北京师范大学万宁附属中学2025届高三上学期第三次月考英语试卷(含解析)
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| 名称 | 北京师范大学万宁附属中学2025届高三上学期第三次月考英语试卷(含解析) |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2024-12-22 19:35:16 | ||
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北京师范大学万宁附属中学2025届高三上学期第三次月考英语试卷
学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
Now， Earth Day is celebrated around the world. We still face many challenges， such as climate change， plastic pollution， and deforestation. But we can all make a difference.
Her Trees Save Lives
Adeline Tiffanie Suwana was 12 when her family's home flooded. Indonesia， her island nation， is often hit hard by floods and other natural disasters. Adeline learned that mangrove trees play a key role in flood protection and rallied classmates to plant 200 trees during a school break. They started a group called Sahabat Alam or Friends of Nature， which works to conserve the region's biodiversity and combat climate change.
Today， Adeline attends university， studying how businesses can help the environment.
Teens’ Two-Fold Invention
EPS—expanded polystyrene foam—is the white， lightweight stuff used to make things like takeout food containers， foam egg cartons， and packing "peanuts". But it takes up a lot of space and is difficult to recycle. EPS breaks into small pieces as it floats down waterways into oceans， harming wildlife along the way.
Eighth-graders Julia Bray， Luke Clay， and Ashton Cofer looked at EPS's chemical makeup and saw that it was mostly carbon. That sparked an idea. Could they turn it into activated carbon， a material that filters toxins from water？
After 50 hours of experiments， including one that accidentally set the family grill on fire， they succeeded！
Solar for Her School
When Claire Vlases of Montana was in seventh grade， she learned about plans to expand and modernize her middle school. Claire asked the schoolboard to add solar panels to the project. The board liked the idea but said it could contribute just$ 25，000， one-fifth of the cost. So Claire organized a group of kids and adults who set to work raising the rest.
They asked for donations， even going door-to-door for them. And they appealed to charitable foundations too. One even donated half the cost！
After two years of hard work， the group paid for the solar panels， which now supply one-fourth of the school's electricity needs.
1．What do the three groups of teenagers have in common？
A.They are Earth-helping heroes.
B.They are from island countries.
C.They are keen on experiments.
D.They are high school students.
2．How much did one of the charitable organizations donate for solar panels？
A.$ 25 ，000
B.$ 5 ，000.
C.$ 62，500.
D.$ 125， 000.
3．What is the purpose of the text？
A.To give models for colorful school activities.
B.To explore the ways to deal with plastic pollution.
C.To inspire people to act for environmental problems.
D.To display the amazing power of effective cooperation.
My son just， turned 14 and does not have a smartphone. When he graduated from Grade 8， he was the only kid in his class without one. He asks for a phone now that he’s going to high school. I say no， he asks why， I explain， and he pushes back.
"You can choose to do things differently when you're a parent， "I told him. But sometimes，I wonder if I’m being too stubborn or unfair.
The more I research，the more confident I feel about my decision. Many studies link the current mental health crisis among adolescents to fundamental changes in how they socialize， namely， the shift from in-person to online interaction.
But other mothers challenge my view. "He must feel so left out！" Then there are the parents who tell me sadly that they wish they had delayed their teenager's phone ownership longer than they did. They urge me to hold out.
If teenagers between the ages of 13 and 18 are truly spending an average of 8 hours 39 minutes per day on their devices， as stated in a survey conducted by Common Sense Media， then what are they not doing？ Kids absorbed in their devices are missing out on real life， and that strikes me as really sad.
I want my son to have a childhood he feels satisfied with and proud of. I want it to be full of adventures， imaginative play and physical challenges which he must sort himself out without asking me for help. The easiest and simplest way to achieve these goals is to delay giving him a smartphone.
Some think my son is missing out or falling behind， but he is not. He does well in school and extra-curricular activities，hangs out with his friends in person， and moves independently around our small town. He promises he'll give his own 14-year-old a phone someday， and I tell him that's fine. But recently， he admitted that he missed the beautiful scenery on a drive to a nearby mountain because he had been so absorbed in his friend's iPad. If that is his version of admitting I'm right， I‘ll take it.
4． What is the author primarily concerned about regarding giving her son a phone？
A.Her son's online safety.
B.Her son's mental growth.
C.Her son's reduced physical activities.
D.Her son's poor academic performance.
5．What quality does the author want her son to develop in his childhood？
A.Leadership.
B.Team spirit.
C.Independence.
D.Critical thinking.
6． What can be learned about the author's son？
A.He is falling behind academically.
B.He is easily influenced by his friends.
C.He has given up his desire for a smartphone.
D.He has realized the problems of much screen time.
7． How does the author feel about her decision not to give her son a phone？
A.Regretful.
B.Hesitant.
C.Justified.
D.Guilty.
When you eagerly dig into a long-awaited dinner, it's traditionally believed that signals from your stomach to your brain stop you eating so much. However, a research team recently discovered that it's our sense of taste that immediately pulls us back from eating food overly on a hungry day. Stimulated by the perception of flavor，a set of brain cells becomes active to quickly curtail food intake.
Previous studies have suggested that the food taste may control how fast we eat， but it's been impossible to study relevant brain activities during eating because brain cells that control this process are located deep in our brains， making them hard to access or record in an awake animal. New techniques developed by the team allowed for the first-ever imaging and recording of a brainstem structure critical for feeling full， called NTS， in an active mouse.
The new study found that when researchers put food directly into the mouse's stomach， brain cells called PRLH were activated by signals from the gut（消化道）， in line with traditional thinking. However， when they allowed the mouse to eat the food as it normally would， those signals from the gut didn't show up. Instead， the PRLH brain cells switched to a new activity pattern that was entirely controlled by signals from the mouth. "It's astonishing that these cells were activated by the perception of taste，" said researchers. "It shows that there are other components of the appetite-control system that deserve our attention."
The PRLH-activated slowdown also makes sense in terms of timing. The taste of food allows PRLH to switch their activity in seconds. In contrast， another group of brain cells， called CGC， takes several minutes to respond to signals from the gut. The good thing is that CGC can hold back hunger for a much longer time. These two sets of brain cells interact to work together: one uses taste to slow down eating， while the other signals that you are full.
Understanding how body signals regulate appetite could improve weight-loss programs for the overweight by making use of interactions between signals from different brain cell sets.
8．What does the underlined word" curtail" in paragraph 1 probably mean？
A.Limit.
B.Assist.
C.Expand
D.Activate
9．What is the limitation of previous studies according to paragraph 2？
A.Unqualified professionals.
B.Inadequate technologies.
C.Improper methods.
D.Insufficient funds.
10．What did the new study find about PRLH brain cells when the mouse normally ate？
A.They helped stimulate the mouse's appetite.
B.They were controlled by signals from the stomach.
C.They were activated by signals from the mouth.
D.They encouraged the mouse to speed up eating.
11．What is the function of CGC brain cells？
A.To slow down eating speed.
B.To improve the digestion system.
C.To extend the feeling of fullness.
D.To interact with signals from taste.
Want to know what is coming soon to a cinema near you Probably not a 1. 5-hour-long movie, as in the old days. On October 20th comes Killers of the Flower Moon. At nearly three and a half hours, its length is nearly double that of the average film last year. Even movie fans struggle to concentrate for that long and some viewers even nod off. Afterwards there is a mad dash for the toilets. When does watching a film become such a slog
The Economist analyzed over 100， 000 feature films released internationally since the 1930s， the start of Hollywood's golden age， using data from IMDb， a movie database. The average length of productions rose by around 24%， from one hour and 21 minutes in the 1930s to one hour and 47 minutes in 2022. For the ten most-popular titles， the average length grew to around two and a half hours in 2022， nearly 50% higher than in the 1930s.
One driver of this trend is that studios want to squeeze the most out of their costly intellectual property （知识产权） ， but they are competing with streaming platforms for eyeballs. The hope is that a spectacular， drawn-out "event" movie will draw audiences away from the small screen and into cinemas. This approach has often paid off: Avengers: Endgame Marvel's three-hour superhero masterpieces， was the highest-grossing （票房最高的） film in 2019. Last year long movies series made up most of the highest-grossing films in America.
Another explanation for longer films has to do with directors' growing influence. Who would dare tell the likes of Mr. Nolan to cut out his masterpieces？ Moreover， streaming platforms， which do not have to worry as much about the length because viewers can pause whenever they like， may attract big names by promising them sufficient fund and creative flix funded and released three-hour The Irishman in 2019， a film that would have benefited from a decisive editor， Irish or otherwise.
12．The underlined part "a slog" in paragraph 1 refers to a （n） ___.
A.pleasure
B.effort
C.conflict
D.feast
13．What can be inferred from paragraph 2？
A.The average length affects the popularity of films.
B.Great advances have been made in film industry.
C.Hollywood starts a golden age of feature films.
D.The average duration of movies has stretched.
14．What sets the trend of longer movies？
A.Competition for the target audience.
B.Thirst for more classic productions.
C.Influence of streaming platforms.
D.Preference for decisive editors.
15．What is probably the best title for the passage？
A.Movie Enthusiasts
B.Movie Marathons
C.Movie Production
D.Movie Influence
二、七选五
16．
How hardships make you stronger
Past hardships can help you carry on in the face of current stress. People who experienced a medium level of hardship reported better mental health and higher life satisfaction over time compared to both those who reported a high history of hardship and those with no history of hardship. ①
They can bring growth after sufferings. We may find it difficult to believe the suffering experiences will eventually lead to some type of growth. ② Post-traumatic(创伤后的)growth is the experience of positive change after going through a significantly stressful event. Researchers have discovered two common themes that people tend to report after experiencing a stressful event: spiritual growth and improved personal strength.
They build self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is the belief or the confidence in your ability to overcome difficulties and succeed. ③ . First, pick an area of confidence or a skill you want to develop. The best way to improve that skill is to learn by doing. If you want to improve your public speaking skills and ability, then you need to practice speaking in public.④ Back to the public speaking example, you could watch video clips of great speakers on some social media platforms and take notes on how they tell stories or use humor. Lastly, you can improve by being coached by a credible and respected source. Meanwhile , you could turn to people for help who can give you feedback as you work toward your goals.
They help you transform stress into a challenge. How you think about stress matters enormously in terms of how you process it.⑤ , while others are able to see it as a challenge. With a challenge response, you get additional energy. In fact, people who are able to think about stress more like a challenge and less like a threat report less depression and anxiety, higher levels of energy, work performance and life satisfaction.
A. Some people view stress as a threat
B. It's developed in three specific ways
C. The next best way to improve is to learn by observing others
D. The fact is that we can get the ability to become stronger after a difficult situation
E. That is because past struggles can help you become stronger in the following ways
F. The past struggles against hardships， even small ones， can help you step out of the trouble
G. Your world feels out of control right now and your stress levels are at an all-time high you face
三、完形填空（15空）
When I first entered university, my aunt, who is an English professor, gave me a new English dictionary. I was 1 to see that it was an English-English dictionary, also known as a monolingual(单语的) dictionary. 2 it was a dictionary intended for non-native learners, none of my classmates had one and , to be honest, I found it extremely 3 to use at first. I would look up words in the dictionary and 4 not fully understand the meanings. I was used to the familiar bilingual(涉及两种语言的）dictionaries, in which the word are 5 both in English and Chinese. I really wondered why my aunt 6 to make things so difficult for me. Now, after studying English at university for three years, I 7 that monolingual dictionaries are 8 in learning a foreign language.
As I found out, there is,in fact, often no perfect equivalence(对应) between two 9 in two languages. My aunt even goes so far as to declare that a Chinese "equivalent" can never give you the 10 meaning of a word in English! 11 , she insisted that I read the definition(定义)of a word in a monolingual dictionary 12 I wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning. 13 , I have come to see what she meant.
Using a monolingual dictionary for learners has helped me in another important way. This dictionary uses a limited number of words, around 2,000, in its definitions. When I read these definitions, I am 14 exposed to(接触)the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas. 15 this, I can express myself more easily in English.
17．
A.worried
B.sad
C.surprised
D.nervous
18．
A.Because
B.Although
C.Unless
D.If
19．
A.difficult
B.interesting
C.ambiguous
D.practical
20．
A.thus
B.even
C.still
D.again
21．
A.explained
B.expressed
C.described
D.created
22．
A.offered
B.agreed
C.decided
D.happened
23．
A.imagine
B.recommend
C.predict
D.understand
24．
A.natural
B.better
C.easier
D.convenient
25．
A.words
B.names
C.ideas
D.characters
26．
A.exact
B.basic
C.translated
D.expected
27．
A.Rather
B.However
C.Therefore
D.Instead
28．
A.when
B.before
C.until
D.unless
29．
A.Largely
B.Generally
C.Gradually
D.Probably
30．
A.repeatedly
B.nearly
C.immediately
D.anxiously
31．
A.According to
B.In relation to
C.In addition to
D.Because of
四、短文填空
32．
During the Tang Dynasty, poet Li Bai wrote a poem about the tough journey to Shu, comparing it to scaling the vast blue sky. The Shu Roads are named after the ancient state of Shu. The builders of the expressway ① (link) Jiuzhi County in Qinghai Province to Barkam City in Sichuan Province know ② complex it is to build a road in the region.
Extending for 219 kilometers, the expressway lies at ③ height of over 3,300 metres. This means that the annual average temperature is just 1.4 C, and can drop as low as -36 C. Since the construction began in
2020, this extreme climate ④ (limit) work to roughly six months a year. The ⑤ (hard) section was the 5.5-km Shenzuo tunnel, running through weak and jointed rock masses and ⑥ (exceptional) complicated land conditions. Ma Kelin, the only female project manager, has learned a tough lesson since she joined the project. It took her over a month ⑦ (recover) from vomiting(呕吐) and breathlessness.
The expressway, with an ⑧ (invest) of 30.2 billion yuan, will be open to traffic by the end of next year. Many of those people ⑨ live along its length are waiting, expecting it to contribute to economic development. The local authority plans an area of 12 square kilometers for potential ⑩ (tourist) attracted by the new road.
五、书面表达
33．
假如你是李华，你在你校举办的"用英语讲好中国故事"活动中获得了一等奖。你的英国笔友John 发来邮件向你表示祝贺并想了解你讲的故事，请你给他写一封回信，内容包括:
1.感谢祝贺;
2.故事概况;
3.参加活动的感受
注意:
1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数;
3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
参考词汇:用英语讲好中国故事 Chinese Stories Retold in English
Dear John，
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Hua
六、读后续写
34．
It was my first long race-marathon. The wind and the rain chilled（使很冷） me to the bone and the sun was yet out to warm up the air. The starting gun would go off any second. I was ready. I was 28 and in the best shape of my life. At least， I thought I was. I ran all the time and had already run several races， But none of them was 26.2 miles. The farthest I had run before was only 15 miles. Still， I was young and overconfident and I knew I could do it.
The gun went off and the race started. I was excited and the weather became the furthest thing from my mind. I just concentrated on holding my own position among the other runners. I had no real finishing goal in mind， but when I settled into my pace， I soon worked out that I could easily break 4 hours.
Within a few miles， I ran past an elderly runner. He must have been over 70 years old and I was surprised he was even in the race. I was even more surprised that he was still ahead of me. He kept to the side of the road， his old legs moving one in front of the other， slowly but stably. I passed him without giving him a second glance or a word of encouragement.
I kept moving. 15 miles came and I was on pace to beat 4 hours. Then something strange happened. I started to get tired. My goal of 4 hours soon got pushed back to 4:10. Then 4:20.Finally， at about the 20-mile mark， I couldn't run any more. I had to walk.
I moved to the side of the road and with difficulty I walked along. I needed a second wind， but it wasn't coming. The rain was back. There was nothing I could do about it but concentrate on putting one foot in front of the other.
Then the elderly man passed me. He looked the same as he had earlier， running at the same speed. As he passed， he looked over at me and smiled， "Only a few more miles to go. Don't give up now！"
注意:
1.续写词数应为150个左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Thinking of being beaten by an elderly man， I moved on.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
He crossed the finish line ahead of me and I was soon to follow.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．答案： A
解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段以及下文可知，文章主要介绍一些学生形成组织为保护地球做出的事迹。所以本文中的青少年都是保护地球的英雄。故选A项。
2．答案： C
解析： 细节理解题。根据Solar for Her School 部分第一段第三句可知，董事会喜欢这个想法，但表示只能出资25000美元，即费用的五分之一。故总费用是25000x5=125000。再根据本部分的第二段最后一句可知，其中一个慈善基金会甚至捐了一半的费用。故慈善基金会捐赠了125000÷2=62500。故选C项。
3．答案： C
解析： 推理判断题。文章通过三个不同的故事展示了个人如何通过具体的行动对环境造成积极影响。首先，Adeline Tiffanie Suwana通过召集同学建立组织种植红树林来减少洪水的影响，展示了年轻人如何参与自然保护和应对气候变化。接着，三名八年级学生通过将聚苯乙烯泡沫转化为活性碳来解决塑料污染问题，展示了创新思维在解决环境问题中的重要性。最后，ClaireVlases通过组织筹款活动为学校安装太阳能电池板，显示了社区合作对于实现可持续能源目标的力量。这些故事都强调了个人和小团体如何通过具体行动解决环境问题，激励人们为环境问题采取行动。故选C项。
4．答案： B
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，许多研究将当前青少年的心理健康危机与他们社交方式的根本变化联系起来，即从面对面互动转向在线互动。故关于给儿子一部智能手机，作者主要担心的是孩子的心理发育问题。故选B项。
5．答案： C
解析： 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段第二句可知，作者希望儿子的童年充满冒险、想象力的游戏，以及必须自己解决而不需要作者帮助的身体挑战。由此可推断作者想让她儿子在童年时发展其独立自主能力。故选C项。
6．答案： D
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知，作者的儿子最近承认在去附近山区的驾车路程中错过了美丽的风景，因为他过于沉迷于朋友的iPad。这表明他已经意识到长时间沉迷屏幕的问题。故选D项。
7．答案： C
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知，作者对这个问题研究得越多，对这一决定就越有把握。再根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，实现这些目标最简单的方法是推迟给他手机。最后根据最后一段最后一句可知，如果这就是他承认我（推迟给他手机）是正确的，那么我接受。这表明作者认为她的决定是有正当理由的。故选C项。
8．答案： A
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的上文可知，研究团队发现，在饥饿时，我们的味觉会立即把我们从过度进食中拉回来。故可猜测画线词所在句是讲一组脑细胞在味觉刺激下会变得活跃起来以迅速减少食物摄入量。故画线词的意思与A项"限制"最为接近。
9．答案： B
解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句可知，之前的研究表明，食物的味道可能会控制我们进食的速度，但由于控制这一过程的脑细胞位于大脑深处，很难在清醒的动物身上获得或记录它们，因此无法研究进食过程中的相关大脑活动。故可推知之前研究的限制因素是技术的欠缺。
10．答案： C
解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段二、三句可知，当研究人员让老鼠像平常一样吃东西时，来自消化道的信号没有出现。相反PRLH脑细胞切换到一个全新的活动模式，这模式完全由来自口腔的信号控制。这表明，PRLH脑细胞在老鼠正常进食时被来自口腔的信号所激活。
11．答案： C
解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第四段第三句可知，好消息是CGC可以在更长的时间内抑制饥饿。故CGC脑细胞可以延长饱腹感。
12．答案： B
解析： 猜测词义题。从第一段"Even moviefans struggle to concentrate for that long and some viewers even nod off. Afterwards there is a mad dash for the toilets."可知，即使爱好看电影的人都很困难集中这么久的注意力，有些观众甚至睡着了。看完电影后，众人都疯狂冲向厕所， 所以最后一句发问:什么时候看个电影都变得如此辛苦？
13．答案： D
解析： 推理判断题。第二段列举的数据是经济学家分析了自从1930年以来的100000部电影，平均时长上升了24%，从最初的1小时21分钟到1小时47分钟，甚至最受欢迎的10部电影里，最长时长达到了2.5小时。所以这些数据说明"电影的平均时长一直在延长"。
14．答案： A
解析： 细节理解题。从第三段和第四段的段首句可知，电影变长的驱动力一方面是因为"特许经营权"，让电影公司要跟流媒体平台竞争，吸引观众眼球，另一方面是"导演们不断增长的影响力"。
15．答案： B
解析： 主旨大意题。本文主要讲了电影时长在增加的现象。
16．答案： E; D; B; C; A
解析： ①考查段尾句。空前句讲与那些说经历过重重困难和没有经历困难的人相比，经历过中等程度困难的人说，随着时间的推移，他们的心理健康状况更好，生活满意度更高。E项"那是因为过去的苦难可以通过以下方式帮助你变得更坚强"承接上文，解释其原因，同时引出下文困难帮助人们变得更坚强的几种方式，符合语境。
②考查段中句。空前句讲我们可能很难相信痛苦的经历最终会导致某种类型的成长，空后句讲创伤后成长是指经历重大压力事件后积极改变的经历。D项"事实是，我们可以在经历困难之后获得变得更坚强的能力"与上文构成转折关系，同时承接下文，符合语境。
③考查段中句。空前句讲自我效能是对自己克服困难并取得成功的能力的信念或信心，即具体解释了自我效能的含义。空后从三个方面具体介绍了如何发展自我效能。B项"它以三种具体方式发展"引出空后罗列的内容，且其中的it指代的就是空前句中的Self-efficacy。
④考查段中句。空前讲提高这项技能的最佳方法就是边做边学。如果你想提高你的公共演讲技巧和能力，那么你需要在公共场合练习演讲。空后句讲回到公共演讲的例子，你可以在一些社交媒体平台上观看优秀演讲者的视频片段，并记下他们是如何讲故事或使用幽默的。C项"提高（这项技能）的下一个最佳方法是通过观察他人来学习"与空前所讲的"最佳方法"相呼应，且空后所举例子是对C项的具体阐述，C项与空前后衔接紧密，符合语境。
⑤考查段中句。空前句讲你如何看待压力对于你如何处理压力非常重要。空后句讲然而其他人把这视作挑战。A项"有些人将压力视为威胁"进一步谈论如何看待压力，且与下文构成对比关系，符合语境。
17．答案： C
解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我惊讶地发现这是一本英英词典，也被称为单语词典。
18．答案： B
解析： 考查连词词义辨析。句意:虽然这本词典是为非母语学习者准备的，但我的同学都没有，而且说实话，刚开始我发现它很难用。
19．答案： A
解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:虽然这本词典是为非母语学习者准备的，但我的同学都没有，而且说实话，刚开始我发现它很难用。
20．答案： C
解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意:我会去查字典，但还是不完全理解意思。
21．答案： A
解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意:我习惯了熟悉的双语词典，其中的单词是用英语和汉语解释的。
22．答案： C
解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意:我真不明白我阿姨为什么决定要为难我。
23．答案： D
解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意:现在，在大学学习了三年英语之后，我知道单语词典在学习外语方面更好。
24．答案： B
解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:现在，在大学学习了三年英语之后，我知道单语词典在学习外语方面更好。
25．答案： A
解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意:我发现，事实上，在两种语言中，两个词之间往往没有完全对等的。
26．答案： A
解析： 考查形容词动词词义辨析。句意:我的阿姨甚至宣称，一个中文的"对等词"永远不能给你一个英文单词的确切意思！
27．答案： C
解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意:因此，当我想更好地理解一个单词的意思时，她坚持让我阅读单语词典中的定义。
28．答案： A
解析： 考查从属连词词义辨析。句意:因此，当我想更好地理解一个单词的意思时，她坚持让我阅读单语词典中的定义。
29．答案： C
解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意:我渐渐明白了她的意思。
30．答案： A
解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意:当我阅读这些定义时，我反复接触基本词汇，学习它们如何解释物体和思想。
31．答案： D
解析： 考查介词短语辨析。句意:正因为如此，我可以更容易地用英语表达自己。
32．答案： linking; how; a; has limited; hardest; exceptionally; to recover; investment; who/that; tourists
解析： ①考查非谓语动词。句意:青海省久治县至四川省马尔康市高速公路的建设者们知道在该地区修建一条公路有多复杂。本空作后置定语，修饰名词the expressway，因动词link与其之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故填linking。
②考查名词性从句。此处是宾语从句，作know 的宾语，空处表程度，意为"多么"，故填连接副词how。
③考查冠词。at a height of是固定短语，意为"在……的高度"，故填不定冠词a。
④考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:自2020年开始施工以来，这种极端气候将工程限制在每年大约六个月。结合时间状语从句Since the construction began in 2020可知，时态应用现在完成时，且主语this extreme climate为单数，故填has limited。
⑤考查形容词最高级。句意:最困难的路段是5.5公里长的神座隧道，它要穿过不牢固的节理岩体和异常复杂的土地条件。分析句意可知，这里应是用形容词最高级作定语，故填hardest。
⑥考查副词。作状语，修饰形容词complicated，故填副词exceptionally。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意:她花了一个多月的时间才从呕吐和呼吸困难中恢复过来。此处是固定句型"It takes sb.+时间+to do sth."，意为"花费某人多少时间做某事"，其中It为形式主语，后面的动词不定式为真正的主语，故填to recover.
⑧考查名词。被不定冠词an修饰，用名词，表"投资"，故填名词investment。
⑨考查定语从句关系代词。此处是一个限制性定语从句，先行词是those people，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who 或that 来引导。
⑩考查名词复数。句意:当地政府为被这条新道路吸引的潜在游客们安排了一块12平方公里的区域。tourist 意为"游客"，是可数名词，结合语境可知，此处有复数含义，故填tourists。
33．答案： Dear John，
Having received your congratulations on my winning first prize in the activity"Chinese Stories Retold in English"，I'm writing to express my heartfelt thanks for your concern and introduce the story- Chinese Silk.
Dating back to the Western Zhou period， Chinese silk has a long history of over 3，000 years. Legend has it that Leizu， the wife of the Yellow Emperor，discovered the silk-making process. There was an ancient trade and communication route called"the Silk Road"，promoting the exchange of ideas and goods between China and other civilizations. Soft and elegant，Chinese silk has a significant economic impact and plays a crucial role in cultural exchanges.
The activity has not only deepened my understanding of Chinese culture，but also strengthened my courage to speak English. I hope you can come to China to experience our culture.
Yours，
Li Hua
解析：
34．答案：
Thinking of being beaten by an elderly man， I moved on. As I said， I was young and proud， and this little setback didn't matter much to me. So， I was determined to finish it. The elderly man was running ahead of me， but I could still see him in the distance. I tried to catch up with him， but no matter how hard I tried， I wasn't getting any closer. I would not give in. Soon， I was running at a good pace with my second wind， but the elderly man still stayed just out of my reach.
He crossed the finish line ahead of me and I was soon to follow. I never had such mixed emotions. I was proud of finishing the marathon， but I was angry with myself for being beaten by the elderly man. It was only later on that I realized how much I admired him. I'll never forget the man who encouraged me when I was about to give up. Some day I hope to be like him， running marathons in my 70s and passing all those first-times as they struggle to finish. I'll make sure to give them encouragement.
解析：
学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
Now， Earth Day is celebrated around the world. We still face many challenges， such as climate change， plastic pollution， and deforestation. But we can all make a difference.
Her Trees Save Lives
Adeline Tiffanie Suwana was 12 when her family's home flooded. Indonesia， her island nation， is often hit hard by floods and other natural disasters. Adeline learned that mangrove trees play a key role in flood protection and rallied classmates to plant 200 trees during a school break. They started a group called Sahabat Alam or Friends of Nature， which works to conserve the region's biodiversity and combat climate change.
Today， Adeline attends university， studying how businesses can help the environment.
Teens’ Two-Fold Invention
EPS—expanded polystyrene foam—is the white， lightweight stuff used to make things like takeout food containers， foam egg cartons， and packing "peanuts". But it takes up a lot of space and is difficult to recycle. EPS breaks into small pieces as it floats down waterways into oceans， harming wildlife along the way.
Eighth-graders Julia Bray， Luke Clay， and Ashton Cofer looked at EPS's chemical makeup and saw that it was mostly carbon. That sparked an idea. Could they turn it into activated carbon， a material that filters toxins from water？
After 50 hours of experiments， including one that accidentally set the family grill on fire， they succeeded！
Solar for Her School
When Claire Vlases of Montana was in seventh grade， she learned about plans to expand and modernize her middle school. Claire asked the schoolboard to add solar panels to the project. The board liked the idea but said it could contribute just$ 25，000， one-fifth of the cost. So Claire organized a group of kids and adults who set to work raising the rest.
They asked for donations， even going door-to-door for them. And they appealed to charitable foundations too. One even donated half the cost！
After two years of hard work， the group paid for the solar panels， which now supply one-fourth of the school's electricity needs.
1．What do the three groups of teenagers have in common？
A.They are Earth-helping heroes.
B.They are from island countries.
C.They are keen on experiments.
D.They are high school students.
2．How much did one of the charitable organizations donate for solar panels？
A.$ 25 ，000
B.$ 5 ，000.
C.$ 62，500.
D.$ 125， 000.
3．What is the purpose of the text？
A.To give models for colorful school activities.
B.To explore the ways to deal with plastic pollution.
C.To inspire people to act for environmental problems.
D.To display the amazing power of effective cooperation.
My son just， turned 14 and does not have a smartphone. When he graduated from Grade 8， he was the only kid in his class without one. He asks for a phone now that he’s going to high school. I say no， he asks why， I explain， and he pushes back.
"You can choose to do things differently when you're a parent， "I told him. But sometimes，I wonder if I’m being too stubborn or unfair.
The more I research，the more confident I feel about my decision. Many studies link the current mental health crisis among adolescents to fundamental changes in how they socialize， namely， the shift from in-person to online interaction.
But other mothers challenge my view. "He must feel so left out！" Then there are the parents who tell me sadly that they wish they had delayed their teenager's phone ownership longer than they did. They urge me to hold out.
If teenagers between the ages of 13 and 18 are truly spending an average of 8 hours 39 minutes per day on their devices， as stated in a survey conducted by Common Sense Media， then what are they not doing？ Kids absorbed in their devices are missing out on real life， and that strikes me as really sad.
I want my son to have a childhood he feels satisfied with and proud of. I want it to be full of adventures， imaginative play and physical challenges which he must sort himself out without asking me for help. The easiest and simplest way to achieve these goals is to delay giving him a smartphone.
Some think my son is missing out or falling behind， but he is not. He does well in school and extra-curricular activities，hangs out with his friends in person， and moves independently around our small town. He promises he'll give his own 14-year-old a phone someday， and I tell him that's fine. But recently， he admitted that he missed the beautiful scenery on a drive to a nearby mountain because he had been so absorbed in his friend's iPad. If that is his version of admitting I'm right， I‘ll take it.
4． What is the author primarily concerned about regarding giving her son a phone？
A.Her son's online safety.
B.Her son's mental growth.
C.Her son's reduced physical activities.
D.Her son's poor academic performance.
5．What quality does the author want her son to develop in his childhood？
A.Leadership.
B.Team spirit.
C.Independence.
D.Critical thinking.
6． What can be learned about the author's son？
A.He is falling behind academically.
B.He is easily influenced by his friends.
C.He has given up his desire for a smartphone.
D.He has realized the problems of much screen time.
7． How does the author feel about her decision not to give her son a phone？
A.Regretful.
B.Hesitant.
C.Justified.
D.Guilty.
When you eagerly dig into a long-awaited dinner, it's traditionally believed that signals from your stomach to your brain stop you eating so much. However, a research team recently discovered that it's our sense of taste that immediately pulls us back from eating food overly on a hungry day. Stimulated by the perception of flavor，a set of brain cells becomes active to quickly curtail food intake.
Previous studies have suggested that the food taste may control how fast we eat， but it's been impossible to study relevant brain activities during eating because brain cells that control this process are located deep in our brains， making them hard to access or record in an awake animal. New techniques developed by the team allowed for the first-ever imaging and recording of a brainstem structure critical for feeling full， called NTS， in an active mouse.
The new study found that when researchers put food directly into the mouse's stomach， brain cells called PRLH were activated by signals from the gut（消化道）， in line with traditional thinking. However， when they allowed the mouse to eat the food as it normally would， those signals from the gut didn't show up. Instead， the PRLH brain cells switched to a new activity pattern that was entirely controlled by signals from the mouth. "It's astonishing that these cells were activated by the perception of taste，" said researchers. "It shows that there are other components of the appetite-control system that deserve our attention."
The PRLH-activated slowdown also makes sense in terms of timing. The taste of food allows PRLH to switch their activity in seconds. In contrast， another group of brain cells， called CGC， takes several minutes to respond to signals from the gut. The good thing is that CGC can hold back hunger for a much longer time. These two sets of brain cells interact to work together: one uses taste to slow down eating， while the other signals that you are full.
Understanding how body signals regulate appetite could improve weight-loss programs for the overweight by making use of interactions between signals from different brain cell sets.
8．What does the underlined word" curtail" in paragraph 1 probably mean？
A.Limit.
B.Assist.
C.Expand
D.Activate
9．What is the limitation of previous studies according to paragraph 2？
A.Unqualified professionals.
B.Inadequate technologies.
C.Improper methods.
D.Insufficient funds.
10．What did the new study find about PRLH brain cells when the mouse normally ate？
A.They helped stimulate the mouse's appetite.
B.They were controlled by signals from the stomach.
C.They were activated by signals from the mouth.
D.They encouraged the mouse to speed up eating.
11．What is the function of CGC brain cells？
A.To slow down eating speed.
B.To improve the digestion system.
C.To extend the feeling of fullness.
D.To interact with signals from taste.
Want to know what is coming soon to a cinema near you Probably not a 1. 5-hour-long movie, as in the old days. On October 20th comes Killers of the Flower Moon. At nearly three and a half hours, its length is nearly double that of the average film last year. Even movie fans struggle to concentrate for that long and some viewers even nod off. Afterwards there is a mad dash for the toilets. When does watching a film become such a slog
The Economist analyzed over 100， 000 feature films released internationally since the 1930s， the start of Hollywood's golden age， using data from IMDb， a movie database. The average length of productions rose by around 24%， from one hour and 21 minutes in the 1930s to one hour and 47 minutes in 2022. For the ten most-popular titles， the average length grew to around two and a half hours in 2022， nearly 50% higher than in the 1930s.
One driver of this trend is that studios want to squeeze the most out of their costly intellectual property （知识产权） ， but they are competing with streaming platforms for eyeballs. The hope is that a spectacular， drawn-out "event" movie will draw audiences away from the small screen and into cinemas. This approach has often paid off: Avengers: Endgame Marvel's three-hour superhero masterpieces， was the highest-grossing （票房最高的） film in 2019. Last year long movies series made up most of the highest-grossing films in America.
Another explanation for longer films has to do with directors' growing influence. Who would dare tell the likes of Mr. Nolan to cut out his masterpieces？ Moreover， streaming platforms， which do not have to worry as much about the length because viewers can pause whenever they like， may attract big names by promising them sufficient fund and creative flix funded and released three-hour The Irishman in 2019， a film that would have benefited from a decisive editor， Irish or otherwise.
12．The underlined part "a slog" in paragraph 1 refers to a （n） ___.
A.pleasure
B.effort
C.conflict
D.feast
13．What can be inferred from paragraph 2？
A.The average length affects the popularity of films.
B.Great advances have been made in film industry.
C.Hollywood starts a golden age of feature films.
D.The average duration of movies has stretched.
14．What sets the trend of longer movies？
A.Competition for the target audience.
B.Thirst for more classic productions.
C.Influence of streaming platforms.
D.Preference for decisive editors.
15．What is probably the best title for the passage？
A.Movie Enthusiasts
B.Movie Marathons
C.Movie Production
D.Movie Influence
二、七选五
16．
How hardships make you stronger
Past hardships can help you carry on in the face of current stress. People who experienced a medium level of hardship reported better mental health and higher life satisfaction over time compared to both those who reported a high history of hardship and those with no history of hardship. ①
They can bring growth after sufferings. We may find it difficult to believe the suffering experiences will eventually lead to some type of growth. ② Post-traumatic(创伤后的)growth is the experience of positive change after going through a significantly stressful event. Researchers have discovered two common themes that people tend to report after experiencing a stressful event: spiritual growth and improved personal strength.
They build self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is the belief or the confidence in your ability to overcome difficulties and succeed. ③ . First, pick an area of confidence or a skill you want to develop. The best way to improve that skill is to learn by doing. If you want to improve your public speaking skills and ability, then you need to practice speaking in public.④ Back to the public speaking example, you could watch video clips of great speakers on some social media platforms and take notes on how they tell stories or use humor. Lastly, you can improve by being coached by a credible and respected source. Meanwhile , you could turn to people for help who can give you feedback as you work toward your goals.
They help you transform stress into a challenge. How you think about stress matters enormously in terms of how you process it.⑤ , while others are able to see it as a challenge. With a challenge response, you get additional energy. In fact, people who are able to think about stress more like a challenge and less like a threat report less depression and anxiety, higher levels of energy, work performance and life satisfaction.
A. Some people view stress as a threat
B. It's developed in three specific ways
C. The next best way to improve is to learn by observing others
D. The fact is that we can get the ability to become stronger after a difficult situation
E. That is because past struggles can help you become stronger in the following ways
F. The past struggles against hardships， even small ones， can help you step out of the trouble
G. Your world feels out of control right now and your stress levels are at an all-time high you face
三、完形填空（15空）
When I first entered university, my aunt, who is an English professor, gave me a new English dictionary. I was 1 to see that it was an English-English dictionary, also known as a monolingual(单语的) dictionary. 2 it was a dictionary intended for non-native learners, none of my classmates had one and , to be honest, I found it extremely 3 to use at first. I would look up words in the dictionary and 4 not fully understand the meanings. I was used to the familiar bilingual(涉及两种语言的）dictionaries, in which the word are 5 both in English and Chinese. I really wondered why my aunt 6 to make things so difficult for me. Now, after studying English at university for three years, I 7 that monolingual dictionaries are 8 in learning a foreign language.
As I found out, there is,in fact, often no perfect equivalence(对应) between two 9 in two languages. My aunt even goes so far as to declare that a Chinese "equivalent" can never give you the 10 meaning of a word in English! 11 , she insisted that I read the definition(定义)of a word in a monolingual dictionary 12 I wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning. 13 , I have come to see what she meant.
Using a monolingual dictionary for learners has helped me in another important way. This dictionary uses a limited number of words, around 2,000, in its definitions. When I read these definitions, I am 14 exposed to(接触)the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas. 15 this, I can express myself more easily in English.
17．
A.worried
B.sad
C.surprised
D.nervous
18．
A.Because
B.Although
C.Unless
D.If
19．
A.difficult
B.interesting
C.ambiguous
D.practical
20．
A.thus
B.even
C.still
D.again
21．
A.explained
B.expressed
C.described
D.created
22．
A.offered
B.agreed
C.decided
D.happened
23．
A.imagine
B.recommend
C.predict
D.understand
24．
A.natural
B.better
C.easier
D.convenient
25．
A.words
B.names
C.ideas
D.characters
26．
A.exact
B.basic
C.translated
D.expected
27．
A.Rather
B.However
C.Therefore
D.Instead
28．
A.when
B.before
C.until
D.unless
29．
A.Largely
B.Generally
C.Gradually
D.Probably
30．
A.repeatedly
B.nearly
C.immediately
D.anxiously
31．
A.According to
B.In relation to
C.In addition to
D.Because of
四、短文填空
32．
During the Tang Dynasty, poet Li Bai wrote a poem about the tough journey to Shu, comparing it to scaling the vast blue sky. The Shu Roads are named after the ancient state of Shu. The builders of the expressway ① (link) Jiuzhi County in Qinghai Province to Barkam City in Sichuan Province know ② complex it is to build a road in the region.
Extending for 219 kilometers, the expressway lies at ③ height of over 3,300 metres. This means that the annual average temperature is just 1.4 C, and can drop as low as -36 C. Since the construction began in
2020, this extreme climate ④ (limit) work to roughly six months a year. The ⑤ (hard) section was the 5.5-km Shenzuo tunnel, running through weak and jointed rock masses and ⑥ (exceptional) complicated land conditions. Ma Kelin, the only female project manager, has learned a tough lesson since she joined the project. It took her over a month ⑦ (recover) from vomiting(呕吐) and breathlessness.
The expressway, with an ⑧ (invest) of 30.2 billion yuan, will be open to traffic by the end of next year. Many of those people ⑨ live along its length are waiting, expecting it to contribute to economic development. The local authority plans an area of 12 square kilometers for potential ⑩ (tourist) attracted by the new road.
五、书面表达
33．
假如你是李华，你在你校举办的"用英语讲好中国故事"活动中获得了一等奖。你的英国笔友John 发来邮件向你表示祝贺并想了解你讲的故事，请你给他写一封回信，内容包括:
1.感谢祝贺;
2.故事概况;
3.参加活动的感受
注意:
1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数;
3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
参考词汇:用英语讲好中国故事 Chinese Stories Retold in English
Dear John，
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Hua
六、读后续写
34．
It was my first long race-marathon. The wind and the rain chilled（使很冷） me to the bone and the sun was yet out to warm up the air. The starting gun would go off any second. I was ready. I was 28 and in the best shape of my life. At least， I thought I was. I ran all the time and had already run several races， But none of them was 26.2 miles. The farthest I had run before was only 15 miles. Still， I was young and overconfident and I knew I could do it.
The gun went off and the race started. I was excited and the weather became the furthest thing from my mind. I just concentrated on holding my own position among the other runners. I had no real finishing goal in mind， but when I settled into my pace， I soon worked out that I could easily break 4 hours.
Within a few miles， I ran past an elderly runner. He must have been over 70 years old and I was surprised he was even in the race. I was even more surprised that he was still ahead of me. He kept to the side of the road， his old legs moving one in front of the other， slowly but stably. I passed him without giving him a second glance or a word of encouragement.
I kept moving. 15 miles came and I was on pace to beat 4 hours. Then something strange happened. I started to get tired. My goal of 4 hours soon got pushed back to 4:10. Then 4:20.Finally， at about the 20-mile mark， I couldn't run any more. I had to walk.
I moved to the side of the road and with difficulty I walked along. I needed a second wind， but it wasn't coming. The rain was back. There was nothing I could do about it but concentrate on putting one foot in front of the other.
Then the elderly man passed me. He looked the same as he had earlier， running at the same speed. As he passed， he looked over at me and smiled， "Only a few more miles to go. Don't give up now！"
注意:
1.续写词数应为150个左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Thinking of being beaten by an elderly man， I moved on.
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He crossed the finish line ahead of me and I was soon to follow.
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参考答案
1．答案： A
解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段以及下文可知，文章主要介绍一些学生形成组织为保护地球做出的事迹。所以本文中的青少年都是保护地球的英雄。故选A项。
2．答案： C
解析： 细节理解题。根据Solar for Her School 部分第一段第三句可知，董事会喜欢这个想法，但表示只能出资25000美元，即费用的五分之一。故总费用是25000x5=125000。再根据本部分的第二段最后一句可知，其中一个慈善基金会甚至捐了一半的费用。故慈善基金会捐赠了125000÷2=62500。故选C项。
3．答案： C
解析： 推理判断题。文章通过三个不同的故事展示了个人如何通过具体的行动对环境造成积极影响。首先，Adeline Tiffanie Suwana通过召集同学建立组织种植红树林来减少洪水的影响，展示了年轻人如何参与自然保护和应对气候变化。接着，三名八年级学生通过将聚苯乙烯泡沫转化为活性碳来解决塑料污染问题，展示了创新思维在解决环境问题中的重要性。最后，ClaireVlases通过组织筹款活动为学校安装太阳能电池板，显示了社区合作对于实现可持续能源目标的力量。这些故事都强调了个人和小团体如何通过具体行动解决环境问题，激励人们为环境问题采取行动。故选C项。
4．答案： B
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，许多研究将当前青少年的心理健康危机与他们社交方式的根本变化联系起来，即从面对面互动转向在线互动。故关于给儿子一部智能手机，作者主要担心的是孩子的心理发育问题。故选B项。
5．答案： C
解析： 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段第二句可知，作者希望儿子的童年充满冒险、想象力的游戏，以及必须自己解决而不需要作者帮助的身体挑战。由此可推断作者想让她儿子在童年时发展其独立自主能力。故选C项。
6．答案： D
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知，作者的儿子最近承认在去附近山区的驾车路程中错过了美丽的风景，因为他过于沉迷于朋友的iPad。这表明他已经意识到长时间沉迷屏幕的问题。故选D项。
7．答案： C
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知，作者对这个问题研究得越多，对这一决定就越有把握。再根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，实现这些目标最简单的方法是推迟给他手机。最后根据最后一段最后一句可知，如果这就是他承认我（推迟给他手机）是正确的，那么我接受。这表明作者认为她的决定是有正当理由的。故选C项。
8．答案： A
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的上文可知，研究团队发现，在饥饿时，我们的味觉会立即把我们从过度进食中拉回来。故可猜测画线词所在句是讲一组脑细胞在味觉刺激下会变得活跃起来以迅速减少食物摄入量。故画线词的意思与A项"限制"最为接近。
9．答案： B
解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句可知，之前的研究表明，食物的味道可能会控制我们进食的速度，但由于控制这一过程的脑细胞位于大脑深处，很难在清醒的动物身上获得或记录它们，因此无法研究进食过程中的相关大脑活动。故可推知之前研究的限制因素是技术的欠缺。
10．答案： C
解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段二、三句可知，当研究人员让老鼠像平常一样吃东西时，来自消化道的信号没有出现。相反PRLH脑细胞切换到一个全新的活动模式，这模式完全由来自口腔的信号控制。这表明，PRLH脑细胞在老鼠正常进食时被来自口腔的信号所激活。
11．答案： C
解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第四段第三句可知，好消息是CGC可以在更长的时间内抑制饥饿。故CGC脑细胞可以延长饱腹感。
12．答案： B
解析： 猜测词义题。从第一段"Even moviefans struggle to concentrate for that long and some viewers even nod off. Afterwards there is a mad dash for the toilets."可知，即使爱好看电影的人都很困难集中这么久的注意力，有些观众甚至睡着了。看完电影后，众人都疯狂冲向厕所， 所以最后一句发问:什么时候看个电影都变得如此辛苦？
13．答案： D
解析： 推理判断题。第二段列举的数据是经济学家分析了自从1930年以来的100000部电影，平均时长上升了24%，从最初的1小时21分钟到1小时47分钟，甚至最受欢迎的10部电影里，最长时长达到了2.5小时。所以这些数据说明"电影的平均时长一直在延长"。
14．答案： A
解析： 细节理解题。从第三段和第四段的段首句可知，电影变长的驱动力一方面是因为"特许经营权"，让电影公司要跟流媒体平台竞争，吸引观众眼球，另一方面是"导演们不断增长的影响力"。
15．答案： B
解析： 主旨大意题。本文主要讲了电影时长在增加的现象。
16．答案： E; D; B; C; A
解析： ①考查段尾句。空前句讲与那些说经历过重重困难和没有经历困难的人相比，经历过中等程度困难的人说，随着时间的推移，他们的心理健康状况更好，生活满意度更高。E项"那是因为过去的苦难可以通过以下方式帮助你变得更坚强"承接上文，解释其原因，同时引出下文困难帮助人们变得更坚强的几种方式，符合语境。
②考查段中句。空前句讲我们可能很难相信痛苦的经历最终会导致某种类型的成长，空后句讲创伤后成长是指经历重大压力事件后积极改变的经历。D项"事实是，我们可以在经历困难之后获得变得更坚强的能力"与上文构成转折关系，同时承接下文，符合语境。
③考查段中句。空前句讲自我效能是对自己克服困难并取得成功的能力的信念或信心，即具体解释了自我效能的含义。空后从三个方面具体介绍了如何发展自我效能。B项"它以三种具体方式发展"引出空后罗列的内容，且其中的it指代的就是空前句中的Self-efficacy。
④考查段中句。空前讲提高这项技能的最佳方法就是边做边学。如果你想提高你的公共演讲技巧和能力，那么你需要在公共场合练习演讲。空后句讲回到公共演讲的例子，你可以在一些社交媒体平台上观看优秀演讲者的视频片段，并记下他们是如何讲故事或使用幽默的。C项"提高（这项技能）的下一个最佳方法是通过观察他人来学习"与空前所讲的"最佳方法"相呼应，且空后所举例子是对C项的具体阐述，C项与空前后衔接紧密，符合语境。
⑤考查段中句。空前句讲你如何看待压力对于你如何处理压力非常重要。空后句讲然而其他人把这视作挑战。A项"有些人将压力视为威胁"进一步谈论如何看待压力，且与下文构成对比关系，符合语境。
17．答案： C
解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我惊讶地发现这是一本英英词典，也被称为单语词典。
18．答案： B
解析： 考查连词词义辨析。句意:虽然这本词典是为非母语学习者准备的，但我的同学都没有，而且说实话，刚开始我发现它很难用。
19．答案： A
解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:虽然这本词典是为非母语学习者准备的，但我的同学都没有，而且说实话，刚开始我发现它很难用。
20．答案： C
解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意:我会去查字典，但还是不完全理解意思。
21．答案： A
解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意:我习惯了熟悉的双语词典，其中的单词是用英语和汉语解释的。
22．答案： C
解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意:我真不明白我阿姨为什么决定要为难我。
23．答案： D
解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意:现在，在大学学习了三年英语之后，我知道单语词典在学习外语方面更好。
24．答案： B
解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:现在，在大学学习了三年英语之后，我知道单语词典在学习外语方面更好。
25．答案： A
解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意:我发现，事实上，在两种语言中，两个词之间往往没有完全对等的。
26．答案： A
解析： 考查形容词动词词义辨析。句意:我的阿姨甚至宣称，一个中文的"对等词"永远不能给你一个英文单词的确切意思！
27．答案： C
解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意:因此，当我想更好地理解一个单词的意思时，她坚持让我阅读单语词典中的定义。
28．答案： A
解析： 考查从属连词词义辨析。句意:因此，当我想更好地理解一个单词的意思时，她坚持让我阅读单语词典中的定义。
29．答案： C
解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意:我渐渐明白了她的意思。
30．答案： A
解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意:当我阅读这些定义时，我反复接触基本词汇，学习它们如何解释物体和思想。
31．答案： D
解析： 考查介词短语辨析。句意:正因为如此，我可以更容易地用英语表达自己。
32．答案： linking; how; a; has limited; hardest; exceptionally; to recover; investment; who/that; tourists
解析： ①考查非谓语动词。句意:青海省久治县至四川省马尔康市高速公路的建设者们知道在该地区修建一条公路有多复杂。本空作后置定语，修饰名词the expressway，因动词link与其之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故填linking。
②考查名词性从句。此处是宾语从句，作know 的宾语，空处表程度，意为"多么"，故填连接副词how。
③考查冠词。at a height of是固定短语，意为"在……的高度"，故填不定冠词a。
④考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:自2020年开始施工以来，这种极端气候将工程限制在每年大约六个月。结合时间状语从句Since the construction began in 2020可知，时态应用现在完成时，且主语this extreme climate为单数，故填has limited。
⑤考查形容词最高级。句意:最困难的路段是5.5公里长的神座隧道，它要穿过不牢固的节理岩体和异常复杂的土地条件。分析句意可知，这里应是用形容词最高级作定语，故填hardest。
⑥考查副词。作状语，修饰形容词complicated，故填副词exceptionally。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意:她花了一个多月的时间才从呕吐和呼吸困难中恢复过来。此处是固定句型"It takes sb.+时间+to do sth."，意为"花费某人多少时间做某事"，其中It为形式主语，后面的动词不定式为真正的主语，故填to recover.
⑧考查名词。被不定冠词an修饰，用名词，表"投资"，故填名词investment。
⑨考查定语从句关系代词。此处是一个限制性定语从句，先行词是those people，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who 或that 来引导。
⑩考查名词复数。句意:当地政府为被这条新道路吸引的潜在游客们安排了一块12平方公里的区域。tourist 意为"游客"，是可数名词，结合语境可知，此处有复数含义，故填tourists。
33．答案： Dear John，
Having received your congratulations on my winning first prize in the activity"Chinese Stories Retold in English"，I'm writing to express my heartfelt thanks for your concern and introduce the story- Chinese Silk.
Dating back to the Western Zhou period， Chinese silk has a long history of over 3，000 years. Legend has it that Leizu， the wife of the Yellow Emperor，discovered the silk-making process. There was an ancient trade and communication route called"the Silk Road"，promoting the exchange of ideas and goods between China and other civilizations. Soft and elegant，Chinese silk has a significant economic impact and plays a crucial role in cultural exchanges.
The activity has not only deepened my understanding of Chinese culture，but also strengthened my courage to speak English. I hope you can come to China to experience our culture.
Yours，
Li Hua
解析：
34．答案：
Thinking of being beaten by an elderly man， I moved on. As I said， I was young and proud， and this little setback didn't matter much to me. So， I was determined to finish it. The elderly man was running ahead of me， but I could still see him in the distance. I tried to catch up with him， but no matter how hard I tried， I wasn't getting any closer. I would not give in. Soon， I was running at a good pace with my second wind， but the elderly man still stayed just out of my reach.
He crossed the finish line ahead of me and I was soon to follow. I never had such mixed emotions. I was proud of finishing the marathon， but I was angry with myself for being beaten by the elderly man. It was only later on that I realized how much I admired him. I'll never forget the man who encouraged me when I was about to give up. Some day I hope to be like him， running marathons in my 70s and passing all those first-times as they struggle to finish. I'll make sure to give them encouragement.
解析：
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