/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
题型过关第5讲 词汇运用
基础语法知识
一、句型结构
简单句:主+谓+宾
主+系+表
主+及物动词+宾讲
主+不及物动词+介词+宾语
祈使句:do型 be型 let型
二、各词性分析
1.名词
1) 名词在句子中的位置
动词前主语，动词后作宾语、介词后作宾语、表语、冠词之后，数词，形容词之后
2) 名词词形技巧:主要考虑名词的单复数及其所有格形式。名词注意原词复现
2.动词
1)动词出现的位置:
主宾或介宾之间的动词，be动词后的动词;情态动词之后缺动词:并列关系中的动词:v-ing作主语，祈使句句首、介词后的v-ing、v-ing和to do之前.
2)动词词形技巧:主要考虑是要填动词的谓语形式(原形、第三人称单数、过去式、
现在分词及其过去分词形式。)
3.形容词 1) 形容词出现的位置作表语，作定语修饰名词、放在不定代词之后、放在定冠词
the之后表一类人，even、much、a little后加ad.或者adv.的比较级、so/as...as中间跟adj.或者adv.的原级.
2) 形容词词形技巧:
主要考虑形容词原形，比较级、最高级形式
4.副词
1) 副词出现的位置
A.句首，作状语修饰整个句子
B.在动宾结构之后或系表结构之间表程度、方式、频率等，修饰动词
C.在所修饰的形容词之前，作程度副词
2).副词词形技巧:主要考虑副词原形、比较级、最高级形式。
5.代词
1) 代词的分类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词
人称代词常考:them、it 反身代词常考:themselves、yourself
by oneself:独自teach oneself =learn by oneself help oneself
不定代词常考:someone、something、everything、nothing、others、one
either、neither other:后面必须加复数名词the other:两者当中的另一个others=other +复数名词:有一些 the others:剩下的全部another:+单数名词或者是数词
it 和 one
it: 同类同物 one:同类异物
2) 代词的位置: 作主语、宾语
3) 代词的技巧:若指代的是上文中出现的，则用人称代词;若是不确定指的是什么,
则用不定代词;若是表示强调某人自己，则用反身代词
6.介词
1) 介词的分类:时间介词、地点介词、通过类介词
at、in、on、with、between、among、about、without、like、by、through、for、
back、between、as、away、against
2) 介词的位置动词之后连接宾语、完整的句子之后接名词短语或者代词
3) 介词的技巧若确定不了该空的词性，先把其他空填了，最后再来确定
7.连词
1) 连词的分类:逻辑连词、从属连词
逻辑连词:and、if、because、but、though、unless、or
从属连词:宾语从词:that、if、whether、what、who、how...
定语从句:that、which、who、whom、whose、where、why、when
状语从句:when、while、as long as、as soon as、so..that
2) 连词的位置 一般都是连接句子，有很小的可能连接并列的谓语、宾语、主语等
3) 连词的技巧 确定该空填连词后，需根据上下文的逻辑关系来推断出连词的使用
【选词填空做题技巧】
12选 10的解题技巧要抓住两点:一是“放远”，二是“看近”
放远:一篇短文填空题是一个有机的整体。通读全文、明了大意、理清观点、分清层次
是十分重要的一步。依据上下文，语境，眼光放远，从头到尾，按日常认识事物的规律，填
上所选的词，通顺。
技巧:
1.根据上下文的逻辑关系进行推测:注意上下文的逻辑联系和文章的逻辑关系是做好短文填
空题的关键，它要求考生在了解文章大意的基础上,联系上下文,运用思维逻辑进行比较、判断，找出既符合短文的词义
2.根据语篇标志进行推测:语篇一般是指比单一句子长的语言单位，如句群、段落、篇章等。
语篇和语篇之间往往有标明其内在联系的词语，这些词语称为“语篇标志”，例如:表示结构层次的 firstly, secondly等，表示逻辑关系的therefore,so, but等，表示话题改变的by the way,
for example, and so on, fore instance等。充分利用这些语篇标志可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文之间的关系。
3.根据文化背景知识进行推测:短文空题考查的知识面较广，从文化、科学常识，到历史地理
知识;从风俗民情到民族习惯等等，无所不考。考生在做这类题时，要特别注意中西文化方面所存在的差异。具备了一定的文化背景知识，才能比较准确地判断出正确的词义.
4.根据常识进行判断:中学生已经掌握了较丰富的科学与生活常识，也具备了一定的判断能
力。在考查语言知识和技能的同时，考查这些简单的常识性的问题，也是对学生知识面的检测。
看近:形式上有残缺(若干个空)，但它的内容、语言习惯，句与句之间的衔接点，句子与段落之间的联系，段落与段落之间的逻辑顺序仍或隐或现地存在于篇章之中。依据此句前后，眼光就近。运用基本语言知识(词法和语法):动副、动宾、介宾、系形、短语动词、短语介词、搭配、结构.
技巧:
1.根据语法知识进行推测:对于考查语法知识的考题,不仅要理解上下文的逻辑关系，更要有
针对性地对语法结构、句式特点进行分析，并根据其语法结构和句式特点进行合理推测，从而迅速判断出正确的词义.
2.运用词汇知识进行判断:短文填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要集中在词语的搭配和同义词
的辨析两大方面。要做好这类题目，首先要有较大的词汇量，较强的词语搭配能力，以及在语句中理解词义的能力，做题时要结合上下文的语境，确定词义.
【选词填空做题步骤】
做题步骤
1.通读全文，把握大意，确定主旨。
2.身临其境，切身体会，确定词义。
3.周密分析，瞻前顾后，确定词形。
4.复读原文，仔细检查，确定验收.
做选词填空题的基本步骤是:先通览全文，掌握文章大意;然后再根据文章的语境特点从词语搭配、习惯用法、上下文的逻辑关系以及一般的生活常识等方面进行分析，从而选出既合语法又合语境的答案。做选词填空题的通常方法有:
1.词语搭配法:即根据词语的搭配习惯来选择正确的答案。你平时一定要注意掌握一些常用
词汇的基本及其有关的搭配。
2.语法判断法:即通过语法分析来判断正确答案，比如被选项若为是名词，则应根据填空句
的上下文确定该名词的单复数以及是否用所有格等;若被选项为动词，则应考虑其时态、语态、搭配以及非谓语形式等。
3.语境分析法:即根据上下文的具体语境，利用所学过知识和平时所积累的经验，选出最符
合题意的选项。
4.对比排除法:有时对于一些难题，可试着将各个选项逐一填人空白处，然后进行综合比较，
排除不适合的，选出最恰当的。
01
widely create by closer his teacher used looks if artist hears harmful
As visitors walk into a cultural park in Anxi, Fujian Province, they will see an unusual painting. It shows views (风景) of the area.
At 5 meters long and 1 meter wide, the painting 1 like a common oil painting if it is seen from far away. But after taking a (an) 2 look, you will find that it’s made of waste.
The work was created 3 Hu Dahua. He has been creating art with nails (钉子) and cans (金属罐) for more than 20 years. Before 4 retirement (退休), Hu worked with metals of different colors. When Hu retired, he began creating painting with nails and other waste which are 5 to the environment to encourage environment protection.
“I have to be very careful when getting pieces from cans,” he said. “ 6 the strength is too much, wrintles (褶皱) will appear on the pieces. Pieces with wrinkles can’t be 7 in my artwork.” To show perfect colors, Hu collects waste cans in many colors and patterns (图案).
“It took me half a year to 8 the picture of Amxi,” Hu said. His work is 9 known and supposed by local people. He was praised as an environment-protection 10 by his friends and neighbors. They also send waste cans to his home.
02
read open idea one soon they with be feel bring
Little Free Libraries are popular around the world. Do you know who built the 11 Little Free Library It’s Todd Bol from Wisconsin, the USA．
Bol’s mother was a teacher and she loved 12 . In honor of (为了纪念) his mother, in 2009 Bol built a wooden box, which looked like a small red schoolhouse. He filled the box 13 books and placed it in his front yard with a sign reading “Free Books”. The box was always 14 . People could take and return the books whenever they wanted.
Bol’s little library got popular 15 . It not only provided books, but also 16 people together. As more and more people visited the library, they began talking with one another. They shared thoughts, 17 and stories. They got to know one another.
Now there 18 over 150, 000 Little Free Libraries in the world. Bol often hears new Little Free Library owners tell him how important the libraries are to 19 community. That always gives him a 20 of satisfaction.
03
old part for May also big more because celebrate new still they
Festivals have always been an important part of life and culture. In the modern age, 21 festivals have appeared. Some of the new festivals come from different 22 of the world. Some appeared just because of the interesting meanings of the dates.
Now people around the world 23 International Women’s Day, International Museum Day and International Nurses’ Day. These festivals didn’t start in China, but we celebrate them in a Chinese way. 24 example, many Chinese call International Women’ s Day “Girls’ Day” or “Queens’ Day”. On this day, 25 have interesting activities such as dressing up in Hanfu.
Other new festivals include 520 Day, Eating Day (May 17th), and Double 11 Day. 520 is on 26 20th. In Chinese, it sounds like “I love you” and 517 sounds like “I want to eat”. Double 11 Day is 27 known as Singles’ Day, because the date November 11th or “11.11” is about the number “1”. So Double 11 Day is about “single”. And it is now one of the 28 shopping days in the world.
For many young people, new festivals seem to be much 29 interesting than the old ones. But it doesn’t matter whether they are old or new 30 festivals always offer a great chance for us to enjoy life with our loved ones.
04
make tire against sick like excite because fruit good sleep
Have you ever noticed that your mood changes with the change of seasons You may find that when the winter comes the low temperature makes you feel 31 all the time. It makes you sad without reason. What’s worse, it makes you 32 badly and think unclearly. This is seasonal affective disorder(SAD) (季节性情感障碍).
The following are some ways for you to fight 33 SAD．
Let the sunlight in. Some scientists say that SAD happens 34 people get less sunlight in winter than they do in other seasons. So doing things 35 raising the blinds (拉起窗帘) and taking a walk outside in the sun can make you feel 36 .
Get moving. Taking a walk or doing some exercises will produce endorphins (内啡肽) in your body, which can make you 37 .
Eat right. Eat more fresh 38 and vegetables. Avoid foods which may make you 39 , such as sweets, biscuits, and sugary (含糖的) drinks.
Make time for your friends. Studies show spending time with your friends 40 you have a sense of belonging and can improve your mood.
05
lot judge their move woman in busy really coach make although but
Did you watch the Chengdu FISU World University Games (成都大运会) in 2023 Many student-athletes saw 41 sporting dreams come true at the Games, A 42 of young Chinese athletes did very well at the Games, including Xia Yuyu.
Xia Yuyu is a 25-year-old student from Tsinghua University. She has become a big winner at the FISU World University Games 43 Chengdu. She is the most tired and the 44 athlete at the Games. She took part in four competitions in six days. She won a gold medal in the 45 10, 000 meters, a silver medal in the women’s 5, 000 meters and a bronze (铜) medal in the women’s team half marathon (马拉松). Many people were 46 by her wonderful performance.
Before the Games, she ran for 30 kilometers during training each day. 47 she knew how hard it was to win the gold medal at the Games, she 48 up her mind not to give up.
“I 49 want to thank my university, which helped me solve many problems during preparations for the Games in Chengdu. It’s not been easy for my 50 who has had to attend to all the details of my training and daily life.” Xia said.
06
cheap be at the age of year become amaze run compare to start friend
The history of the girl’s 100-meter dash (短跑) event was made new at the UI5 Gymnasiade (世界中学生夏季运动会) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on Aug 21. Chen Yujie, 14, from Ningbo Zhejiang province, 51 champion with a time of 11.56 seconds. Chen is called the “Flying Girl of Ningbo” for her 52 speed.
Going from a common student to a world champion took Chen only three 53 . Apart from her talent, Chen is also a good example of how running is a sport that is 54 for beginners.
55 later in life is usually not a problem. 56 athletes in other sports, like a gymnast who might have started training 57 4 or 5, Chen stepped into her sports life at 11. China’s star 58 Su Bingtian didn’t even start training until his second year in middle school.
There 59 also no strict requirements for the height of a runner, said sports expert Yuan Tinggang to The Paper. And it’s 60 than other sports. While a curling stone may cost over 10,000 yuan, running needs only a pair of shoes.
07
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。(每个单词限用一次，每空限填一词。)
I; important; see; gift; are; record; quiet; write; care; count
It was a Sunday morning. My younger daughter Lori was busy 61 something in her book. Marilyn and I 62 reading newspapers. Suddenly, Lori asked, “Why are Lisa’s pictures more than 63 ” Lisa is our older daughter.
I didn’t understand Lori’s question. After Lori left the room, I looked at Marilyn, “Are there more pictures of Lisa than of Lori ” “I’ve never 64 them. I don’t know,” said Marilyn.
Marilyn continued, “When Lisa was born, you liked taking photos. You hardly went anywhere without a camera. When Lori was born, videos became popular. You started to use a video camera to 65 her life, so there must be Lori’s videos in our computer.” That night, I found Lori’s videos which she has never 66 so far.
“What are you going to do ” Marilyn asked. I said, “I’m going to make an album (相册) for Lori as a birthday gift. I don’t know if the album will answer Lori’s question, but at least it shows that we’re 67 enough to find an answer to her. I hope she can understand that she is as 68 as her sister to us.”
On 7th June, I put the birthday gift in Lori’s room 69 . That night, when I got back home, I heard Lori say, “I love you, Daddy.”
I knew Lori understood the 70 meaning. I couldn’t help smiling happily./ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
题型过关第5讲 词汇运用
基础语法知识
一、句型结构
简单句:主+谓+宾
主+系+表
主+及物动词+宾讲
主+不及物动词+介词+宾语
祈使句:do型 be型 let型
二、各词性分析
1.名词
1) 名词在句子中的位置
动词前主语，动词后作宾语、介词后作宾语、表语、冠词之后，数词，形容词之后
2) 名词词形技巧:主要考虑名词的单复数及其所有格形式。名词注意原词复现
2.动词
1)动词出现的位置:
主宾或介宾之间的动词，be动词后的动词;情态动词之后缺动词:并列关系中的动词:v-ing作主语，祈使句句首、介词后的v-ing、v-ing和to do之前.
2)动词词形技巧:主要考虑是要填动词的谓语形式(原形、第三人称单数、过去式、
现在分词及其过去分词形式。)
3.形容词 1) 形容词出现的位置作表语，作定语修饰名词、放在不定代词之后、放在定冠词
the之后表一类人，even、much、a little后加ad.或者adv.的比较级、so/as...as中间跟adj.或者adv.的原级.
2) 形容词词形技巧:
主要考虑形容词原形，比较级、最高级形式
4.副词
1) 副词出现的位置
A.句首，作状语修饰整个句子
B.在动宾结构之后或系表结构之间表程度、方式、频率等，修饰动词
C.在所修饰的形容词之前，作程度副词
2).副词词形技巧:主要考虑副词原形、比较级、最高级形式。
5.代词
1) 代词的分类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词
人称代词常考:them、it 反身代词常考:themselves、yourself
by oneself:独自teach oneself =learn by oneself help oneself
不定代词常考:someone、something、everything、nothing、others、one
either、neither other:后面必须加复数名词the other:两者当中的另一个others=other +复数名词:有一些 the others:剩下的全部another:+单数名词或者是数词
it 和 one
it: 同类同物 one:同类异物
2) 代词的位置: 作主语、宾语
3) 代词的技巧:若指代的是上文中出现的，则用人称代词;若是不确定指的是什么,
则用不定代词;若是表示强调某人自己，则用反身代词
6.介词
1) 介词的分类:时间介词、地点介词、通过类介词
at、in、on、with、between、among、about、without、like、by、through、for、
back、between、as、away、against
2) 介词的位置动词之后连接宾语、完整的句子之后接名词短语或者代词
3) 介词的技巧若确定不了该空的词性，先把其他空填了，最后再来确定
7.连词
1) 连词的分类:逻辑连词、从属连词
逻辑连词:and、if、because、but、though、unless、or
从属连词:宾语从词:that、if、whether、what、who、how...
定语从句:that、which、who、whom、whose、where、why、when
状语从句:when、while、as long as、as soon as、so..that
2) 连词的位置 一般都是连接句子，有很小的可能连接并列的谓语、宾语、主语等
3) 连词的技巧 确定该空填连词后，需根据上下文的逻辑关系来推断出连词的使用
【选词填空做题技巧】
12选 10的解题技巧要抓住两点:一是“放远”，二是“看近”
放远:一篇短文填空题是一个有机的整体。通读全文、明了大意、理清观点、分清层次
是十分重要的一步。依据上下文，语境，眼光放远，从头到尾，按日常认识事物的规律，填
上所选的词，通顺。
技巧:
1.根据上下文的逻辑关系进行推测:注意上下文的逻辑联系和文章的逻辑关系是做好短文填
空题的关键，它要求考生在了解文章大意的基础上,联系上下文,运用思维逻辑进行比较、判断，找出既符合短文的词义
2.根据语篇标志进行推测:语篇一般是指比单一句子长的语言单位，如句群、段落、篇章等。
语篇和语篇之间往往有标明其内在联系的词语，这些词语称为“语篇标志”，例如:表示结构层次的 firstly, secondly等，表示逻辑关系的therefore,so, but等，表示话题改变的by the way,
for example, and so on, fore instance等。充分利用这些语篇标志可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文之间的关系。
3.根据文化背景知识进行推测:短文空题考查的知识面较广，从文化、科学常识，到历史地理
知识;从风俗民情到民族习惯等等，无所不考。考生在做这类题时，要特别注意中西文化方面所存在的差异。具备了一定的文化背景知识，才能比较准确地判断出正确的词义.
4.根据常识进行判断:中学生已经掌握了较丰富的科学与生活常识，也具备了一定的判断能
力。在考查语言知识和技能的同时，考查这些简单的常识性的问题，也是对学生知识面的检测。
看近:形式上有残缺(若干个空)，但它的内容、语言习惯，句与句之间的衔接点，句子与段落之间的联系，段落与段落之间的逻辑顺序仍或隐或现地存在于篇章之中。依据此句前后，眼光就近。运用基本语言知识(词法和语法):动副、动宾、介宾、系形、短语动词、短语介词、搭配、结构.
技巧:
1.根据语法知识进行推测:对于考查语法知识的考题,不仅要理解上下文的逻辑关系，更要有
针对性地对语法结构、句式特点进行分析，并根据其语法结构和句式特点进行合理推测，从而迅速判断出正确的词义.
2.运用词汇知识进行判断:短文填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要集中在词语的搭配和同义词
的辨析两大方面。要做好这类题目，首先要有较大的词汇量，较强的词语搭配能力，以及在语句中理解词义的能力，做题时要结合上下文的语境，确定词义.
【选词填空做题步骤】
做题步骤
1.通读全文，把握大意，确定主旨。
2.身临其境，切身体会，确定词义。
3.周密分析，瞻前顾后，确定词形。
4.复读原文，仔细检查，确定验收.
做选词填空题的基本步骤是:先通览全文，掌握文章大意;然后再根据文章的语境特点从词语搭配、习惯用法、上下文的逻辑关系以及一般的生活常识等方面进行分析，从而选出既合语法又合语境的答案。做选词填空题的通常方法有:
1.词语搭配法:即根据词语的搭配习惯来选择正确的答案。你平时一定要注意掌握一些常用
词汇的基本及其有关的搭配。
2.语法判断法:即通过语法分析来判断正确答案，比如被选项若为是名词，则应根据填空句
的上下文确定该名词的单复数以及是否用所有格等;若被选项为动词，则应考虑其时态、语态、搭配以及非谓语形式等。
3.语境分析法:即根据上下文的具体语境，利用所学过知识和平时所积累的经验，选出最符
合题意的选项。
4.对比排除法:有时对于一些难题，可试着将各个选项逐一填人空白处，然后进行综合比较，
排除不适合的，选出最恰当的。
01
widely create by closer his teacher used looks if artist hears harmful
As visitors walk into a cultural park in Anxi, Fujian Province, they will see an unusual painting. It shows views (风景) of the area.
At 5 meters long and 1 meter wide, the painting 1 like a common oil painting if it is seen from far away. But after taking a (an) 2 look, you will find that it’s made of waste.
The work was created 3 Hu Dahua. He has been creating art with nails (钉子) and cans (金属罐) for more than 20 years. Before 4 retirement (退休), Hu worked with metals of different colors. When Hu retired, he began creating painting with nails and other waste which are 5 to the environment to encourage environment protection.
“I have to be very careful when getting pieces from cans,” he said. “ 6 the strength is too much, wrintles (褶皱) will appear on the pieces. Pieces with wrinkles can’t be 7 in my artwork.” To show perfect colors, Hu collects waste cans in many colors and patterns (图案).
“It took me half a year to 8 the picture of Amxi,” Hu said. His work is 9 known and supposed by local people. He was praised as an environment-protection 10 by his friends and neighbors. They also send waste cans to his home.
02
read open idea one soon they with be feel bring
Little Free Libraries are popular around the world. Do you know who built the 11 Little Free Library It’s Todd Bol from Wisconsin, the USA．
Bol’s mother was a teacher and she loved 12 . In honor of (为了纪念) his mother, in 2009 Bol built a wooden box, which looked like a small red schoolhouse. He filled the box 13 books and placed it in his front yard with a sign reading “Free Books”. The box was always 14 . People could take and return the books whenever they wanted.
Bol’s little library got popular 15 . It not only provided books, but also 16 people together. As more and more people visited the library, they began talking with one another. They shared thoughts, 17 and stories. They got to know one another.
Now there 18 over 150, 000 Little Free Libraries in the world. Bol often hears new Little Free Library owners tell him how important the libraries are to 19 community. That always gives him a 20 of satisfaction.
03
old part for May also big more because celebrate new still they
Festivals have always been an important part of life and culture. In the modern age, 21 festivals have appeared. Some of the new festivals come from different 22 of the world. Some appeared just because of the interesting meanings of the dates.
Now people around the world 23 International Women’s Day, International Museum Day and International Nurses’ Day. These festivals didn’t start in China, but we celebrate them in a Chinese way. 24 example, many Chinese call International Women’ s Day “Girls’ Day” or “Queens’ Day”. On this day, 25 have interesting activities such as dressing up in Hanfu.
Other new festivals include 520 Day, Eating Day (May 17th), and Double 11 Day. 520 is on 26 20th. In Chinese, it sounds like “I love you” and 517 sounds like “I want to eat”. Double 11 Day is 27 known as Singles’ Day, because the date November 11th or “11.11” is about the number “1”. So Double 11 Day is about “single”. And it is now one of the 28 shopping days in the world.
For many young people, new festivals seem to be much 29 interesting than the old ones. But it doesn’t matter whether they are old or new 30 festivals always offer a great chance for us to enjoy life with our loved ones.
04
make tire against sick like excite because fruit good sleep
Have you ever noticed that your mood changes with the change of seasons You may find that when the winter comes the low temperature makes you feel 31 all the time. It makes you sad without reason. What’s worse, it makes you 32 badly and think unclearly. This is seasonal affective disorder(SAD) (季节性情感障碍).
The following are some ways for you to fight 33 SAD．
Let the sunlight in. Some scientists say that SAD happens 34 people get less sunlight in winter than they do in other seasons. So doing things 35 raising the blinds (拉起窗帘) and taking a walk outside in the sun can make you feel 36 .
Get moving. Taking a walk or doing some exercises will produce endorphins (内啡肽) in your body, which can make you 37 .
Eat right. Eat more fresh 38 and vegetables. Avoid foods which may make you 39 , such as sweets, biscuits, and sugary (含糖的) drinks.
Make time for your friends. Studies show spending time with your friends 40 you have a sense of belonging and can improve your mood.
05
lot judge their move woman in busy really coach make although but
Did you watch the Chengdu FISU World University Games (成都大运会) in 2023 Many student-athletes saw 41 sporting dreams come true at the Games, A 42 of young Chinese athletes did very well at the Games, including Xia Yuyu.
Xia Yuyu is a 25-year-old student from Tsinghua University. She has become a big winner at the FISU World University Games 43 Chengdu. She is the most tired and the 44 athlete at the Games. She took part in four competitions in six days. She won a gold medal in the 45 10, 000 meters, a silver medal in the women’s 5, 000 meters and a bronze (铜) medal in the women’s team half marathon (马拉松). Many people were 46 by her wonderful performance.
Before the Games, she ran for 30 kilometers during training each day. 47 she knew how hard it was to win the gold medal at the Games, she 48 up her mind not to give up.
“I 49 want to thank my university, which helped me solve many problems during preparations for the Games in Chengdu. It’s not been easy for my 50 who has had to attend to all the details of my training and daily life.” Xia said.
06
cheap be at the age of year become amaze run compare to start friend
The history of the girl’s 100-meter dash (短跑) event was made new at the UI5 Gymnasiade (世界中学生夏季运动会) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on Aug 21. Chen Yujie, 14, from Ningbo Zhejiang province, 51 champion with a time of 11.56 seconds. Chen is called the “Flying Girl of Ningbo” for her 52 speed.
Going from a common student to a world champion took Chen only three 53 . Apart from her talent, Chen is also a good example of how running is a sport that is 54 for beginners.
55 later in life is usually not a problem. 56 athletes in other sports, like a gymnast who might have started training 57 4 or 5, Chen stepped into her sports life at 11. China’s star 58 Su Bingtian didn’t even start training until his second year in middle school.
There 59 also no strict requirements for the height of a runner, said sports expert Yuan Tinggang to The Paper. And it’s 60 than other sports. While a curling stone may cost over 10,000 yuan, running needs only a pair of shoes.
07
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。(每个单词限用一次，每空限填一词。)
I; important; see; gift; are; record; quiet; write; care; count
It was a Sunday morning. My younger daughter Lori was busy 61 something in her book. Marilyn and I 62 reading newspapers. Suddenly, Lori asked, “Why are Lisa’s pictures more than 63 ” Lisa is our older daughter.
I didn’t understand Lori’s question. After Lori left the room, I looked at Marilyn, “Are there more pictures of Lisa than of Lori ” “I’ve never 64 them. I don’t know,” said Marilyn.
Marilyn continued, “When Lisa was born, you liked taking photos. You hardly went anywhere without a camera. When Lori was born, videos became popular. You started to use a video camera to 65 her life, so there must be Lori’s videos in our computer.” That night, I found Lori’s videos which she has never 66 so far.
“What are you going to do ” Marilyn asked. I said, “I’m going to make an album (相册) for Lori as a birthday gift. I don’t know if the album will answer Lori’s question, but at least it shows that we’re 67 enough to find an answer to her. I hope she can understand that she is as 68 as her sister to us.”
On 7th June, I put the birthday gift in Lori’s room 69 . That night, when I got back home, I heard Lori say, “I love you, Daddy.”
I knew Lori understood the 70 meaning. I couldn’t help smiling happily.
参考答案：
1．looks 2．closer 3．by 4．his 5．harmful 6．If 7．used 8．create 9．widely 10．artist
【导语】本文主要讲述了福建安溪一座文化公园内一幅与众不同的画作。
1．句意：这幅长5米宽1米的画作如果从远处看，看起来像一幅普通的油画。根据“At 5 meters long and 1 meter wide, the painting…like a common oil painting if it is seen from far away.”和备选词可知，look like表示“看起来像……”符合语境。故填looks。
2．句意：但是凑近看之后，你会发现它是由废弃物制成的。根据“But after taking a...look, you will find that it’s made of waste.”和备选词可知，这里有转折，意在强调更近一步去观察的情况，closer表示“更近的”符合语境。故填closer。
3．句意：这幅作品是由胡大华创作的。根据备选词和“The work was created...Hu Dahua.”表达作品由某人创作，用be created by sb，被动语态结构，故填by。
4．句意：在他退休之前，胡与不同颜色的金属打交道。根据“Before...retirement, Hu worked with metals of different colors.”和备选词可知，此处retirement是名词，前面需要一个限定词来表明所属关系，his是形容词性物主代词，表示“他的”符合语境。故填his。
5．句意：当胡退休后，他开始用钉子和其他对环境有害的废弃物来创作绘画，以鼓励环境保护。根据“with nails and other waste which are...to the environment to encourage environment protection.”可知，钉子和其他废弃物是对环境有害的，备选词harmful“有害的”符合语境。故填harmful。
6．句意：如果用力过大，这些碎片上就会出现褶皱。根据“...he strength is too much, wrintles will appear on the pieces.”和备选词可知，句子前半部分描述一种情况，后半部分说会出现的相应结果，if表示“如果”，引导条件关系从句，符合语境。故填If。
7．句意：有褶皱的碎片不能在我的艺术作品中被使用。根据“Pieces with wrinkles can’t be...in my artwork.”和备选词可知，句子为被动语态结构，be used表示“被使用”符合语境。故填used。
8．句意：胡说：“创作这幅安溪的画花费了我半年时间。”根据“‘It took me half a year to...the picture of Amxi,’ Hu said.”可知，此句为It took sb some time to do sth句型，表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”，结合创作这幅画这件事。备选词create是动词，表示“创作”符合语境。故填create。
9．句意：他的作品被当地人广泛知晓和认可。根据“His work is...known and supposed by local people.”可知，这里描述程度，需要一个副词来修饰known，备选词widely是副词，表示“广泛地”符合语境，故填widely。
10．句意：他被朋友和邻居称赞为一位环保艺术家。根据“He was praised as an environment-protection...by his friends and neighbors.”和备选词可知，需要一个表示身份的名词，说明他被称赞的具体身份。artist表示“艺术家”，符合语境。故填artist。
11．first 12．reading 13．with 14．open 15．soon 16．brought 17．ideas 18．are 19．their 20．feeling
【导语】本文介绍了小型免费图书馆的创始人Todd Bol以及他创建的这种类型的图书馆。
11．句意：你知道第一个小型免费图书馆是谁建的吗？根据“Do you know who built the…Little Free Library”以及结合备选词汇，可知是指第一个小型免费图书馆是谁建的，序数词first“第一个”修饰空后的Library，故填first。
12．句意：Bol的母亲是一名教师，她很喜欢阅读。love doing sth.“喜欢做某事”，根据“Bol’s mother was a teacher”可知是老师，爱阅读，read“阅读”，故填reading。
13．句意：他在盒子里装满了书，并把它放在自家前院，挂了一个牌子，上面写着“免费图书”。filled with“充满”，故填with。
14．句意：这个盒子总是打开的。根据“People could take and return the books whenever they wanted.”可知盒子总是打开的，open“打开的”，故填open。
15．句意：Bol的小型图书馆很快变得流行起来。根据“Bol’s little library got popular”以及结合备选词汇可知是指小型图书馆很快变得流行起来，soon“不久”，故填soon。
16．句意：它不仅提供书籍，还将人们聚在一起。根据“people together”可知是指将人们聚在一起，bring together“使在一起”，结合provided可知时态为一般过去时，此空用过去式。故填brought。
17．句意：他们分享思想、主意和故事。与“thoughts”、“stories”表并列，结合备选词汇，复数形式ideas“主意”符合，故填ideas。
18．句意：现在世界上有超过15万个小型免费图书馆。there be“有”，结合now，可知时态为一般现在时，主语Libraries复数，be动词用are。故填are。
19．句意：Bol经常听到新的小型免费图书馆老板告诉他，图书馆对他们的社区是多么重要。根据“how important the libraries are to”可知是指图书馆对他们的社区是多么重要，形容词性物主代词their“他们的”修饰空后的名词community，故填their。
20．句意：这总是给他一种满足感。根据“satisfaction”可知是指满足感，a feeling of satisfaction“满足感”，故填feeling。
21．new 22．parts 23．celebrate 24．For 25．they 26．May 27．also 28．biggest 29．more 30．because
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一些新的节日。
21．句意：在现代，一些新的节日已经出现。根据后文“Some of the new festivals”可知，此处说的是新的节日。故填new。
22．句意：一些新的节日来自世界上不同的部分。different parts of the world“世界上不同部分”。故填parts。
23．句意：现在全世界的人都在庆祝国际妇女节、国际博览馆日以及国际护士节。根据后文“These festivals didn’t start in China, but we celebrate them in a Chinese way.”可知，此处说的是庆祝。句子为一般现在时，主语为people around the world，用动词原形celebrate。故填celebrate。
24．句意：例如，许多中国人称“国际妇女节”为“女生节”或“女王节”。fox example“例如”，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填For。
25．句意：在这一天，她们有有趣的活动，比如说穿汉服。根据前文“many Chinese call International Women’ s Day ‘Girls’ Day’ or ‘Queens’ Day’”可知，此处是说过这一节日的女士们，用they代替。故填they。
26．句意：520在五月二十日。根据常识可知，520在五月二十日。故填May。
27．句意：双十一也被称为“光棍节”……。光棍节是双十一另一个称呼，用also“也”。故填also。
28．句意：并且它现在还是世界上最大的购物日。分析句子可知，该处是说在世界范围内的比较，是最大的，用最高级。big的最高级形式为biggest。故填biggest。
29．句意：对于许多年轻人，新的节日看起来要比老的节日有趣多了。句中有than要用比较级，interesting是多音节形容词，变成比较级要借助more。故填more。
30．句意：但它们是旧的还是新的并不重要，因为节日通常给我们提供了一个可以和爱的人享受生活的很棒的机会。根据前文“But it doesn’t matter whether they are old or new”可知，前后存在因果关系。故填because。
31．tired 32．sleep 33．against 34．because 35．like 36．better 37．excited 38．fruits 39．sick 40．makes
【导语】本文主要介绍了对抗季节性情感障碍的方法。
31．句意：你可能会发现，当冬天来临的时候，低温让你一直感到疲倦。根据“the low temperature makes you feel...all the time.”和备选词可知，低温让你一直感到疲倦。形容词tired作表语，故填tired。
32．句意：更糟糕的是，它会让你睡得不好，思维不清晰。根据“What’s worse, it makes you...badly”可知，这里缺少一个动词。结合备选词可知，sleep“睡觉”符合题意。make sb do sth“使某人做某事”，故填sleep。
33．句意：以下是一些对抗季节性情感障碍的方法。fight against“对抗”，是固定短语。故填against。
34．句意：一些科学家说，季节性情感障碍的发生是因为人们在冬天比在其他季节得到的阳光少。前后句是因果关系，前果后因，故填because。
35．句意：所以做一些事情，比如拉起窗帘，在阳光下散步，会让你感觉更好。根据“raising the blinds (拉起窗帘) and taking a walk outside”可知，这是对做的事情的列举，应用介词like。故填like。
36．句意：所以做一些事情，比如拉起窗帘，在阳光下散步，会让你感觉更好。根据“raising the blinds (拉起窗帘) and taking a walk outside in the sun can make you feel ”可知，这些事情可以帮助你感觉更好，这里暗含比较，应用比较级better。故填better。
37．句意：散步或做一些运动会在你的身体里产生内啡肽，它可以让你兴奋。根据“endorphins (内啡肽) in your body”可知，内啡肽可以让你兴奋，应用形容词excited作宾语补足语，故填excited。
38．句意：多吃新鲜水果和蔬菜。根据“Eat more fresh...and vegetables.”可知，多吃新鲜水果和蔬菜，应用名词fruit，此处需要复数形式，表示不同种类的水果。故填fruits。
39．句意：避免吃可能会让你生病的食物，比如糖果、饼干和含糖饮料。根据“Avoid foods which may make you...such as sweets, biscuits, and sugary (含糖的) drinks”可知，不要吃可以让你生病的食物。sick“生病的”，形容词作宾语补足语。故填sick。
40．句意：研究表明，花时间和朋友在一起会让你有归属感，还能改善你的情绪。根据“spending time with your friends...you have a sense of belonging and can improve your mood.”可知，花时间和朋友在一起会让你有归属感，还能改善你的情绪。make“让，使”符合语境，主语是动名词短语，动词用单三。故填makes。
41．their 42．lot 43．in 44．busiest 45．women’s 46．moved 47．Although 48．made 49．really 50．coach
【导语】本文主要讲述了2023年成都大运会上清华大学学生Xia Yuyu的杰出表现，她在比赛中赢得了多枚奖牌，并感谢学校和教练在她备战过程中的辛勤付出。
41．句意：许多运动员在大运会上实现了他们的运动梦想。根据“sporting dreams”可知，此处是指他们的运动梦想，修饰名词，需用形容词性物主代词their“他们的”。故填their。
42． 句意：许多中国年轻运动员在比赛中表现得非常好。a lot of表示“许多”，故填lot。
43．句意：她在成都大运会上取得了巨大成功。表示在某地用介词in，后跟大地点。故填in。
44．句意：她是比赛中最忙碌的运动员。根据“She took part in four competitions in six days.”可知，她参加很多比赛，因此是最忙碌的运动员，the后跟最高级，用busiest表示“最忙碌的”。故填busiest。
45．句意：她在女子10000米比赛中获得金牌，在女子5000米比赛中获得银牌，在女子半程马拉松比赛中获得铜牌。根据“a silver medal in the women’s 5, 000 meters and a bronze (铜) medal in the women’s team half marathon (马拉松).”可知，此处表示女子比赛，用名词所有格women’s，修饰其后名词。故填women’s。
46．句意：许多人都对她的精彩表现所感动。根据“Many people were...by her wonderful performance.”可知，很多人对她的表现所感动，be moved by“被……感动”。故填moved。
47．句意：尽管她明白在比赛中赢得金牌有多么困难，她还是决定不放弃。前后句之间是让步关系，表示“尽管”用although，故填Although。
48．句意：她决定不放弃。make up one’s mind to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“决定做某事”；结合“Before the Games, she ran for 30 kilometers during training each day. ”可知，本句是一般过去时。故填made。
49．句意：我真的要感谢我的大学。根据“want to thank my university,”可知，此处是指真的感谢自己的大学，修饰动词，需用副词really，表示“真的，真正地”，故填really。
50．句意：这是我教练的不容易。根据“who has had to attend to all the details of my training and daily life.”可知，此处提及教练的辛勤付出，用coach表示“教练”，结合“has had to attend”可知，此处用单数形式。故填coach。
51．became 52．amazing 53．years 54．friendly 55．Starting 56．Compared to 57．at the age of 58．runner 59．are 60．cheaper
【导语】本文讲述了中学生夏季运动会女子100米短跑冠军陈玉洁的故事。
51．句意：来自浙江宁波的14岁的陈玉杰以11秒56的成绩获得冠军。由“Chen Yujie, 14, from Ningbo Zhejiang province,…champion with a time of 11.56 seconds”可知，是成为了冠军，备选词汇“become成为”符合语境，描述过去的事情，句子应用一般过去时。故填became。
52．句意：陈因其惊人的速度被称为“宁波飞天女郎”。由“Chen is called the ‘Flying Girl of Ningbo’ for her…speed”和备选词汇可知应用amaze“惊人”的形容词，speed为物应用amazing来修饰。故填amazing。
53．句意：从一个普通学生到世界冠军，陈只用了三年时间。由“three”和备选词汇可知，此处指三年，应用year“年”的复数形式。故填years。
54．句意：除了她的天赋，陈还是一个很好的例子，说明跑步是一项对初学者友好的运动。由“Chen is also a good example of how running is a sport that is…for beginners”可知，此处说的是跑步是一项友好的运动，应用friend“朋友”的形容词形式作表语。故填friendly。
55．句意：在生命中晚一点开始通常不是问题。由“…later in life is usually not a problem”可知，此处说晚点开始也不是问题，备选词汇“start开始”符合语境，此处应用动名词作主语，位于句首首字母需大写。故填Starting。
56．句意：与其他运动项目的运动员相比，比如体操运动员可能从4岁或5岁就开始训练，陈11岁开始了她的运动生活。由“…athletes in other sports, like a gymnast”可知，此处是与其他运动员相比，保持词汇“compare to与……相比”符合语境，此处应用过去分词作状语，位于句首首字母需大写。故填Compared to。
57．句意：与其他运动项目的运动员相比，比如体操运动员可能从4岁或5岁就开始训练，陈11岁开始了她的运动生活。at the age of+数字意为“在……岁时”，固定搭配。故填at the age of。
58．句意：中国田径明星苏炳添直到中学二年级才开始训练。由“China’s star…Su Bingtian”可知备选词汇“run跑步”符合语境，苏炳添是跑步运动员，应用runner。故填runner。
59．句意：体育专家袁庭刚对澎湃新闻说，对运动员的身高也没有严格的要求。由“There…also no strict requirements for the height of a runner”可知，此处是there be句型，陈述事实，句子用一般现在时，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are。
60．句意：而且它比其他运动更便宜。由“While a curling stone may cost over 10,000 yuan, running needs only a pair of shoes”可知，此处指跑步比其他运动更便宜，应用cheap“便宜的”的比较级。故填cheaper。
61．writing 62．were 63．mine 64．counted 65．record 66．seen 67．careful 68．important 69．quietly 70．gift’s
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者家的一个小故事；故事始于女儿罗莉的疑问，疑问自己的照片比姐姐的少；后来爸爸妈妈进行了搜寻，利用过去的视频做成相册作为生日礼物送给了罗莉，表达了父母的爱意，罗莉很感动，消除了这个小误会。
61．句意：我的小女儿罗莉正忙着在她的书上写东西。结合“something in her book”和备选词汇可知，此处是指女儿正在她的书上写东西；write“写”，动词，再根据空前“was busy”可知，此处考查be busy doing sth.“忙于做某事”，因此这里应用动名词形式writing作宾语。故填writing。
62．句意：玛丽莲和我在看报纸。分析句子结构和语境可知，时态应用过去进行时，其结构为was/were doing；主语“Marilyn and I”为复数，be动词用were。故填were。
63．句意：为什么丽莎的照片比我的多？结合语境和备选词汇可知，此处是指罗莉询问她的照片比姐姐丽莎的少一些，应用人称代词I“我”的名词性物主代词mine“我的”作宾语，指代my pictures。故填mine。
64．句意：我从来没有数过。结合“Are there more pictures of Lisa than of Lori ”和备选词汇可知，此处是指“我”没有数过；count“数数，计数”，动词，再根据“I’ve never”可知，时态为现在完成时，其结构为have/has done，因此这里应用过去分词counted。故填counted。
65．句意：你开始用摄像机记录她的生活，所以我们的电脑里一定有罗莉的视频。结合“a video camera”和备选词汇可知，此处是指用摄像机记录她的生活；record“记录”，动词，前有不定式符号to，此处应用动词原形record。故填record。
66．句意：那天晚上，我找到了罗莉还没看过的视频。结合语境和备选词汇可知，此处是指作者找到了罗莉还没有看到过的视频；see“看见”，动词，句子时态为现在完成时，此处应填过去分词seen。故填seen。
67．句意：我不知道这张专辑是否能回答罗莉的问题，但至少它表明我们足够仔细地寻找她的答案。结合上文“I’m going to make an album for Lori as a birthday gift.”和备选词汇可知，此处是指作者很仔细地为小女儿寻找答案，应用名词care“小心”的形容词形式careful“仔细的，小心的”作表语。故填careful。
68．句意：我希望她能明白她对我们来说和她姐姐一样重要。结合上文“When Lori was born, videos became popular. You started to use a video camera to … her life,”和备选词汇可知，此处是指小女儿与大女儿对父母来说一样重要，应用形容词important“重要的”在句中作表语，as和as之间用形容词原级。故填important。
69．句意：6月7日，我悄悄地把生日礼物放进罗莉的房间里。结合下文“That night, when I got back home, I heard Lori say, ‘I love you, Daddy.’”和备选词汇可知，此处是指作者悄悄地把礼物放进罗莉的房间，应用形容词quiet“安静的”的副词形式quietly“悄悄地”修饰动词put，在句中作状语。故填quietly。
70．句意：我知道罗莉明白了礼物的意义。结合上文“I put the birthday gift in Lori’s room”和备选词汇可知，此处是指罗莉明白了礼物的意义，应用名词gift“礼物”的所有格形式gift’s“礼物的”作定语，修饰名词meaning。故填gift’s。
