人教版（2019）选择性必修 第四册 Unit 1 Science Fiction导学案(含答案)

新人教版核心词汇全方位拓展 X4U1
1.
fiction
【paraphrase】
1. a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact
2. a deliberately false or improbable account
fiction [ fik n]
n. 小说；虚构，编造；谎言
【formation】:
复数: fictions 形容词: fictional
【paraphrase】
1. a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact
2. a deliberately false or improbable account
【例句】
例1：In this unit, you will read famous science fiction. --- 新教材 选必四 P1
例2: Besides, I even submitted my own fiction to Youth.
例3: Though this was all a fiction of his own, yet it had its desired effect.
虽然这一切都是他自己的虚构，但却达到了预期的效果；
--- Robison Crusoe 《鲁滨逊漂流记》
例5：The book intermingles fact and fiction. 这本书事实和虚构并存。
---《牛津词典》
例6：Renowned scientists, science fiction writers and aerospace experts also came together for celebrating the event, which ended on Sunday.著名科学家、科幻作家和航空航天专家也聚集在一起庆祝活动，该活动于周日结束。 ---China Daily
短语互译：
科幻小说 ________________________ science fiction
fictional character ________________________虚构的人物/角色
句子翻译：
1. 这个故事是真实还是虚构，一直没有定论。_____________________________________________________________________
The truth or fiction of this story has never been truly determined.
2. 在我看来，广告就像一把双刃剑。不管怎样，如果我们能区分虚构和事实，那我们就是明智的。_____________________________________________________________________
In my opinion, ads is like a two-side sword. Anyway, we can be wise if we are able to distinguish between fiction and fact.
(利弊型作文使用)
3. Fact is stranger than fiction.
_____________________________________________________________________
大千世界，无奇不有（谚语）
2.
appointment
【paraphrase】
n. 1. the act of putting a person into a non-elective position
2. a meeting arranged in advance
3. (usually plural) furnishings and equipment (especially for a ship or hotel)
4. a person who is appointed to a job or position
appointment [ 'p intm nt ]
n. 任命；约定；任命的职位
【formation】
复数:appointments 动词appoint：任命；委派；指定；约定
形容词 appointed 约定的，指定的
appointive 任命的；委派的
名词 disappointment 失望
【例句】6个例句
例1：She had an appointment to paint her nails, then she went into an expensive clothes shop.
--- 新教材选必四 P2
例2: They take their driver-less car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking.
例3：Opening the window, I walked in upon them; liberated Celine from my protection; gave her notice to vacate her hotel; offered her a purse for immediate exigencies; disregarded screams, hysterics, prayers, protestations, convulsions; made an appointment with the vicomte for a meeting at the Bois de Boulogne. .
我打开落地窗，朝他们走去，解除了对塞莉纳的保护，通知她腾出房子，给了她一笔钱以备眼前急用，不去理睬她的大哭小叫、歇斯底里、恳求、抗议和痉挛，跟那位子爵约定在布洛尼树林决斗的时间。
--- Jane Eyre《简爱》
例5： China's State Council announced the appointment of officials Thursday.
中国国务院周四宣布了这批官员的任命。
--- China Daily
短语互译：
有约会 ____________________have an appointment
与某人约会 _________________make an appointment with
预约 _____________________schedule an appointment
letter of appointment _________委任书，聘书
by appointment________________________ 按照约定
句子翻译：
1.我安排了这次会面，因为自从我们上次联系有一段时间了。
_____________________________________________________________________
I scheduled this appointment because it has been a while since we touched base.
2. 这就是为什么我不能如期赴约的原因。(关于道歉信中使用)
_____________________________________________________________________
That's why I was not able to make it for the scheduled appointment.
3.现在就做出决定并坚持去做。
_____________________________________________________________________
Decide what that is and make an appointment for it, right now.
3、
guilty / ɡ lt /
【paraphrase】
adj.
1. responsible for or chargeable with a reprehensible act; or marked by guilt
"guilty of murder"; "the guilty person"; "secret guilty deeds"; "a guilty conscience"; "guilty behavior"
2. showing a sense of guilt
"a guilty look"
adj. 有罪的；内疚的
【formation】
比较级: guiltier 最高级：guiltiest
副 词: guiltily
名 词: guiltiness 有罪；自觉有罪；愧疚
guilt 犯罪，过失；内疚
【例句】
例1：Although it was completely innocent, Claire felt guilty.
--- 人教版选必四 P2
例2: It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year.
例3：Innocent until proven guilty, Severus, he said firmly.只要没被证明有罪，就是无辜的，西弗勒斯。他坚定地说。
---《哈利波特与密室》
例4：Mind, I don't say a crime; I am not speaking of shedding of blood or any other guilty act, which might make the perpetrator amenable to the law: my word is error.
注意，我不是说犯罪;我说的不是流血或其他犯罪行为，这可能会使犯罪者服从法律:我的话是错误的。
--- Jane Eyre《简爱》
例5：He was found guilty by a local court in June 2018 for attacking the police and is now serving a six-year-term in prison. 2018年6月，当地法院判定他袭击警察罪名成立，目前正在服刑6年。
--- China Daily
短语互译：
guilty feeling ________________________ 罪恶感
find guilty ____________________认定有罪
guilty conscience ____________________内疚
服/认罪；被告服罪___________________plead guilty
犯人___________________the guilty
感到内疚___________________feel guilty
句子翻译：
1. Guilty consciences make men cowards.
_____________________________________________
做贼心虚。(谚语)
2. 一旦我考试不及格，我觉得我的世界完了，我不能吃好，我让我的父母失望，我很内疚。
_____________________________________________________________________
Once I failed on the exams, I felt my world was over; I couldn’t eat well; I just let my parents down; I was so guilty about it.（读后续写，心情类描述）
4、declare
[ di'klε ]
【paraphrase】
1、state emphatically and authoritatively
2、announce publicly or officially
3、state firmly
4、make a declaration (of dutiable goods) to a customs official
vt. 宣布，宣告；声明
断言，宣称
vi. 申报
【formation】
adj.：declared 公然的；公开宣布的
declarative 宣言的；陈述的，说明的
n.：declaration （纳税品等的）申报；宣布；公告；申诉书
declarer 申报者；宣言者
【例句】
例1：She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day.
--- 新人教选必四 P3
例2: Wuhan declared temporary outbound (向外的) traffic restrictions.
例3：And in spite of Mr Darcy's declared motives,my dear Lizzy, you may be sure that your uncle would never have given in, if we had not assumed that Mr Darcy had another interest in the matter.亲爱的丽萃，尽管达西先生公开说明了一些原因，但是，你可以肯定，如果我们不是觉得他别有用心，你舅舅是绝不会让步的。
--- Pride and prejudice《傲慢与偏见》
例4：Mr Edgar's sister, a pretty girl of eighteen, suddenly declared that she was in love with Heathcliff．艾加先生的妹妹伊莎贝拉，一个18岁的可爱姑娘，突如其来地公开说她爱上了希斯克利夫。
--- Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》
例5：Have you got anything to declare, sir
先生，你有需要申报的物品吗？
---《旅游口语天天说》
例6：They must also declare their vaccination status.
他们还必须宣布他们的接种状况。
--- China Daily
短语互译：
显露身分；发表意见________________________
declare oneself
发动进攻；对…宣战________________________
declare war on
宣布______________________
declare on
declare for _______________________
表明赞成（拥护）
nothing to declare _______________________
绿色通道；不需报关
declare bankruptcy _____________________
宣告破产
句子翻译：
1. 我们国家发起了向贫穷宣战的运动。
_____________________________________________________________________
Our country launched a campaign to declare war on poverty.
2.许多成功人士宣称，他们的大部分成功归功于早期生活中某些好习惯的养成，如守时、早起、诚实和做事彻底。_____________________________________________________________________
Many successful men declare that they own much of their prosperity to the formation of certain good habits in early life, such as punctuality, early rising, honest y, and thoroughness.
3.有些人可能会说，由于以下三个原因把动物留在动物园是一个错误的选择。(议论文中使用)
_____________________________________________________________________
Some may declare/claim that keeping animals in zoo is a wrong choice for the following three reasons.
4.首先，我很荣幸来到这里与大家一起宣布国际贸易合作会议开幕。（开幕词）
_____________________________________________________________________
First, it is my great honor to be here with all of you and declare open the Conference of International Trade Cooperation.
5、calculate
[ 'k lkjuleit ]
【paraphrase】
v.
1. make a mathematical calculation or computation
2. judge to be probable
3. predict in advance
4. have faith or confidence in
vi. 计算；以为；作打算
vt. 计算；预测；认为；打算
【formation】
adj.：calculable 可计算的；能预测的；可靠的
calculative 计算的，善于计算的；精明的
n.：calculation 计算；估计；计算的结果；深思熟虑
calculator 计算器；计算者
v.：calculated 计算；估计；打算（calculate的过去式和过去分词）
calculating 计算（calculate的ing形式）
【例句】
例1：They believe if Al can handle tasks like calculating and driving for us, we will have more time for creating, thinking, and “being human”.
--- 新教材选必四 P4
例2: It is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.
例3：However, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
例4：Trying to calculate happiness over here.
居然想计算快乐。
---《瑞克与莫蒂 第三季（双语）》
例5：Rich people are often creative and take calculated risks.
富人更富有创造性，愿意经过精心筹划后再去冒险。
---Rich Dad Poor Dad《穷爸爸富爸爸》
例6："Many dieters like to calculate their weight every day," Lin says.
“很多节食者喜欢每天计算自己的体重，”林说。 --- China Daily
短语互译：
推测...的结果___________________
calculate the consequence/result of
计算旅行费用_______________________
calculate the cost of ..
calculate on _____________________
指望；期待
be calculated for ________________________
适合于……；为适合…而设计的
句子翻译：
1、你需要算一算要花多少时间才能完成分配的任务。_____________________________________________________________________
You'll need to calculate how much time the assignment will take.
2、这房间不是打算做这种用途的。_____________________________________________________________________
The room is not calculated for such use.
3、你应该能够相信你的家人会支持你。_____________________________________________________________________
You should be able to calculate on your family to support you.
6、 urge
[ :d ]
【paraphrase】
n.
1. an instinctive motive
2. a strong restless desire
v.
1. force or impel in an indicated direction
2. push for something
3. urge on or encourage especially by shouts
vt. 力劝，催促；驱策，推进
n. 强烈的欲望，迫切要求；推动力
vi. 强烈要求
【formation】
复数 urges 第三人称单数 urges 现在分词 urging 过去式 urged 过去分词 urged
【例句】
例1：I had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes!
--- 新教材选必四 P8
例2: We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farmers from all backgrounds.
例3：I never felt an urge to learn any sign language before.
例4：Together, these deep human urges（驱策力）count for much more than ambition.
例5：“Just let him go, ” Harry urged.
“你就让它走吧，”哈利劝道。
---《哈利波特与魔法石》
例6：His supporters also urged the army to mutiny.
他的支持者还煽动军队叛变。
---《经济学人（汇总）》
短语互译：
敦促某人做某事；强烈要求某人做某事__________________
urge sb to do
有做某事的冲动，渴望做某事 ______________________
have an urge to do sth
极力主张/强烈要求做__________________
urge that(should)do/ It is urged that....
urge on ______________
鞭策; 敦促;
urge for sth ______________
强烈要求
句子翻译：
1. 环境专家们呼吁大家重复利用并回收塑料袋。_____________________________________________________________________
Environment experts urge people to reuse and recycle plastic bags.
2. 此外，父母可以帮助我们设定学习目标，督促我们完成学习任务。_____________________________________________________________________
Furthermore, parents can help set our study goal and urge us to complete our study tasks.
3. 求生的欲望驱使他们继续下去。_____________________________________________________________________
The urge to survive drove them on.
7、 explode
[ ik'spl ud ]
【paraphrase】
1. cause to burst with a violent release of energy
2. show a violent emotional reaction
3. show (a theory or claim) to be baseless, or refute and make obsolete
4. increase rapidly and in an uncontrolled manner
vi. 爆炸，爆发；激增
vt. 使爆炸；爆炸；推翻
【formation】
第三人称单数 explodes 现在分词 exploding 过去式 exploded 过去分词 exploded
名词：explosion 爆炸；爆发；激增
【例句】
例1： But if I stopped and the same space was being occupied by something else, we would be forced together and explode like a bomb!
--- 新教材选必四 P9
例2: Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
例3：Little Auks explode on Greenland's west coast.
在格陵兰西海岸，侏海雀数量大增。
--- 《北欧野生风情录》
例4：Then suddenly he seemed to explode with anger．
--- Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde《化身博士》
例5：My little 9-year-old brain and heart nearly exploded.
--Rich Dad Poor Dad《穷爸爸富爸爸》
例6：Just imagine what it feels like to walk on a street where one might jump out with a knife or a garbage can might explode at any time.
想象一下走在大街上是什么感觉，一个人可能会拿着刀跳出来，或者一个垃圾桶可能随时爆炸。
--- China Daily
短语互译：
爆发出_______________________
explode into
勃然大怒___________________
explode with anger/rage
explode with laughter ____________________
哄堂大笑；暴笑
句子翻译：
1. 压力可能积蓄并爆发出问题。
_____________________________________________________________________
Stress can build up and explode into problems.
2. 有些人以平静理智的方式公开表示愤怒，有些人勃然大怒，大喊大叫；_____________________________________________________________________
Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way, others explode with anger, and scream and yell.
3.许多男孩子在7月4日那天放爆竹。_____________________________________________________________________
Many boys explode firecrackers on the Fourth of July.
8、pace
[pe s]
【paraphrase】
n.
1. the rate of moving (especially walking or running)
2. the distance covered by a step
3. the relative speed of progress or change
v.
walk with slow or fast paces
n. 一步；步速；步伐；速度
vi. 踱步；缓慢而行
vt. 踱步于；用步测
【formation】
复数 paces 第三人称单数 paces 现在分词 pacing 过去式 paced 过去分词 paced
【例句】
例1：As my pace grew faster, the walls of the laboratory fell away, and I was left in the open air.
--- 新教材选必四 P8
例2: A.It should keep pace with the procedure.
例3：According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
根据大多数计算,比赛步行者以六英里每小时的速度移动会消耗大约800卡路里, 这燃烧的大约是走路的两倍, 虽然比跑步少,这也可能每小时消耗1000或更多的卡路里。
例4：While I paced softly on, the last sound I expected to hear in so still a region, a laugh, struck my ear.当我轻轻地往前走的时候，在这样寂静的地方，我万万没有想到会听到一声笑声。
---Jane Eyre 《简爱》
例5: “Yes, but I grow at a reasonable pace,”said the Dormouse, “not in that ridiculous fashion.”
“是的，但是我是合理地生长，不是长成可笑的样子”睡鼠说。
---Alice In Wonderland《爱丽丝梦游仙境》
例6：The epidemic has led to a slow pace in global economic recovery, while the economic and business environment also face great uncertainties.疫情导致全球经济复苏缓慢，经济营商环境也面临较大不确定性。
--- China Daily
短语互译：
并驾齐驱，保持同步______________________
keep pace with
现代生活的步伐/节奏__________________
the pace of modern life
领先；起领头作用；定速度 _________________
set the pace
相当快地 _________________
at a good pace
at a steady pace _________________
以稳定的步伐
off the pace ________________
在第一名之后
at sb’s own pace ________________
以某人自己的节奏
句子翻译：
1.在这个信息时代，不会用电脑的人就跟不上时代步伐。（议论文—互联网）
_____________________________________________________________________
In this age of information, those who can't use a computer can't keep pace with time.
2.一些老师认为学生应该按照自己的节奏学习。（议论文—教育）
_____________________________________________________________________
Some teachers believe that students should study at their own pace.
3.在这个信息时代，不会用电脑的人就跟不上时代步伐。（议论文—互联网）
_____________________________________________________________________
In this age of information, those who can't use a computer can't keep pace with time.
本单元写作词汇：
1. superior反义词： inferior
adj. 上级的；高傲的；优秀的，出众的
n. 上级，长官；长者；优胜者，高手
写作词组：
superior quality 优质，上等品；高级货品
superior performance 性能优越
be superior in 在…方面优越
be superior to 不受诱惑；不屈服于；优越于
2. on a … basis 在....基础上
写作词组：
on a long-term basis 长期
on a regular basis 有规律地/定期地
on a daily basis 每天/日常
3. pros and cons 事务的利与弊，支持与反对
写作词组：
关于优缺点的表达：
strengths and weaknesses
advantages and disadvantages
strong points and weak points