湖南省临澧县第一中学2025届高三上学期第二次阶段考试英语试卷(含解析)
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湖南省临澧县第一中学2025届高三上学期第二次阶段考试英语试卷
学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
If you haven’t given much thought lately to smallpox （天花）， polio （脊髓灰炎） or diphtheria （白喉） that’s because these once- dangerous diseases either have been wiped out or are now well controlled， thanks to the success of earlier vaccination programs.
While some vaccines are given in childhood and confer （赋予） protection for life others must be repeated into adulthood . The virus that causes measles （麻疹）， for instance， "is a very stable virus， it doesn’t change." That means a childhood measles vaccine provides lifelong protection. Flu and COVID viruses， on the other hand， mutate （变异） frequently， so the vaccines need to be updated and repeated.
Here are the CDC’s vaccine recommendations for adults age 19 and older. （Note: Consult your doctor before getting vaccinated.）
Flu: One dose annually.
COVID-19: Boosters as they become available.
Tdap: A booster every 10 years (also with each pregnancy, or for wound management).
MR: One to two doses for those born in 1957 or later who have not been fully immunized.
Varicella (chickenpox): Two doses for unvaccinated adults who have never had chickenpox.
MZoster (shingles): Two doses for adults age 50 and older.
HPV: Two to three doses before age 26 (or before age 45, depending on your doctor’s recommendation).
Pneumococcal: For all adults overage 65, one dose PCV15 followed by PPSV23 or one dosePCV20.
Hepatitis A: People with certain medical conditions or those traveling overseas may require two to three doses, depending on the vaccine.
Hepatitis B: Two to four doses for all adults, depending on the vaccine.
Meningococcal: Recommended for previously unvaccinated adults who are in college or the military, or have a compromised immune system.
1．The passage is meant for ______.
A.babies aged 1 to 5
B.kids aged 6 to 12
C.teenagers aged 13-18
D.adults aged over 18
2．Which of the following vaccines is likely to require the most doses in one’s life？
A.Flu.
B.Tdap.
C.HPV.
D.Hepatitis B.
3．On what kind of website will you probably find this article？
A.Entertainment.
B.Technology.
C.Health.
D.Opinion.
Joseph Dituri hasn’t seen the sun for two fortnights. And he won’t see it again for months. Since March 1st， the professor has been underwater， with the goal of spending 100 days there-for science. If successful， he will break the current world record for time spent living underwater， which was set by two Tennessee biologists in 2014 when they stayed beneath the surface for 73 days.
Dituri， who has been nicknamed "Dr. Deep Sea"， is living in Jules’ Undersea Lodge （小屋） in Key Largo， Florida-the same underwater venue where the previous record was set. The 100-square-foot hotel， which sits 30 feet below the surface， is his temporary home， where he is carrying out research and giving virtual lectures for his students at the University of South Florida.
"The human body has never been underwater that long， so I will be monitored closely，" Dituri said. "This study will examine every way this journey impacts my body， but my hypothesis （假设） is that there will be improvements to my health due to the increased pressure." This hypothesis comes from a study that indicated potentially positive effects of pressure exposure on cell growth and vitality （活力）， and Dituri hopes that his underwater experience could reveal ways to combat age-related diseases and lengthen lifespan.
As part of his research， Dituri is investigating the effects of living in a high-pressure environment for an extended period. To keep water from entering the lodge， air must constantly be pumped into the space to create a pressure about 1.6 times higher than that of the Earth’s surface. Therefore， it can’t be achieved in his own right.
Before the journey， Dituri had undergone psychosocial， psychological and medical tests. He continues to undergo testing during and after his 100 days at the lodge. "The mental health part of this is important， because I’m in an isolated and limited environment，" he said.
Beyond research， the project is also a chance to cultivate children’s enthusiasm for exploring the science field. Dituri invites about 40 children to stay with him for 24 hours at a time and teach them to dive. To him， this outreach is what makes the whole project worth it-more than the chance for a world record.
4．What do we know about Dituri’s experiment from the text？
A.It is scheduled to end on July 9th.
B.It has been on for nearly a month.
C.Its aim is just to break the world record.
D.It is conducted where two Tennessce biologists settled.
5．What is Dituri’s attitude toward the impact the increased pressure has on health？
A.Doubtful.
B.Cautious.
C.Hopeful.
D.Unclear.
6．Which scene possibly happens in the course of Dituri’s living underwater？
A.He pumps the air into the lodge.
B.He instructs invited children to dive.
C.He analyzes his own psychosocial tests.
D.He experiments in a spacious lodge.
7．Why does Dituri invite children to experience the underwater life？
A.To arouse their eagerness for science.
B.To ease his loneliness and isolation.
C.To set a world record at full stretch.
D.To prove the value of his experience.
Vast stretches of America are dominated by corn， nearly 100m acres of it， stretching from Ohio to the Dakotas. What once was forest or open prairie （大草原） today produces the corn that feeds people， cattle and， when made into ethanol （乙醇）， cars.
Now, the nation’s airlines want to power their planes with corn, too. Their ambitious goal would likely require nearly doubling ethanol production, which airlines say would slash their greenhouse gas emissions. If they succeed, it could transform America’s Corn Belt yet again, boosting farmers and ethanol producers alike, but also potentially further damaging one of the nation’s most important resources: groundwater.
Corn is a water-intensive crop and it can take hundreds of gallons to produce a single gallon of ethanol. But as airlines embrace the idea of ethanol， prompting lobbyists （游说者） for ethanol makers and corn growers alike to push for clean-energy tax credits in Washington， vital aquifers （地下水层） face serious risks. "We’re on track to massively increase water usage without any real sense of how sensitive our aquifers are， " said Jeffrey Broberg， who is concerned about groundwater in Minnesota. a major corn state， where he is a water-use consultant and founder of the Minnesota Well Owners Organization.
United Airlines this veal signed a deal with a Nebraska ethanol company to buy enough sustainable aviation fuel as the biofuel is known， to power 50， 000 flights a year. In August， Delta announced a plan to create a sustainable fuel hub（中心） in Minnesota. The Biden administration could decide on its tax incentives （激励） for the industry as soon as December. "Mark my words， the next 20 years， farmers are going to provide 95% of all the sustainable airline fuel， ’’President Biden said in July.
This year a New York Times data investigation found that groundwater is being dangerously exhausted nationwide， largely by agricultural overuse. As climate change makes rainfall less reliable and intensifies droughts， rising demand for ethanol could put even more pressure on America’s fragile aquifers to be used for irrigation.
8．What does the underlined word "slash" mean in paragraph 2？
A.Increase.
B.Decrease.
C.Maintain.
D.Transform.
9．What is the potential risk of the increased use of ethanol in aviation fuel？
A.Decreased water usage.
B.Increased reliance on aquifers.
C.A boost in clean-energy tax credits.
D.Expansion of. corn production.
10．What can we learn from paragraph 4？
A.Farmers will double their ethanol production.
B.The sustainable aviation fuel will not gain popularity in the future.
C.Farmers will play a major part in the sustainable aviation fuel industry.
D.The Biden administration opposes the new aviation fuel to protect the aquifers.
11．What is the main idea of the text？
A.The Biden administration’s attitude to the corn and ethanol industry.
B.Using corn-based ethanol can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
C.Groundwater resources are being dangerously exhausted due to agricultural overuse.
D.Using corn-based ethanol in aviation may lead to increased groundwater exhaustion.
The impact of fast fashion on the environment is significant. Recently Zara， one of the largest fast-fashion retailers （零售商） in the world， put forth a concept that only sustainable fabrics are used in clothing production. But how can Zara ever be sustainable？ They produce around 450 million garments （衣服） a year and release 500 new designs a week， about 20，000 a year. Zara’s fast-fashion model has been so successful it has inspired an entire industry to follow them.
Clothing production doubled from 2012 to 2022. The average consumer bought 60 percent more clothing in 2022 than in 2012， but kept each garment half as long. And less than one percent of all clothing produced globally is recycled.
I spend a lot of time reading the corporate social responsibility reports of large brands and interviewing micro-to-small sized enterprises to see how they approach sustainability. The largest significant difference between them is culture.
Small brands focus on creating a culture of sustainability by using strategies like producing made-to-order， so they are not making more than what is sold. Most small brands are opting to work under， an "anti-fashion calendar". They choose not to follow the intense seasonal calendar that fashion functions under. They do this because waste is one of their biggest concerns. They also design clothing to be of the highest quality， ensuring durability and longevity， so you may keep it longer.
Fast fashion is a “grow or die” business, and the fast-fashion growth model used by all large companies is predicated on limitless growth. Large global corporate retailers are not seeking to change their fundamental business model or create cultures of sustainability. That would require re-working their entire business structure and ultimately hurt their bottom line.
I would start to believe Zara and other large fashion brands had good intentions to fight climate change if they started to look at how to move away from their continuous offerings of weekly new products. They need to introduce alternative sustainable business model practices. One small step could be to offer repair or tailoring services. Tailoring creates clothes that fit perfectly， subsequently increasing their emotional value， so that we love them and keep them longer.
12．What does the author intend to show with the numbers about Zara in paragraph 1？
A.Zara is not eco-friendly.
B.Zara is popular with consumers.
C.Zara is a large fast-fashion retailer.
D.Zara is a success in fashion industry.
13．Which of the following shows a cultural feature of small brands？
A.Designing clothing as needed.
B.Designing clothing seasonably.
C.Producing clothing as needed.
D.Producing clothing seasonably.
14．What does the underlined part "bottom line" in paragraph 5 relate to？
A.The fast-fashion retailers.
B.The profits from fast fashion.
C.The culture of sustainability.
D.The relationship with consumers.
15．What does the last paragraph focus on？
A.How to make consumers love their clothes.
B.How to make consumers buy less clothing.
C.How large fashion brands offer weekly new products.D How large fashion brands improve their services.
二、完形填空（15空）
I was lucky because I found my lifelong career early in life-creating something meaningful with imagination and knowledge. Wozniak and I started Apple in my parents’ garage when I was 20. In 10 1 Apple had grown into a two-billion-dollar company with a well-known electronic product launched. We’d just 2 our finest creation, the Macintosh, and I had just turned 30. Then I got fired. How can I get 3 from a company I started Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to 4 the company with me, and for the first year or so things went 5 . But then our visions of the future became 6 and eventually we had fallen out. When we had some words, our Board of Directors 7 him. And so at 30, I was out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, which was 8 . I really felt 9 for months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs (企业家) down-that I had dropped the baton (接力棒) as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to 10 for messing everything up. I was a public 11 , so I even thought about running away from the valley. But something 12 me: I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that a bit. Consequently, I decided to turn the tables. 13 as I was about my future then, it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a(n) 14 again. It freed me to enter one of the most 15 periods of my life.
16．
A.weeks
B.years
C.decades
D.months
17．
A.surveyed
B.updated
C.kept
D.released
18．
A.approved
B.promoted
C.challenged
D.dismissed
19．
A.establish
B.save
C.run
D.integrate
20．
A.well
B.slowly
C.wrong
D.unexpectedly
21．
A.unreasonable
B.identical
C.contradictory
D.conservative
22．
A.sided with
B.disagreed with
C.relied on
D.turned to
23．
A.destructive
B.demanding
C.invaluable
D.influential
24．
A.composed
B.curious
C.refreshed
D.self-conscious
25．
A.progress
B.apologize
C.compensate
D.answer
26．
A.success
B.director
C.failure
D.dealer
27．
A.struck
B.deserted
C.betrayed
D.escaped
28．
A.Particular
B.Uncertain
C.Regretful
D.Optimistic
29．
A.bench warmer
B.big cheese
C.old-timer
D.green hand
30．
A.inexperienced
B.creative
C.precise
D.permanent
三、短文填空
31．
You know the feeling--your ears start to warm up, your tongue goes numb (麻木的), and you start sweating and taking deep breaths. You’ve just eaten something spicy, knowing it would be painful, but you chose to do it anyway. Are humans just masochistic (自讨苦吃的), or is there something else going on ① .
Spicy isn’t actually a taste like salty, sweet, sour and bitter-- it’s a sensation. ② . When we eat foods containing capsaicin (辣椒素), our bodies are tricked into thinking the temperature is actually rising. In trying to temper the burning sensation, our bodies release endorphins (内啡肽) which control pain and, at the same time, give a feeling of pleasure---like painkillers.
This is what is happening chemically, but there is also a conscious side to choosing spicy food. Dr Tamara Rosenbaum, Cognitive Neuroscientist at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, explains in an interview with the BBC that this is ③ . Furthermore, we obtain pleasure from the other ingredients chilli is generally cooked and eaten with- including fat, sugar and salt. So-like skydiving-eating, chilli is a form of thrill-seeking, ④ .
This masochistic relationship with capsaicin started in the Andes of South America, where chilli peppers originate. Humans were one of the few mammals on Earth that developed a taste for capsaicin. As archaeological evidence suggests, they started cultivating chilli peppers about six thousand years ago. Human intervention changed the chilli pepper to suit human tastes and needs--including the pepper’s colour, size and capsaicin content-helping to explain the many different types of chilli peppers now available. ⑤ . We eat around 57. 3 million tons of peppers globally each year, and chilli is a key ingredient in traditional dishes from Mexico to Korea. Maybe we are masochistic after all.
A. It lies in both science and history
B. This is caused by a chemical compound called ‘capsaicin’
C. where we get pleasure from a seemingly negative sensation
D. It has something to do with human nature and body composition
E. why Chop Bell Pepper Fish Head enjoys great popularity among Hunanese
F. Fast-forward to today， and our love affair with the chilli pepper is going strong
G. because we know that the burning sensation of chilli does not physically harm us
32．
When we tell people that we opened a company that teaches people about traditional Chinese culture, and allows them to experience things like calligraphy, painting and tai chi, the ① (react) we often get is “Why You are British! You should teach British culture!” I would always say simply that I love traditional Chinese culture, and want to share that ② others.
When talking about traditional Chinese culture, we are referring to the language, philosophies, food, arts and crafts, and customs from thousands of years ago up to the 21st century, ③ have been passed down through the generations. And as anyone who has heard anything about China ④ (know), with a history of an estimated 5,000 years, that covers a lot of culture! Traditional culture is still ⑤ (high) popular in China, and the philosophies of thousands of years ago are still visible and influencing the culture today, even if not ⑥ (recognise) by name.
The culture of China, both modern and traditional, can appear quite different and at times even difficult ⑦ (understand), which often leads to misunderstanding. But the more you learn and understand, the ⑧ (well) you know about China. Of course, that means more than taking one calligraphy class ⑨ trying out tai chi one afternoon, but each experience you have brings you closer to answering any questions you have and ⑩ (close) the gap between your perception and reality.
四、书面表达
33．
假如你是李华，你和几位同学原定于本周末与外教 Mr. Morgan一起去市郊爬山，但由于发生了突发事件，你无法参加爬山活动。请用英文给摩根先生写一封电子邮件，表示歉意。
内容包括:
1.非常期待这次活动;
2.无法参加的原因;
3.向他表示歉意。
注意:写作字数应为80字左右。
Dear Mr. Morgan.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
五、读后续写
34．
Sometimes， having a faithful and good friend is the best thing that can ever happen to anyone’s life.
Ray grew up in the quiet and industrialized city of Buchncer. He was quieter than the city and was socially disconnected from other children of his age. He was often caught up in his thoughts watching the clouds outside the window. People thought that he was a loner or had some mental problems.
At school， he was nicknamed "The Lone Ranger". He didn’t mind what people said about him. He just minded his own business.
Time went by， and he still had no friend. His parents feared that he had an underlying problem， though he was doing very well academically. He was taken to psychologists， but there was nothing wrong with him.
During his high school days， a new boy came into their class. He had weird long hair that other student found to be funny. He looked so tired and his clothes were ragged and dirty. It seemed that he didn’t have enough money to buy himself a decent clothing. He was laughed and regularly made fun of. He was teased and due to his small body， he was bullied too.
It did not go well with Ray who felt that the new student， Ben， was being mistreated.
One day， as Ben was being abused， Ray ran to rescue him. Ray got the beating of his life. He was beaten until he was nose bleeding. Even though Ray and Ben were unable to defend them-selves， the unfortunate event marked the beginning of a new friendship.
They were always together and never felt lonely or incomplete in the company of each other. They were just normal boys who shared a deep friendship that many students of their age imagined or read in books. Two years passed by and the friendship was still going strong.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
One day， a fire broke out at the school.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
They walked out the building safe and sound.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．答案： D
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中:以下是疾病控制与预防中心对19岁及以上成年人的疫苗建议，可知，这篇文章是为18岁以上的成年人准备的。故选D项。
2．答案： A
解析： 细节理解题。根据文中:流感:每年一剂、百白破:每10年注射一次（也适用于每次怀孕或伤口处理）、HPV:在26岁之前（或在45岁之前，取决于你的医生的建议）注射两到三剂和田型肝炎:患有某些疾病的人或出国旅行的人可能需要接种两到三剂疫苗，具体取决于疫苗的种类，可知，Flu疫苗需要每年接种一剂，Tdap疫苗每10年接种一次加强剂，HPV疫苗在26岁之前接种两到三剂，HepatitisB疫苗对所有成年人接种两到四剂。相比之下，Flu疫苗在一生中需要接种的次数最多。故选A项。
3．答案： C
解析： 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了各种疫苗及其接种建议，这属于健康医疗类的话题。因此，可以推断出这篇文章很可能出现在健康类网站上。故选C项。
4．答案： B
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中:JosephDituri已经两个两周没见太阳了，可知，迪图里的实验持续了四周时间。故选B。
5．答案： C
解析： 观点态度题。根据第三段中:这项研究将检验这次潜水过程对我身体各方面的影响，但我假设由于增大的水压，我的健康状况会有所改善，可知，迪图里认为增大的水压对健康的影响是有希望的。故选C。
6．答案： B
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中:迪图里邀请了大约40名儿童，让他们一次与他共度24小时，并教他们潜水，可知:迪图里邀请孩子跟他共处24小时，并且教他们潜水。故选B.
7．答案： A
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中:除了研究之外，这个项目也是一个培养孩子们对探索科学领域热情的机会。可知，迪图里邀请孩子体验水下生活的原因是激发他们对科学的渴望。故选A。
8．答案： B
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句:曾经是森林或开阔草原的地方如今生产出了供人、牛食用的玉米，当被制成乙醇时，还可以给汽车提供燃料。及第二段前两句:现在，美国的航空公司也想用玉米为飞机提供动力。他们雄心勃勃的目标可能需要将乙醇产量提高近一倍，可知，用玉米生产的乙醇属于清洁能源，排放较少的温室气体，扩大玉米种植面积，提高乙醇产量意味着能减少石油，天然气等燃料的使用，故而可以减少温室气体的排放。故推知slash意为"减少"。故选B项，
9．答案： B
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句:如果他们成功了，它可能会再次改变美国的玉米带，促进农民和乙醇生产商的发展，但也可能进一步破坏美国最重要的资源之一:地下水。第三段第一句:玉米是一种水密集型作物，生产一加仑乙醇需要数百加仑的水。可知，玉米是一种水密集型作物，若增加乙醇作为航空燃料则意味着扩大玉米种植面积，则会消耗更多的地下水，增加对地下水层的依赖。故选B项，
10．答案： C
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句:拜登总统在7月份说:"记住我的话，未来20年，农民将提供95%的可持续航空燃料。"可知，农民将在可持续航空燃料工业中发挥重要作用。故选C项。
11．答案： D
解析： 主旨大意题。根据第二段:现在，美国的航空公司也想用玉米为飞机提供动力。他们雄心勃勃的目标可能需要将乙醇产量提高近一倍，航空公司称这将大幅削减温室气体排放。如果他们成功了，它可能会再次改变美国的玉米带，促进农民和乙醇生产商的发展，但也可能进一步破坏美国最重要的资源之一:地下水。并结合下文具体描述可知，本文主要介绍了航空公司计划使用基于玉米的乙醇燃料作为航空燃料，这可能会带来环境优势，即减少温室气体排放;然而，玉米种植对地下水资源的需求非常大，可能会进一步损害地下水层，这也可能加剧正在发生的水资源危机。故选D项。
12．答案： A
解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第一段:但是，Zara如何能够持续发展呢？他们每年生产约4.5亿件服装，每周发布500件新设计，每年约2万件，Zara的快时尚模式如此成功，以至于整个行业都在效仿。可知Zara每年生产了过量的服装，破坏了生态环境，不具有可持续性。说明作者打算用第一段中关于Zara的数字来说明Zara不环保。故答案为A.
13．答案： C
解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第四段:小品牌通过使用定制生产等策略专注于创造可持续发展文化，因此它们的利润不会超过销售额。可知按需生产服装显示了小品牌的文化特征。故答案为C。
14．答案： B
解析： 猜测词义题。根据文章第五段:大型全球企业零售商并未寻求改变其基本商业模式或创造可持续发展文化。这将需要重组他们的整个业务结构，并最终损害他们的利润。可知bottom line的意思是快时尚的利润。
15．答案： B
解析： 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段:如果Zara和其他大型时尚品牌开始考虑如何摆脱每周持续推出新产品的做法，我会开始相信它们应对气候变化的意图是好的。可知最后一段重点是如何让消费者少买衣服。故答案为B。
16．答案： B
解析：
17．答案： D
解析：
18．答案： D
解析：
19．答案： C
解析：
20．答案： A
解析：
21．答案： C
解析：
22．答案： A
解析：
23．答案： A
解析：
24．答案： D
解析：
25．答案： B
解析：
26．答案： C
解析：
27．答案： A
解析：
28．答案： B
解析：
29．答案： D
解析：
30．答案： B
解析：
31．答案： A; B; G; C; F
解析：
32．答案： reaction; with; which; knows; highly; recognized; to understand; better; or; closing
解析： ①考查不可数名词。句意:当我们告诉人们，我们开了一家公司，教授人们中国传统文化，并让他们体验书法、绘画和太极等东西时，我们经常得到的反应是"为什么？前面有定冠词，后跟定语从句，所以用名词reaction，为不可数名词，故填reaction。
②考查介词。句意:我总是简单地说，我喜欢中国传统文化，并希望与他人分享。share sth. with sb:与某人分享某物，with为介词，故填with
③考查非限制性定语从句。句意:我们所说的中国传统文化，是指从几千年前到21世纪的语言、哲学、饮食、工艺美术和风俗习惯，这些都是代代相传的。先行词为the language，philosophies， food， arts and crafts， and customs from thousands of years ago up to the 21st century，指物，应用关系代词which引导，which在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填which。
④考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:任何对中国有所了解的人都知道，中国有大约5000年的历史，涵盖了很多文化！描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语为anyone，所以谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填knows。
⑤考查副词。句意:传统文化在中国仍然很受欢迎，几千年前的哲学仍然可见，并影响着今天的文化，即使没有被认可的名字。修饰形容词，所以用副词，表示抽象意义"高度地"，故填highly
⑥考查主语从句的省略。句意:传统文化在中国仍然很受欢迎，几千年前的哲学仍然可见，并影响着今天的文化，即使没有被认可的名字。前后句子的主语都是the philosophies，和recognize之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，所以even if后面省略了the philosophies are，故填recognized
⑦考查动词不定式。句意:中国的文化，无论是现代文化还是传统文化，都显得非常不同，有时甚至难以理解，这往往会导致误解。此处为形容词+动词不定式结构，不定式常用主语形式表示被动意义，故填to understand。
⑧考查副词比较级。句意:但你学得越多，了解得越多，你就越了解中国。此处the+比较级...，the+比较级...越.….越.……，所以用副词比较级better，故填better。
⑨考查连词。句意:当然，这不仅仅意味着上一堂书法课或在一个下午尝试太极，但你的每一次经历都让你更接近于回答你的任何问题，缩小你的感知和现实之间的差距。前后是选择关系，所以用连词or连接，故填or。
⑩考查动名词。句意:当然，这不仅仅意味着上一堂书法课或在一个下午尝试太极，但你的每一次经历都让你更接近于回答你的任何问题，缩小你的感知和现实之间的差距。和answering并列作介词to的宾语，所以用动名词，故填closing.
33．答案： Dear Mr. Morgan，
I’m writing to apologize for not being able to climb the mountain with you this weekend.
My classmates and I have been expecting to go climbing with you. However， my grandfather， who is in his 70s， fell on the ground suddenly while having a shower yesterday. He was so seriously injured that he was sent to hospital at once. Now he is receiving treatment there and I must look after him. That’s why I can’t go with you.
Once again， sorry for not being able to accompany you. I sincerely hope that you will have a good time.
Yours，
Li Hua
解析：
34．答案：
One day， a fire broke out at the school. The alarm bell rang frantically， echoing through the corridors， sending students into a panic. Amidst the chaos， Ray and Ben instinctively looked for each other. Finding each other amidst the crowd of frightened students， they grabbed hands and made their way towards the nearest exit. As they ran， they helped others who were struggling or too scared to move， guiding them towards safety. The fire seemed to rage on， but their bond only grew stronger in the face of adversity.
They walked out of the building safe and sound. Ray and Ben stood together， surveying the scene， grateful for their escape and even more grateful for each other. As the day progressed， they were hailed as heroes for their bravery and selflessness during the evacuation. But to them， it was just another example of the unbreakable bond they shared. That night， as they sat under the stars， recounting their adventure， they knew that their friendship had been tested by fire and had emerged even stronger.
解析：
学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
If you haven’t given much thought lately to smallpox （天花）， polio （脊髓灰炎） or diphtheria （白喉） that’s because these once- dangerous diseases either have been wiped out or are now well controlled， thanks to the success of earlier vaccination programs.
While some vaccines are given in childhood and confer （赋予） protection for life others must be repeated into adulthood . The virus that causes measles （麻疹）， for instance， "is a very stable virus， it doesn’t change." That means a childhood measles vaccine provides lifelong protection. Flu and COVID viruses， on the other hand， mutate （变异） frequently， so the vaccines need to be updated and repeated.
Here are the CDC’s vaccine recommendations for adults age 19 and older. （Note: Consult your doctor before getting vaccinated.）
Flu: One dose annually.
COVID-19: Boosters as they become available.
Tdap: A booster every 10 years (also with each pregnancy, or for wound management).
MR: One to two doses for those born in 1957 or later who have not been fully immunized.
Varicella (chickenpox): Two doses for unvaccinated adults who have never had chickenpox.
MZoster (shingles): Two doses for adults age 50 and older.
HPV: Two to three doses before age 26 (or before age 45, depending on your doctor’s recommendation).
Pneumococcal: For all adults overage 65, one dose PCV15 followed by PPSV23 or one dosePCV20.
Hepatitis A: People with certain medical conditions or those traveling overseas may require two to three doses, depending on the vaccine.
Hepatitis B: Two to four doses for all adults, depending on the vaccine.
Meningococcal: Recommended for previously unvaccinated adults who are in college or the military, or have a compromised immune system.
1．The passage is meant for ______.
A.babies aged 1 to 5
B.kids aged 6 to 12
C.teenagers aged 13-18
D.adults aged over 18
2．Which of the following vaccines is likely to require the most doses in one’s life？
A.Flu.
B.Tdap.
C.HPV.
D.Hepatitis B.
3．On what kind of website will you probably find this article？
A.Entertainment.
B.Technology.
C.Health.
D.Opinion.
Joseph Dituri hasn’t seen the sun for two fortnights. And he won’t see it again for months. Since March 1st， the professor has been underwater， with the goal of spending 100 days there-for science. If successful， he will break the current world record for time spent living underwater， which was set by two Tennessee biologists in 2014 when they stayed beneath the surface for 73 days.
Dituri， who has been nicknamed "Dr. Deep Sea"， is living in Jules’ Undersea Lodge （小屋） in Key Largo， Florida-the same underwater venue where the previous record was set. The 100-square-foot hotel， which sits 30 feet below the surface， is his temporary home， where he is carrying out research and giving virtual lectures for his students at the University of South Florida.
"The human body has never been underwater that long， so I will be monitored closely，" Dituri said. "This study will examine every way this journey impacts my body， but my hypothesis （假设） is that there will be improvements to my health due to the increased pressure." This hypothesis comes from a study that indicated potentially positive effects of pressure exposure on cell growth and vitality （活力）， and Dituri hopes that his underwater experience could reveal ways to combat age-related diseases and lengthen lifespan.
As part of his research， Dituri is investigating the effects of living in a high-pressure environment for an extended period. To keep water from entering the lodge， air must constantly be pumped into the space to create a pressure about 1.6 times higher than that of the Earth’s surface. Therefore， it can’t be achieved in his own right.
Before the journey， Dituri had undergone psychosocial， psychological and medical tests. He continues to undergo testing during and after his 100 days at the lodge. "The mental health part of this is important， because I’m in an isolated and limited environment，" he said.
Beyond research， the project is also a chance to cultivate children’s enthusiasm for exploring the science field. Dituri invites about 40 children to stay with him for 24 hours at a time and teach them to dive. To him， this outreach is what makes the whole project worth it-more than the chance for a world record.
4．What do we know about Dituri’s experiment from the text？
A.It is scheduled to end on July 9th.
B.It has been on for nearly a month.
C.Its aim is just to break the world record.
D.It is conducted where two Tennessce biologists settled.
5．What is Dituri’s attitude toward the impact the increased pressure has on health？
A.Doubtful.
B.Cautious.
C.Hopeful.
D.Unclear.
6．Which scene possibly happens in the course of Dituri’s living underwater？
A.He pumps the air into the lodge.
B.He instructs invited children to dive.
C.He analyzes his own psychosocial tests.
D.He experiments in a spacious lodge.
7．Why does Dituri invite children to experience the underwater life？
A.To arouse their eagerness for science.
B.To ease his loneliness and isolation.
C.To set a world record at full stretch.
D.To prove the value of his experience.
Vast stretches of America are dominated by corn， nearly 100m acres of it， stretching from Ohio to the Dakotas. What once was forest or open prairie （大草原） today produces the corn that feeds people， cattle and， when made into ethanol （乙醇）， cars.
Now, the nation’s airlines want to power their planes with corn, too. Their ambitious goal would likely require nearly doubling ethanol production, which airlines say would slash their greenhouse gas emissions. If they succeed, it could transform America’s Corn Belt yet again, boosting farmers and ethanol producers alike, but also potentially further damaging one of the nation’s most important resources: groundwater.
Corn is a water-intensive crop and it can take hundreds of gallons to produce a single gallon of ethanol. But as airlines embrace the idea of ethanol， prompting lobbyists （游说者） for ethanol makers and corn growers alike to push for clean-energy tax credits in Washington， vital aquifers （地下水层） face serious risks. "We’re on track to massively increase water usage without any real sense of how sensitive our aquifers are， " said Jeffrey Broberg， who is concerned about groundwater in Minnesota. a major corn state， where he is a water-use consultant and founder of the Minnesota Well Owners Organization.
United Airlines this veal signed a deal with a Nebraska ethanol company to buy enough sustainable aviation fuel as the biofuel is known， to power 50， 000 flights a year. In August， Delta announced a plan to create a sustainable fuel hub（中心） in Minnesota. The Biden administration could decide on its tax incentives （激励） for the industry as soon as December. "Mark my words， the next 20 years， farmers are going to provide 95% of all the sustainable airline fuel， ’’President Biden said in July.
This year a New York Times data investigation found that groundwater is being dangerously exhausted nationwide， largely by agricultural overuse. As climate change makes rainfall less reliable and intensifies droughts， rising demand for ethanol could put even more pressure on America’s fragile aquifers to be used for irrigation.
8．What does the underlined word "slash" mean in paragraph 2？
A.Increase.
B.Decrease.
C.Maintain.
D.Transform.
9．What is the potential risk of the increased use of ethanol in aviation fuel？
A.Decreased water usage.
B.Increased reliance on aquifers.
C.A boost in clean-energy tax credits.
D.Expansion of. corn production.
10．What can we learn from paragraph 4？
A.Farmers will double their ethanol production.
B.The sustainable aviation fuel will not gain popularity in the future.
C.Farmers will play a major part in the sustainable aviation fuel industry.
D.The Biden administration opposes the new aviation fuel to protect the aquifers.
11．What is the main idea of the text？
A.The Biden administration’s attitude to the corn and ethanol industry.
B.Using corn-based ethanol can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
C.Groundwater resources are being dangerously exhausted due to agricultural overuse.
D.Using corn-based ethanol in aviation may lead to increased groundwater exhaustion.
The impact of fast fashion on the environment is significant. Recently Zara， one of the largest fast-fashion retailers （零售商） in the world， put forth a concept that only sustainable fabrics are used in clothing production. But how can Zara ever be sustainable？ They produce around 450 million garments （衣服） a year and release 500 new designs a week， about 20，000 a year. Zara’s fast-fashion model has been so successful it has inspired an entire industry to follow them.
Clothing production doubled from 2012 to 2022. The average consumer bought 60 percent more clothing in 2022 than in 2012， but kept each garment half as long. And less than one percent of all clothing produced globally is recycled.
I spend a lot of time reading the corporate social responsibility reports of large brands and interviewing micro-to-small sized enterprises to see how they approach sustainability. The largest significant difference between them is culture.
Small brands focus on creating a culture of sustainability by using strategies like producing made-to-order， so they are not making more than what is sold. Most small brands are opting to work under， an "anti-fashion calendar". They choose not to follow the intense seasonal calendar that fashion functions under. They do this because waste is one of their biggest concerns. They also design clothing to be of the highest quality， ensuring durability and longevity， so you may keep it longer.
Fast fashion is a “grow or die” business, and the fast-fashion growth model used by all large companies is predicated on limitless growth. Large global corporate retailers are not seeking to change their fundamental business model or create cultures of sustainability. That would require re-working their entire business structure and ultimately hurt their bottom line.
I would start to believe Zara and other large fashion brands had good intentions to fight climate change if they started to look at how to move away from their continuous offerings of weekly new products. They need to introduce alternative sustainable business model practices. One small step could be to offer repair or tailoring services. Tailoring creates clothes that fit perfectly， subsequently increasing their emotional value， so that we love them and keep them longer.
12．What does the author intend to show with the numbers about Zara in paragraph 1？
A.Zara is not eco-friendly.
B.Zara is popular with consumers.
C.Zara is a large fast-fashion retailer.
D.Zara is a success in fashion industry.
13．Which of the following shows a cultural feature of small brands？
A.Designing clothing as needed.
B.Designing clothing seasonably.
C.Producing clothing as needed.
D.Producing clothing seasonably.
14．What does the underlined part "bottom line" in paragraph 5 relate to？
A.The fast-fashion retailers.
B.The profits from fast fashion.
C.The culture of sustainability.
D.The relationship with consumers.
15．What does the last paragraph focus on？
A.How to make consumers love their clothes.
B.How to make consumers buy less clothing.
C.How large fashion brands offer weekly new products.D How large fashion brands improve their services.
二、完形填空（15空）
I was lucky because I found my lifelong career early in life-creating something meaningful with imagination and knowledge. Wozniak and I started Apple in my parents’ garage when I was 20. In 10 1 Apple had grown into a two-billion-dollar company with a well-known electronic product launched. We’d just 2 our finest creation, the Macintosh, and I had just turned 30. Then I got fired. How can I get 3 from a company I started Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to 4 the company with me, and for the first year or so things went 5 . But then our visions of the future became 6 and eventually we had fallen out. When we had some words, our Board of Directors 7 him. And so at 30, I was out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, which was 8 . I really felt 9 for months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs (企业家) down-that I had dropped the baton (接力棒) as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to 10 for messing everything up. I was a public 11 , so I even thought about running away from the valley. But something 12 me: I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that a bit. Consequently, I decided to turn the tables. 13 as I was about my future then, it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a(n) 14 again. It freed me to enter one of the most 15 periods of my life.
16．
A.weeks
B.years
C.decades
D.months
17．
A.surveyed
B.updated
C.kept
D.released
18．
A.approved
B.promoted
C.challenged
D.dismissed
19．
A.establish
B.save
C.run
D.integrate
20．
A.well
B.slowly
C.wrong
D.unexpectedly
21．
A.unreasonable
B.identical
C.contradictory
D.conservative
22．
A.sided with
B.disagreed with
C.relied on
D.turned to
23．
A.destructive
B.demanding
C.invaluable
D.influential
24．
A.composed
B.curious
C.refreshed
D.self-conscious
25．
A.progress
B.apologize
C.compensate
D.answer
26．
A.success
B.director
C.failure
D.dealer
27．
A.struck
B.deserted
C.betrayed
D.escaped
28．
A.Particular
B.Uncertain
C.Regretful
D.Optimistic
29．
A.bench warmer
B.big cheese
C.old-timer
D.green hand
30．
A.inexperienced
B.creative
C.precise
D.permanent
三、短文填空
31．
You know the feeling--your ears start to warm up, your tongue goes numb (麻木的), and you start sweating and taking deep breaths. You’ve just eaten something spicy, knowing it would be painful, but you chose to do it anyway. Are humans just masochistic (自讨苦吃的), or is there something else going on ① .
Spicy isn’t actually a taste like salty, sweet, sour and bitter-- it’s a sensation. ② . When we eat foods containing capsaicin (辣椒素), our bodies are tricked into thinking the temperature is actually rising. In trying to temper the burning sensation, our bodies release endorphins (内啡肽) which control pain and, at the same time, give a feeling of pleasure---like painkillers.
This is what is happening chemically, but there is also a conscious side to choosing spicy food. Dr Tamara Rosenbaum, Cognitive Neuroscientist at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, explains in an interview with the BBC that this is ③ . Furthermore, we obtain pleasure from the other ingredients chilli is generally cooked and eaten with- including fat, sugar and salt. So-like skydiving-eating, chilli is a form of thrill-seeking, ④ .
This masochistic relationship with capsaicin started in the Andes of South America, where chilli peppers originate. Humans were one of the few mammals on Earth that developed a taste for capsaicin. As archaeological evidence suggests, they started cultivating chilli peppers about six thousand years ago. Human intervention changed the chilli pepper to suit human tastes and needs--including the pepper’s colour, size and capsaicin content-helping to explain the many different types of chilli peppers now available. ⑤ . We eat around 57. 3 million tons of peppers globally each year, and chilli is a key ingredient in traditional dishes from Mexico to Korea. Maybe we are masochistic after all.
A. It lies in both science and history
B. This is caused by a chemical compound called ‘capsaicin’
C. where we get pleasure from a seemingly negative sensation
D. It has something to do with human nature and body composition
E. why Chop Bell Pepper Fish Head enjoys great popularity among Hunanese
F. Fast-forward to today， and our love affair with the chilli pepper is going strong
G. because we know that the burning sensation of chilli does not physically harm us
32．
When we tell people that we opened a company that teaches people about traditional Chinese culture, and allows them to experience things like calligraphy, painting and tai chi, the ① (react) we often get is “Why You are British! You should teach British culture!” I would always say simply that I love traditional Chinese culture, and want to share that ② others.
When talking about traditional Chinese culture, we are referring to the language, philosophies, food, arts and crafts, and customs from thousands of years ago up to the 21st century, ③ have been passed down through the generations. And as anyone who has heard anything about China ④ (know), with a history of an estimated 5,000 years, that covers a lot of culture! Traditional culture is still ⑤ (high) popular in China, and the philosophies of thousands of years ago are still visible and influencing the culture today, even if not ⑥ (recognise) by name.
The culture of China, both modern and traditional, can appear quite different and at times even difficult ⑦ (understand), which often leads to misunderstanding. But the more you learn and understand, the ⑧ (well) you know about China. Of course, that means more than taking one calligraphy class ⑨ trying out tai chi one afternoon, but each experience you have brings you closer to answering any questions you have and ⑩ (close) the gap between your perception and reality.
四、书面表达
33．
假如你是李华，你和几位同学原定于本周末与外教 Mr. Morgan一起去市郊爬山，但由于发生了突发事件，你无法参加爬山活动。请用英文给摩根先生写一封电子邮件，表示歉意。
内容包括:
1.非常期待这次活动;
2.无法参加的原因;
3.向他表示歉意。
注意:写作字数应为80字左右。
Dear Mr. Morgan.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
五、读后续写
34．
Sometimes， having a faithful and good friend is the best thing that can ever happen to anyone’s life.
Ray grew up in the quiet and industrialized city of Buchncer. He was quieter than the city and was socially disconnected from other children of his age. He was often caught up in his thoughts watching the clouds outside the window. People thought that he was a loner or had some mental problems.
At school， he was nicknamed "The Lone Ranger". He didn’t mind what people said about him. He just minded his own business.
Time went by， and he still had no friend. His parents feared that he had an underlying problem， though he was doing very well academically. He was taken to psychologists， but there was nothing wrong with him.
During his high school days， a new boy came into their class. He had weird long hair that other student found to be funny. He looked so tired and his clothes were ragged and dirty. It seemed that he didn’t have enough money to buy himself a decent clothing. He was laughed and regularly made fun of. He was teased and due to his small body， he was bullied too.
It did not go well with Ray who felt that the new student， Ben， was being mistreated.
One day， as Ben was being abused， Ray ran to rescue him. Ray got the beating of his life. He was beaten until he was nose bleeding. Even though Ray and Ben were unable to defend them-selves， the unfortunate event marked the beginning of a new friendship.
They were always together and never felt lonely or incomplete in the company of each other. They were just normal boys who shared a deep friendship that many students of their age imagined or read in books. Two years passed by and the friendship was still going strong.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
One day， a fire broke out at the school.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
They walked out the building safe and sound.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．答案： D
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中:以下是疾病控制与预防中心对19岁及以上成年人的疫苗建议，可知，这篇文章是为18岁以上的成年人准备的。故选D项。
2．答案： A
解析： 细节理解题。根据文中:流感:每年一剂、百白破:每10年注射一次（也适用于每次怀孕或伤口处理）、HPV:在26岁之前（或在45岁之前，取决于你的医生的建议）注射两到三剂和田型肝炎:患有某些疾病的人或出国旅行的人可能需要接种两到三剂疫苗，具体取决于疫苗的种类，可知，Flu疫苗需要每年接种一剂，Tdap疫苗每10年接种一次加强剂，HPV疫苗在26岁之前接种两到三剂，HepatitisB疫苗对所有成年人接种两到四剂。相比之下，Flu疫苗在一生中需要接种的次数最多。故选A项。
3．答案： C
解析： 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了各种疫苗及其接种建议，这属于健康医疗类的话题。因此，可以推断出这篇文章很可能出现在健康类网站上。故选C项。
4．答案： B
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中:JosephDituri已经两个两周没见太阳了，可知，迪图里的实验持续了四周时间。故选B。
5．答案： C
解析： 观点态度题。根据第三段中:这项研究将检验这次潜水过程对我身体各方面的影响，但我假设由于增大的水压，我的健康状况会有所改善，可知，迪图里认为增大的水压对健康的影响是有希望的。故选C。
6．答案： B
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中:迪图里邀请了大约40名儿童，让他们一次与他共度24小时，并教他们潜水，可知:迪图里邀请孩子跟他共处24小时，并且教他们潜水。故选B.
7．答案： A
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中:除了研究之外，这个项目也是一个培养孩子们对探索科学领域热情的机会。可知，迪图里邀请孩子体验水下生活的原因是激发他们对科学的渴望。故选A。
8．答案： B
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句:曾经是森林或开阔草原的地方如今生产出了供人、牛食用的玉米，当被制成乙醇时，还可以给汽车提供燃料。及第二段前两句:现在，美国的航空公司也想用玉米为飞机提供动力。他们雄心勃勃的目标可能需要将乙醇产量提高近一倍，可知，用玉米生产的乙醇属于清洁能源，排放较少的温室气体，扩大玉米种植面积，提高乙醇产量意味着能减少石油，天然气等燃料的使用，故而可以减少温室气体的排放。故推知slash意为"减少"。故选B项，
9．答案： B
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句:如果他们成功了，它可能会再次改变美国的玉米带，促进农民和乙醇生产商的发展，但也可能进一步破坏美国最重要的资源之一:地下水。第三段第一句:玉米是一种水密集型作物，生产一加仑乙醇需要数百加仑的水。可知，玉米是一种水密集型作物，若增加乙醇作为航空燃料则意味着扩大玉米种植面积，则会消耗更多的地下水，增加对地下水层的依赖。故选B项，
10．答案： C
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句:拜登总统在7月份说:"记住我的话，未来20年，农民将提供95%的可持续航空燃料。"可知，农民将在可持续航空燃料工业中发挥重要作用。故选C项。
11．答案： D
解析： 主旨大意题。根据第二段:现在，美国的航空公司也想用玉米为飞机提供动力。他们雄心勃勃的目标可能需要将乙醇产量提高近一倍，航空公司称这将大幅削减温室气体排放。如果他们成功了，它可能会再次改变美国的玉米带，促进农民和乙醇生产商的发展，但也可能进一步破坏美国最重要的资源之一:地下水。并结合下文具体描述可知，本文主要介绍了航空公司计划使用基于玉米的乙醇燃料作为航空燃料，这可能会带来环境优势，即减少温室气体排放;然而，玉米种植对地下水资源的需求非常大，可能会进一步损害地下水层，这也可能加剧正在发生的水资源危机。故选D项。
12．答案： A
解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第一段:但是，Zara如何能够持续发展呢？他们每年生产约4.5亿件服装，每周发布500件新设计，每年约2万件，Zara的快时尚模式如此成功，以至于整个行业都在效仿。可知Zara每年生产了过量的服装，破坏了生态环境，不具有可持续性。说明作者打算用第一段中关于Zara的数字来说明Zara不环保。故答案为A.
13．答案： C
解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第四段:小品牌通过使用定制生产等策略专注于创造可持续发展文化，因此它们的利润不会超过销售额。可知按需生产服装显示了小品牌的文化特征。故答案为C。
14．答案： B
解析： 猜测词义题。根据文章第五段:大型全球企业零售商并未寻求改变其基本商业模式或创造可持续发展文化。这将需要重组他们的整个业务结构，并最终损害他们的利润。可知bottom line的意思是快时尚的利润。
15．答案： B
解析： 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段:如果Zara和其他大型时尚品牌开始考虑如何摆脱每周持续推出新产品的做法，我会开始相信它们应对气候变化的意图是好的。可知最后一段重点是如何让消费者少买衣服。故答案为B。
16．答案： B
解析：
17．答案： D
解析：
18．答案： D
解析：
19．答案： C
解析：
20．答案： A
解析：
21．答案： C
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22．答案： A
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23．答案： A
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24．答案： D
解析：
25．答案： B
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26．答案： C
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27．答案： A
解析：
28．答案： B
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29．答案： D
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30．答案： B
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31．答案： A; B; G; C; F
解析：
32．答案： reaction; with; which; knows; highly; recognized; to understand; better; or; closing
解析： ①考查不可数名词。句意:当我们告诉人们，我们开了一家公司，教授人们中国传统文化，并让他们体验书法、绘画和太极等东西时，我们经常得到的反应是"为什么？前面有定冠词，后跟定语从句，所以用名词reaction，为不可数名词，故填reaction。
②考查介词。句意:我总是简单地说，我喜欢中国传统文化，并希望与他人分享。share sth. with sb:与某人分享某物，with为介词，故填with
③考查非限制性定语从句。句意:我们所说的中国传统文化，是指从几千年前到21世纪的语言、哲学、饮食、工艺美术和风俗习惯，这些都是代代相传的。先行词为the language，philosophies， food， arts and crafts， and customs from thousands of years ago up to the 21st century，指物，应用关系代词which引导，which在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填which。
④考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:任何对中国有所了解的人都知道，中国有大约5000年的历史，涵盖了很多文化！描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语为anyone，所以谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填knows。
⑤考查副词。句意:传统文化在中国仍然很受欢迎，几千年前的哲学仍然可见，并影响着今天的文化，即使没有被认可的名字。修饰形容词，所以用副词，表示抽象意义"高度地"，故填highly
⑥考查主语从句的省略。句意:传统文化在中国仍然很受欢迎，几千年前的哲学仍然可见，并影响着今天的文化，即使没有被认可的名字。前后句子的主语都是the philosophies，和recognize之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，所以even if后面省略了the philosophies are，故填recognized
⑦考查动词不定式。句意:中国的文化，无论是现代文化还是传统文化，都显得非常不同，有时甚至难以理解，这往往会导致误解。此处为形容词+动词不定式结构，不定式常用主语形式表示被动意义，故填to understand。
⑧考查副词比较级。句意:但你学得越多，了解得越多，你就越了解中国。此处the+比较级...，the+比较级...越.….越.……，所以用副词比较级better，故填better。
⑨考查连词。句意:当然，这不仅仅意味着上一堂书法课或在一个下午尝试太极，但你的每一次经历都让你更接近于回答你的任何问题，缩小你的感知和现实之间的差距。前后是选择关系，所以用连词or连接，故填or。
⑩考查动名词。句意:当然，这不仅仅意味着上一堂书法课或在一个下午尝试太极，但你的每一次经历都让你更接近于回答你的任何问题，缩小你的感知和现实之间的差距。和answering并列作介词to的宾语，所以用动名词，故填closing.
33．答案： Dear Mr. Morgan，
I’m writing to apologize for not being able to climb the mountain with you this weekend.
My classmates and I have been expecting to go climbing with you. However， my grandfather， who is in his 70s， fell on the ground suddenly while having a shower yesterday. He was so seriously injured that he was sent to hospital at once. Now he is receiving treatment there and I must look after him. That’s why I can’t go with you.
Once again， sorry for not being able to accompany you. I sincerely hope that you will have a good time.
Yours，
Li Hua
解析：
34．答案：
One day， a fire broke out at the school. The alarm bell rang frantically， echoing through the corridors， sending students into a panic. Amidst the chaos， Ray and Ben instinctively looked for each other. Finding each other amidst the crowd of frightened students， they grabbed hands and made their way towards the nearest exit. As they ran， they helped others who were struggling or too scared to move， guiding them towards safety. The fire seemed to rage on， but their bond only grew stronger in the face of adversity.
They walked out of the building safe and sound. Ray and Ben stood together， surveying the scene， grateful for their escape and even more grateful for each other. As the day progressed， they were hailed as heroes for their bravery and selflessness during the evacuation. But to them， it was just another example of the unbreakable bond they shared. That night， as they sat under the stars， recounting their adventure， they knew that their friendship had been tested by fire and had emerged even stronger.
解析：
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