人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists核心词汇全方位拓展 导学案（含答案）

新人教版核心词汇全方位拓展 X2U1
X2U1 Science and Scientist
Contents:
1.subscribe
2.proof
3.suspect
4.blame
5.handle
6.decrease
7.transform
8. assistant
9. defend
10.shift
1.subscribe
[s b skraib] v.
【paraphrase】
(1) to pay money regularly to have copies of a newspaper or a magazine sent to you
订阅（报纸或杂志）
(2) to pay money regularly to be a member of an organization or to help its work
定期交纳会员费；定期捐款
(3)to give money regularly for a service （为某项服务）定期交费
【formation】
三单subscribes 现在分词 subscribing
过去分词subscribe 同根词subscriber n.订阅者； subscription n. 订阅（费）
【多元例句】
例1: Snow subscribed to the second theory.
--教材原句P2
例2：Lancom is a worldwide language learning app and a leader in the online language learning industry with millions of active subscribers.
例3：Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year.
例4：And also, subscribe to my YouTube channel.
--欧路词典
例5：The digital version of this issue is available to all subscribers May 29 at The Nation.com.
--Nation
【短语互译】
(1)subscribe to ____________
(2)subscribe for ____________
(3)subscribe to a view ________________
(4)订阅杂志_____________
【句子翻译】
（1）虽然我相信你，但我不同意你的观点。
While I believe in you, I _______________________________________.
（2）如果你订阅这份报纸，你就会获得送货上门服务。
_____________________________, it will be delivered to your door.
(3)海报上写着：“欢迎社会各界人士定期向希望工程捐款。”
“People of all works of life are welcome __________________,” said the poster.
Key:
【短语互译】
(1)subscribe to 同意，赞同
(2)subscribe for 认购；预定
(3)subscribe to a view 同意一个观点
(4) subscribe to a magazine订阅杂志
【句子翻译】
(1)虽然我相信你，但我不同意你的观点。
While I believe in you, I don’t subscribe to your view
(2)如果你订阅这份报纸，你就会获得送货上门服务。
If you subscribe to the newspaper, it will be delivered to your door.
(3)海报上写着：“欢迎社会各界人士定期向希望工程捐款。”
“People of all works of life are welcome to subscribe to Project HOPE,” said the poster.
2.proof
[pru f] n.
【paraphrase】
facts, information, document etc that prove something is true (n.)证据;证明:检验
【formation】
复数proofs 三单proves 现在分词 proving
过去分词proved 同根词prove v.
【多元例句】
例1：It was correct, but he still needed proof .
--教材原句P2
例2：...but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, has proved irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
例3：He remembered landmarks, but since he didn’t know his town’s name, finding a small neighborhood in a vast country proved to be impossible.
例4：They ran down one corridor and, if it proved empty, they turned and ran down another.
--Who moved my cheese 《谁动了我的奶酪》
例5：In particular, maternity insurance has proved effective in promoting gender equality in the workplace.
--China Daily: How to make three-child policy effective
例6：Only these anti-China Western politicians have a problem with the law, and in their desperation to prove their worth to their public, they are pointing fingers at Hong Kong, and using some Hong Kong residents to create trouble and harm the city’s prosperity.
--China Daily: US’ ability to harm HK is over
【短语互译】
(1)prove that __________
(2) prove to be ____________
(3 )There is proof that _______
(4) 提供证据______________
(5) 科学证据__________________
【句子翻译】
(1) 这个工作被证实是令人失望的。
____________________________________________________________
(2) 今天来看，这个措施是非常有效的。
____________________________________________________________
(3) 没有证据证明他当时在犯罪现场。
____________________________________________________________
Key:
【短语互译】
(1)prove that 证明...
(2) prove to be 证明...
(3 )There is proof that 有证据证明...
(4) provide proof提供证据
(5) scientific proof科学证据
【句子翻译】
(1) 这个工作被证实是令人失望的。
The job proved a disappointment.
(2) 今天来看，这个措施是非常有效的。
Today, it proves to be an effective measure.
(3) 没有证据证明他当时在犯罪现场。
There is no proof that he was on the crime spot.
3.suspect
[s s pekt] v./n.
【paraphrase】
(1)to think that something is probably true or likely, especially something bad(vt.&vi)怀疑:疑有;不信任
(2) someone who is thought to be guilty of a crime ( n.)犯嫌疑人;可疑对象
【formation】
复数suspects 三单suspects 现在分词 suspecting
过去分词suspected 同根词suspicion n. 怀疑； suspicious adj. 怀疑的
【多元例句】
例1：Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. --教材原句P2
例2：Many people suspect that all the rock salt used every winter is harming the environment.
例3：In Samarkand, Mr. Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing.
例4：I've suspected it for some time, but now I'm convinced.
--Pride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见》
例5：The Security Bureau said 117 suspects had been arrested under the law, and over half of them had been prosecuted.
--China Daily: National security law for HK brings peace, order and hope to city
例6：Police have arrested 15 Colombians and two Haitian Americans suspected of being connected with the slaying. --China Daily
【短语互译】
(1)suspect that __________________
(2)suspect sb to be _______________
(3)怀疑某人（做）某事_______________
【句子翻译】
(1)他们怀疑他作伪证。
____________________________________________________________
(2)她是这起枪击案的嫌疑人。
____________________________________________________________
Key:
【短语互译】
(1)suspect that 怀疑...
(2)suspect sb to be怀疑某人...
(3)suspect sb of (doing) sth怀疑某人（做）某事
【句子翻译】
(1)他们怀疑他作伪证。
They suspect him of giving false evidence.
(2)她是这起枪击案的嫌疑人。
She is a suspect in the shooting.
4.blame
[bleim] v./n.
【paraphrase】
(1) to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad
v.把……归咎于;责怪，指责
(2) responsibility for a mistake or for something bad (n.) 责备;指责
【formation】
三单blames 现在分词 blaming 过去分词blamed
【多元例句】
例1：Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
--教材原句P2
例2：Some social app companies were to blame because they didn’t adequately check their users’ registration.
例3：Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock.
例4：They feel like victims when it's taken away and blame
others.
--Who moved my cheese 《谁动了我的奶酪》
例5：With his carefully calculated talk of a second front, Netanyahu is doing his best to capitalize on this attitude, but it would be naive to blame him for originating it.
--Nation
例6：So if you do the right thing for the environment, know that the locals will blame you.
--Nation
【短语互译】
(1) blame sth on sb ____________________
(2) be to blame ( for sth) ____________________
(3) put the blame on sb for sth _________________
(4) 因（做）某事而责备某人____________________
【句子翻译】
(1)他应对他们的死亡负责。
_______________________________________________________________
(2)他将缺乏自信归咎于他母亲。
___________________________________________________________
Key:
【短语互译】
(1) blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人
(2) be to blame ( for sth) 对某事）负有责任
(3) put the blame on sb for sth 把某事归咎于某人
(4) blame sb for (doing) sth因（做）某事而责备某人
【句子翻译】
(1)他应对他们的死亡负责。
He was to blame for their deaths.
(2)他将缺乏自信归咎于他母亲。
He blames his mother for his lack of confidence.
5.handle
[ h ndl] v./n.
【paraphrase】
(1) to deal with a difficult situation or problem 应付（局面）；处理（问题）
(2) to deal with people 应付，对待（某人）
(3) to control the movement of a vehicle, tool 操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
(4) the part of a door, drawer, window etc that you use for opening it (n.)把手;拉手;柄
【formation】
复数handles 三单handles 现在分词 handling
过去分词handled
【多元例句】
例1：Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed that it could not be used.
--教材原句P2
例2：”The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native specie.
例3：However, when she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call.
例4：The grindstone had a double handle, and, turning at it madly were two men.
--A Tale of Two Cities 《双城记》
例5：The new Stand Assist Handles enable you to distribute your weight across your arms and shoulders, not your hands and wrists to help reduce back, neck, wrist pain and discomfort.
--Nation
【短语互译】
(1) a broom handle ______
(2) handle difficult customers _______
(3) 处理问题________
(4) 操作机器________
【句子翻译】
(1)她很擅长于学生打交道。
____________________________________________________________
(2)一个新经理被雇用来解决这个危机。
____________________________________________________________
(3)我转动把手，发现门没有锁。
____________________________________________________________
Key:
【短语互译】
(1) a broom handle 扫帚把
(2) handle difficult customers应付难对付的顾客
(3) handle a problem 处理问题
(4) handle the machine 操作机器
【句子翻译】
(1) 她很擅长于学生打交道。
She is good at handling her students.
(2)一个新经理被雇用来解决这个危机。
A new manager was hired to handle the crisis.
(3)我转动把手，发现门没有锁。
I turned the handle and found the door was unlocked.
6.decrease
[di kri s] v./n.
【paraphrase】
(1)to go down to a lower level, or to make something do this (v.)减少
(2) the process of reducing something; or the amount by which it reduces (n.) 减少；降低；减少量
【formation】
三单decreases 现在分词 decreasing
过去分词decreased 同根词 increase（反义词）增加，增长
【多元例句】
例1：Through Snow ‘s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.
--教材原句P3
例2：What has caused the decrease in Australian children’s physical activity
例3：Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect.
例4：Equal breath sounds, but respiratory effort decreasing.
--电影《逍遥法外》第二季
【短语互译】
(1)on the decrease ____________
(2) decrease to ______________
(3)减少了__________________
(4)在某方面减少____________
【句子翻译】
(1)该地区的人口急速下降。
____________________________________________________________
(2)该城市去年交通事故减少了30%。
____________________________________________________________
(3)销售量差不多减少了20％。
____________________________________________________________
Key:
【短语互译】
(1)on the decrease 在减少
(2) decrease to 减少到 （表示减少后所达到的数量）
(3)decease by 减少了 （表示减少的程度）
(4)decrease in 在某方面减少
【句子翻译】
(1)该地区的人口急速下降。
The population of the area has decreased radically/ rapidly..
(2)该城市去年交通事故减少了30%。
The traffic accidents in the city decreased by 30% last year.
(3)销售量差不多减少了20％。
The decrease in sales was almost 20 percent.
7.transform
[tr ns f m] v.
【paraphrase】
to completely change the appearance, form,or character of something or someone, especially in a way that improves it (vt.)使改观;使改变形态； (vi.)改变;转变
【formation】
三单transforms 现在分词 transforming
过去分词transformed 同根词 transformation n.
【多元例句】
例1：Snow transformed the way scientists study disease.
--教材原句P3
例2：And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and trans-formative.
例3：I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful.
例4：It was a gentle action, but not at all gently done; a very remarkable transformation had come over him in a few seconds.
--A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》
例5：He has witnessed the transformation of China’s manufacturing and the country’s rapid development.
--China Daily: US toys boss hopes to ride out political frictions
【短语互译】
(1)transform ... (from sth)... into sth _____________
(2) transform sth with... ____________________
(3) 改变我的一生 ____________________
(4)使你的卧室焕然一新 ____________________
【句子翻译】
(1)魔术师把那个人变成了兔子。
____________________________________________________________
(2)她改变了他们单调乏味的生活。
____________________________________________________________
(3) 一个笑容改变了他那严肃的脸庞。
____________________________________________________________
Key:
【短语互译】
(1) transform ... (from sth)... into sth 把...(从...) 变为...
(2) transform sth with... 用... 来改变...
(3) transform my life 改变我的一生
(4) transform your bedroom使你的卧室焕然一新
【句子翻译】
(1)魔术师把那个人变成了兔子。
The magician transformed the man into a rabbit.
(2)她改变了他们单调乏味的生活。
She has transformed their dull life.
(3) 一个笑容改变了他那严肃的脸庞。
A smile transformed his stern face.
8.assistant
[/ 's st( )nt] n.
【paraphrase】
someone who helps someone else in their work (n.)助理，助手
【formation】
复数 assistants 三单assists 现在分词 assisting
过去分词assisted 同根词 assist v.； assistance n.
【多元例句】
例1：As a graduate assistant at the California institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion.
--教材原句P7
例2："So do I," said Harry, "We really should do something to assist them."
例3： Young couples needed financial assistance.
例4：“Oh! Certainly,”cried his faithful assistant, Miss Bingley, “an accomplished woman must have a thorough knowledge of music, singing, drawing, dancing and modern languages.”
--Pride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见》
例5：Ehrlichman was assistant to the president for domestic affairs under Richard Nixon. As Baum recounted to NPR.
--Nation
例6：Gaiutra Bahadur is an assistant professor of journalism at Rutgers University–Newark.
-Nation
【短语互译】
(1)with the assistance of _______________
(2) be of assistance___________________
(3)帮助某人做某事 _______________
(4) 在某方面帮助（某人）_____________
【句子翻译】
(1)他们正协助警察调查。
__________________________________________________________
(2)我们都帮助修理屋顶。
_______________________________________________________
(3)这项研究将有助于评价近来发生的变化所产生的影响。
_______________________________________________________
Key:
【短语互译】
(1)with the assistance of 在...的帮助下
(2) be of assistance 有帮助的；能帮上忙的
(3) assist sb in doing sth / assist sb to do sth帮助某人做某事
(4) assist sb on sth / assist sb with sth在某方面帮助（某人）
【句子翻译】
(1)他们正协助警察调查。
They were assisting police with their inquiries.
(2)我们都帮助修理屋顶。
We all assisted in mending the roof.
(3)这项研究将有助于评价近来发生的变化所产生的影响。
The study will assist in evaluating the impact of recent changes.
9.defend
[di fend] v.
【paraphrase】
(1) to do something in order to protect someone or something from being attacked
(v.) 保卫，防守;
(2) to use arguments to protect something or someone from criticism (v.)辩护，辩解
【formation】
三单defends 现在分词 defending
过去分词defended 同根词defence,defender n. ; defensive adj.
【多元例句】
例1： Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realized that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
--教材原句P7
例2：“Small does not mean weak, sir,” she defended herself.
例3：They helped the body defend itself from some kinds of infections.
例4：“Now what can you have to say on this matter？How can you defend yourself？”
--Pride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见》
例5：The law also ensures the “one country, two systems” principle is better practiced
and defended.
-- China Daily: US’ ability to harm HK is over
【短语互译】
(1)defend...from/against ________________
(2) in defence of ______________________
(3) 为自己辩护_______________________
(4) 用生命保卫祖国___________________
【句子翻译】
(1) 不论代价是什么， 我们都要抵御敌人，保卫我们的城市。
____________________________________________________________
(2) 我愿意为自己的构想辩护。
____________________________________________________________
Key:
【短语互译】
(1)defend...from/against保护...免受...；为...辩护/辩解，反驳...
(2) in defence of 保卫...；为...辩护
(3) defend oneself 为自己辩护
(4) defend the motherland with one’s lie 用生命保卫祖国
【句子翻译】
(1) 不论代价是什么，我们都要抵御敌人，保卫我们的城市。
We shall defend our city against the enemy whatever the cost may be.
(2) 我愿意为自己的构想辩护。
I am prepared to defend my ideas.
10.shift
[ ift] v./n.
【paraphrase】
(1) to move from one place or position to another (v.) 转移；挪动；转向
(2) to change a situation （v.）改变；转换；轮班
【formation】
三单shifts 现在分词 shifting 过去分词 shifted
【多元例句】
例1：Qian changed his major because of a shift in personal interest.
--教材原句P9
例2：They shifted their viewpoints frequently.
例3：It's better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
例4：The waiter shifted his napkin from his-right arm to his left, dropped into a comfortable attitude, and stood surveying the guest while he ate and drank, as from an observatory or watch-tower.
--A Tale of Two Cities 《双城记》
例5： During the worst days, she spent the night on a make shift folding bed at the shop because she lived in fear of thugs who were appearing near her home with long umbrellas and wooden sticks.
--China Daily: National security law for HK brings peace, order and hope to city
例6：The move does not mean a shift is being made away from“prudent”monetary policy, the PBOC said.
--China Daily: PBOC to cut reserve ratio, add liquidity
【短语互译】
(1)a shift of emphasis _________________
(2)be on the day shift _________________
(3)夜班___________________
(4)轮班工作_________________
(5)把椅子从左边移到右边 ________________
【句子翻译】
(1) 风由东转向西。
____________________________________________________________
(2)她在椅子上不安地动来动去。
____________________________________________________________
Key:
【短语互译】
(1)a shift of emphasis 重点的转移
(2)be on the day shift 上白班
(3)night shift夜班
(4) shift work 轮班工作
(5) shift the chair from left to right 把椅子从左边移到右边
【句子翻译】
(1) 风由东转向西。
The wind shifted from east to west.
(2)她在椅子上不安地动来动去。
She shifted uncomfortably in her chair.