2025届高三英语二轮复习 状语从句用法及练习题 导学案（含答案）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2025届高三英语二轮复习 状语从句用法及练习题 导学案（含答案） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 62.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-12-19 17:12:23 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
高中状语从句的用法及练习题
顾名思义，状语从句主要有状语和从句两部分组成。状语就是提供状况的词语，状语可以是一个词，也可以是一个短语，还可以是一个句子。当状语是一个句子的时候，就是状语从句。从句是相对于主句而言的句子，从句最明显的特征就是有引导词引导。
状语从句离不开连词。连词包括并列连词和从属连词。从属连词主要用于引导状语从句。当从属连词引导句子的时候，那么这个句子就是状语从句。下面就学习主要由从属连词引导的关于状语从句的知识。
一．定义
状语由一个句子来充当，那么这个句子就叫作状语从句。状语从句主要为主句提供一种状况。
eg:Though I am tired,I still work hard.=I still work hard though I am tired.尽管我累了，但是我仍然努力学习。(其中，划线部分为状语从句)
二．结构
状语从句有引导词和从句两部分构成。
⑴引导词：用于引导从句的词就是引导词。状语从句中的引导词主要是从属连词。
⑵从句：与主句相对的句子就是从句。状语从句中的从句是不包括引导词在内的句子。
注：状语从句的主要形式为：主句+引导词+从句.或引导词+从句,主句.
eg:You are sure to pass the exam if you work hard.=If you work hard,you are sure to pass the exam.如果你努力学习，你一定会通过考试。
三．种类
状语从句主要有9种，分别为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句。
四．特点
状语从句引导词主要是从属连词，为主句提供一种状况。引导词一般都不充当任何句子成分。
注：引导状语从句的连词表
状语从句 从属连词(作引导词)
时间状语从句 when/while/as“当……的时候”,while“与……同时”,as“随着；一边……，一边……”,before“在……之前”“还没来得及……就……”；“还没有”；“尚未”“趁着……没有”；“……就”；“……才”,once“一旦”；“一……就”,after“在……之后”,(ever)since“自从……以来”,until/till“直到”,as soon as/the moment(that)/the instant(that)/the minute(that)/directly/immediately/instantly/once / no sooner...than...(=hardly/scarcely...when/before...)(主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时)“一……就”,every/each time“每一次”,next time“下一次”,any time“任何时候”,the first/second/last…time从句“第一次、第二次、最后一次……”,by the time (that)“到……时”等
地点状语从句 where“(在)……地方；(在)……情况下”,wherever(=everywhere)“在/去……的任何地方”；“在……的各个地方；各处；处处；到处”,anywhere“在任何……的地方”“任何……的地方”等
条件状语从句 if“如果”,unless“除非……；如果不……；如果没有……”,providing(that)/provided(that)“假设”，“假如”“如果”，“在……条件下”,suppose/supposing“假设，假定”(用于假设某事发生后带来的后果)；“让……”(用于提出建议),on condition (that)(=only if)“条件是……，在……条件下”,as/so long as“只要”,in case“假使”等
目的状语从句 in order that/so that“以便，为了”,in case“以防(万一)”,for fear that“唯恐，以免，以便不”等
原因状语从句 because(=in that)“因为”,as“由于”,since(=now that)“既然”,for fear that“因(为)怕”，“生怕”,considering (that)“鉴于；考虑到”(=given that),seeing (that)“鉴于；由于”等
结果状语从句 so that“结果，这样，于是，因此，所以”,so…that/such…that“如此……以致于”等
让步状语从句 although/though/while/as“虽然；尽管”,even though/even if“即使”,whether…or…“不管/无论……还是……”,no matter…“无论……”,however“无论怎样……”,wh-ever“无论/不管……”等
方式状语从句 as if/as though“似乎；好像”,just as“正如；正像”as“像……那样；照……方式，如同，按照”,as/so far as“就……(而言)”，“在……看来”(用于陈述自己对某事物的看法或对自己有何影响，尤指不在乎别人怎么说),considering“就……而言；考虑到”,but (that)(=except (that))“除了”等
比较状语从句 as…as“像……那样”,not so(as)…as“不像……那样”,than“比”,The+比较句…,the+比较句…“越……，越……”等
注：由上表可知，状语从句主要由从属连词引导。另外，状语从句也可以由名词短语、代词、副词或介词短语等引导。
五．用法
㈠时间状语从句
⒈when,while,as“当……的时候”的区别
⑴when从句动词可以是延续性的，也可以是短暂性的。主从句动作既可以有同时性，又可以有先后性(此时，只可用when①——②)。
⑵while从句动词只能是延续性的(持续时间一般较长)。主从句动作可以有同时性(相伴发生，动作主体一般为两个)，更侧重主从句动作相对比(此时，多用while)。或表示主句动作发生在从句所表达的时间段之内。
⑶as从句动词可以是延续性的(持续时间一般不长)，也可以是短暂性的。用法同when相似。强调主从句动作有同时性 (并向发生，动作主体一般为同一个)。
以上区别具体表现如下表：(when,while,as“当……的时候”，具有同时性时的区别。)
⑴
主句动词 引导词 从句动词
短暂 when/as 短暂
短暂 when/while/as 延续
延续(过去进行时) when 短暂(一般过去时)
延续 when/while 延续
或：
⑵
引导词 从句动词 主句动词
When/As 短暂, 短暂
When/While/As 延续, 短暂
When 短暂(一般过去时), 延续(过去进行时)
When/While 延续, 延续
注1：主从句表示现在或过去重复性而非一次性事件，主从句通常都用一般时态，此时多用when。③——④
注2：主从句动词都有延续性，且延续时间大体相当，when,while可互换。 ——
注3：主从句动词都有短暂性，when,as可互换。 ——
注4：在以下两种情况中，when,while,as可互换。 ——
㈠如果主句表示的是短暂动作或延续动作较短，从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，那么when, while和as可以互换使用。
㈡当从句动词为延续性动词时，此时when, while和as可以互换使用。
注5：当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构，其主语与主句主语一致，且表语为名词时，可用as引导的省略句来代替when引导的从句。
注6：as有“一边……，一边……”，表示动作交替进行，说明两种正在发展或变化的情况；另外，as还有“随着”的意思，表示主句背景跟着从句所表达的时间变化而变化。不强调先后。 ——
注7：while引导的时间状语从句多用于进行时态，尤其是从句和主句动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候。⑤——⑩另外，while还有“与……同时”；“趁着”的意思。
when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态，尤其是主句是过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时。
eg:①When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.当他完成作业的时候，他休息了一小会儿。
②Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.当他到派对的时候大多数客人已经离开了。
③When he goes to town,he (always)visits his aunt.当他去城里的时候，他(总是)看望他的姑姑。
④Tom brings me a present when he goes to visit me.汤姆来看望我时，就会给我带来一个礼物。
⑤Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.在他人工作时，请不要说话那么大声。
⑥Don’t interrupt him while he is thinking.他在思考时别去打断他。
⑦Pat killed time by watching TV while he was waiting for her.帕特在等她时通过看电视打发时间。
⑧Some students were reading while others were writing.当其它学生在写字的时候，一些学生在读书。(进行对比)
⑨While Mary was writing an e-mail,the children were playing outside.玛丽写电子邮件时，孩子们都在外面玩耍。(进行对比)
⑩I read a magazine while I was waiting.在我等待的时候，我读了一本杂志。
Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。
As time went by,her hair became gray.随着时间的过去，她的头发变得灰白。
As years pass, our country is becoming stronger and stronger.随着岁月的流逝，我们的祖国正在变得越来越强大。
As we walked,we talked.我们边走边谈。
When he was a child(=As a child),he studied very well.当他是个孩子的时候，他学习非常好。
When/As he arrived in Shanghai, she met him at the station.当他到上海时，她在车站接他。
When/As you telephoned me,I was drawing a picture.(同时发生)当你给我打电话时，我正在画画。
Please write when/as I read.我念的时候，请写下来。
It was raining when/as we arrived.=When/As we arrived,it was raining.当我们到的时候，天正在下雨。
He smiled politely when/as Mary apologized for her drunken friends.当玛丽为她醉酒的朋友道歉的时候，他礼貌地微笑。
Just as/when they were leaving,a message arrived.就在他们要离开的时候，突然有了消息。
When/While I read,she sang.我看书的时候，她唱歌。
I was cooking the dinner when/while he was playing the piano.=I cooked the dinner when/while he played the piano.当他在弹钢琴的时
候，我正在做晚饭。
When/While/As I was working there,I made a lot of friends.我在那工作的时候交了许多朋友。
When/While/As we were dancing, a stranger came in.当我们在跳舞的时候，一个陌生人进来了。
I fell asleep when/while/as he was reading the newspaper.当他在看报纸的时候，我睡着了。
When/While/As you are there,can you get me some rare stamps 当你在那的时候，你能给我买一些稀有的邮票吗？
When/While/As he stood there,he saw two men enter the house.当他站在那的时候，他看到两个人进了房子。
Mother was worried because little Alice was ill,especially when/while/as Father was away in France.
She can write only when/while/as the baby is asleep.只有婴儿睡着的时候，她才能写作。
The boy was listening to music when/while/as he rode his bike.这位男孩在骑车的时候在听音乐。
When I got home,mother was cooking the dinner.当我到家的时候，妈妈正在做晚饭。
Just as he caught the ball,there was a tearing sound.在他把球抓住的时候，可以听到一种撕裂的声音。
As I was going out,the telephone rang.我正要出去的时候，电话铃响了。
⒉before的用法
before原意为“在……之前”。
eg:①I must finish the task before I go home.我必须在回家之前完成这项任务。
②You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason before you reach any decision.你必须学会做任何决定之前要兼顾好情感与理
智。
另外，它还有以下其它意思。
⑴“还没来得及……就……”；“还没有……”；“尚未……”；“趁着……没有”
eg:①He died before he wrote a will他还没来得及写遗嘱就死了。.
②His father died before he was born.他尚未出生爸爸就死了。
③Please write it down before you forget it.趁着你没有忘请把它写下来。
⑵“……就”(强调时间、距离短；花费的精力小；过程顺利)
eg:①I hadn’t waited long before he came.我没等多久他就来了。
②I hadn’t gone far before I felt tired.我没走多远就感觉到累了。
③There is only one more day to go before your favorite music group play live.仅再剩下一天你最喜欢的乐队组合就要现场演出了。
④We had no much difficulty before we found her home.我们没费多大劲就找到了她的家。
⑤It took me few tries before I climbed over the wall.我没尝试几次就爬过了这道墙。
⑶“……才”(强调时间、距离长；花费的精力大；过程曲折)
eg:①It will be ten years before we meet again.过十年我们才能再见面。
②The Chinese red army of workers and peasants covered 25,000 Li in Long March before they won the revolutionary victory.中国工农红军
走完了两万五千里长征才赢得了革命胜利。
③Mary worked hard enough before she got first prize.玛丽学习非常努力才获得了一等奖。
④We need more data and facts before we make the final decision.我们需要更多的数据和事实才能做出最终的决定。
注：句型：It will be+一段时间+before…“过多久就……”或“还要多久才……”
eg:①It won’t be long before we meet again.过不了多长时间我们就会再见面了。
②It will be ten years before I come back.十年后我才能回来。
⒊till/until“直到……时候(某动作停止了)”的用法
一般情况下，till/until可以通用。但在强调句型中或until/not until位于句首时，此时只用until。till/until用于肯定句时，主句须和持/延续性动词或重/反复性动词连用，表示主句动作的终点，意为“直到……为止”。till/until用于否定句时，主句须和短暂性动词连用，表示主句动作的起点，意为“不到……不”；“直到……才”。
eg:①We waited until/till Tom arrived here yesterday.昨天我们一直等到汤姆到这儿。
②He didn’t go to bed until/till his parents came back last night.昨天晚上他直到父母回来才上床睡觉。
③Until they used up all their money,the young couple were very happy.这对年轻夫妇非常高兴，直到他们花光了所有的钱。
④Until you told me I had no idea of it.直到你告诉我，我才知道此事。
⑤It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. 就是直到你告诉我，我才知道此事。
⑥Not until you told me did I have any idea of it. 直到你告诉我，我才知道此事。
注：until,before区别
⑴从时间上来说，二者都表示主句情景发生在从句情景之前。
eg:①I started my meal before Tom arrived.在汤姆到之前我就开始吃饭了。
②I disliked Mary until I got to know her.在我了解玛丽之前，我一直不喜欢她。
⑵与until/till从句连用的主句，若是肯定句，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。而与before从句连用的主句，其谓语动词却没有这个限制。
eg:①I waited until she returned.我一直等到她回来。
②I shaved before I went to the party.在参加宴会之前，我刮了胡子。
⑶与until/till从句连用的主句，若是否定句，until从句表示主句动作的起点。而before从句却并非如此。
eg:①I won’t know until I get a letter from him.等我收到他的信后我才会知道。
②I hadn’t waited long before he came.我没等多长时间，他就来了。
⑷当肯定的主句的谓语动词为延续性动词时，二者可以互换。
eg:①She waited before/until we got there.她一直等到我们到那。
②It was two hours before/until the police arrived.过了两个小时，警察才到。
⑸before引导的从句也可以与否定的主句连用，有时在意义上有所区别。
eg:①He didn’t arrive until I came back.直到我回来时他才到。
②He didn’t arrive before I came back.在我回来之前他尚未到达。
③I didn’t know any English before/until I came there.在我来这之前，我一点英语也不懂。
⒋as soon as, once引导时间状语从句的区别
⑴as soon as强调时间的紧接性，意为“一……就”。
⑵once带有条件意味，意为“一旦”；“一……就”。
eg:①I'll tell you as soon as he comes back.他一回来我就告诉你。
②Once you start, you will never give up.开弓没有回头箭。
注意：其它一些名词或副词也可引导时间状语从句。主要有：the moment(that)/the instant(that)/the minute(that)/directly/immediately/instantly“一……就”,every/each time“每一次”,next time“下一次”,any time“任何时候”,the first/second/last…time从句“第一次、第二次、最后一次……的时候”等。
eg:I want to see him the moment he arrives.希望他一到我就见到他。
练习：
1.I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice ___________ (minute)I picked up the phone.
2.__________ they decide which college to go to,students should research the admission procedures.
3._________ I lived in the countryside,I used to carry some water for him.
4.We have been good friends ever ___________ they were in high school.
5.No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon _________ he got off bed to start his work.
㈡地点状语从句
where“(在)……地方；(在)……情况下”,wherever(=everywhere)“在/去……的任何地方”；“在……的各个地方；各处；处处；到处”,anywhere“在任何……的地方”“任何……的地方”等
eg:①Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者，事竟成。
②They were warmly welcomed wherever they went.在他们去的任何地方，他们都受到热烈的欢迎。
③Everywhere he goes,he will never forget that terrible experience.他去任何地方，他都忘不了那次可怕的经历。或无论他去任何地方，
他都忘不了那次可怕的经历。
④His cats follow him everywhere he goes.他走到哪里，他的猫就跟到哪里。
⑤You can go anywhere you want.你可以去任何你想去的地方。
练习：
1.When he reads a book,his habit is to make a mark _____________ the meaning is unclear to him.
2.Half an hour later,Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi ___________ the bus had dropped her.
3.You’d better not leave the medicine _______ kids can get at(能够着，触及)it.
4.“Make a mark _________ you have any doubts or questions,”the teacher required.
5.Everything was placed exactly __________ he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.
㈢条件状语从句
unless(=if...not)“除非”；“如果不……”；“如果没有……”的用法，它符合“主将从现”原则。
eg:①We’ll feel very happy if you get first prize in the coming exam.如果你在即将到来的考试中获得一等奖，我们将感到很开心。
②We won’t have a picnic unless it’s sunny tomorrow.如果明天天气不放晴，我们将不去野餐。
练习：
1.You can be allowed to play the game ___________ (condition)you finish your homework first.
2.__________ we don’t lose heart,we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.
3.I’ll stay at home ________ I’m invited.
4.I will go,_________ (provide)my expenses are paid.
5.It’s just unfair;______I was working as a waiter last month,my friends were lying on the beach.
㈣目的状语从句
so that既可引导目的状语从句(无逗)意为“以便，为了”；也可引导结果状语从句(有逗)意为“结果……”。
eg:①I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand me.我将说话慢一点，以便于你能听懂我。
②He raised his voice,so that everyone heard him.他抬高了他的声音，结果每一个人都听到他说话了。
③The store was closed,so that I couldn’t buy that skirt.那家商店关门了，因此我没能买那条裙子。
练习：
1.We should protect our environment from being polluted __________ our next generation will enjoy a blue sky and live a healthy life.
2.Don’t stay out in such bad weather for ______ that you might catch a cold.
3.The boy works very hard in _______ that he can catch up with others.
4.She was so angry that she rushed out into the rain __________ I could stop her.
5.If you are travelling __________ the customs are really foreign to your own,please do as the Romans do.
㈤原因状语从句
because,as,since,for的区别
⑴because,as,since为从属原因连词，而for为并列原因连词。
⑵because(=in that)“因为”语气最强，多用于给出听者未知的原因，常常位于句尾，成为信息的焦点。既能回答why的提问，也能用于强调句型中，还可用于搭配not...but...或与强调词just,only,merely及与否定词not连用；只有在表示强调时才位于主句之前。
eg:①—Why didn’t you phone me last night 昨天晚上你为什么没给我打电话？
—Because I didn’t want to disturb you.因为我不想打扰你。
②I didn’t want it because it’s too big.我不想要它，因为它太大了。
③I did it because he told me to do so.我做这件事因为是他吩咐的。
④It was because I missed the early bus that I was late for school.我上学迟到是因为我没有赶上早班汽车。
⑤You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you.你不要只是因为有人说你坏话而生气。
⑥If you feel cold,that’s because you didn’t put on your overcoat,如果你感到冷的话，那是因为你没有穿上外套。
⑦Because she was ill,she didn’t come to school.因为她病了，所以她没来上学。
⑧I study English not because I want to pass the exam,but because I like it.我学习英语，不是因为我想考试过关，而是因为我喜欢英语。
⑶as“由于”语气较弱，一般为听者已知的原因，主从句所表达的内容同等重要，二者之间存在有因果关系。重在通过分析、陈述或解释为什么一种特殊情况的存在或某人为什么做某事。有时as含有“既然”的意思(=since)。
eg:①As he’s a qualified doctor,I trust his advice on medical matters.由于他是一位合格的医生，所以我信任他在医疗事情上的建议。
②As I had a cold,I didn’t attend the meeting.由于我感冒了，我没去参加会议。
③As we had no money,we couldn’t buy anything to eat.由于我们没有钱，我们不可能买任何吃的东西。
④We all like her as she is kind.我们都喜欢她，因为她善良。
⑤As/Since you’re not feeling well,you may stay at home.既然你感觉不舒服，你可以呆在家里。
⑷since(=now that)“既然”多用于口语，语气微弱，一般是就对方陈述的既定事实作为理由。重在给出一个原由或借口。主从句因果关系不明显。常位于句首。(注：now that引导的从句只表示“新出现的情况”，在句子中作主句动作发生的原因。)
eg:①Since we have come,let’s stay and enjoy it.既来之，则安之。
②Since everybody knows about it,I don’t want to talk any more.既然大家都了解了这个事，我就不想再说什么了。
③Since you don’t want to go,we won’t force you to.既然你不想去，我们就不勉强你了。
④Since you insist,I must go.既然你坚持，我必须去。
⑤Since you are unable to answer,perhaps we should ask someone else.既然你不能回答，我们就应该问别人了。
⑥Now that/Since the rain is going to stop,we’d better get ready for the afternoon’s match.既然雨要停了，我们最好为下午比赛做好准备。
⑸for“因为”语气最弱，表示对某一事实进行推测的或附加说明的理由，是对已发生情况的补充说明。一般不位于句首。
eg:①He can’t have gone,for the light is still on.他不可能走了，因为灯还在亮着呢。
②It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.昨晚准是下过雨，因为地面是湿的。
③He must be ill,for he is absent today.他一定病了，因为他今天缺席了。
练习：
1.___________ (consider)that he is no more than 12 years old,his height of 1.80m is quite remarkable(不寻常的).
2.____________ offensive nicknames are seen as a form of bullying at school,next time you want to call someone by its nickname,weigh it before you do.
3.____________ you’re so interested in English,why not have a try in the English Speech Contest
4._________ a lot of classics were written so long ago,their language characteristics are quite different from those of modern works.
5.____________ (that)we’ll be walking for almost two weeks,I’ll need to buy a large,strong,light backpack in advance to carry my supplies of food and water.
㈥结果状语从句
so…that...与such…that...“如此……以致于……”的区别
⑴so为副词，such为形容词。
⑵具体结构如下：
so+adj./adv.原级+that ××××××××××××××××××××
so+adj.+a/an+n(可单)+that such+a/an+adj.+n(可单)+that
so+many/few+ns(可复)+that such+adj.+ns(可复) +that
so+much/little(少的)+n(不可数)+that such+adj.+n(不可数)+that
注：⒈只修饰形容词、副词原级时，只可用so。
⒉修饰单数名词时，二者可以互换。（即：so+adj.+a/an+n(可单)+that= such +a/an+adj.+n(可单)+that）
⒊修饰复数和不可数名词时，多多少少用so，不多不少用such。
eg:①He was so careless that he forgot to write his name on the paper.他是如此粗心以致于忘了把名字写在试卷上了。
②It’s so good a chance that we mustn’t miss it.=It’s such a good chance that we mustn’t miss it.这是如此好的一个机会，以致于我们不可以错过。
③There is so much delicious food that we can’t eat all.有那么多美味的食物，以致于我们不能够吃完。
④It’s such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.这是那么好的天气以致于我们所有的人都想去公园。
⑤He earned so little money that he couldn’t support his family.他挣如此少的钱，以致于他不能养活他的一家人。
练习：
1.We were in __________ an anxious rush when we left that we forgot the airline ticket.
2.Peter was so excited __________ he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.
3.________ a good boy is he that we all love him.
4.The explosion rocked the lake with such a force _________ dead fish immediately began to surface.
5.He has ______ little money that he can’t even afford such a little house.
㈦让步状语从句
⑴as/though“尽管”；“即使”的倒装
(最高级前无冠词)adj./adv.+as/though+主+系v/谓语v+其它，
(前无冠词)n+as/though+主+系v/谓语v+其它，
V原形(短语)+as/though+主+助v/情态v+其它，
eg:①Young as/though Tom is,he knows a lot.尽管汤姆年纪小，但他懂很多事情。
②Much as/though I admire her,I can’t excuse her faults. 尽管我非常崇拜她，但是我不能原谅她的过错。
③Boy as/though he was,he behaved like a girl.他虽然是个男孩，举止却像个女孩。
④Search as/though they might,they could find nobody in the house. 尽管他们可能寻找了，但是他们在家里不能找到任何人。
⑤Change your mind as/though you will,you will gain no additional support.即使你愿意改变主意，你也不会得到另外的支持了。
⑵while引导的让步状语从句(=although/though)，通常位于主句之前。
eg:While I always felt I would pass the exam,I never thought I would get an A.
⑶whether...or...“不管是/无论是……还是……”引导让步状语从句，表示在从句所提供的两种选择之下，主句所表示的结果都一样。
eg:Whether she goes abroad or stays at home,her parents will support her.她无论是出国还是留在国内，她的父母都支持她。
注：若从句中含有bev，可用be型特殊倒装结构来表示。
eg:①Whether he is rich or poor,she will marry him.=Be he rich or poor,she will marry him.
②We must finish this work whether it is early or late.=We must finish this work be it early or late.
⑷wherever既可以引导让步状语从句，又可以引导地点状语从句(表示地点或方向)。
eg:①Wherever he is,he will be thinking of you.无论他在哪里，都会想念你。(让步状语从句)他在任何地方，都会想念你。(地点状从)
②Everywhere he goes,he will never forget that terrible experience.无论他去什么地方，他都忘不了那次可怕的经历。(让步状语从句)或他
去任何地方，他都忘不了那次可怕的经历。(地点状语从句)
③Sit wherever you like.你想坐在哪，就坐在哪。(地点状语从句)
④Go wherever he tells you to go.他吩咐你去哪里，你就去哪里。(地点状语从句)
★注：
一些代词、副词whatever,whichever,whichever+n(s),whoever,however,whenever,wherever也可引导让步状语从句或名词从句的情况。
whatever=no matter what(引导让步状语从句) 或whatever=anything that(引导名词性从句)
whoever=no matter who(引导让步状语从句) 或whoever=anybody who(引导名词性从句)
whichever=no matter which(引导让步状语从句)或whichever=the n(s)which(引导名词性从句)
whichever+n(s)=no matter which+n(s)(引导让步状语从句)whichever+n(s)=the n(s)which(引导名词性从句)
however=no matter how(引导让步状语从句) whenever=no matter when(引导让步状语从句)
wherever=no matter where(引导让步状语从句)
练习题：
1.Hard _________ he tried,he couldn’t force the door open,which made him like an ant on a hot pan.
2.All the nations should be equal,_________ they are strong or not.
3.We had to wait about an hour ________ we had already booked a table on New Year’s Eve.
4.Unsatisfied ________ he was with the payment,he took the job just to get some work experience.
5.Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice,_________ they knew it to be valuable.
㈧方式状语从句
方式状语从句常用as if/as though“似乎；好像”,just as“正如；正像”,as“像……那样；照……方式，如同，按照”,as far as“就……(而言)”等引导。
eg:①The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.这位老太太对待这个男孩好像他是她亲生儿子似的。
②Do it as you are told to,or you’ll be fired.按照你被吩咐的去做，否则你会被开除的。
③I feel as if I have a fever.我感觉好像我发烧了。
④As far as I am concerned,you can do what you like.就我而言，你想干什么就可以干什么。
用法：
1.as if/though“仿佛，好像”引导方式状语从句或表语从句的用法。
as if之后既可以使用虚拟语气，也可以使用真实语气，完全依表达需要而定。
⑴as if/though引导从句的虚拟语气与主从句表示的谓语动作先后性和同时性有关，具体表现如下：
㈠如果as if/though引导的从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词动作同时发生，那么从句的谓语动词应用一般过去时虚拟。
㈡如果as if/though引导的从句谓语动词先于主句谓语动词动作发生，那么从句谓语动词用过去完成时虚拟；
㈢如果as if/though引导的从句谓语动词后于主句谓语动词动作发生，那么从句谓语动词用过去将来时虚拟。
eg:①He talked to them as if they were children.他同他们说话，好像他们是孩子一样。.
②He talked as if he were drunk.他说话时好像喝多了一样。
③She closed her eyes as if she were too tired.她闭上了她的眼睛好像她太累了。
④He speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.他说英语那么流利好像在美国学习过英语一样。
⑤He learns English so hard as if he would go to the U.S.A.他学习英语那么努力好像要去美国似的。
⑵如果as if从句所描述的情景被看作是真实的或可能是真实的，通常使用真实语气。
eg:①It looks as if/though it is going to rain.
②I feel as if/though I have a fever.
注：as if/though引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构，也可省略主语和系动词，只保留if/though后的名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词等。
eg:He opened his mouth as if/though to say something.
2.as it is(,)...；...as it is区别
⑴用于句首的as it is的前面一般有一个与事实相反的情节。as it is “事实上；实际上；实际情况是”，用来陈述真实的情况。
eg:①I thought things would get better,but as it is they are getting worse.我以为情况会好转，但事实上反而更糟了。
②As it is,we can hardly get to the station by 6 o’clock.事实上，我们六点钟前很难赶到车站。
⑵用于句末的as it is常常放在名词或代词的后面。...as it is“按原来的样子；照现在的样子；就以现在这个样子；根据现在情况看”，it替代前面的单数名词或代词的。
注：在,,,as it is中，如果前面的名词为复数形式，应将it改为they，将is改为are；如果前面代词为I(me)，则改为am。
eg:①Leave it as it is.别动它，请保持它原来的样子。
②They agreed to buy the house as it is.他们同意就按房子的现状买下这栋房子。
③Paint me as I am.把我如实地画出来。
④State the facts as they are.实事求是地把事实摆出来。
练习题：
1.He stared at me __________ he saw me for the first time.
2.The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months;it will be a long time ________ we meet them again.
3.If things are left ________ they are,the problems will never be settled,I’m afraid.
4._______ you call me to say you’re not coming,I’ll see you at the theater.
5.Just ________ a single word can change the meaning of a sentence,a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.
㈨比较状语从句
1.比较句中的比较必须是同类事物、同等结构的比较。原级比较标志为as…as，否定为not as/so…as。比较级比较标志为than或语义暗示。最高级的标志为of+同类的人或物(≥3)和in+地点范围。
2.what/as/be like也可引导对称或对比关系的状语从句。
句型为：A is to B what/as/be like C is to D.“A对于B而言正如C对于D那样。”“A之于B，如同C之于D。”
eg:①Railway is to transportation what blood is to a man’s body.铁路对于交通(的重要性)，正如血液对于人体(的重要性)那样。
②Air is to us what/as/is like water is to fish.空气之于我们，如同水之于鱼。
练习：
1.We’re doing everything we can to make things as easy for you ___________ we can.
2.It was much better _________ I’d expected.
3.The job is not so difficult _______ I thought it would be.
4.Health experts have known for years that kids who grow up on a farm have fewer incidences(发病率) ________ city kids do.
5.The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times _______ big as the present one.
注：
㈠状语从句中的省略：
在时间、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it，且从句中含有be动词的形式，那么从句中的主语和be动词形式可同时省略。
eg:①While (I was) in Beijing,I paid a visit to the Great Wall.
②If (it is) necessary,please ask me to help you.
㈡连词的连用：
because不可与so连用；if不可与and连用。although/though/while/as不可与but,however等词连用，但可与yet,still“仍然，不过”,nevertheless等词连用；
注：
有些连词可以作副词用：though,in case,(ever) since,nevertheless,but“然而，(只)不过(在口语中使用频率很高，并常用于句首)”；“仅仅，不过，只，才”；“只有，只能，只得”等。
eg:①He is young.He knows a lot,though.=Though he is young,he knows a lot.
②I don’t think it will rain,but I’ll take an umbrella,just in case.= I’ll take an umbrella just in case it should rain.
③He came here in 2000.He has been working here ever since.= He has been working here ever since he came here in 2000.
④He was very tired.He didn’t stop walking nevertheless.=He was very tired,nevertheless he didn’t stop walking.
⑤He can but admit that it was his fault.他只得承认这是他的错误。
⑥But most importantly,great stories have a central drama.
㈢whatever从句中的省略
whatever从句有时可以省略从句中的bev。
eg:①The building must be saved,whatever the cost (is).
②Whatever your argument (is),I shall hold on to my decision.
㈣在“主将从现”原则中，从句可用一般现在时或现在完成时表示(具体的)将来。(“主将从现”原则具体内容：在时间或条件状语从句中，如果主句为将来时或表示将来时含义的句子(如：祈使句、情态句等)，那么从句常用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来。)(注：从句用现在完成时表示从句动作结束时，主句动作才会发生。)
eg:①We will have a picnic if it is fine tomorrow.
②You can’t go out to play with others if you haven’t finished your homework.
另：如果主句表示一般性事实、实际情况、程序流程等时，那么它在主将从现原则中主句仍然用一般现在时的时态。
eg:①—So what’s the procedure
—All the applicants are interviewed before a final decision is made by the authority.
②In my hometown,there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut.
㈤when,while,as“当……的时候”，同时性。引导状语从句时具体区别如下表：
从动 引导词 主动 从动短 从动延
主动短 when/as when/while/as(另：主句动词有时也可用较短时间长度的延续性动词)
主动延 when/as(注：主句为一般过去时，从句为过去进行时) when/while
㈥状语从句引导词简表
引导词 具体内容 结构 词义 词性 成分 作用 可否省略
从属连词 时间、地点、条件、目的、原因、结果、方式、让步和比较 从属连词+句子 除that引导名词从句无词义外，其余均有词义 连词 不充当任何句子成分 提供状况 一般不省
㈥判断状语从句的方法
主句、从句都是是完整的。判断是否是状语从句可以从两个方面来着手。
结构：主句+[引导词+从句].或[引导词+从句,]主句. (注意：引导词不在从句内。)
语意：在……状况下(从句)，……(主句)。
答案：
并列连词练习
请判定下列并列连词是简单连词、关联连词或是短语连词，然后确定出它是表示什么关系的连词。
1.简单连词，转折2.关联连词，选择3.简单连词，因果4.短语连词，选择5.简单连词，时间/转折6.关联连词，递进7.简单连词，因果8.短语连词，选择9.短语连词，联合10.关联连词，选择11.简单连词，联合、递进或顺承/因果12.简单连词，转折
连词对应练习：
请判定以下连词是并列连词或从属连词，然后确定是简单连词、关联连词或是短语连词，以及它们所表示出来的关系。
1.并列连词，关联连词，选择2.并列连词，简单连词，联合、递进或顺承/因果3.从属连词，简单连词，条件4.从属连词，短语连词，目的/结果5.从属连词，短语连词，时间6.并列连词，简单连词，因果7.从属连词，短语连词，方式8.从属连词，简单连词，让步9.从属连词，简单连词，比较10.并列连词，简单连词，时间/从属连词，简单连词，时间11.并列连词，关联连词，递进12.并列连词，短语连词，选择13.从属连词，短语连词，目的14.从属连词，简单连词，地点15.从属连词，简单连词，比较16.并列连词，简单连词，选择17.从属连词，简单连词，让步18.从属连词，简单连词，比较19.并列连词，短语连词，联合20.并列连词，关联连词，联合
并列句答案：1.and2.nor3.otherwise/or/or else4.but5.while6.so7.but8.for9.and10.when
状语从句答案：㈠时间状语从句1.the minute2.Once3.When/While4.since5.than㈡地点状语从句1.where/wherever/anywhere2.where3.where/wherever/anywhere4.where/wherever/anywhere5.where㈢条件状语从句1.on condition that2.So/As long as3.unless4.Provided/Providing (that)5.while㈣目的状语从句1.so that/in order that2.fear3.order4.before5.where㈤原因状语从句1.Considering2.Since/Now that3.Since/Now that4.Because5.Now that㈥结果状语从句1.such2.when3.Such4.that5.so㈦让步状语从句1.though/as2.whether3.although/though4.though/as5.even if/though或although/though㈧方式状语从句1.as if/though2.before3.as4.Unless5.as㈨比较状语从句1.as2.than3.as4.than5.as
顾名思义，状语从句主要有状语和从句两部分组成。状语就是提供状况的词语，状语可以是一个词，也可以是一个短语，还可以是一个句子。当状语是一个句子的时候，就是状语从句。从句是相对于主句而言的句子，从句最明显的特征就是有引导词引导。
状语从句离不开连词。连词包括并列连词和从属连词。从属连词主要用于引导状语从句。当从属连词引导句子的时候，那么这个句子就是状语从句。下面就学习主要由从属连词引导的关于状语从句的知识。
一．定义
状语由一个句子来充当，那么这个句子就叫作状语从句。状语从句主要为主句提供一种状况。
eg:Though I am tired,I still work hard.=I still work hard though I am tired.尽管我累了，但是我仍然努力学习。(其中，划线部分为状语从句)
二．结构
状语从句有引导词和从句两部分构成。
⑴引导词：用于引导从句的词就是引导词。状语从句中的引导词主要是从属连词。
⑵从句：与主句相对的句子就是从句。状语从句中的从句是不包括引导词在内的句子。
注：状语从句的主要形式为：主句+引导词+从句.或引导词+从句,主句.
eg:You are sure to pass the exam if you work hard.=If you work hard,you are sure to pass the exam.如果你努力学习，你一定会通过考试。
三．种类
状语从句主要有9种，分别为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句。
四．特点
状语从句引导词主要是从属连词，为主句提供一种状况。引导词一般都不充当任何句子成分。
注：引导状语从句的连词表
状语从句 从属连词(作引导词)
时间状语从句 when/while/as“当……的时候”,while“与……同时”,as“随着；一边……，一边……”,before“在……之前”“还没来得及……就……”；“还没有”；“尚未”“趁着……没有”；“……就”；“……才”,once“一旦”；“一……就”,after“在……之后”,(ever)since“自从……以来”,until/till“直到”,as soon as/the moment(that)/the instant(that)/the minute(that)/directly/immediately/instantly/once / no sooner...than...(=hardly/scarcely...when/before...)(主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时)“一……就”,every/each time“每一次”,next time“下一次”,any time“任何时候”,the first/second/last…time从句“第一次、第二次、最后一次……”,by the time (that)“到……时”等
地点状语从句 where“(在)……地方；(在)……情况下”,wherever(=everywhere)“在/去……的任何地方”；“在……的各个地方；各处；处处；到处”,anywhere“在任何……的地方”“任何……的地方”等
条件状语从句 if“如果”,unless“除非……；如果不……；如果没有……”,providing(that)/provided(that)“假设”，“假如”“如果”，“在……条件下”,suppose/supposing“假设，假定”(用于假设某事发生后带来的后果)；“让……”(用于提出建议),on condition (that)(=only if)“条件是……，在……条件下”,as/so long as“只要”,in case“假使”等
目的状语从句 in order that/so that“以便，为了”,in case“以防(万一)”,for fear that“唯恐，以免，以便不”等
原因状语从句 because(=in that)“因为”,as“由于”,since(=now that)“既然”,for fear that“因(为)怕”，“生怕”,considering (that)“鉴于；考虑到”(=given that),seeing (that)“鉴于；由于”等
结果状语从句 so that“结果，这样，于是，因此，所以”,so…that/such…that“如此……以致于”等
让步状语从句 although/though/while/as“虽然；尽管”,even though/even if“即使”,whether…or…“不管/无论……还是……”,no matter…“无论……”,however“无论怎样……”,wh-ever“无论/不管……”等
方式状语从句 as if/as though“似乎；好像”,just as“正如；正像”as“像……那样；照……方式，如同，按照”,as/so far as“就……(而言)”，“在……看来”(用于陈述自己对某事物的看法或对自己有何影响，尤指不在乎别人怎么说),considering“就……而言；考虑到”,but (that)(=except (that))“除了”等
比较状语从句 as…as“像……那样”,not so(as)…as“不像……那样”,than“比”,The+比较句…,the+比较句…“越……，越……”等
注：由上表可知，状语从句主要由从属连词引导。另外，状语从句也可以由名词短语、代词、副词或介词短语等引导。
五．用法
㈠时间状语从句
⒈when,while,as“当……的时候”的区别
⑴when从句动词可以是延续性的，也可以是短暂性的。主从句动作既可以有同时性，又可以有先后性(此时，只可用when①——②)。
⑵while从句动词只能是延续性的(持续时间一般较长)。主从句动作可以有同时性(相伴发生，动作主体一般为两个)，更侧重主从句动作相对比(此时，多用while)。或表示主句动作发生在从句所表达的时间段之内。
⑶as从句动词可以是延续性的(持续时间一般不长)，也可以是短暂性的。用法同when相似。强调主从句动作有同时性 (并向发生，动作主体一般为同一个)。
以上区别具体表现如下表：(when,while,as“当……的时候”，具有同时性时的区别。)
⑴
主句动词 引导词 从句动词
短暂 when/as 短暂
短暂 when/while/as 延续
延续(过去进行时) when 短暂(一般过去时)
延续 when/while 延续
或：
⑵
引导词 从句动词 主句动词
When/As 短暂, 短暂
When/While/As 延续, 短暂
When 短暂(一般过去时), 延续(过去进行时)
When/While 延续, 延续
注1：主从句表示现在或过去重复性而非一次性事件，主从句通常都用一般时态，此时多用when。③——④
注2：主从句动词都有延续性，且延续时间大体相当，when,while可互换。 ——
注3：主从句动词都有短暂性，when,as可互换。 ——
注4：在以下两种情况中，when,while,as可互换。 ——
㈠如果主句表示的是短暂动作或延续动作较短，从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，那么when, while和as可以互换使用。
㈡当从句动词为延续性动词时，此时when, while和as可以互换使用。
注5：当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构，其主语与主句主语一致，且表语为名词时，可用as引导的省略句来代替when引导的从句。
注6：as有“一边……，一边……”，表示动作交替进行，说明两种正在发展或变化的情况；另外，as还有“随着”的意思，表示主句背景跟着从句所表达的时间变化而变化。不强调先后。 ——
注7：while引导的时间状语从句多用于进行时态，尤其是从句和主句动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候。⑤——⑩另外，while还有“与……同时”；“趁着”的意思。
when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态，尤其是主句是过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时。
eg:①When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.当他完成作业的时候，他休息了一小会儿。
②Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.当他到派对的时候大多数客人已经离开了。
③When he goes to town,he (always)visits his aunt.当他去城里的时候，他(总是)看望他的姑姑。
④Tom brings me a present when he goes to visit me.汤姆来看望我时，就会给我带来一个礼物。
⑤Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.在他人工作时，请不要说话那么大声。
⑥Don’t interrupt him while he is thinking.他在思考时别去打断他。
⑦Pat killed time by watching TV while he was waiting for her.帕特在等她时通过看电视打发时间。
⑧Some students were reading while others were writing.当其它学生在写字的时候，一些学生在读书。(进行对比)
⑨While Mary was writing an e-mail,the children were playing outside.玛丽写电子邮件时，孩子们都在外面玩耍。(进行对比)
⑩I read a magazine while I was waiting.在我等待的时候，我读了一本杂志。
Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。
As time went by,her hair became gray.随着时间的过去，她的头发变得灰白。
As years pass, our country is becoming stronger and stronger.随着岁月的流逝，我们的祖国正在变得越来越强大。
As we walked,we talked.我们边走边谈。
When he was a child(=As a child),he studied very well.当他是个孩子的时候，他学习非常好。
When/As he arrived in Shanghai, she met him at the station.当他到上海时，她在车站接他。
When/As you telephoned me,I was drawing a picture.(同时发生)当你给我打电话时，我正在画画。
Please write when/as I read.我念的时候，请写下来。
It was raining when/as we arrived.=When/As we arrived,it was raining.当我们到的时候，天正在下雨。
He smiled politely when/as Mary apologized for her drunken friends.当玛丽为她醉酒的朋友道歉的时候，他礼貌地微笑。
Just as/when they were leaving,a message arrived.就在他们要离开的时候，突然有了消息。
When/While I read,she sang.我看书的时候，她唱歌。
I was cooking the dinner when/while he was playing the piano.=I cooked the dinner when/while he played the piano.当他在弹钢琴的时
候，我正在做晚饭。
When/While/As I was working there,I made a lot of friends.我在那工作的时候交了许多朋友。
When/While/As we were dancing, a stranger came in.当我们在跳舞的时候，一个陌生人进来了。
I fell asleep when/while/as he was reading the newspaper.当他在看报纸的时候，我睡着了。
When/While/As you are there,can you get me some rare stamps 当你在那的时候，你能给我买一些稀有的邮票吗？
When/While/As he stood there,he saw two men enter the house.当他站在那的时候，他看到两个人进了房子。
Mother was worried because little Alice was ill,especially when/while/as Father was away in France.
She can write only when/while/as the baby is asleep.只有婴儿睡着的时候，她才能写作。
The boy was listening to music when/while/as he rode his bike.这位男孩在骑车的时候在听音乐。
When I got home,mother was cooking the dinner.当我到家的时候，妈妈正在做晚饭。
Just as he caught the ball,there was a tearing sound.在他把球抓住的时候，可以听到一种撕裂的声音。
As I was going out,the telephone rang.我正要出去的时候，电话铃响了。
⒉before的用法
before原意为“在……之前”。
eg:①I must finish the task before I go home.我必须在回家之前完成这项任务。
②You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason before you reach any decision.你必须学会做任何决定之前要兼顾好情感与理
智。
另外，它还有以下其它意思。
⑴“还没来得及……就……”；“还没有……”；“尚未……”；“趁着……没有”
eg:①He died before he wrote a will他还没来得及写遗嘱就死了。.
②His father died before he was born.他尚未出生爸爸就死了。
③Please write it down before you forget it.趁着你没有忘请把它写下来。
⑵“……就”(强调时间、距离短；花费的精力小；过程顺利)
eg:①I hadn’t waited long before he came.我没等多久他就来了。
②I hadn’t gone far before I felt tired.我没走多远就感觉到累了。
③There is only one more day to go before your favorite music group play live.仅再剩下一天你最喜欢的乐队组合就要现场演出了。
④We had no much difficulty before we found her home.我们没费多大劲就找到了她的家。
⑤It took me few tries before I climbed over the wall.我没尝试几次就爬过了这道墙。
⑶“……才”(强调时间、距离长；花费的精力大；过程曲折)
eg:①It will be ten years before we meet again.过十年我们才能再见面。
②The Chinese red army of workers and peasants covered 25,000 Li in Long March before they won the revolutionary victory.中国工农红军
走完了两万五千里长征才赢得了革命胜利。
③Mary worked hard enough before she got first prize.玛丽学习非常努力才获得了一等奖。
④We need more data and facts before we make the final decision.我们需要更多的数据和事实才能做出最终的决定。
注：句型：It will be+一段时间+before…“过多久就……”或“还要多久才……”
eg:①It won’t be long before we meet again.过不了多长时间我们就会再见面了。
②It will be ten years before I come back.十年后我才能回来。
⒊till/until“直到……时候(某动作停止了)”的用法
一般情况下，till/until可以通用。但在强调句型中或until/not until位于句首时，此时只用until。till/until用于肯定句时，主句须和持/延续性动词或重/反复性动词连用，表示主句动作的终点，意为“直到……为止”。till/until用于否定句时，主句须和短暂性动词连用，表示主句动作的起点，意为“不到……不”；“直到……才”。
eg:①We waited until/till Tom arrived here yesterday.昨天我们一直等到汤姆到这儿。
②He didn’t go to bed until/till his parents came back last night.昨天晚上他直到父母回来才上床睡觉。
③Until they used up all their money,the young couple were very happy.这对年轻夫妇非常高兴，直到他们花光了所有的钱。
④Until you told me I had no idea of it.直到你告诉我，我才知道此事。
⑤It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. 就是直到你告诉我，我才知道此事。
⑥Not until you told me did I have any idea of it. 直到你告诉我，我才知道此事。
注：until,before区别
⑴从时间上来说，二者都表示主句情景发生在从句情景之前。
eg:①I started my meal before Tom arrived.在汤姆到之前我就开始吃饭了。
②I disliked Mary until I got to know her.在我了解玛丽之前，我一直不喜欢她。
⑵与until/till从句连用的主句，若是肯定句，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。而与before从句连用的主句，其谓语动词却没有这个限制。
eg:①I waited until she returned.我一直等到她回来。
②I shaved before I went to the party.在参加宴会之前，我刮了胡子。
⑶与until/till从句连用的主句，若是否定句，until从句表示主句动作的起点。而before从句却并非如此。
eg:①I won’t know until I get a letter from him.等我收到他的信后我才会知道。
②I hadn’t waited long before he came.我没等多长时间，他就来了。
⑷当肯定的主句的谓语动词为延续性动词时，二者可以互换。
eg:①She waited before/until we got there.她一直等到我们到那。
②It was two hours before/until the police arrived.过了两个小时，警察才到。
⑸before引导的从句也可以与否定的主句连用，有时在意义上有所区别。
eg:①He didn’t arrive until I came back.直到我回来时他才到。
②He didn’t arrive before I came back.在我回来之前他尚未到达。
③I didn’t know any English before/until I came there.在我来这之前，我一点英语也不懂。
⒋as soon as, once引导时间状语从句的区别
⑴as soon as强调时间的紧接性，意为“一……就”。
⑵once带有条件意味，意为“一旦”；“一……就”。
eg:①I'll tell you as soon as he comes back.他一回来我就告诉你。
②Once you start, you will never give up.开弓没有回头箭。
注意：其它一些名词或副词也可引导时间状语从句。主要有：the moment(that)/the instant(that)/the minute(that)/directly/immediately/instantly“一……就”,every/each time“每一次”,next time“下一次”,any time“任何时候”,the first/second/last…time从句“第一次、第二次、最后一次……的时候”等。
eg:I want to see him the moment he arrives.希望他一到我就见到他。
练习：
1.I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice ___________ (minute)I picked up the phone.
2.__________ they decide which college to go to,students should research the admission procedures.
3._________ I lived in the countryside,I used to carry some water for him.
4.We have been good friends ever ___________ they were in high school.
5.No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon _________ he got off bed to start his work.
㈡地点状语从句
where“(在)……地方；(在)……情况下”,wherever(=everywhere)“在/去……的任何地方”；“在……的各个地方；各处；处处；到处”,anywhere“在任何……的地方”“任何……的地方”等
eg:①Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者，事竟成。
②They were warmly welcomed wherever they went.在他们去的任何地方，他们都受到热烈的欢迎。
③Everywhere he goes,he will never forget that terrible experience.他去任何地方，他都忘不了那次可怕的经历。或无论他去任何地方，
他都忘不了那次可怕的经历。
④His cats follow him everywhere he goes.他走到哪里，他的猫就跟到哪里。
⑤You can go anywhere you want.你可以去任何你想去的地方。
练习：
1.When he reads a book,his habit is to make a mark _____________ the meaning is unclear to him.
2.Half an hour later,Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi ___________ the bus had dropped her.
3.You’d better not leave the medicine _______ kids can get at(能够着，触及)it.
4.“Make a mark _________ you have any doubts or questions,”the teacher required.
5.Everything was placed exactly __________ he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.
㈢条件状语从句
unless(=if...not)“除非”；“如果不……”；“如果没有……”的用法，它符合“主将从现”原则。
eg:①We’ll feel very happy if you get first prize in the coming exam.如果你在即将到来的考试中获得一等奖，我们将感到很开心。
②We won’t have a picnic unless it’s sunny tomorrow.如果明天天气不放晴，我们将不去野餐。
练习：
1.You can be allowed to play the game ___________ (condition)you finish your homework first.
2.__________ we don’t lose heart,we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.
3.I’ll stay at home ________ I’m invited.
4.I will go,_________ (provide)my expenses are paid.
5.It’s just unfair;______I was working as a waiter last month,my friends were lying on the beach.
㈣目的状语从句
so that既可引导目的状语从句(无逗)意为“以便，为了”；也可引导结果状语从句(有逗)意为“结果……”。
eg:①I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand me.我将说话慢一点，以便于你能听懂我。
②He raised his voice,so that everyone heard him.他抬高了他的声音，结果每一个人都听到他说话了。
③The store was closed,so that I couldn’t buy that skirt.那家商店关门了，因此我没能买那条裙子。
练习：
1.We should protect our environment from being polluted __________ our next generation will enjoy a blue sky and live a healthy life.
2.Don’t stay out in such bad weather for ______ that you might catch a cold.
3.The boy works very hard in _______ that he can catch up with others.
4.She was so angry that she rushed out into the rain __________ I could stop her.
5.If you are travelling __________ the customs are really foreign to your own,please do as the Romans do.
㈤原因状语从句
because,as,since,for的区别
⑴because,as,since为从属原因连词，而for为并列原因连词。
⑵because(=in that)“因为”语气最强，多用于给出听者未知的原因，常常位于句尾，成为信息的焦点。既能回答why的提问，也能用于强调句型中，还可用于搭配not...but...或与强调词just,only,merely及与否定词not连用；只有在表示强调时才位于主句之前。
eg:①—Why didn’t you phone me last night 昨天晚上你为什么没给我打电话？
—Because I didn’t want to disturb you.因为我不想打扰你。
②I didn’t want it because it’s too big.我不想要它，因为它太大了。
③I did it because he told me to do so.我做这件事因为是他吩咐的。
④It was because I missed the early bus that I was late for school.我上学迟到是因为我没有赶上早班汽车。
⑤You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you.你不要只是因为有人说你坏话而生气。
⑥If you feel cold,that’s because you didn’t put on your overcoat,如果你感到冷的话，那是因为你没有穿上外套。
⑦Because she was ill,she didn’t come to school.因为她病了，所以她没来上学。
⑧I study English not because I want to pass the exam,but because I like it.我学习英语，不是因为我想考试过关，而是因为我喜欢英语。
⑶as“由于”语气较弱，一般为听者已知的原因，主从句所表达的内容同等重要，二者之间存在有因果关系。重在通过分析、陈述或解释为什么一种特殊情况的存在或某人为什么做某事。有时as含有“既然”的意思(=since)。
eg:①As he’s a qualified doctor,I trust his advice on medical matters.由于他是一位合格的医生，所以我信任他在医疗事情上的建议。
②As I had a cold,I didn’t attend the meeting.由于我感冒了，我没去参加会议。
③As we had no money,we couldn’t buy anything to eat.由于我们没有钱，我们不可能买任何吃的东西。
④We all like her as she is kind.我们都喜欢她，因为她善良。
⑤As/Since you’re not feeling well,you may stay at home.既然你感觉不舒服，你可以呆在家里。
⑷since(=now that)“既然”多用于口语，语气微弱，一般是就对方陈述的既定事实作为理由。重在给出一个原由或借口。主从句因果关系不明显。常位于句首。(注：now that引导的从句只表示“新出现的情况”，在句子中作主句动作发生的原因。)
eg:①Since we have come,let’s stay and enjoy it.既来之，则安之。
②Since everybody knows about it,I don’t want to talk any more.既然大家都了解了这个事，我就不想再说什么了。
③Since you don’t want to go,we won’t force you to.既然你不想去，我们就不勉强你了。
④Since you insist,I must go.既然你坚持，我必须去。
⑤Since you are unable to answer,perhaps we should ask someone else.既然你不能回答，我们就应该问别人了。
⑥Now that/Since the rain is going to stop,we’d better get ready for the afternoon’s match.既然雨要停了，我们最好为下午比赛做好准备。
⑸for“因为”语气最弱，表示对某一事实进行推测的或附加说明的理由，是对已发生情况的补充说明。一般不位于句首。
eg:①He can’t have gone,for the light is still on.他不可能走了，因为灯还在亮着呢。
②It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.昨晚准是下过雨，因为地面是湿的。
③He must be ill,for he is absent today.他一定病了，因为他今天缺席了。
练习：
1.___________ (consider)that he is no more than 12 years old,his height of 1.80m is quite remarkable(不寻常的).
2.____________ offensive nicknames are seen as a form of bullying at school,next time you want to call someone by its nickname,weigh it before you do.
3.____________ you’re so interested in English,why not have a try in the English Speech Contest
4._________ a lot of classics were written so long ago,their language characteristics are quite different from those of modern works.
5.____________ (that)we’ll be walking for almost two weeks,I’ll need to buy a large,strong,light backpack in advance to carry my supplies of food and water.
㈥结果状语从句
so…that...与such…that...“如此……以致于……”的区别
⑴so为副词，such为形容词。
⑵具体结构如下：
so+adj./adv.原级+that ××××××××××××××××××××
so+adj.+a/an+n(可单)+that such+a/an+adj.+n(可单)+that
so+many/few+ns(可复)+that such+adj.+ns(可复) +that
so+much/little(少的)+n(不可数)+that such+adj.+n(不可数)+that
注：⒈只修饰形容词、副词原级时，只可用so。
⒉修饰单数名词时，二者可以互换。（即：so+adj.+a/an+n(可单)+that= such +a/an+adj.+n(可单)+that）
⒊修饰复数和不可数名词时，多多少少用so，不多不少用such。
eg:①He was so careless that he forgot to write his name on the paper.他是如此粗心以致于忘了把名字写在试卷上了。
②It’s so good a chance that we mustn’t miss it.=It’s such a good chance that we mustn’t miss it.这是如此好的一个机会，以致于我们不可以错过。
③There is so much delicious food that we can’t eat all.有那么多美味的食物，以致于我们不能够吃完。
④It’s such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.这是那么好的天气以致于我们所有的人都想去公园。
⑤He earned so little money that he couldn’t support his family.他挣如此少的钱，以致于他不能养活他的一家人。
练习：
1.We were in __________ an anxious rush when we left that we forgot the airline ticket.
2.Peter was so excited __________ he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.
3.________ a good boy is he that we all love him.
4.The explosion rocked the lake with such a force _________ dead fish immediately began to surface.
5.He has ______ little money that he can’t even afford such a little house.
㈦让步状语从句
⑴as/though“尽管”；“即使”的倒装
(最高级前无冠词)adj./adv.+as/though+主+系v/谓语v+其它，
(前无冠词)n+as/though+主+系v/谓语v+其它，
V原形(短语)+as/though+主+助v/情态v+其它，
eg:①Young as/though Tom is,he knows a lot.尽管汤姆年纪小，但他懂很多事情。
②Much as/though I admire her,I can’t excuse her faults. 尽管我非常崇拜她，但是我不能原谅她的过错。
③Boy as/though he was,he behaved like a girl.他虽然是个男孩，举止却像个女孩。
④Search as/though they might,they could find nobody in the house. 尽管他们可能寻找了，但是他们在家里不能找到任何人。
⑤Change your mind as/though you will,you will gain no additional support.即使你愿意改变主意，你也不会得到另外的支持了。
⑵while引导的让步状语从句(=although/though)，通常位于主句之前。
eg:While I always felt I would pass the exam,I never thought I would get an A.
⑶whether...or...“不管是/无论是……还是……”引导让步状语从句，表示在从句所提供的两种选择之下，主句所表示的结果都一样。
eg:Whether she goes abroad or stays at home,her parents will support her.她无论是出国还是留在国内，她的父母都支持她。
注：若从句中含有bev，可用be型特殊倒装结构来表示。
eg:①Whether he is rich or poor,she will marry him.=Be he rich or poor,she will marry him.
②We must finish this work whether it is early or late.=We must finish this work be it early or late.
⑷wherever既可以引导让步状语从句，又可以引导地点状语从句(表示地点或方向)。
eg:①Wherever he is,he will be thinking of you.无论他在哪里，都会想念你。(让步状语从句)他在任何地方，都会想念你。(地点状从)
②Everywhere he goes,he will never forget that terrible experience.无论他去什么地方，他都忘不了那次可怕的经历。(让步状语从句)或他
去任何地方，他都忘不了那次可怕的经历。(地点状语从句)
③Sit wherever you like.你想坐在哪，就坐在哪。(地点状语从句)
④Go wherever he tells you to go.他吩咐你去哪里，你就去哪里。(地点状语从句)
★注：
一些代词、副词whatever,whichever,whichever+n(s),whoever,however,whenever,wherever也可引导让步状语从句或名词从句的情况。
whatever=no matter what(引导让步状语从句) 或whatever=anything that(引导名词性从句)
whoever=no matter who(引导让步状语从句) 或whoever=anybody who(引导名词性从句)
whichever=no matter which(引导让步状语从句)或whichever=the n(s)which(引导名词性从句)
whichever+n(s)=no matter which+n(s)(引导让步状语从句)whichever+n(s)=the n(s)which(引导名词性从句)
however=no matter how(引导让步状语从句) whenever=no matter when(引导让步状语从句)
wherever=no matter where(引导让步状语从句)
练习题：
1.Hard _________ he tried,he couldn’t force the door open,which made him like an ant on a hot pan.
2.All the nations should be equal,_________ they are strong or not.
3.We had to wait about an hour ________ we had already booked a table on New Year’s Eve.
4.Unsatisfied ________ he was with the payment,he took the job just to get some work experience.
5.Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice,_________ they knew it to be valuable.
㈧方式状语从句
方式状语从句常用as if/as though“似乎；好像”,just as“正如；正像”,as“像……那样；照……方式，如同，按照”,as far as“就……(而言)”等引导。
eg:①The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.这位老太太对待这个男孩好像他是她亲生儿子似的。
②Do it as you are told to,or you’ll be fired.按照你被吩咐的去做，否则你会被开除的。
③I feel as if I have a fever.我感觉好像我发烧了。
④As far as I am concerned,you can do what you like.就我而言，你想干什么就可以干什么。
用法：
1.as if/though“仿佛，好像”引导方式状语从句或表语从句的用法。
as if之后既可以使用虚拟语气，也可以使用真实语气，完全依表达需要而定。
⑴as if/though引导从句的虚拟语气与主从句表示的谓语动作先后性和同时性有关，具体表现如下：
㈠如果as if/though引导的从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词动作同时发生，那么从句的谓语动词应用一般过去时虚拟。
㈡如果as if/though引导的从句谓语动词先于主句谓语动词动作发生，那么从句谓语动词用过去完成时虚拟；
㈢如果as if/though引导的从句谓语动词后于主句谓语动词动作发生，那么从句谓语动词用过去将来时虚拟。
eg:①He talked to them as if they were children.他同他们说话，好像他们是孩子一样。.
②He talked as if he were drunk.他说话时好像喝多了一样。
③She closed her eyes as if she were too tired.她闭上了她的眼睛好像她太累了。
④He speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.他说英语那么流利好像在美国学习过英语一样。
⑤He learns English so hard as if he would go to the U.S.A.他学习英语那么努力好像要去美国似的。
⑵如果as if从句所描述的情景被看作是真实的或可能是真实的，通常使用真实语气。
eg:①It looks as if/though it is going to rain.
②I feel as if/though I have a fever.
注：as if/though引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构，也可省略主语和系动词，只保留if/though后的名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词等。
eg:He opened his mouth as if/though to say something.
2.as it is(,)...；...as it is区别
⑴用于句首的as it is的前面一般有一个与事实相反的情节。as it is “事实上；实际上；实际情况是”，用来陈述真实的情况。
eg:①I thought things would get better,but as it is they are getting worse.我以为情况会好转，但事实上反而更糟了。
②As it is,we can hardly get to the station by 6 o’clock.事实上，我们六点钟前很难赶到车站。
⑵用于句末的as it is常常放在名词或代词的后面。...as it is“按原来的样子；照现在的样子；就以现在这个样子；根据现在情况看”，it替代前面的单数名词或代词的。
注：在,,,as it is中，如果前面的名词为复数形式，应将it改为they，将is改为are；如果前面代词为I(me)，则改为am。
eg:①Leave it as it is.别动它，请保持它原来的样子。
②They agreed to buy the house as it is.他们同意就按房子的现状买下这栋房子。
③Paint me as I am.把我如实地画出来。
④State the facts as they are.实事求是地把事实摆出来。
练习题：
1.He stared at me __________ he saw me for the first time.
2.The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months;it will be a long time ________ we meet them again.
3.If things are left ________ they are,the problems will never be settled,I’m afraid.
4._______ you call me to say you’re not coming,I’ll see you at the theater.
5.Just ________ a single word can change the meaning of a sentence,a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.
㈨比较状语从句
1.比较句中的比较必须是同类事物、同等结构的比较。原级比较标志为as…as，否定为not as/so…as。比较级比较标志为than或语义暗示。最高级的标志为of+同类的人或物(≥3)和in+地点范围。
2.what/as/be like也可引导对称或对比关系的状语从句。
句型为：A is to B what/as/be like C is to D.“A对于B而言正如C对于D那样。”“A之于B，如同C之于D。”
eg:①Railway is to transportation what blood is to a man’s body.铁路对于交通(的重要性)，正如血液对于人体(的重要性)那样。
②Air is to us what/as/is like water is to fish.空气之于我们，如同水之于鱼。
练习：
1.We’re doing everything we can to make things as easy for you ___________ we can.
2.It was much better _________ I’d expected.
3.The job is not so difficult _______ I thought it would be.
4.Health experts have known for years that kids who grow up on a farm have fewer incidences(发病率) ________ city kids do.
5.The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times _______ big as the present one.
注：
㈠状语从句中的省略：
在时间、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it，且从句中含有be动词的形式，那么从句中的主语和be动词形式可同时省略。
eg:①While (I was) in Beijing,I paid a visit to the Great Wall.
②If (it is) necessary,please ask me to help you.
㈡连词的连用：
because不可与so连用；if不可与and连用。although/though/while/as不可与but,however等词连用，但可与yet,still“仍然，不过”,nevertheless等词连用；
注：
有些连词可以作副词用：though,in case,(ever) since,nevertheless,but“然而，(只)不过(在口语中使用频率很高，并常用于句首)”；“仅仅，不过，只，才”；“只有，只能，只得”等。
eg:①He is young.He knows a lot,though.=Though he is young,he knows a lot.
②I don’t think it will rain,but I’ll take an umbrella,just in case.= I’ll take an umbrella just in case it should rain.
③He came here in 2000.He has been working here ever since.= He has been working here ever since he came here in 2000.
④He was very tired.He didn’t stop walking nevertheless.=He was very tired,nevertheless he didn’t stop walking.
⑤He can but admit that it was his fault.他只得承认这是他的错误。
⑥But most importantly,great stories have a central drama.
㈢whatever从句中的省略
whatever从句有时可以省略从句中的bev。
eg:①The building must be saved,whatever the cost (is).
②Whatever your argument (is),I shall hold on to my decision.
㈣在“主将从现”原则中，从句可用一般现在时或现在完成时表示(具体的)将来。(“主将从现”原则具体内容：在时间或条件状语从句中，如果主句为将来时或表示将来时含义的句子(如：祈使句、情态句等)，那么从句常用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来。)(注：从句用现在完成时表示从句动作结束时，主句动作才会发生。)
eg:①We will have a picnic if it is fine tomorrow.
②You can’t go out to play with others if you haven’t finished your homework.
另：如果主句表示一般性事实、实际情况、程序流程等时，那么它在主将从现原则中主句仍然用一般现在时的时态。
eg:①—So what’s the procedure
—All the applicants are interviewed before a final decision is made by the authority.
②In my hometown,there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut.
㈤when,while,as“当……的时候”，同时性。引导状语从句时具体区别如下表：
从动 引导词 主动 从动短 从动延
主动短 when/as when/while/as(另：主句动词有时也可用较短时间长度的延续性动词)
主动延 when/as(注：主句为一般过去时，从句为过去进行时) when/while
㈥状语从句引导词简表
引导词 具体内容 结构 词义 词性 成分 作用 可否省略
从属连词 时间、地点、条件、目的、原因、结果、方式、让步和比较 从属连词+句子 除that引导名词从句无词义外，其余均有词义 连词 不充当任何句子成分 提供状况 一般不省
㈥判断状语从句的方法
主句、从句都是是完整的。判断是否是状语从句可以从两个方面来着手。
结构：主句+[引导词+从句].或[引导词+从句,]主句. (注意：引导词不在从句内。)
语意：在……状况下(从句)，……(主句)。
答案：
并列连词练习
请判定下列并列连词是简单连词、关联连词或是短语连词，然后确定出它是表示什么关系的连词。
1.简单连词，转折2.关联连词，选择3.简单连词，因果4.短语连词，选择5.简单连词，时间/转折6.关联连词，递进7.简单连词，因果8.短语连词，选择9.短语连词，联合10.关联连词，选择11.简单连词，联合、递进或顺承/因果12.简单连词，转折
连词对应练习：
请判定以下连词是并列连词或从属连词，然后确定是简单连词、关联连词或是短语连词，以及它们所表示出来的关系。
1.并列连词，关联连词，选择2.并列连词，简单连词，联合、递进或顺承/因果3.从属连词，简单连词，条件4.从属连词，短语连词，目的/结果5.从属连词，短语连词，时间6.并列连词，简单连词，因果7.从属连词，短语连词，方式8.从属连词，简单连词，让步9.从属连词，简单连词，比较10.并列连词，简单连词，时间/从属连词，简单连词，时间11.并列连词，关联连词，递进12.并列连词，短语连词，选择13.从属连词，短语连词，目的14.从属连词，简单连词，地点15.从属连词，简单连词，比较16.并列连词，简单连词，选择17.从属连词，简单连词，让步18.从属连词，简单连词，比较19.并列连词，短语连词，联合20.并列连词，关联连词，联合
并列句答案：1.and2.nor3.otherwise/or/or else4.but5.while6.so7.but8.for9.and10.when
状语从句答案：㈠时间状语从句1.the minute2.Once3.When/While4.since5.than㈡地点状语从句1.where/wherever/anywhere2.where3.where/wherever/anywhere4.where/wherever/anywhere5.where㈢条件状语从句1.on condition that2.So/As long as3.unless4.Provided/Providing (that)5.while㈣目的状语从句1.so that/in order that2.fear3.order4.before5.where㈤原因状语从句1.Considering2.Since/Now that3.Since/Now that4.Because5.Now that㈥结果状语从句1.such2.when3.Such4.that5.so㈦让步状语从句1.though/as2.whether3.although/though4.though/as5.even if/though或although/though㈧方式状语从句1.as if/though2.before3.as4.Unless5.as㈨比较状语从句1.as2.than3.as4.than5.as