Unit 4 Friends Forever Using language 定语从句 学案（无答案）2024-2025学年高中英语外研版（2019）必修第一册

定语从句(Attributive Clause)
Baby won't you tell me there is sadness in your eyes
I don't wanna say goodbye to you Love is one big illusion I should try to forget
but there is something left in my head . You're the one set it up
now you're the one to make it stop . I'm the one feeling lost right now
Now you want me to forget every little you said. but there is something left in
my head
I won't forget you're kissing The feeling's so strong will last for so long
But I'm not your heart is missing. That's you go away, I know
总结：定语从句分为 定语从句(restrictive)和 定语从句
(non-restrictive)两种。
限制性定语从句：
一意义：是指在复合句中，限定修饰 或 的从句.
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做 ”.
引导定语从句的词叫“ ”
二.结构： 一般定语从句的结构是： “先行词+关系词+从句”。
（限制性定语从句）翻译： …… 的… … 即：“定语从句”的“先行词”
注意：在中文翻译上，关系代词词或关系副词没有字面的含义，不用翻译。 The boy who broke the window is called Tom.打破玻璃的那个男孩叫 Tom
三.定语从句三要素: , ,
This is the very book that interests me most. 先行词 关系词 从句
四. 观察总结：（请画下定语从句以及每个定语从句的先行词和关系词）
It was a hot and dry summer when the sun was shining brightly up in the sky. A crow who was flying in the sky and whose throat was very painful felt very tired and thirsty.He was looking for water everywhere which can solve his problem or someone whom he can turnd to for help, but in vain. Suddenly, the crow saw a bottle on the ground where there was some water. The crow was so happy that he flew quickly to the bottle in a hurry. However, when he came near, he found that the water that was in the bottle was too shallow to reach.
He went all out to do every thing that he can do to drink the water, but failed. The little crow who stared at the water in a bottle felt tired and thirsty . “What can I do ” The crow was very anxious. He was about to give up when he found some small
stones.
It struck him that he could put some stones in the bottle. The reason why he did this was that the water would rise. The crown came with many small stones that he carefully dropped into the bottle one by one. It turned out that the water in the bottle gradually rose.
In the end, the crow succeeded in drinking the water. This is the story named The Thirsty Crow from which we can learn a lot. As has been told above, we can conclude that it is patience and perseverance that are the key to his success. When facing difficulties, we should find approaches to solving problems, which are signicant.
总结：关系代词的用法
如何关系代词的三大作用：
1. （主句和定语从句）2. （前面的先行词）
3. （在定语从句中要充当一定的成分）
He found the book that he wanted.
This is the car which he bought last year
如何选择关系代词 who ,whom, whose, which, that
口诀： 左顾右盼 左看先行词, 辩清人或物 右看从句里, 有无主宾语
关系代词 先行词 成分 “万能钥匙”
五. 用法：
1. 引导定语从句关系代词的用法： that which who whom whose
1）.that 在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物
A plane is a machine that can fly. ( )
The noodles that I looked were delicious. ( )
2. ）Which 在从句中作主语或宾语，指物
They planted the trees which didn’t need much water. ( )
The fish which we bought were not fresh. ( )
3.who, whom 二者都用于指人。who 在定语从句中作主语、宾语，whom 在定语 从句中作
宾语。作宾语时二者可以换用，也可省略；但在宾语且介词提到关系代词的
前面时，关系代词不能省略。
The policeman to whom I spoke is my brother.（作介词 ）
He is a man who doesn't care about anything. 。（作 ）
Yesterday I happened to meet the professor (who/whom)I got to know at the party. （作动词宾语）
4. whose 在从句中作定语，指人或物，表所属关系
Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week. This is the book whose cover is blue.
练习.Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, which or whose.
1. The earthquake hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American
history.
2. We don’t know the number of people lost their homes in 1906
earthquake.
3. The house they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake
4 .The person you just talked to is Mr. Li.
5. Luckily none of the people I know were killed in the earthquake .
6. Harry is the boy mother is our maths teacher .
总结关系副词的用的用法：
It was a hot and dry summer when the sun was shining brightly up in the sky.
Suddenly, the crow saw a bottle on the ground there was some
water.
The reason he did this was that the water would rise.
练习：
It was a difficult and sad time she spent in her twenties. Luckliy, she had a group of sisters comforted her and bought her a great deal of food could make her happy and they went many places they did many meaingful things. She finally finds her Mr.Right and lives the happiest life every wants to live.
如何选择关系副词 when, where, why
口诀: 一找二代三加四换 关系副词后的小句子完整，不缺成分
关系代词 先行词 成分
练习
1.The man came here just now is my father.
2. Is this the man you just talked to？
3. This is the shop sells medicine.
4. The film we saw yesterday is interesting.
5. This is the boy mother is a doctor.
6. I still remember the day I first came last year.
7. This is the house I lived last year.
8. I don’t know the reason he was late.. 关系副词的用法：
关系副词主要有 when, where, why 等，在定语从句中作状语。关系副词在定语 从句中不可省略。
1）when 的用法：when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语。
它的先行词通常为 time, day, date, morning, night, week, year 等表示时间的名词， 有时 when 相当于“介词+ 关系代词（which）” when = in/at/on/during + which Elias first met Mandela in 1952 when he was 12 years old. 2)where 的用法：where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常为 place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country 等表示地点的名词。
相当于“介词+ 关系代词（which）” 。地点 where = at/in/on+ which
The town where our school located is called Yinchuan. where = in which: in
Yinchuan
★特殊情况一些特殊词之后的 where
where 引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情 况。
1. I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him. 我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了
2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time. 国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。
解析：如果定语从句分别修饰 point, situation, part, condition 和 case 等表示抽象 意义的词，常用 where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。
3)why 的用法：why 指原因或理由，它的先行词只有 reason, 在定语从句中作原 因状语。
相当于“介词 for+ 关系代词（which）”。
The reason why he refused the invitation is not clear. why =for the reason (for
which)
比较
a. This is the place where he works.
b. This is the place which (that) we visited last year.
b. That was the time when he arrived.
Do you still remember the days that (which) we spent together
c. This is the reason why/for which he went.
The reason that (which) he gave us was quite reasonable.
先行词在定语从句中的成分不同, 引导词不同。表示时间地点原因的先行词若在 定语从句中做主语或宾语时，关系词用which 或 that，做状语时 ，分别用 when, where, which（也可以根据定语从句中的谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词考 虑。
1. His father works in a factory makes TV sets.
2. His father works in a factory my grandmother worked.
3. His father works in a factory my grandmother worked in.
4. His father works in a factory in my grandmother worked .
5. His father works in a factory we visited the other day.
6. His father works in a factory gate faces south.
6. I will never forget the day I met you 3 years ago.
7. I will never forget the day on I met you 3 years ago.
8. I will never forget the day I met you on 3 years ago.
9. I will never forget the day I spent in your house three years ago.
定语从句考点与难点
Fill in the blanks with which or that.
1.The first text we are to learn is very difficult. 2.I’m interested in everything I don’t know。
3.There’s no difficulty we can’t overcome.
4.We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals you are thinking about. 5.Which is the book you told me about
6.Shanghai is no longer the city it used to be.
总结：只用 that 的情况：1）当先行词是不定代词时。如 all 、little 、something、 nothing 等
2）先行词本身就是或前被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
3）如果先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时
4）先行词被 all 、every 、no 、little 、one of、the only 、the very 、the right 等所修 饰时。。
5）当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时。
6)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时，只用 that
★总结： 代，高，序，双 特，2w ,主定做表后
Fill in the blanks with which or that.
1.The quake hit wenchuan, used to be a beautiful village .
2.He came late again, made me angry.
3.This is the room in Chairman once lived.
4.Let me show you the book that I borrowed from the library was newly
open to us.
★小结:只用 which ,不用 that 的情况
1）非限制性定语从句中指物 2）指代前面整个句子 3）关系词前有介词
4）一个句子中含有两个定从，已使用一个关系代词 that,另一个则用 which
★总结：逗，介后，两定一有 that
Fill in the blanks with who or that.
1.Those want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.
2.We shuold help the peope are in trouble.
3.There are several students in our class are still not sure about the use of
attributive clauses.
小结:只用 who ,不用 that 的情况
1 先行词是 one(s),anyone,someone, no one, none, all ,those, nobody, anybody they, he, people,等指人的不定代词
2）在 There be 结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词 who 指代人
★总结：人代 people 前 there be 句型中 特殊情况
难点一：as 的用法 填空 as\that\which
1. It is such a big stone nobody can lift. 2. It is such a big stone nobody can lift it.
3. is known to all, he is the best student.
4. Jim passed the driving test, surprised everybody in the office.
归纳：as 引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被 such, the same, so, as 修饰，即构成 such …as , the same …as, so …as, 结构，做题时容易忽略。as 在定语从句中应充
当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。
做题技巧： 当主句中出现 such 或 so 时,看后面从句是否缺主语或宾语: (1)缺主语或宾语,从句前用 as (2)不缺主语和宾语,从句前用 that
such/ so----as … such/ so … that …
This is such an interesting book we all like. as 作主语或宾语(定语从句)
This is such an interesting book we all like it. that 不作任何成分(结果状语从 句)
1. He is such a lazy man nobody wants to work with .
A. as; him B. that; / C. as; / D. whom; him
当主句中出现 the same 时, 后面从句缺主语或宾语时与 as 搭配表同一类事物,与 that 搭配 表同一个事物
This is the same book as I lost. 这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。 This is the same book that I lost 这本书就是我丢的那本。
3）as 与 which 的区别
★as 引导非限制性定语从句一般代替整个句子, 作主语或宾语 从句则可以放句 首, 句中或句尾, 表示“正如” ，“或像… 一样”
as 引导的非限制性定语从句一些固定句型：
as sb know /see / expect / suppose as is known / seen / expected/ supposed as is mentioned as is often the case
as has been said above 如上所说 as anybody can see 正像每个人所看到的那样 as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样
as has been said before 如上所述 ．as may be imagined 正如可以想象出来的
那样
as is well known 众所周知 as was expected 正如预料的那样
as has been already pointed out 正如已经指出的那样 as we all can see 正如我们都会看到的那样
★ which 的先行词可以是名词，也可以是句子的一部分或代替整个句子； 表示“这一点，这件事”which 从句不能放句首; 放在主句之后。
对比练习
1 is known to all, the earth moves around the sun.
2 Tom has made great progress, made us happy.
众所周知，地球是圆的。
is known to all, the earth is round.= we all know, the earth is round.
=the earth is round, is known to all
.= is known to all that the earth is round. = is known to all is that the earth---
★考点主谓一致
1.He is one of the boys who present at the meeting now.
2.He is the only one of them who present at the meeting now.
3.He is the one of them who present at the meeting.
一般来讲，关系代词作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数的方面应该与 先行词 保持一致。
Those who have good manners will be highly respected.那些有礼貌的人会受到人们 的高度尊重。
I, who am your new teacher, will try my best to teach you.我，你们的新老师，将会 尽力教你们。
当“one of +复数名词”作先行词，且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词 用复数；
若 one 前有 the, the only, the very, the right 或 just the 等修饰时，则定语从句 的谓语动词与 one 一致。
You are the only one of the clerks who is invited to the party. You are one of the clerks who are invited to the party.
★介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句介词+关系代词中关系代词只能用 which 或 whom; 不可用 that 或 who 代替.
Do you like the book she spent $10
Do you like the book she paid $10
Do you like the teacher she learned a lot
Do you like the teacher we are talking has gone abroad
He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most hadn’t been cleaned
for at least a year.
关系代词前介词的确定
关系代词前介词选择三原则：一先，二动，三意义（重中之重） 1.一先，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。
I never forget the day on which I came to this school. (on the day)
2. 二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。
This is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yuan. (spend money on sth.)
3. 三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly.
★有些“动词+介词”短语（如 look for, look after, call on 等）如果介词提前将会 失去动词短语的意义，所以不可把介词置于关系代词前。
My younger brother, after whom I have to look, is demanding.
My younger brother, whom I have to look after, is demanding. 练习 Fill in the blanks with “prep.+ which/whom” :
1. Are you interested in any songs you’ve listened.
2. Tomorrow is a particular day his daughter will get married.
3. This is the knife I usually cut bread.
4. We can’t live without the sun we get heat and light.
5. The subject Eric is interested is physics.
6. Do you know the girl our head teacher is shaking hands
7. I can’t find my dictionary I paid over $100 .
8. This is the good car I spent all my money.
9. She is the teacher all his students show respect .
10. The teacher you have been waiting is coming in a minute.
★常见结构扩展
1.名词+介词+关系代词
This is the teacher whose daughter is a famous doctor.
=This is the teacher is a famous doctor.
whose= the +名词+of +which/whom= of +which/whom+ the +名词
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase（花瓶）, was very reasonable（合
理的）.
A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
2.数词+介词+关系代词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数）
We have three foreign teachers, are from Canada. (其中的两个）
The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% are sold
abroad.
A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that
3. 代词+介词+关系代词（代词有 all, both, none, neither, either, some, any 等）
The old woman has two sons, are teachers.（两个都是）
Last week, two persons came to see the house, wanted to buy it.
A. both of they B. neither of whom C. both of them D. all of whom
4. 形容词最高级+介词+关系代词
China has thousands of islands, is Taiwan Island.（其中最大的）
There are two buildings, stands nearly a hundred feet high.
A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one tha D. the larger of which
5.介词+关系代词+名词
He spent four years in college, he studied medicine.（在那段时间内）
In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., time many
people have gone home. A. whose B. that C. on which D. by which
★特殊情况：the way 用做先行词
填上合适的关系词并分析原因：
1.The way he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to
understand.
2.The way he explained to us was quite simple.
the way 做先行词时,先看后面定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语:、 缺少主语或宾语:引导词用 that / which / 不填(缺宾语时)
主语宾语都不缺: 引导词用 that / in which / 不填 非限制性定语从句：
一 意义：非限制性定语从句对先行词或主句起补充说明的作用，即使省去也 不影响主句的语义完整性。非限制性定语从句与先行词或主句之间常用逗号隔 开。
1. I have a sister who / that works in a hospital. （不只一位姐姐）我有一位在医院 工作的姐姐。
2. I have a sister, who works in a hospital.我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作（只有一位 姐姐）
非限制性定语从句中的关系词 指代人 who, whom,
指代事物 which 关系代词
所属关系 whose, of which
fi (r)c (e)h } 关系副词
1.China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.
2. He has to work on Sundays, which he doesn’t like.
3.His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
区分点 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
限制程度 不可或缺，去掉后主句意思 不明确 补充说明主句，去掉不影响主句 意义的完整
句子结构 先行词与从句间没有逗号 先行词与从句间用逗号分开
翻译方式 一般译成前置定语 一般译成并列句
关 系 词的 省略 作宾语的关系代词可以省略 任何关系代词均不可省略，且不 可用关系代词 that
易混句型
1. 定语从句与并列句
1). a. I saw some trees, and the leaves of were black with disease.
b. I saw some trees, the leaves of were black with disease.
2).a. The professor is a little man, on the nose of there is a pair of glasses
b. The professor is a little man, and on the nose of there is a pair of glasses
解题点拨 : 是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。
2. 定语从句与强调句
1) a. It is in this room _____I lived last year.
b. It is the room I lived last year.
2) a. It was at seven o’clock he went to school this morning.
b. It was seven o’clock he went to school this morning.
解题点拨：
强 调 句 型 ： It is/was+ 被 强 调 的 成 份 +that/who+ 其 它 … 去 掉 It
is/was ….that/who … ,句子照样成立; 而定语从句的引导词在句中要作成份。
It was the boy had been in prison stole the money.
A. who, where B. that, how C. who, that D. that, which
It was just in the room he was born he died.
A. where, which B. that, that C. where, that D. which, that
定语从句与同位语从句
a. The news he told me was incredible..
b. The news he was put into prison was incredible.
解题点拨：
定语 从句和同位语从句都放在名词之后。
定从对先行词 ------
同位从对先行词-----
先行词-----定从------
先行词-----同位从-----
易混句型
1.① I still remember the days I worked with the farmers.
② I still remember the days I spent with the farmers
A. which B. on which C. when D. what
2. ① We were on the way ______ it began to rain.
② I don’t like the way _____ you speak to your parents.
A. when B. that C. how D. which
3. ① The teacher didn’t know the reason she was absent yesterday.
②The teacher couldn’t accept the reason she explained yesterday.
A. how B. why C. that D. who
4. ① Is this school ___ you ever visited
② Is this the school ___ you ever studied
③ Is this the school in __ you ever studied
A. where B. which C. that D. the one
5. ① This is ______ he said at he meeting yesterday.
② This is all____ he said at the meeting yesterday.
A. that B. which C. what D. how
6.① is reported in the newspapers, they have beaten all the other teams.
② ____ is reported in the newspaper that they have beaten all the other teams.
③____ is reported in the newspaper is that they have beaten all the other teams.
A. It B. As C. Which D. What
7. ① That is the house, ______ windows hasn’t been cleaned for months.
② That is the house, ______ the windows hasn’t been cleaned for months.
③ That is the house, but ______ windows hasn’t been cleaned for months.
A. it’s B. its C. whose D. of which
8. ① John said he’d been working in the office for hours, ______ true.
2 John said he’d been working in the office for hours, but ______ true.
A.he was B. it was C. which was D. who was
9. ① A few people were caught in the big fire, ____ died.
② A few people were caught in the big fire, and____ dead.
A. two of who B. two of whom C. two of them D. two of they
10. ① Do you know the girl ______ calling herself Miss Forgetful
② Do you know the girl ______ calls herself Miss Forgetful
A. who B. whom C. she D. /
11. ① He wrote the best composition, ____ surprised all of us.
② He wrote the best composition ____ we all readjust now.
A. that B. which C. it D. /