介词(讲义)
【介词顺口溜】
in 在……里,out 在……外,在旁边的是 beside,靠近的为 by
on 在……上,under 在……下,above 在上头,below 在底下
介词要注意三个点
介词不能单独使用, 必须与动词连用。
介词后跟名词、 代词和动名词。
地点副词前介词通常省略。
如: go home(home是地点副词, 前面加 to) 。
口诀: 这那里( here/there) , 楼上下( upstairs/downstairs) , 国内外( home/abroad)
常见的介词及其用法---时间介词
【时间介词速记歌】
年月周前要用in,日子前面却不行,遇到几号要用“on”,上午下午又是“in”。
要说某日上下午,用 on 换 in 才能行。午夜黄昏用 at,黎明用它也不错。
at 也在时分前,说“差”用 to,说“过”要用 past。
1 .at+时刻前 例: at six o’clock
2. in+不能具体到天 例: in spring
3. on+具体到天 例: on Sep.1 3th
4. 特殊难点: at Christmas/ on Christmas on/at weekends
5. In+the+morning/afternoon/evening At+noon/night
例: on the morning of May 23rd; on a fine afternoon
6. 完成时介词
By+过去时间=过去完成时
例: By the end of the last month, I had read 200English books.
By+now=现在完成时
例: We have learned 500 words by now.
By+将来时间=将来完成时
例: I will have learned 3000 words by the end of the next week.
地点介词
1 . In+大地点(大于等于区)
2. At+小地点(小于区)
例: in Shanghai; in China; at home; at the airport
区域介词
1 . In the south/north/east/west 表示: 在内部的东南西北
例: Shanghai is in the east of China.上海在中国的东部。 (中国的内部)
2. On the south/north/east/west 表示: 相邻, 在外部, 接壤
例: On the east of Shanghai is the East Sea.上海的东部就是东海。 (上海与东海
接壤)
3. To the south/north/east/west 表示: 在外部, 无接壤, 隔海相望
例: Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本在中国的东部。 (日本和中国隔海相望)
树上介词
1 .On the tree 表示: 天生长在树上的 例: apples on the tree
2. In the tree 表示: 后来上树的 例: birds in the tree
墙上介词
1 .On the wall 表示: 挂在墙上
2. In the wall 表示: 嵌在墙里
敌意介词
动词+at
Laugh at 嘲笑
point at 指着
throw at 朝某人扔东西
talk at 谈论
目的地介词
1 . 大部分动词+to+目的地
2. Sail/leave/set off/set out/head+for+目的地
三易混淆介词有哪些? 1 . Across 横穿 through 在立体空间中“穿过”
例: across the street(在街的表面横穿) through the forest(在森林这个空间里
穿过)
2. Between 在两者之间 among 在三者或三者以上之间
例: between you and me(你我之间) among all the students(在所有学生之间)
3. On 在物体的上面(有接触面) over 垂直正上方(无接触面) above 在上面,
高于(不一定垂直)
例: on the table(和桌子接触) over the river(在河的垂直上方) above the house
(不一定垂直)
4. Beneath 在物体的下面(有接触面) under 垂直正下方(无接触面) below 非
垂直下方(无接触面)
例: beneath the table(和桌子接触) under the tree(在树的正下方) below the
surface of the water(在水面的下方, 不一定垂直)
5. In front of 在整个物体的前面 in the front of 在物体内部的前面
In front of the room(在房间的前面, 即在房间的外面) ; in the front of(在房间的
前部, 即在房间的里面)
1 Children get gifts ____ Christmas and ____ their birthdays.
A. on; on B. at; on
C. in; in D. in; on
2 -There is nothing ____tomorrow afternoon, is there
-No. We can have a game of table tennis.
A. on B. in
C. out D. up
3 A lot of students in our school were born____March, 1981.
A. in B. at
C. on D. since
4 He suddenly returned____ a rainy night.
A. on B. at
C. in D. during
5 My grandfather was born____Oct. 10, 1935.
A. on B. in
C. at D. of
6 The train is starting___five minutes.
A. in B. at
C. for D. still
7 Mike does his exercises ____ seven _____ the evening.
A. on; to B. at; in
C. by; of D. at; on
★★两星题
1 The population of the world has grown very fast ____ four hundred
years.
A. for past the B. in the pass
C. in the past D. for past
2 I worked on the problem ____ a long time and I worked it out____myself____ last.
A. for; by; at B. in; with; on
C. on; by; in D. for; for; at the
3 Mr Brown had lain ____ the ground ____ four hours before they finally
found him.
A. on; for B. at; in
C. on; after D. in; during
4 She lived in the mountain village____ the years 1940-1950.
A. between B. during
C. in D. since
5 The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won ____ the end.
A. by B. at
C. in D. on
★★★三星题
1. The doctor worked___ five hours___ a rest.
A. for; with B. on; without
C. about; having D. for; without
2. Why don’ t they build a new road that goes____ the town
A. to B. through
C. over D. round
3. It was purely ______ chance that the mistake was discovered.
A. in B. for
C. by D. from
4. The company is very famous ______ the high quality of its products.
A. in B. for
C. by D. with
5. Though we have no interests ______ common, we are good friends.
A. on B. in
C. for D. at