2025届高三上学期英语二轮复习语法定语从句易错讲解+训练 导学案

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名称 2025届高三上学期英语二轮复习语法定语从句易错讲解+训练 导学案
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科目 英语
更新时间 2024-12-19 16:47:05

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2024-2025年深圳高三一模语法《定语从句》易错讲解+训练
基础用法:
①学会“主句”“先行词”“定语从句”“从句所缺充分”的判断
②学会“关系代词”“关系副词”的具体使用
缺“主宾表定”成分 缺“状语”成分
关系代词 关系副词
介词 + whom/which = 关系副词
先行词关系代词从句所充当成分 指“人”who主语/宾语that主语/宾语whom宾语whose定语(所有格) 指“物”which主语/宾语that主语/宾语whose定语(所有格)指“人”+“物”that主语/宾语
定语从句V和先行词的数一致 one of + n复 → V复:This is one of the books which were written by John. the only one of + n复→ V单数 He is the only one of the boys that has learnt French. 非限制定语从句,which代表整体情况【V单】 He said he was a Frenchman,which was true. 【先行词是物】只用that情况◆先行词由all,some,any,much等不定代词引导的时候 ◆先行词由序数词和最高级等修饰的时候 ◆先行词本身是不定代词时候 ◆先行词指人和物两者的时候 ◆主句里面有who,whom的时候 ◆先行词有the very / the only / the last 修饰时 ◆先行词在定语从句中作表语,关系代词也作表语 例:she is no longer the person that she used to be.【先行词是物】只用which情况◆先行词本身是that时候 ◆关系代词前面有逗号时候【非限制定语从句】 ◆关系代词前有介词时候 ◆句子中2个定语从句,一个that一个which
注意: 先行词是强调职业/特性/品质/才能,婴儿/小孩,也可以用which作关系代词。 【先行词是人】只用who情况◆先行词为those,one,he,ones,anyone等时候 ◆there be句型(先行词为人)时候 ◆定语从句有插入语(先行词为人) ◆先行词是god、angel、fairy时 ◆先行词是家庭成员的集体名词,如family ◆非限制定语从句中(先行词为人) ◆句中两个定语从句(先行词为人),一个that一个who避免重复备注:介词 + whom 【指人】 介词 + which【指物】
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 判断先行词在句中成分,句中作主宾定语【关系代词】 在句中作状语~ 【关系副词】= 介词+关系代词 when时间状语 介词+whom【指人】 介词+which【指物】where地点状语why原因状语
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
先行词“ the way ”用法:
在定从中作状语,关系代词用“/”或“in which”或”“that”
eg:The way ▲ he answered the question is surprising.
先行词“situation, case, point, business ”用法:用关系副词where
先行词“occasion 翻译;时机”用法:用关系副词when
eg:It was a special occasion when he answered the question is surprising.
When 引导非限制性定语从句:
eg:The rainbow can’t be seen at noon, when the sun is high in the sky.
《介词+关系代词》注意点:
● 作后置定语,可前置:
Eg. I have 4 apples,most of which are sweet.
= I have 4 apples,of which most are sweet.
● 介词的选择,看前看后看意思:
Eg. The mistakes from which we can learn sometimes are valuable.
《介词+关系副词》注意点:since when/ from where 引导非定从。
Eg. We stand at the top of hill , from where we can see the town.
我们站在山顶,从那里可以看到小镇。
区别:We stand at the top of hill from which we can see the town.
我们站在可以看到小镇的山顶。
限制性定语从句中,特殊易错的关系代词:(as 作主/宾成分)
A类:先行词被“such”修饰,构成“such.....as......”
eg: It was such a book as you gave me.
B类:先行词“the same”修饰,构成“the same.....as......”
eg: It was the same a book as you gave me.
C类:先行词被“as”修饰,构成“as.....as......”
eg: It was as nice a book as you gave me.
D类:先行词被“so”修饰,构成“so+adj+冠词.....as......”
eg: It was so nice a book as you gave me.
《区分》
the same...as...: 前后事物同一类;the same...that.... : 前后事物同一个
such...as...: as 作从句成分; such...that.... : that 不作从句成分
(选学部分)◎ but作关系代词:= that/which/who...not...
Eg. There is no mother but loves her own children.
=There is no mother who/that doesn’t loves her own children.
◎ than作关系代词:= that,但比较的语气比that重,多作主语成分
Eg. You make more money than/that is intended to make.
非限制性定从VS限制性定从:
限制性定从 非限制性定从
无逗号隔开主句 有逗号隔开主句
作先行词的定语,不可少 先行词的补充,可少
翻译:先行词的定语 翻译:主句的并列句
关系词作宾时可省,有that, 用why who可代替whom 关系词不可省,无that, 不用why用for which who不可代替whom
表达一个要点 表达两个要点
当先行词有专有名词/物主代词/指示代词修饰时,用非限定从 从某种意义上来说,非限定从不是定从,而是两个分句连接才一起
非限定关系代词的区别:两个都可以指代整个主句/主句一部分
① which引导的非限定:不能句首
② as 引导的非限定:可放句首/句中/句末,从句不能是否定句
固定搭配:As is often the case 像往常一样
同位语从句VS定语从句:
同位语从句 定语从句
前面是抽象名词 先行词是普通名词/代词
补充,解释,说明 修饰限定
that不充当成分,不可which替代,不可省 that作成分,可which替代, 作宾可以省略
考点:学会区分两大类别
定语从句VS 地点状语从句VS并列句 :
定语从句 地点状语从句 并列句
有先行词,无连词 无先行词,无连词 无先行词,有连词
▲定从:This was a book that my father gave me.
▲地状从:This is where I live .
▲并列句:This was a book and my father gave it to me.
分隔定语从句(理解):定语从句和先行词之间有其他的成分
Eg. You are the very person in the world that I want to find.
区分易错用法:
Is this place the one you like to live in?(the one是先行词)
----This place is the one (that) you like to live in.
Is this the place which/that/省略 you like to live in?
----This place is the place (that/which/省略) you like to live in.
关系代词/关系副词(可省略)情况:
作从句的宾语:
This is the book that/which (省略) my mother bought.
② 作从句的表语:He is not that (省略) he used to be .
③ 作从句there be 句型的主语:
This is the cheapest book that (省略) there has ever been.
④ 作时间状语的关系副词when不省略,也可用that,但在时间time
/day /year/the moment后面则省略:
Eg. That was the year that / when (省略) I first to go abroad.
I can't forget the days when we spent together.
⑤ 关系副词why = for which = that (可充当状语成分,不常用)
Eg. The reason why/ for which /that (省略) he was late for school is unknown.
习题训练
Chapin money is now no problem, will start a new film company with his friends.
whose B.which C. for whom D.who
My sister spent five years at university she studied medicine.
during which time B.during that time C. during which D.during that
Five years of life in prison changed him greatly,for she could hardly recognize him at first sight.
which B.which reason C. that D.that reason
The form of land-taking was characteristic of Wales rather than England, the main settlement was over the low moorlands of Cornwall.
in which B.in which country C. which country D.which
This is the least interesting book during my holidays.
which I have ever read B.what I have ever read
C. I have ever read D.that I have ever read it
6. The last question was obviously the most difficult for me to answer.
A. which he asked B.that he was asked it
C. he asked D.he asked it
7. --How do you like the book
--It’s quite different from I read last month.
that B.which C. the one what D.the one
It is the third time arrived late this month.
that you B.when you C. when you’ve D.that you’ve
Here is the pen you left behind the other day.
which B.that C. with which D.of which
Generally speaking,there is no one loves their parents in the world.
that B.but C. who D.A or B or C
Who studies here wants to go to college
that B.but C. who D.whom
There is none of us wishes to go to Tsinghua University.
but B.that C. who D.which
I’d like to buy the same book was read by Tom yesterday.
which B.as C. that D.B or C
She is the same girl I sat next to in class last week.
as B.who C. that D.A or C
That is the same man asked me for money yesterday.
as B.which C. that D.A or C
Why!I have nothing to confess. you want me to say
What is it that B.What it is that
C. How is it that D.How it is that
17. The family who upstairs all model workers.
lives, are B.live, is
C. lives, is D.live, are
18. The gardener was called to tell the way the poor dog had died.
that B.which C. A or D D.in which、
The house, the doors are painted white, is my grandpa’s.
whose B.which C. of which D.that
I’m going to see the manager tomorrow he will be back from New York.
when B.which C. in which D.on which
I don’t like you speak to her.
the way B.the way in that C. the way which D.the way of which
He was very rude to the customs officer, of course,made things worse.
who B.whom C. what D.which
The house he bought in 1968, and he repaired twenty years later, is again and again.
/,/ B./,which C. which,what D.which,/
She possessed gifts were not only higher than a ready longue, but
paid better in the long turn.
/,what B.that,what C. that,which D.that,/
But now we hear that a new campaign has been launched in China, urges greater efforts to develop agriculture.
one that B.one which C. that D.and which
The three tough guys wore their sun glasses, they had gone to rob the bank with.
the glasses B.that C.one which D.the glasses with which
Wind power is an ancient source of energy, we may return in the near future.
on which B.by which C.to which D.from which
The house I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
in it B.in C.in that D. in which
She’ll never forget her stay there she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
that B.which C.where D. when
The book was written in 1946, the education system has witnessed great changes.
when B.during which C.since then D.since when
Women, drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those don’t.
Who,/ B/, who C.who,who D./,/
Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree they can be controlled on purpose.
with which B.to which C.of which D. for which
Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, used to be poorly run, is now a successful business.
that B.which C. who D. where
After graduation he asked to be sent to the place .
where he is most needed B.where he need
C. where he is mostly needed D. where is he mostly needed
The beautiful dress Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers.
in which B. wearing which C. that D. wearing that
My hometown is no longer the same it used to be.
like B. that C. as D. which
Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, it will keep for two or three weeks.
when B. which C. where D. while
The professor, she sent her friends is Mr. Smith who works in a famous university.
for whom B. to whose C. whom D. at whom
That evening, I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.
that B. which C.what D. when
Samuel survived when the car he was a passenger in turned off the road and hit a tree.
where B. that C. as D. why
Mr. Smith is the very one of the men that learnt French.
that have B. that has C.which have D. who has
I have variety of presents, quite amazing.
that is B. that are C.which is D. which are
I have to say it was a special occasion he put up his hands to answer the questions.
which B. when C.what D. that
I am trying to reach a point both my mother and my brother will sit down together and talk.
where B. when C.that D. which
There is much chance Bill will cover from his injury in time for the race.
that B. which C.until D. if
答案解析:
Chapin money is now no problem, will start a new film company with his friends.
whose B.which C. for whom D.who
My sister spent five years at university 在...期间 she studied medicine.
during which time B.during that time C. during which D.during that
Five years of life in prison changed him greatly,for she could hardly recognize him at first sight.
which B. which reason C. that D.that reason
The form of land-taking was characteristic of Wales rather than England, the main settlement was over the low moorlands of Cornwall.
in which B.in which country C. which country D.which
This is the least interesting book during my holidays.
which I have ever read B.what I have ever read
C. I have ever read D.that I have ever read it
6. The last question was obviously the most difficult for me to answer.
A. which he asked B.that he was asked it
C. he asked D.he asked it
7. --How do you like the book
--It’s quite different from 缺少先行词 I read last month.
that B.which C. the one what D. the one
It is the third time arrived late this month.
固定句型: It is / was + the + 序数词 + that + 现在/过去完成时
that you B.when you C. when you’ve D.that you’ve
Here is the pen you left behind the other day.
which B.that C. with which D.of which
Generally speaking,there is no one loves their parents in the world.
that语义不符 B.but C. who 语义不符 D.A or B or C
Who studies here wants to go to college
that B.but C. who D.whom
There is none of us wishes to go to Tsinghua University.
but B.that C. who D.which
I’d like to buy the same book was read by Tom yesterday.
which B.as 同类 C. that D.B or C
She is the same girl I sat next to in class last week.
as B.who C. that 同物 D.A or C
That is the same man asked me for money yesterday.
as B.which C. that 同物 D.A or C
Why! I have nothing to confess. you want me to say
What is it that 招供 B.What it is that
C. How is it that D.How it is that
17. The family who upstairs all model workers.
lives, are B.live, is
C. lives, is D.live, are
18. The gardener was called to tell the way the poor dog had died.
that B.which C. A or D D.in which
The house, the doors are painted white, is my grandpa’s.
whose B.which C. of which D.that
I’m going to see the manager tomorrow he will be back from New York.
when B.which C. in which D. on which
I don’t like you speak to her.
the way B.the way in that C. the way which D.the way of which
He was very rude to the customs officer, of course, made things worse.
who B.whom C. what D.which (非限制定从)
The house he bought in 1968, and he repaired twenty years later, is again and again.
/,/ B./,which C. which,what D.which,/
She possessed gifts were not only higher than a ready longue, but paid better in the long turn. 躺椅
/,what B.that,what C. that,which D.that,/
But now we hear that a new campaign has been launched in China, 同从+定从 urges greater efforts to develop agriculture.
one that B.one which C. that D.and which
The three tough guys wore their sun glasses, they had gone to rob the bank with. (缺宾)
the glasses B.that C.one which D.the glasses with which
Wind power is an ancient source of energy, we may return in the near future.
on which B.by which C.to which D.from which
The house I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
in it B.in C.in that D. in which
She’ll never forget her stay there she found her son who had gone missing two years before. 逗留期间
that B.which C.where D. when
The book was written in 1946, 完成时+定从 the education system has witnessed great changes.
when B.during which C.since then D.since when
Women, drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those don’t.
Who,/ B/, who C.who,who D./,/
Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree they can be controlled on purpose.
with which B.to which C.of which D. for which
Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, used to be poorly run, is now a successful business.
that B.which C. who D. where
After graduation he asked to be sent to the place .
where he is most needed → 表示程度 B.where he need
C. where he is mostly needed → 表示数量 D. where is he mostly needed
The beautiful dress Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers.
in which B. wearing which C. that D. wearing that
My hometown is no longer the same 同类不同物 it used to be.
like B. that C. as D. which
Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, it will keep for two or three weeks. 缺宾
when B. which C. where D. while
The professor, she sent her friends is Mr. Smith who works in a famous university. send for sb 派人去请sb
for whom B. to whose C. whom D. at whom
That evening, I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.
that B. which 缺宾 C.what D. when
Samuel survived when the car he was a passenger in turned off the road and hit a tree. 缺宾
where B. that C. as D. why
Mr. Smith is the very one of the men 表示单数 learnt French.
that have B. that has C.which have D. who has
I have variety of presents, quite amazing. 非限定从 ---V单
that is B. that are C.which is D. which are
I have to say it was a special occasion he put up his hands to answer the questions. 场合---表示时间
which B. when C.what D. that
I am trying to reach a point both my mother and my brother will sit down together and talk. 状态/程度---表示地点
where B. when C.that D. which
There is much chance Bill will cover from his injury in time for the race.
that B. which C.until D. if