役中，我军击败了敌军。
key：
【单句语法填空】
1. defeated 2.defeats 3. defeated 4. to defeat 5. defeat
【翻译句子】
1. 球队首轮失利，十分意外。
The team suffered a shock defeat in the first round.
2. 这个世界冠军在20场拳击赛中只败过两场。
The world champion has only had two defeats in 20 fights.
3. 在那场决定性战役中，我军击败了敌军。
Our army defeated the enemy in that decisive battle.
8. insist
[ n s st] vt.&vi.
【paraphrase】
vt.&vi. assert to be true;to say firmly that sth is true
vt.&vi.坚决要求;坚持;坚持说;固执己见
【formation】
三单 insists
现在分词 insisting
过去式 insisted
过去分词 insisted
派生词 insistence n. 坚持 persist vt. 坚持(同义词)
【多元例句】
例1：Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
---P3课本原句
例2：You should respect the views of others, and at the same time insist on what you think is right.
例3：But he insists on us eating healthy food.
例4：Even if he refuses, you must insist.
---《千与千寻》
例5：Well, I’m glad that he insisted on good behavior.
---《绝望的主妇》第八季
例6：At once to insist upon having such a report universally contradicted.
---《傲慢与偏见》
【短语互译】
1.坚决要求
2.坚持做某事.
3.坚持某人做某事
4.insist that sb. (should) do sth.
5.insist后接的从句表示一种_____________或_____________ 时不用虚拟语气。(填空)
6.The old man insisted that he ___________ (be) and ___________ (send) to hospital.
【翻译句子】
1.他们坚持要求说明事情的整个来龙去脉。
2.我并不想去，但他硬要我去。
3.已是深夜，他们却依然在放音乐。
key：
【短语互译】
1. insist on坚决要求
2. insist on (doing) sth. 坚持做某事
3. insist on sb./one's doing sth. 坚持某人做某事
4. insist that sb. (should) do sth.坚持某人做某事
5. 观点；事实 6. was; (should) be sent
【翻译句子】
1. 他们坚持要求说明事情的整个来龙去脉。
They insisted upon being given every detail of the case.
2. 我并不想去，但他硬要我去。
I didn't want to go but he insisted.
3. 已是深夜，他们却依然在放音乐。
They insist on playing their music late at night.
9. conclusion
[k n klu n] n.
【paraphrase】
n. something that you decide when you have thought about all the information connected with the situation
n.结论;推论;结束;结果;结尾;结局;签订;达成;缔结
【formation】
三单 concludes
现在分词 concluding
过去式 concluded
过去分词 concluded
复数 conclusions
【多元例句】
1 When you come to a conclusion, you decide that something is true after you have thought about it carefully and have considered all the relevant facts. ---P4课本原句
2 Do you come to any conclusion ---P4课本原句
3 All his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion. ---(旧人教版课文原句)
4 I will bring my story quickly to a conclusion. ---(北师大版)
5 She reluctantly came to the conclusion that Bessie was drunk. ---(新概念英语)
6 In conclusion, we should have a good understanding of its advantages and disadvantages and find a proper way to make our study more efficient.
【短语互译】
1.得出结论
2.使某人得出结论.
3.最后
4.make a conclusion
5.jump to conclusions ______________
6.conclude …from…
7. conclude with
【翻译句子】
1.从小孩的观点来看这是个合乎情理的结论。
2.我断定他不适合做这项工作。
3.这部书的结尾令人失望。
key：
【短语互译】
1. arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论
2. lead sb. to a conclusion使某人得出结论.
3. in conclusion最后
4. .make a conclusion下结论
5. jump to conclusions 匆忙下结论
6. conclude …from…从……得出结论……
7. conclude with以……结束
【翻译句子】
1. 从小孩的观点来看这是个合乎情理的结论。
It was a logical conclusion from the child's point of view.
2. 我断定他不适合做这项工作。
I've come to the conclusion that he's not the right person for the job.
3. 这部书的结尾令人失望。
The conclusion of the book was disappointing.
10. circumstance
[ s k mst ns] n.
【paraphrase】
n. information that should be kept in mind when making a decision
n.条件;环境;状况 vt.使处于某种特定的情况之下
【formation】
三单 circumstances
复数 circumstances
现在分词 circumstancing
过去式 circumstanced
过去分词 circumstanced
【多元例句】
1 Her circumstances are beyond our control. ---P5课本原句
2 Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allows you go. ---(旧人教版课本例句)
3 Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money. ---(牛津字典)
4 It's the best result that could be expected on the circumstances. ---(朗文字典)
5 Your personal circumstances are equally important.
6 Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑)of each to their particular circumstance.
【短语互译】
1.决不
2. in/under the circumstances
3. family circumstances
4. personal circumstances
【翻译句子】
1.在这种情况下，他们很可能会去她的店里买纪念品。
2.任何情况下，我们都不会同意这样的原则的。
3.因为一些不可控的原因，课程推迟了。
key：
【短语互译】
1. in/under no circumstances决不
2. in/under the circumstances在这种情况下
3. family circumstances 家庭经济情况
4. personal circumstances个人经济状况
【翻译句子】
1. 在这种情况下，他们很可能会去她的店里买纪念品。
Under such circumstances, they are likely to buy souvenirs in her shop.
2. 任何情况下，我们都不会同意这样的原则的。
In no circumstances can we agree to such a principle.
3. 因为一些不可控的原因，课程推迟了。
Due to circumstances beyond our control the lecture was put off.
11. consequence
[ k ns kw ns] n.
【paraphrase】
n. a result of sth that has happened
【formation】
复数：consequences
【多元例句】
1 As a consequence, he had to flee Germany. ---B4 p8
2 Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences.
3 This led to an unexpected consequence, though she had a wonderful time there.
4 This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业) with negative consequences for their economies.
5 Or the consequence of his mistake. ---《绝望的主妇》第三季
6 I’m very busy with matters of consequences. ---《小王子》
【短语互译】
1. 因此
2. 作为...的结果
3. accept/take the consequence
4. face/suffer the consequence
【翻译句子】
1. 进入大学对我们而言非常重要。
2. 在当今社会，很多人因为工作压力过大而患上精神疾病。
3. 我愿意承担后果。
key：
【短语互译】
1. as a consequence因此
2. as a consequence of作为...的结果
3. accept/take the consequence 承担后果
4. face/suffer the consequence面对后果
【翻译句子】
1. 进入大学对我们而言非常重要。
Being admitted to a university is of great consequence.
2. 在当今社会，很多人因为工作压力过大而患上精神疾病。
In today's society. many people have got mental illness as a consequence of excessive pressure from work.
3. 我愿意承担后果。
I am willing to accept the consequences.
12. encounter
[ n ka nt (r)] n.&vt.
【paraphrase】
n. a casual meeting with a person or thing
vt.contend against an opponent in a sport, game, or battle
n. (意外、突然或暴力的)相遇;邂逅
vt. 遭遇;遇到(尤指令人不快或困难的事)
【formation】
三单 encounters
复数 encounters
现在分词 encountering
过去式 encountered
过去分词 encountered
【多元例句】
1 In fact, Einstein often encountered people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help explain things. ---B4 p8
2 I read that people are more divided than ever, but that’s not how the people I encounter tend to act.
3 When I encounter problems in learning English, my teacher listens to me patiently and explains them carefully, helping me overcome the difficulties.
4 I encountered him only at rare intervals. ---《海底两万里（精选）》
5 How do you prefer your sexual encounters to begin ---《生活大爆炸 第2季》
6 In fact, Einstein often encountered people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help explain things. ---Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
【短语互译】
1. encounter with
2. encounter problems
3.遇到困难
4.初次邂逅
5.偶然相遇
【翻译句子】
1.我以前从未遇到过这么大的阻力。
2.我们遇上了大问题。
3.我好几次都险些与技术不佳的司机相撞。
4.他们中有三个人在后来与警察的冲突中被杀死。

key：
【短语互译】
1. encounter with遭遇，遇到
2. encounter problems遇到困难
3. encounter difficulty遇到困难
4. first encounter初次邂逅
5. chance encounter偶然相遇
【翻译句子】
1. 我以前从未遇到过这么大的阻力。
I had never encountered such resistance before.
2. 我们遇上了大问题。
We have encountered major problems.
3. 我好几次都险些与技术不佳的司机相撞。
I've had a number of close encounters with bad drivers.
4. 他们中有三个人在后来与警察的冲突中被杀死。
Three of them were killed in the subsequent encounter with the police.