中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
知识过关第4讲 语法
【Module 1】
【Module 2】
【Module 3】
原因、目的和结果状语从句
一、原因状语从句
①because意为“因为”，表示直接原因，语气最强，放在主句前、后均可。
I do it because I like it.
我做这件事是因为我喜欢它。
②since.意为“因为;既然”，表示显然的或已为人所知的理由。
Since everyone is here,let's start.
既然大家都到齐了，我们就开始吧。
二、目的状语从句
so that意为“以便,为了”,可与in order that互换，表示主句行为的目的。从句中常含情态动词may,might,can,could等。
She got up very early so that she could catch the first bus.
为了能赶上首班公交车，她很早就起床了。
三、结果状语从句
so意为“所以，因此”，主句表示原因，从句表示该原因导致的结果。
It rained heavily, so he had to stay at home.
雨下得非常大，所以他不得不待在家里。
【Module 4】
一、结果状语从句
①so..that ...如此..以至于…
结构:主语+谓语+So+adj./adv.+that从句
Tony was so excited that he couldn't fall asleep that night.
托尼如此兴奋,以致那天晚上无法入睡。
②such... that...如此……以至于
结构:主语+谓语+such+名词/名词短语+that
It's such a moving film that many people cried in the cinema.
这是一部如此令人感动的电影，以致许多人在电影院哭了。
注意:当名词前有many,much, few, little等词修饰时，用so...that...结构
二、让步状语从句
注意:though,although不能与but同时出现在一个句子中
①though=although
虽然，尽管
Though/Although it began to rain,he kept on working.
虽然天开始下雨了,但他仍然继续工作。
②even if=even though即使,纵然
We'll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.
即使天气不好,我们也要去旅行。
③whether...or...不论是否……，不管……还是……
You'll have to attend the party whether you're busy or not.
不管你忙不忙，你都要参加这个聚会。
④“no matter+疑问词”=“疑问词+ever”不管，无论都.
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
=Whatever happened, he would not mind.
无论发生什么，他都不会介意的。
【Module 5】
一、表示“禁止做某事”的结构
①No+v.-ing/n.!
No smoking!禁止吸烟!
No entry!禁止入内!
②Don’t+动词原形!
Don't shout! 禁止喧哗!
③You mustn't+动词原形!
You mustn’t take photos of the exhibits in the museum!
在博物馆里，禁止给展品拍照!
④You can't+动词原形!
In most museums,you can't make any noise!
在大多数博物馆里，禁止吵闹!
⑤You aren't allowed to do sth.
You aren't allowed to go inside the museum without paying.
不付费不允许进入博物馆。
二、if引导的条件状语从句
1、主从句位置
if引导的条件状语从句可放在主句之前，其后常用逗号与主句隔开，也可放在主句之后。
If you ever go to London,make sure you visit the Science Museum.=Make sure you visit the Science Museum if you ever go to London.
如果你去伦敦，一定要参观科学博物馆。
2、主从句时态
主句是祈使句，从句常用一般现在时。
If you want to get good grades,study hard.
如果你想取得好成绩，努力学习。
【Module6】
if引导的条件状语从句从句与if引导的宾语从句的区别
1、if引导的条件状语
含义:if 意为“如果”
时态:主句为一般将来时/主句含情态动词/主句为祈使句时，从句用一般现在时
位置:if从句放在主句前后均可
2、if引导的宾语从句
含义:if意为“是否”，相当于whether
时态:主句为一般现在时，从句根据实际情况而定;主句为一般过去时，从句通常用过去的某种时态
位置:if从句放在主句之后
I don't know if Tom will go to the park tomorrow.
我不知道汤姆明天是否会去公园。
【Module7】
一般现在时的被动语态
一、结构:
主语(动作的承受者)+be(am/is/are)+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者
二、转换方法
1.宾语变主语
2.谓语变被动
3.主语变宾语
I clean my room(主动)
我打扫我的房间。
My room is cleaned by me.(被动)
我的房间被我打扫。
三、句式
1、肯定句:主语+am/ia/are+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者).
The baby is looked after by his mother.
这个婴儿由他妈妈照顾。
2、否定句:主语+am/is/are+not+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者).
The baby is not looked after by his mother.
这个婴儿不是山他妈妈照顾。
3、一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are+主语+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)
Is the baby looked after by his mother
这个婴儿由他妈妈照顾鸣
4、特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+am/is/are+主语+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)
Whom is the baby looked after by
这个婴儿由谁照顾
【Module8】
一般过去时的被动语态
一、结构:主语(动作的承受者)+be(was/were)+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)
二、句式
1、肯定句:主语+was/were+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者).
Many trees were planted last year.
去年种植了很多树。
2、否定句:主语+was/were+not+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者).
Many trees weren't planted last year.
去年没有种植很多树。
3、一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)
Were many trees planted last year
去年种植了很多树吗
4、特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)
When were many trees planted
什么时候种植了很多树
【Module9】
一般将来时的被动语态句式
1、肯定句:主语+will/be(am/is/are)going to+be+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者).
The new film will be shown next Sunday.
=The new film is going to be shown next Sunday,
这部新电影将在下周日上映。
2、否定句:主语+will not/be(am/is/are) not going to+be+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者).
The new film will not be shown next Sunday.
=The new film is not going to be shown next Sunday.
这部新电影将不会在下周日上映。
3、一般疑问句:
①Will+主语+be+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)
②Be(Am/Is/Are)+主语+going to+be+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)
Will the new film be shown next Sunday
=Is the new film going to be shown next Sunday
这部新电影将会在下周日上映吗
4、特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+will+主语+be+动词过去分词(+by+动词执行者)
特殊疑问词+be(am/is/are)+主语+going to+be+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)
When will the new film be shown
=When is the new film going to be shown
这部新电影将会在什么时候上映
【Module10】
一、that引导的定语从句
1、意义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词(即先行词)的从句叫定语从句。
位置:定语从句置于先行词之后。
2、结构:先行词(名词或代词)+关系词+定语从句
He is a good man(that often helps others).
3、that引导的定语从句结构:先行词(人/物)+that+定语从句
4、that引导的定语从句:that在从句中充当句子成分。that在句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。
(注意:that作主语时，从句谓语动词的形式根据先行词确定单复数。)
The man that is telling a story is Mr Smith.(that作主语，从句修饰人the man)
正在讲故事的那个男人是史密斯先生。
A doctor is a person that looks after people's health.(that作主语,不能省略)
医生就是照顾人们健康的人。
I have some photos (that) I took in Australia last year.(that作宾语，从句修饰物photos)
我有一些去年在澳大利亚拍的照片。
5、定语从句的关系词只能用that的情况
①先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰,或先行词本身是序数词或形容词的最高级时
He was the first person that came to school.
他是第一个来学校的人。
②先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,some,few,little,none,something,anything,nothing等不定代词时
Is there anything that you don't know
你有什么不知道的吗
③先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last等词修饰时
This is the very thing that I want to know.
这正是我想知道的事。
④先行词里同时含有表示人和物的名词时
They boy and the dog that in the picture are very lovely.
图片中的男孩和狗都非常可爱。
⑤用于who或which引导的特殊疑问句时
Who is the girl that is crying
正在哭的那个女孩是谁
【Module11】
which和who引导的定语从句
1、which当先行词是物时使用，在从句中作主语或宾语
Hefei is a city which has many places of interest.
合肥是一个有许多名胜的城市。
2、who当先行词是人时使用,在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时，也可以使用whom)
The girl(who/whom) you met yesterday is my sister.
你昨天遇到的那个女孩是我妹妹。
3、注意事项：
①一般情况下，that,which,who在从句中作宾语时，可以省略;作主语时，不可以省略
Is there anything(that) I can do for you
有什么我能为你做的吗
②介词前移时，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人),
The room in which I live is very big.
我住的那个房间很大。
【Module12】
构词法·派生法
一、常见前缀
1、dis-“不”
如:dislike,disappear
2、im-,in-“不”
如:impossible,inexpensive
3、un-"不”
如:unpopular,unable
4、mis-“错误地”
如:mistake,mislead
5、non-"不，非”
如:non-smoker,non-native
6、en-“使……处于某种状态”
如:enable,enrich
7、re-“再，重复”
如:reuse,retell
二、常见后缀
1、构成名词:-er,-or,-ian,-ist,-ment,-ness,-th,-tion,-ty
如:teacher,musician,artist,illness
2、构成形容词:-able,-ive,-ful,-less,-ous
如:enjoyable,active,careful,useless
3、构成数词:-teen,-ty
如:sixteen,seventy
4、构成副词:-ly
如:badly,quickly
1．—Hi, Tim, what about your summer holiday
—Oh! It _________ some sweet memories in my heart in the past several weeks.
A．has left B．is leaving C．will leave D．leaves
2．—John, have you been to the English Corner
—Oh, yes. I ________ there to practise speaking once a week last term.
A．go B．will go C．went D．have gone
3．—What’s the noise, Jim
—My brother ________ the video of his favorite singer.
A．is watching B．watched C．will watch D．watches
4．—I miss my aunt. I ________ her for a year.
—You ________ her in a week.
A．haven’t seen; would see B．don’t see; saw
C．didn’t see; see D．haven’t seen; will see
5．—Listen! What’s that in the next room？
—Someone ________.
A．will cry B．cries C．is crying D．was crying
6．—When shall we leave for Bencha Ancient Town
—________ we keep things on the desk in good order.
A．Till B．Since C．Not until D．Whenever
7．—What a boring trip! We did nothing but listen to the rain in the hotel.
—Why didn’t you check the weather ________ you travelled
A．since B．until C．after D．before
8．—When will we finish the discussion
—________ we reach an agreement.
A．Before B．Until C．Not until D．Since
9．I will go to see my grandparents ________ I get off the plane.
A．as soon as B．as far as C．as long as D．as easily as
10．—When did your uncle leave his hometown for Nanjing
—________ he got a new job in Nanjing.
A．Since B．Not until C．Till D．While
11．His Chinese isn’t ________ to speak to us freely.
A．good enough B．enough good
C．enough well D．well enough
12．She studies very hard ________ she could catch up with her classmates.
A．so that B．so C．in order to D．because
13．The two companies decided to work together ________ they had common interest(利益)．
A．so B．or C．because D．unless
14．He has to make a lot of money ________ he can buy his children nice food and clothes.
A．so that B．such that C．so as to D．in order to
15．—Why do you hope to visit the West Lake some day
—________ it is a beautiful lake in Hangzhou.
A．Until B．If C．Because D．Though
16．_________ Steve has failed many times, he is always full of hope for the future.
A．Since B．If C．Though D．When
17．________ COVID-19 is under control now, we still need to protect ourselves by wearing masks and washing hands often.
A．Because B．Although C．Since D．But
18．—Did she come to school yesterday
—Yes, she did, ________ she was not feeling very well.
A．if B．but C．unless D．though
19．My sister was happy to get a gift from her friend, ________ the gift was only a pencil.
A．unless B．since C．though D．if
20．The’re ________ poor ________ they don’t have anything to eat.
A．so, that B．too, that C．too, to D．such, that
21．________ walk on the grass.
A．Doesn’t B．Don’t C．Not D．Can’t
22．- ___________ excellent work you have done!
-It's very kind of you to say so.
A．What an B．How C．What a D．What
23．You ______ smoke when you see the sign．
A．must B．should C．mustn't D．needn't
24．—______！Didn't you see the sign “No touching！”？
—Sorry，I didn't see it．
A．Try out B．Come on
C．Hurry up D．Hang on a minute
25．—Can you guess if they ________ to play soccer with us
—I think they will come if they ________ free.
A．will come, will be B．come, will be
C．come, are D．will come, are
26．—How will I make my dream come true
—Your dream will come true ________ you work hard.
A．before B．until C．although D．if
27．Some classical music might just help ________ you are under too much pressure.
A．unless B．if C．because D．although
28．I wonder _______ he will come tomorrow or not. ________ he comes, please let me know at once.
A．whether; If B．if; Whether C．that; If D．whether; Whether
29．—Helen, do you know if Jack ________ to my party this Saturday
—Don’t worry. If he ________, he will call you first.
A．will come; will come B．comes; will come C．will come; comes D．comes; comes
30．—Have you finished the paper-cutting
—Not yet. I’ll finish it if I ________ another ten minutes.
A．give B．am given C．will give D．will be given
31．Breakfast ________ every day for people aged over 60 for free in Shijiazhuang.
A．provides B．provided C．is provided D．was provided
32．Different kinds of food ________ by the workers in our school dining hall every day during lunchtime.
A．serve B．will serve C．will be served D．are served
33．—Who will be the winner of the game show
—No one can know the result until it ________ tomorrow morning.
A．will be announced B．will announce C．is announced D．announces
34．People wrote on bamboo, silk or animal bones before paper ________.
A．invent B．invented C．is invented D．was invented
35．As we know, the world’s first seismograph (地动仪) _________ in the Eastern Han Dynasty by Zhang Heng.
A．invents B．invented C．is invented D．was invented
36．—How beautiful Daying is now!
—Great changes ________ in Daying since it ________ in 1997.
A．have taken place; was founded B．has taken place; was founded
C．have been taken place; founded D．took place; founded
37．The sports meeting ________ next Friday. We are all looking forward to it.
A．hold B．is held C．was held D．will be held
38．—Nanjing Road is very crowded these days.
—The workers ________ it. It is said that it ________ soon.
A．repair; finishes B．have repaired; will finish
C．are repairing; will be finished D．repaired; will finish
39．A sports meeting _________ next month in our school.
A．will held B．will be held C．was held D．is held
40．The boss makes the workers _________ twelve hours a day.
A．work B．works C．working D．worked
41．Bondi Beach is one of _________ that I've ever seen in Australia.
A．most beautiful beach B．the most beautiful beaches
C．the most beautiful beach D．most beautiful beaches
42．Qingdao is a great place _________.
A．visit B．visited C．visiting D．to visit
43．Every afternoon, Dale would look out of the room’s only window, describing the scenery __________ for his friend.
A．inside B．back C．outside D．off
44．You can ______ it ______ before you buy the computer.
A．try; out B．try; in C．try; on D．try; for
45．I can store ______ photos on my computer.
A．thousand B．thousands of C．thousand of D．thousands
参考答案：
1．A
【详解】句意：——嗨，蒂姆，你的暑假怎么样？——哦，在过去的几周里，它在我心中留下了一些甜蜜的回忆。
考查动词时态。根据“in the past several weeks”意为“在过去的几周”，是现在完成时的标志，故选A。
2．C
【详解】句意：——彼得，你去过英语角吗？——哦，是的。上学期我每周去那里练习一次口语。
考查动词时态。根据时间状语“last term”可知，此处时态用一般过去时，谓语动词go用过去式的形式went。故选C。
3．A
【详解】句意：——什么声音，吉姆？——我哥哥正在看他最喜欢的歌手的录像。
考查动词时态。根据“What’s the noise”可知，问的是当下正在发生的声音是什么，用现在进行时态。故选A。
4．D
【详解】句意：——我想念我的阿姨。我一年没有看见她了。——你一周后就能看见她。
考查动词时态。for+一段时间，要与现在完成时连用，排除B和C选项。in+一段时间要与一般将来时连用，排除A选项，故选D。
5．C
【详解】句意：——听！隔壁房间那是什么？——有人正在哭。
考查时态。根据“Listen”可知是正在哭泣，用现在进行时am/is/are doing。故选C。
6．C
【详解】句意：——我们什么时候动身去栟茶古镇？——直到我们把桌子上的东西收拾整齐。
考查连词。Till意为“直到”；Since意为“自从”；Not until意为“直到……才”；Whenever意为“无论何时”。根据“When shall we leave for Bencha Ancient Town ”可知是指直到我们把桌子上的东西收拾整齐，应用Not until位于句首，Till不能用于句首，故选C。
7．D
【详解】句意：——多么无聊的旅行啊！我们在旅馆里除了听雨声什么也没做。——你旅行前为什么不查看一下天气？
考查连词辨析。since自从；until直到；after在……之后；before在……之前。根据“Why didn’t you check the weather...you travelled”可知，应是在旅行前查看天气。故选D。
8．B
【详解】句意：——我们什么时候结束讨论？——直到我们达成协议。
考查连词辨析。Before在……之前；Until直到；Not until直到……才；Since自从。根据“we reach an agreement.”可知，直到达成协议，我们才结束讨论，用until引导时间状语从句。故选B。
9．A
【详解】句意：我一下飞机就会去看望我的祖父母。
考查时间状语从句。as soon as一……就……”，引导时间状语从句；as far as就……而言；远至；直到；as long as只要（引导条件状语从句），与……一样长；as easily as和……一样容易。根据“I will go to see my grandparents…I get off the plane”可知，句子要表达下飞机这个动作完成后立刻就去看望祖父母，即“一……就……”。故选A。
10．B
【详解】句意：——你叔叔什么时候离开家乡去南京的？ ——直到他在南京找到了一份新工作。
考查连词辨析。Since自从；Not until直到……才；Till直到(某个时候一直做某事)；While当……时候。根据第一句的did可知，问过去的事情，所以回答也应该用一般过去时，A项的since后面要接一般过去时或者时间点，不能接句子该题是回答句子，排除A；C项表示该动作一直持续到till后面，与题意不符，排除C；D项while后面要接延续性动词或者进行时，该题不是，排除D。not…until表示“直到……才”，在句中要与助动词did一起连用，放在句首，首字母大写。故选B。
11．A
【详解】句意：他的中文不够好，不能和我们自由交谈。
考查形容词辨析和enough的用法。good好的；well健康的。根据“His Chinese isn’t...to speak to us freely.”可知，此处表示中文不好，用good，enough修饰形容词时需后置。故选A。
12．A
【详解】句意：她学习很努力，以便能赶上她的同学。
考查状语从句。so that以便；so因此；in order to为了；because因为。根据“She studies very hard …she could catch up with her classmates.”可知，此处表目的，so that+句子，in order to+动词原形，此处空后为句子，故选A。
13．C
【详解】句意：这两家公司决定合作，因为他们有共同的利益。
考查连词辨析。so因此；or或者；because因为；unless除非。根据“The two companies decided to work together … they had common interest”可知，空格后是解释决定合作的原因，用because引导原因状语从句，故选C。
14．A
【详解】句意：他必须赚很多钱，这样他才能给他的孩子们买好的食物和衣服。
考查短语辨析。so that以便，为了，其后加句子；such that到这样的程度；so as to以便，其后加动词原形；in order to为了，其后加动词原形。赚钱是为了买东西，且其后是句子，用so that引导目的状语从句。故选A。
15．C
【详解】句意：——你为什么希望有一天去游览西湖？——因为它是杭州的一个美丽的湖。
考查连词辨析。Until直到；If如果；Because因为；Though虽然。前句Why提问原因，此处应用Because来回答。故选C。
16．C
【详解】句意：尽管史蒂夫已经失败了很多次, 但他对未来总是充满希望。
考查连词辨析。Since自……以来；If如果；Though尽管；When当……时。根据“...Steve has failed many times, he is always full of hope for the future.”可知前后两句的关系式让步关系，用though引导让步状语从句。故选C。
17．B
【详解】句意：尽管现在COVID-19已经得到控制，我们仍然需要戴口罩和勤洗手来保护自己。
考查连词用法。Because因为；Although虽然；Since既然；But但是。根据“...COVID-19 is under control now, we still need to protect ourselves by wearing masks and washing hands often.”可知，空处需Although引导让步状语从句。故选B。
18．D
【详解】句意：——她昨天来学校了吗？——是的，尽管她感觉不太舒服，她还是来了。
考查连词辨析。if如果；but但是；unless除非；though尽管。根据“Yes, she did”可知，“她”昨天来学校了，“she was not feeling very well”与“she come to school”构成让步关系，though引导让步状语从句。故选D。
19．C
【详解】句意：我的妹妹很高兴收到朋友送的礼物，尽管这个礼物只是一支铅笔。
考查连词辨析。unless除非；since自从；though尽管；if如果。根据“My sister was happy to get a gift from her friend,...the gift was only a pencil.”可知，此处表示虽然礼物只是一支铅笔，但是我的妹妹还是很开心，应用though引导让步状语从句。故选C。
20．A
【详解】句意：他们如此穷以至于他们没有任何东西吃。
考查连词短语辨析。so...that...如此……以至于……，so修饰形容词或副词，that引导结果状语从句；too...that...搭配不当；too...to...太……而不能……，too修饰形容词或副词，to后面接动词原形；such...that...如此……以至于……，such修饰名词，that引导结果状语从句。本题中，第一个空后面的poor是形容词，所以应该用so来修饰；第二个空后面是句子，所以应该用that来引导结果状语从句。故选A。
21．B
【详解】句意：不要践踏草坪。
考查祈使句。结合句意和句子结构可知，本句是祈使句的否定形式，在句首加don’t，表示“不要”。故选B。
22．D
【详解】句意：——你做了多么出色的工作！ ——你这么说真是太好了。
本题考查感叹句。首先根据work“工作”，不可数名词，可知，感叹句中不用冠词，排除A/C；本题的中心词是work，excellent“优秀的，极好的”，形容词，是用来修饰work的，因此本题的感叹词用what而不用how。故选D。
【点睛】感叹句主要有what和how两种构成形式：
一、 what 引导的感叹句结构有三种：
1. What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 其它!
2. What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + 其他!
3. What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 其他!
例如：(1) What a great pity you missed the lecture again! 你又一次错过了讲座,真是太遗憾了!
(2) What interesting books you bought us! 你给我们买的书真有趣!
(3) What fine weather it is! 多么晴朗的天气呀!
二、 how 引导的感叹句结构有：
1. How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语!
2. How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
例如：(1) How beautiful the flowers are! 这些花是多么美丽呀!
(2) How heavily it is raining! 雨下得是多么大呀!
三、由 what 引导的感叹句与由 how 引导的感叹句有时可以转换，但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。如：How beautiful a girl she is! = What a beautiful girl she is!
What delicious cakes these are! = How delicious these cakes are!
23．C
【详解】句意：当你看见标志时必须不能吸烟。
根据标志可知是禁止吸烟；must必须，should应该， mustn't必须不能，禁止，needn't不需要；故选C。
【点睛】can能，会 can’t不能，不可能，通常用于否定句的推测；should应该，shouldn’t不应该；may可以，可能，通常用于肯定句的推测， may not可能不；must必须，一定 mustn’t必须不能。情态动词后接动词原形，变疑问句时把情态动词提前，变否定句在情态动词后加not 。must引导的一般疑问句，表示必须时，否定回答用needn’t；may引导的一般疑问句，否定回答用can’t。
24．D
【详解】句意：——等一下，你没看见标志“禁止触摸”吗？——对不起，我没看见。
根据Didn't you see the sign “No touching！”？和选项，可知是“等一下”；Try out试验，Come on加油，Hurry up快点，Hang on a minute等一下；故选D。
25．D
【详解】句意：——你能猜出他们是否会来和我们一起踢足球吗？ ——如果他们有空，我想他们会来的。
考查动词时态。第一空，根据“Can you guess if they …”可知，此处为if引导的宾语从句，主句时态为一般现在时；从句表示他们将和我们一起踢足球，时态应用一般将来时，其结构为will do，即will come，排除B和C；第二空，根据“they will come if they … free”可知，此处为if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则；主句为一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时，主语“they”为第三人称复数，be动词应用are，排除A。故选D。
26．D
【详解】句意：——我怎样才能实现我的梦想？——如果你努力工作，你的梦想就会实现。
考查连词辨析。before“在……之前”；until“直到”；although“虽然；尽管”；if“如果”。“you work hard”为“dream will come true”的条件，if引导条件状语从句。故选D。
27．B
【详解】句意：如果你压力太大，一些古典音乐可能会有帮助。
考查连词辨析。unless除非；if如果；because因为；although虽然。根据“Some classical music might just help…you are under too much pressure.”可知，后句是前句的条件，因此此处用if引导条件状语从句。故选B。
28．A
【详解】句意：我想知道他明天是否会来。如果他来了，请马上告诉我。
考查从属连词辨析。whether是否；if如果，是否；that引导宾语从句时，无实际意义。分析“I wonder...he will come tomorrow or not.”可知，空处是宾语从句的引导词，意为“是否”，if不与or not连用，所以第一空应选whether；分析“...he comes, please let me know at once.”可知，此处表示如果他来了，请马上告诉“我”。因此第二空应选If引导此条件状语从句。故选A。
29．C
【详解】句意：——海伦，你知道杰克这个星期六是否会来参加我的聚会吗？ ——别担心。如果他来了，他会先给你打电话。
考查if引导的条件状语从句和宾语从句。根据问句“...do you know if Jack...”可知此处是宾语从句，this Saturday表示这个星期六，时态为一般将来时，第一空填写will come；根据答句“If he...he will call you first”可知此处是条件状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”原则，从句主语he是第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单形式。故选C。
30．B
【详解】句意：——你完成剪纸了吗？——还没有。如果再给我十分钟，我会完成的。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。分析“I’ll finish it if I...another ten minutes.”可知，此处是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，空处位于从句中，应用一般现在时，结合选项可知，从句主语I和动词give之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，所以空处应用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构是：am/is/are+动词过去分词。故选B。
31．C
【详解】句意：石家庄每天为60岁以上的老人免费提供早餐。
考查时态和语态。根据“Breakfast...every day for people”可知，主语Breakfast和谓语动词provide之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应该用被动语态，排除A、B；根据“every day”可知，本句时态为一般现在时，排除D。故选C。
32．D
【详解】句意：每天午餐时间，我们学校食堂的工人都会提供不同种类的食物。
考查被动语态。serve提供，动词原形；will serve用于一般将来时；will be served用于一般将来时的被动语态；are served用于一般现在时的被动语态。主语是Different kinds of food和谓语动词serve之间存在被动关系，其结构是be done的形式，根据“every day”可知，是一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数， be动词用are。故选D。
33．C
【详解】句意：——谁会是竞赛节目的获胜者？——直到明早宣布才有人知道结果。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。announce“宣布”，动词。not...until引导时间状语从句，主句包含现在时的情态动词can，所以从句采用一般现在时，从句主语it和动词announce之间是被动关系，所以空格处用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构是：am/is/are+动词过去分词，主语it表示单数，be动词用is，announce用过去分词announced。故选C。
34．D
【详解】句意：在纸发明之前，人们在竹子、丝绸或动物骨头上写字。
考查被动语态。主语“paper”和所给词“invent”之间是被动关系，需要使用被动语态，根据“wrote”可知，此处需要使用一般过去时。故选D。
35．D
【详解】句意：众所周知，世界上第一台地动仪是东汉张衡发明的。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“As we know, the world’s first seismograph…in the Eastern Han Dynasty by Zhang Heng.”可知，主语“the world’s first seismograph”与谓语动词“invent”之间是动宾关系，因此谓语部分应为被动语态，又因为句子时态为一般过去时，因此空处应为一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为：was/were+ done，主语为名词单数，助动词应为was。故选D。
36．A
【详解】句意：——大英现在多美啊！——大英自1997年成立以来，发生了翻天覆地的变化。
考查时态及语态。根据“since it ... in 1997”可知，第一空用现在完成时，take place是一个不及物动词短语，所以不能用于被动语态，主语是复数，助动词用have；根据“in 1997”可知，第二空用一般过去时，主语it与found是被动关系，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。故选A。
37．D
【详解】句意：运动会将于下周五举行。我们都很期待。
考查时态及语态。根据“next Friday”可知，时态为一般将来时，主语与hold是被动关系，应该用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。
38．C
【详解】句意：——南京路这几天很拥挤。——工人们正在修路。据说很快就完工了。
考查动词时态。根据“Nanjing Road is very crowded these days”可知，工人这些天正在修理，用现在进行时表示某一阶段正在进行的动作。根据“soon”可知，第二空应填一般将来时，主语it与动词finish之间是被动关系，故第二空用一般将来时被动语态，故选C。
39．B
【详解】句意：下个月我们学校将举行一次运动会。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。句子主语“A sports meeting”与动词hold“举行”是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据“next month”可知，句子时态为一般将来时，所以这里应用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为will be done，动词hold的过去分词为held，即will be held。故选B。
40．A
【详解】句意：老板让工人们一天工作12个小时。
考查使役动词make的用法。A. work 原形；B. works 第三人称单数形式；C. working 现在分词、动名词；D. worked 过去式、过去分词。make sb. do sth. 为固定搭配，A选项符合要求，故应选A。
【点睛】make sb. do sth. 意为“使/让/叫某人做某事”，在主动语态里，只能使用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。但用于被动的时候需要将to还原，例如：
His workers were made to work for twelve hours a day. 他的工人被要求每天工作12个小时。
41．B
【详解】句意：邦迪海滩是我在澳大利亚见过的最美海滩之一。
考查固定搭配。“one of + the +形容词最高级+名词复数”为固定搭配，意为“……是……中最……之一”，四个选项中，B选项符合该结构，故应选B。
42．D
【详解】句意：青岛是一个观光的好去处。
考查动词不定式。A. visit 动词原形；B. visited 过去式、过去分词；C. visiting 现在分词；D. to visit 不定式。根据句意可知，place抽象名词后用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰a great place，故应选D。
43．C
【详解】句意：每天下午，戴尔都会从房间唯一的窗户向外看，为朋友描述外面的风景。
考查形容词辨析。inside里面的；back背后的；outside外面的；off离开。根据“look out of the room’s only window”可知，此处指外面的风景，outside作后置定语修饰scenery。故选C。
44．A
【详解】句意：你可以在买电脑之前试用。
本题考查固定短语及意义辨析。A try out是“试用，检验”，B try in是“尝试于”，C try on是“试穿”，D try for是“争取，谋求（职位等）”，根据句意可知是买电脑前可以试用，故选A。
45．B
【详解】句意：我能在我的电脑上存成千上万的照片。
本题考查数词结构。短语thousands of意为“成千上万的”。thousand表示约数时结构为：thousands of；表示具体数字时结构为：数字+thousand。A thousand是“一千”，B thousands of是“成千上万的”，C thousand of很少见，有具体数字修饰时后面直接加名词，D thousands是“数千”，根据后面的提示是电脑上可以存成千上万的照片，表示约数。故选B。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
知识过关第4讲 语法
【Module 1】
【Module 2】
【Module 3】
原因、目的和结果状语从句
一、原因状语从句
①because意为“因为”，表示直接原因，语气最强，放在主句前、后均可。
I do it because I like it.
我做这件事是因为我喜欢它。
②since.意为“因为;既然”，表示显然的或已为人所知的理由。
Since everyone is here,let's start.
既然大家都到齐了，我们就开始吧。
二、目的状语从句
so that意为“以便,为了”,可与in order that互换，表示主句行为的目的。从句中常含情态动词may,might,can,could等。
She got up very early so that she could catch the first bus.
为了能赶上首班公交车，她很早就起床了。
三、结果状语从句
so意为“所以，因此”，主句表示原因，从句表示该原因导致的结果。
It rained heavily, so he had to stay at home.
雨下得非常大，所以他不得不待在家里。
【Module 4】
一、结果状语从句
①so..that ...如此..以至于…
结构:主语+谓语+So+adj./adv.+that从句
Tony was so excited that he couldn't fall asleep that night.
托尼如此兴奋,以致那天晚上无法入睡。
②such... that...如此……以至于
结构:主语+谓语+such+名词/名词短语+that
It's such a moving film that many people cried in the cinema.
这是一部如此令人感动的电影，以致许多人在电影院哭了。
注意:当名词前有many,much, few, little等词修饰时，用so...that...结构
二、让步状语从句
注意:though,although不能与but同时出现在一个句子中
①though=although虽然，尽管
Though/Although it began to rain,he kept on working.
虽然天开始下雨了,但他仍然继续工作。
②even if=even though即使,纵然
We'll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.
即使天气不好,我们也要去旅行。
③whether...or...不论是否……，不管……还是……
You'll have to attend the party whether you're busy or not.
不管你忙不忙，你都要参加这个聚会。
④“no matter+疑问词”=“疑问词+ever”不管，无论都.
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
=Whatever happened, he would not mind.
无论发生什么，他都不会介意的。
【Module 5】
一、表示“禁止做某事”的结构
①No+v.-ing/n.!
No smoking!禁止吸烟!
No entry!禁止入内!
②Don’t+动词原形!
Don't shout! 禁止喧哗!
③You mustn't+动词原形!
You mustn’t take photos of the exhibits in the museum!
在博物馆里，禁止给展品拍照!
④You can't+动词原形!
In most museums,you can't make any noise!
在大多数博物馆里，禁止吵闹!
⑤You aren't allowed to do sth.
You aren't allowed to go inside the museum without paying.
不付费不允许进入博物馆。
二、if引导的条件状语从句
1、主从句位置
if引导的条件状语从句可放在主句之前，其后常用逗号与主句隔开，也可放在主句之后。
If you ever go to London,make sure you visit the Science Museum.=Make sure you visit the Science Museum if you ever go to London.
如果你去伦敦，一定要参观科学博物馆。
2、主从句时态
主句是祈使句，从句常用一般现在时。
If you want to get good grades,study hard.
如果你想取得好成绩，努力学习。
【Module6】
if引导的条件状语从句从句与if引导的宾语从句的区别
1、if引导的条件状语
含义:if 意为“如果”
时态:主句为一般将来时/主句含情态动词/主句为祈使句时，从句用一般现在时
位置:if从句放在主句前后均可
2、if引导的宾语从句
含义:if意为“是否”，相当于whether
时态:主句为一般现在时，从句根据实际情况而定;主句为一般过去时，从句通常用过去的某种时态
位置:if从句放在主句之后
I don't know if Tom will go to the park tomorrow.
我不知道汤姆明天是否会去公园。
【Module7】
一般现在时的被动语态
一、结构:
主语(动作的承受者)+be(am/is/are)+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者
二、转换方法
1.宾语变主语
2.谓语变被动
3.主语变宾语
I clean my room(主动)
我打扫我的房间。
My room is cleaned by me.(被动)
我的房间被我打扫。
三、句式
1、肯定句:主语+am/ia/are+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者).
The baby is looked after by his mother.
这个婴儿由他妈妈照顾。
2、否定句:主语+am/is/are+not+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者).
The baby is not looked after by his mother.
这个婴儿不是山他妈妈照顾。
3、一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are+主语+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)
Is the baby looked after by his mother
这个婴儿由他妈妈照顾鸣
4、特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+am/is/are+主语+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)
Whom is the baby looked after by
这个婴儿由谁照顾
【Module8】
一般过去时的被动语态
一、结构:主语(动作的承受者)+be(was/were)+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)
二、句式
1、肯定句:主语+was/were+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者).
Many trees were planted last year.
去年种植了很多树。
2、否定句:主语+was/were+not+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者).
Many trees weren't planted last year.
去年没有种植很多树。
3、一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)
Were many trees planted last year
去年种植了很多树吗
4、特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)
When were many trees planted
什么时候种植了很多树
【Module9】
一般将来时的被动语态句式
1、肯定句:主语+will/be(am/is/are)going to+be+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者).
The new film will be shown next Sunday.
=The new film is going to be shown next Sunday,
这部新电影将在下周日上映。
2、否定句:主语+will not/be(am/is/are) not going to+be+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者).
The new film will not be shown next Sunday.
=The new film is not going to be shown next Sunday.
这部新电影将不会在下周日上映。
3、一般疑问句:
①Will+主语+be+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)
②Be(Am/Is/Are)+主语+going to+be+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)
Will the new film be shown next Sunday
=Is the new film going to be shown next Sunday
这部新电影将会在下周日上映吗
4、特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+will+主语+be+动词过去分词(+by+动词执行者)
特殊疑问词+be(am/is/are)+主语+going to+be+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)
When will the new film be shown
=When is the new film going to be shown
这部新电影将会在什么时候上映
【Module10】
一、that引导的定语从句
1、意义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词(即先行词)的从句叫定语从句。
位置:定语从句置于先行词之后。
2、结构:先行词(名词或代词)+关系词+定语从句
He is a good man(that often helps others).
3、that引导的定语从句结构:先行词(人/物)+that+定语从句
4、that引导的定语从句:that在从句中充当句子成分。that在句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。
(注意:that作主语时，从句谓语动词的形式根据先行词确定单复数。)
The man that is telling a story is Mr Smith.(that作主语，从句修饰人the man)
正在讲故事的那个男人是史密斯先生。
A doctor is a person that looks after people's health.(that作主语,不能省略)
医生就是照顾人们健康的人。
I have some photos (that) I took in Australia last year.(that作宾语，从句修饰物photos)
我有一些去年在澳大利亚拍的照片。
5、定语从句的关系词只能用that的情况
①先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰,或先行词本身是序数词或形容词的最高级时
He was the first person that came to school.
他是第一个来学校的人。
②先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,some,few,little,none,something,anything,nothing等不定代词时
Is there anything that you don't know
你有什么不知道的吗
③先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last等词修饰时
This is the very thing that I want to know.
这正是我想知道的事。
④先行词里同时含有表示人和物的名词时
They boy and the dog that in the picture are very lovely.
图片中的男孩和狗都非常可爱。
⑤用于who或which引导的特殊疑问句时
Who is the girl that is crying
正在哭的那个女孩是谁
【Module11】
which和who引导的定语从句
1、which当先行词是物时使用，在从句中作主语或宾语
Hefei is a city which has many places of interest.
合肥是一个有许多名胜的城市。
2、who当先行词是人时使用,在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时，也可以使用whom)
The girl(who/whom) you met yesterday is my sister.
你昨天遇到的那个女孩是我妹妹。
3、注意事项：
①一般情况下，that,which,who在从句中作宾语时，可以省略;作主语时，不可以省略
Is there anything(that) I can do for you
有什么我能为你做的吗
②介词前移时，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人),
The room in which I live is very big.
我住的那个房间很大。
【Module12】
构词法·派生法
一、常见前缀
1、dis-“不”
如:dislike,disappear
2、im-,in-“不”
如:impossible,inexpensive
3、un-"不”
如:unpopular,unable
4、mis-“错误地”
如:mistake,mislead
5、non-"不，非”
如:non-smoker,non-native
6、en-“使……处于某种状态”
如:enable,enrich
7、re-“再，重复”
如:reuse,retell
二、常见后缀
1、构成名词:-er,-or,-ian,-ist,-ment,-ness,-th,-tion,-ty
如:teacher,musician,artist,illness
2、构成形容词:-able,-ive,-ful,-less,-ous
如:enjoyable,active,careful,useless
3、构成数词:-teen,-ty
如:sixteen,seventy
4、构成副词:-ly
如:badly,quickly
1．—Hi, Tim, what about your summer holiday
—Oh! It _________ some sweet memories in my heart in the past several weeks.
A．has left B．is leaving C．will leave D．leaves
2．—John, have you been to the English Corner
—Oh, yes. I ________ there to practise speaking once a week last term.
A．go B．will go C．went D．have gone
3．—What’s the noise, Jim
—My brother ________ the video of his favorite singer.
A．is watching B．watched C．will watch D．watches
4．—I miss my aunt. I ________ her for a year.
—You ________ her in a week.
A．haven’t seen; would see B．don’t see; saw
C．didn’t see; see D．haven’t seen; will see
5．—Listen! What’s that in the next room？
—Someone ________.
A．will cry B．cries C．is crying D．was crying
6．—When shall we leave for Bencha Ancient Town
—________ we keep things on the desk in good order.
A．Till B．Since C．Not until D．Whenever
7．—What a boring trip! We did nothing but listen to the rain in the hotel.
—Why didn’t you check the weather ________ you travelled
A．since B．until C．after D．before
8．—When will we finish the discussion
—________ we reach an agreement.
A．Before B．Until C．Not until D．Since
9．I will go to see my grandparents ________ I get off the plane.
A．as soon as B．as far as C．as long as D．as easily as
10．—When did your uncle leave his hometown for Nanjing
—________ he got a new job in Nanjing.
A．Since B．Not until C．Till D．While
11．His Chinese isn’t ________ to speak to us freely.
A．good enough B．enough good
C．enough well D．well enough
12．She studies very hard ________ she could catch up with her classmates.
A．so that B．so C．in order to D．because
13．The two companies decided to work together ________ they had common interest(利益)．
A．so B．or C．because D．unless
14．He has to make a lot of money ________ he can buy his children nice food and clothes.
A．so that B．such that C．so as to D．in order to
15．—Why do you hope to visit the West Lake some day
—________ it is a beautiful lake in Hangzhou.
A．Until B．If C．Because D．Though
16．_________ Steve has failed many times, he is always full of hope for the future.
A．Since B．If C．Though D．When
17．________ COVID-19 is under control now, we still need to protect ourselves by wearing masks and washing hands often.
A．Because B．Although C．Since D．But
18．—Did she come to school yesterday
—Yes, she did, ________ she was not feeling very well.
A．if B．but C．unless D．though
19．My sister was happy to get a gift from her friend, ________ the gift was only a pencil.
A．unless B．since C．though D．if
20．The’re ________ poor ________ they don’t have anything to eat.
A．so, that B．too, that C．too, to D．such, that
21．________ walk on the grass.
A．Doesn’t B．Don’t C．Not D．Can’t
22．- ___________ excellent work you have done!
-It's very kind of you to say so.
A．What an B．How C．What a D．What
23．You ______ smoke when you see the sign．
A．must B．should C．mustn't D．needn't
24．—______！Didn't you see the sign “No touching！”？
—Sorry，I didn't see it．
A．Try out B．Come on
C．Hurry up D．Hang on a minute
25．—Can you guess if they ________ to play soccer with us
—I think they will come if they ________ free.
A．will come, will be B．come, will be
C．come, are D．will come, are
26．—How will I make my dream come true
—Your dream will come true ________ you work hard.
A．before B．until C．although D．if
27．Some classical music might just help ________ you are under too much pressure.
A．unless B．if C．because D．although
28．I wonder _______ he will come tomorrow or not. ________ he comes, please let me know at once.
A．whether; If B．if; Whether C．that; If D．whether; Whether
29．—Helen, do you know if Jack ________ to my party this Saturday
—Don’t worry. If he ________, he will call you first.
A．will come; will come B．comes; will come C．will come; comes D．comes; comes
30．—Have you finished the paper-cutting
—Not yet. I’ll finish it if I ________ another ten minutes.
A．give B．am given C．will give D．will be given
31．Breakfast ________ every day for people aged over 60 for free in Shijiazhuang.
A．provides B．provided C．is provided D．was provided
32．Different kinds of food ________ by the workers in our school dining hall every day during lunchtime.
A．serve B．will serve C．will be served D．are served
33．—Who will be the winner of the game show
—No one can know the result until it ________ tomorrow morning.
A．will be announced B．will announce C．is announced D．announces
34．People wrote on bamboo, silk or animal bones before paper ________.
A．invent B．invented C．is invented D．was invented
35．As we know, the world’s first seismograph (地动仪) _________ in the Eastern Han Dynasty by Zhang Heng.
A．invents B．invented C．is invented D．was invented
36．—How beautiful Daying is now!
—Great changes ________ in Daying since it ________ in 1997.
A．have taken place; was founded B．has taken place; was founded
C．have been taken place; founded D．took place; founded
37．The sports meeting ________ next Friday. We are all looking forward to it.
A．hold B．is held C．was held D．will be held
38．—Nanjing Road is very crowded these days.
—The workers ________ it. It is said that it ________ soon.
A．repair; finishes B．have repaired; will finish
C．are repairing; will be finished D．repaired; will finish
39．A sports meeting _________ next month in our school.
A．will held B．will be held C．was held D．is held
40．The boss makes the workers _________ twelve hours a day.
A．work B．works C．working D．worked
41．Bondi Beach is one of _________ that I've ever seen in Australia.
A．most beautiful beach B．the most beautiful beaches
C．the most beautiful beach D．most beautiful beaches
42．Qingdao is a great place _________.
A．visit B．visited C．visiting D．to visit
43．Every afternoon, Dale would look out of the room’s only window, describing the scenery __________ for his friend.
A．inside B．back C．outside D．off
44．You can ______ it ______ before you buy the computer.
A．try; out B．try; in C．try; on D．try; for
45．I can store ______ photos on my computer.
A．thousand B．thousands of C．thousand of D．thousands
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