Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures 课件（共30张，内嵌视频）2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册
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| 名称 | Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures 课件（共30张，内嵌视频）2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册 |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 11.3MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-12-23 18:23:17 | ||
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(共30张PPT)
Unit 4
Space Exploration
Discovering Useful Structures
Teaching Objectives:
1. Enable students to analyse the meanings and
functions of the -ing forms used as attributes and
predicatives.
2. Guide students to know how to use the -ing
forms as attributes or predicatives correctly.
Key and difficult points:
Key point：Help students to analyse the
meanings and functions of the -ing forms used as
attributes and predicatives.
Difficult point：How to use the -ing forms in real
situations.
Lead-in
01
Once upon a time, there was a prince bent on revenge.
He asked a question that is still thought-provoking(引人深思的).
TO BE or NOT TO BE
Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicised infinitives.
In pairs, discuss their functions and meanings.
1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.
2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.
3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.
4. Scientists were determined to realise the dream to explore space.
5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
目的状语
目的状语
结果状语
定语
定语
The -ing forms used as attributes
02
不定式的定义
但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。
不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词原形”构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。
动词不定式的时态和语态
主动语态 被动语态
一般式
进行式
完成式
完成进行式
to do
to be done
to be doing
to have done
to have been done
to have been doing
动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语，须用在被修饰词(一般为名词或代词)之后。
不定式和被修饰词存在几种逻辑关系
Mary was the first girl to work out the problem.
女孩解决问题，因此the first girl和 to work out 是 _______________
主谓关系
She is always the first person to come and the last to leave.
她总是第一个来，最后一个走。
动词不定式作定语
Amy said she had an important meeting to attend.
参加会议，因此to attend和 an important meeting是 _______________
动宾关系
Have you got anything to do this evening 今晚你有事吗
I have an e-mail to send. 我得发一封电子邮件。
It is a difficult problem to solve. 这是一个很难解决的问题。
动词不定式作定语
She hopes to be offered a job to drive for a boss.
to drive for a boss 和 a job是 _______________
同位关系
这种关系中，不定式是用来描述被修饰词语的内容的，可以转换为主语和表语的关系：
To drive for a boss is a job.
为老板开车是一项工作。
动词不定式作定语
This is the best way to solve the problem.
to solve the problem 和the best way 是 _____________
动状关系
动状关系是指不定式动作的实施借助the best way这个方式。
即：solve the problem in this way。
Is that the best way to solve the problem
那是解决这个问题的最好办法吗？
The -ing forms used as adverbials
03
动词不定式作状语
动词不定式作状语，表示谓语动词发生的目的、结果、原因、条件等，还可以作评论性状语。
1.作目的状语
有时为了突出和强调目的性，可以置于句首,或者用in order to 或 so as to，一般不位于句首。
One of my old friends came to see me from Beijing yesterday.
我的一个老朋友昨天从北京来看我。
The speaker raised her voice so as to make herself heard.
为了让别人听见，演讲者提高了嗓门儿。
2.作结果状语
动词不定式作状语
① 不定式作结果状语时，往往仅限于learn（得知）， find（发现）， see（看见）， hear（听见），to be told（被告知），make（使得）等几个具有终止含义的动词。
A few years later we came to our home to find that our home town had greatly changed.
几年后我们回到家里，发现家乡的面貌大大地改变了。
② 不定式（短语）也可用 enough 和 too...to 结构表示结果。
You are old enough to take care of yourself now.
你长大了，足能照料你自己了。
某些形容词在"too … to … "结构中没有否定的含义，而是表示肯定，这类形容词有anxious, apt, delighted, eager, easy, glad, kind, pleased, ready, surprised, willing 等。
She was too surprised to see how angry her father was.
看到爸爸那么生气，她非常吃惊。
在not, never, only, all ,but等后的"too…to…"结构中，"too"的含义为"very"，不定式没有否定含义。
It's never too late to learn. 活到老，学到老。
动词不定式和only连用时，常表示未预料到的结果。
He survived the crash only to die in the desert.
他幸存于坠机事故，结果却死在沙漠里。
动词不定式作状语
③ 不定式（短语）在"so+形容词/副词+as"之后作结果状语。
④ 不定式（短语）在“such（+名词短语）+as”之后作结果状语。
She wouldn't be so careless as to forget her luggage.
她不可能粗心到忘了带行李的程度。
Baker can't have done such a terrible thing as to keep you waiting for so long.
贝克不可能做出这么糟糕的事让你等了这么久。
3. 不定式（短语）作方式状语
不定式（短语）作方式状语时，前面由as if / as though引导
动词不定式作状语
She stood up as if to leave. 她站了起来，好像要离开。
4. 作原因状语
不定式作原因状语，往往放在表示情绪变化的形容词或动词后面，作为产生某种情绪的原因。
5.作条件状语
不定式有时放在句首用来表示条件，其产生的结果往往带有虚拟或主观推断的性质，因此句中常用 should, would, could等情态动词。
To look at him , you could hardly help laughing.
假如看他一眼，你就会禁不住大笑起来。
6.作评论性状语
有些不定式是用来表明说话者的观点或态度的，作为独立成分修饰整个句子，我们称之为评论性状语。
To tell the truth , I don't agree with you.
说实话，我不同意你的看法。
(1)在“be+adj. to do”结构中不定式在形容词之后作各种状语。
(2)在"be + adj. to do"结构中，系表结构和不定式构成“合成谓语”,不要拆分。这类结构具有“情态意义”，“合成谓语”可以表示“能力、义务、意愿、推测、倾向”等。它们在意义上相当于对应的情态动词。
I am delighted to receive your e-mail.
收到你的电子邮件我很高兴。
He is too excited to say anything.
他激动得说不出话来。
Be careful to avoid making the same mistake.
小心避免犯同样的错误。
You will be sorry to doit.
如果那样做，你会后悔的。
You are supposed to get a good mark. (=should get )
你应该考个好成绩。
She is sure to be a new comer.
(=must be)
她肯定是新来的。
(目的状语 )
(原因状语 )
(结果状语)
(条件状语 )
关于不定式用在形容词后的几种情况
Practice
03
Rewrite the sentences using infinitives or "in order to/so as to + do". Change the italicised parts accordingly.
1. Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have dreamt that one day they would fly into space.
2. Astronauts' bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy.
Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have the dream to fly into space one day.
Astronauts' bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day to/in order to/so as to stay healthy.
Rewrite the sentences using infinitives or "in order to/so as to + do". Change the italicised parts accordingly.
3. Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.
4. During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodle sunder control.
Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space to/in order to/so as to keep everything from floating off.
During a spacewalk , astronauts have to move slowly to/in order to/so as to keep their bodies under control.
以单词的适当形式填空
1. ______________(become) an astronaut, you must go through a strict selection procedure.
2. The satellite __________ (launch) next month is made in China.
3. In closing, astronauts must have a determined will and a strong desire _______________ (explore) the universe.
4. The monitor signaled regularly __________ (warn) people of any danger.
5. Due to lack of sufficient training, he was forced __________ (float) on the river in a small boat.
To become
to launch
to explore
to warn
to float
Vocabulary
04
recycle
v.回收利用;再利用
recyclable adj.可回收利用的;可再循环的
recycle the paper/glass 回收纸/玻璃
recycle waste 回收利用废弃物
a recycling plan 一项回收利用计划
a recycling centre/plant 废品回收中心/加工厂
the recycling of glass 玻璃的回收利用
练习：In fact, most things made of paper , metal, glass and plastic can _________________(recycle).
be recycled
figure out
弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白
“动词+out”短语
break out (战争、灾难等)爆发;发生
bring out 使显出;出版;生产
come out 出现;出版;结果是
give out 分发;用完;耗尽,精疲力尽;发出(热、光等)
练习：I couldn't _________________(弄明白) what made our boss so angry at the meeting.
figure out
beyond
perp. 在更远处，超出
beyond control 无法控制
beyond the reach of 鞭长莫及
beyond repair 无法修理
beyond doubt/question 无疑地;确实
beyond belief 难以置信
beyond recognition 难以辨认
练习：Your shoes are worn out and they are ______________________ (无法修理).
beyond repair
SEE YOU NEXT TIME
Unit 4
Space Exploration
Discovering Useful Structures
Teaching Objectives:
1. Enable students to analyse the meanings and
functions of the -ing forms used as attributes and
predicatives.
2. Guide students to know how to use the -ing
forms as attributes or predicatives correctly.
Key and difficult points:
Key point：Help students to analyse the
meanings and functions of the -ing forms used as
attributes and predicatives.
Difficult point：How to use the -ing forms in real
situations.
Lead-in
01
Once upon a time, there was a prince bent on revenge.
He asked a question that is still thought-provoking(引人深思的).
TO BE or NOT TO BE
Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicised infinitives.
In pairs, discuss their functions and meanings.
1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.
2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.
3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.
4. Scientists were determined to realise the dream to explore space.
5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
目的状语
目的状语
结果状语
定语
定语
The -ing forms used as attributes
02
不定式的定义
但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。
不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词原形”构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。
动词不定式的时态和语态
主动语态 被动语态
一般式
进行式
完成式
完成进行式
to do
to be done
to be doing
to have done
to have been done
to have been doing
动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语，须用在被修饰词(一般为名词或代词)之后。
不定式和被修饰词存在几种逻辑关系
Mary was the first girl to work out the problem.
女孩解决问题，因此the first girl和 to work out 是 _______________
主谓关系
She is always the first person to come and the last to leave.
她总是第一个来，最后一个走。
动词不定式作定语
Amy said she had an important meeting to attend.
参加会议，因此to attend和 an important meeting是 _______________
动宾关系
Have you got anything to do this evening 今晚你有事吗
I have an e-mail to send. 我得发一封电子邮件。
It is a difficult problem to solve. 这是一个很难解决的问题。
动词不定式作定语
She hopes to be offered a job to drive for a boss.
to drive for a boss 和 a job是 _______________
同位关系
这种关系中，不定式是用来描述被修饰词语的内容的，可以转换为主语和表语的关系：
To drive for a boss is a job.
为老板开车是一项工作。
动词不定式作定语
This is the best way to solve the problem.
to solve the problem 和the best way 是 _____________
动状关系
动状关系是指不定式动作的实施借助the best way这个方式。
即：solve the problem in this way。
Is that the best way to solve the problem
那是解决这个问题的最好办法吗？
The -ing forms used as adverbials
03
动词不定式作状语
动词不定式作状语，表示谓语动词发生的目的、结果、原因、条件等，还可以作评论性状语。
1.作目的状语
有时为了突出和强调目的性，可以置于句首,或者用in order to 或 so as to，一般不位于句首。
One of my old friends came to see me from Beijing yesterday.
我的一个老朋友昨天从北京来看我。
The speaker raised her voice so as to make herself heard.
为了让别人听见，演讲者提高了嗓门儿。
2.作结果状语
动词不定式作状语
① 不定式作结果状语时，往往仅限于learn（得知）， find（发现）， see（看见）， hear（听见），to be told（被告知），make（使得）等几个具有终止含义的动词。
A few years later we came to our home to find that our home town had greatly changed.
几年后我们回到家里，发现家乡的面貌大大地改变了。
② 不定式（短语）也可用 enough 和 too...to 结构表示结果。
You are old enough to take care of yourself now.
你长大了，足能照料你自己了。
某些形容词在"too … to … "结构中没有否定的含义，而是表示肯定，这类形容词有anxious, apt, delighted, eager, easy, glad, kind, pleased, ready, surprised, willing 等。
She was too surprised to see how angry her father was.
看到爸爸那么生气，她非常吃惊。
在not, never, only, all ,but等后的"too…to…"结构中，"too"的含义为"very"，不定式没有否定含义。
It's never too late to learn. 活到老，学到老。
动词不定式和only连用时，常表示未预料到的结果。
He survived the crash only to die in the desert.
他幸存于坠机事故，结果却死在沙漠里。
动词不定式作状语
③ 不定式（短语）在"so+形容词/副词+as"之后作结果状语。
④ 不定式（短语）在“such（+名词短语）+as”之后作结果状语。
She wouldn't be so careless as to forget her luggage.
她不可能粗心到忘了带行李的程度。
Baker can't have done such a terrible thing as to keep you waiting for so long.
贝克不可能做出这么糟糕的事让你等了这么久。
3. 不定式（短语）作方式状语
不定式（短语）作方式状语时，前面由as if / as though引导
动词不定式作状语
She stood up as if to leave. 她站了起来，好像要离开。
4. 作原因状语
不定式作原因状语，往往放在表示情绪变化的形容词或动词后面，作为产生某种情绪的原因。
5.作条件状语
不定式有时放在句首用来表示条件，其产生的结果往往带有虚拟或主观推断的性质，因此句中常用 should, would, could等情态动词。
To look at him , you could hardly help laughing.
假如看他一眼，你就会禁不住大笑起来。
6.作评论性状语
有些不定式是用来表明说话者的观点或态度的，作为独立成分修饰整个句子，我们称之为评论性状语。
To tell the truth , I don't agree with you.
说实话，我不同意你的看法。
(1)在“be+adj. to do”结构中不定式在形容词之后作各种状语。
(2)在"be + adj. to do"结构中，系表结构和不定式构成“合成谓语”,不要拆分。这类结构具有“情态意义”，“合成谓语”可以表示“能力、义务、意愿、推测、倾向”等。它们在意义上相当于对应的情态动词。
I am delighted to receive your e-mail.
收到你的电子邮件我很高兴。
He is too excited to say anything.
他激动得说不出话来。
Be careful to avoid making the same mistake.
小心避免犯同样的错误。
You will be sorry to doit.
如果那样做，你会后悔的。
You are supposed to get a good mark. (=should get )
你应该考个好成绩。
She is sure to be a new comer.
(=must be)
她肯定是新来的。
(目的状语 )
(原因状语 )
(结果状语)
(条件状语 )
关于不定式用在形容词后的几种情况
Practice
03
Rewrite the sentences using infinitives or "in order to/so as to + do". Change the italicised parts accordingly.
1. Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have dreamt that one day they would fly into space.
2. Astronauts' bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy.
Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have the dream to fly into space one day.
Astronauts' bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day to/in order to/so as to stay healthy.
Rewrite the sentences using infinitives or "in order to/so as to + do". Change the italicised parts accordingly.
3. Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.
4. During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodle sunder control.
Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space to/in order to/so as to keep everything from floating off.
During a spacewalk , astronauts have to move slowly to/in order to/so as to keep their bodies under control.
以单词的适当形式填空
1. ______________(become) an astronaut, you must go through a strict selection procedure.
2. The satellite __________ (launch) next month is made in China.
3. In closing, astronauts must have a determined will and a strong desire _______________ (explore) the universe.
4. The monitor signaled regularly __________ (warn) people of any danger.
5. Due to lack of sufficient training, he was forced __________ (float) on the river in a small boat.
To become
to launch
to explore
to warn
to float
Vocabulary
04
recycle
v.回收利用;再利用
recyclable adj.可回收利用的;可再循环的
recycle the paper/glass 回收纸/玻璃
recycle waste 回收利用废弃物
a recycling plan 一项回收利用计划
a recycling centre/plant 废品回收中心/加工厂
the recycling of glass 玻璃的回收利用
练习：In fact, most things made of paper , metal, glass and plastic can _________________(recycle).
be recycled
figure out
弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白
“动词+out”短语
break out (战争、灾难等)爆发;发生
bring out 使显出;出版;生产
come out 出现;出版;结果是
give out 分发;用完;耗尽,精疲力尽;发出(热、光等)
练习：I couldn't _________________(弄明白) what made our boss so angry at the meeting.
figure out
beyond
perp. 在更远处，超出
beyond control 无法控制
beyond the reach of 鞭长莫及
beyond repair 无法修理
beyond doubt/question 无疑地;确实
beyond belief 难以置信
beyond recognition 难以辨认
练习：Your shoes are worn out and they are ______________________ (无法修理).
beyond repair
SEE YOU NEXT TIME